INSTRUCTION FOR INSTALLATION, USE

AND MAINTENANCE FOR VOLTAGE

(POTENTIAL) TRANSFORMERS
 Instruction for installation, use and maintenance for Voltage
(potential) transformers
This installation, use and maintenance guide is valid for voltage transformers operating
in outdoor or indoor conditions.

These instructions are valid for

Indoor voltage transformer type: TJC 4, TJC 5, TJC 6, TDC 4, TDC 5, TDC 6, TJC 7
TJP 4.x, TJP 5.x, TJP 6.x, TJP 7.x , KGUG, KGUGI

Outdoor voltage transformer type: TJO 7, TJO 6, TDO 6

1. Operating conditions
Indoor transformers

The transformers should be mounted in dry indoor conditions where the ambient air is
not significantly polluted by dust, smoke, corrosive cases, vapours or salt.
The transformers are designed for standard ambient temperature between –5 °C and
+40 °C. The altitude for use should be lower than 1000 m above the sea level. The
transformers may be used also in higher or in lower ambient temperatures and higher
altitudes when agreed upon with the manufacturer.

Outdoor transformers

The transformers should be mounted in outdoor conditions where the ambient air may
be polluted by dust, smoke, corrosive cases, vapours or salt.
The transformers are designed for standard ambient temperature between –40°C and
+40 °C. The average value of the ambient temperature, measured over a period of 24 hours,
should not exceed 35°C.

2. Technical details
The technical details for each individual transformer are mentioned on the rating plate
fastened on the transformer. Values mentioned on the rating plate must not be exceeded.
Markings used on the rating plate are as follows:
Example of the label:
ABB 1234567890
TJC 4
6600:√3/100:√3/100:3 V 50 Hz
a-n 30VA cl.0.5
da-dn 30VA cl.6P

7.2/20/60 kV 400 VA
2002 IEC 60044-2
E

Where:
1234567890 serial number
TJC 4 Transformer type code
50Hz rated frequency
6600:√3/100: √3/100:3 V rated voltage ratio
a-n terminal marking for first secondary winding
da-dn terminal marking for residual (open-delta) winding
30VA rated output (burden)
0.5, 6P accuracy classes
12/28/75 kV highest voltage for equipment / power-frequency
withstand
voltage / rated lightning-impulse voltage
IEC 60044-2 referred standard
2002 year of production
400 VA thermal limiting output
E temperature class
 3. Instruction for installation

Safety instructions

1. Always consider transformer as a part of the circuit to which it is connected, and do

not touch the leads and terminals or other parts of the transformer unless they are
known to be grounded.

2. Always ground the metallic bases of instrument transformer.

3. Always ground one terminal of each secondary winding of the transformer. However,
when the secondary of transformer is interconnected, there should be only one
grounded point to prevent accidental paralleling with system grounding wire.

4. Never short-circuit the secondary terminal of a voltage transformer even this is not in
use. A secondary short-circuit will cause the unit to overheat and fail in a very short
period of time.

5. For the protection of the one pole insulated voltage transformers against the
ferroresonance see the appendix 3. – Damping ferroresonance for voltage
transformers type TJC

4. Mounting

Indoor voltage transformers

The mounting position of the indoor transformer can be freely chosen. The transformer
is fixed using the mounting base with four screws M10 or M12 and washers. Fastening must
be done on a smooth surface.
There is a M8 screw for earthing the transformer on the base plate.

Outdoor voltage transformers

The mounting position of the outdoor transformer is only horizontal. The other position
can be agreed with the supplier. The transformer is fixed using the mounting base with four
screws M10 and washers or two U profiles with M12 screws. Fastening must be done on a
smooth surface.
There is a M8 screw for grounding of voltage transformer.
Primary connection

Primary terminals of the voltage transformer are made of cooper and they are silver or
tin plated. There are M10 screws used for fastening of primary conductor to the terminal. For
voltage transformers with fuse there is M8 thread contact or spring point contact on the
primary side.

Maximum allowed torque for screw connection of voltage transformer is 20 Nm.

Maximum allowed torques for other screw of voltage transformers:

Screw Max. torque [Nm] Min. torque [Nm]

M5 3.5 2.8
M8 20 16
M10 35 20
M12 70 56

Secondary connections
The terminals, screws, nuts and washers are made of stainless steel. Secondary
grounding screws and secondary terminal fastening screws are made of nickel-plated brass.
The secondary terminal cover box for indoor use is made from the plastic and provided
with three detachable threaded inserts Pg16. The terminals are provided with M5 screws for
secondary wiring connection and with through going holes for direct earthing of the
secondary circuit by M5 screws. The terminal cover is seal able.
The secondary cover for outdoor VT are made of plastic or epoxy resin and provided
with insert Pg21.

Maximum allowed torques for secondary screw connections

Screw Max. torque [Nm] Min. torque [Nm]

M5 3.5 2.8

Max. diameter of the cable or wire connected on one secondary terminal: 2x ∅2,5mm.

For terminal marking see appendix 1.

 TJC x, TDC x , TJP x.x

TJO 7 TJO 6, TDO 6 TJC 7

Details of voltage transformers cast terminal boxes

Cross section of secondary terminal box

Fuses
The fuse is a part of a supply of voltage transformers with fuse. We can supply following
fuses:
0.3A – 12 and 24 kV products…JT 6 fuse, special design for VTs
0.6A – 12 and 24 kV products .. JT 6 fuse, special design for VTs

1A -product up to 17,5kV fuses without indication according to IEC type SIBA

2A -products up to 12 and 24kV fuses without indication according to IEC type SIBA
6,3A -all products up to 24kV fuses with indication according to IEC type SIBA
2A -products up to 36kV fuses without indication according to IEC type BUSSMANN
 6. Instruction for use

Instrument transformers are used:

- to convert large voltages in the primary circuit to an appropriate level for secondary
circuit equipment (relays and meters)
- to insulate primary and secondary circuit from each other to protect the secondary
equipment from the harmful effects of large current (voltage) appearing during the
operation
- The use of instrument transformer for other purpose then described above is
forbidden in not agreed with the producer.

Routine test report

Test report of the voltage transformers includes:

a) Verification of terminal markings
b) Power-frequency withstand tests on primary windings
c) Partial discharge measurement
d) Power-frequency withstand tests on secondary windings
e) Power-frequency withstand tests between sections
f) Determination of errors

- there are two rating plates with transformer (one plastered on the transformer
and one free)

The following information can be included on the request. These are free of charge.
- theoretical voltage errors and phase displacement values

There are additional extra paid reports which can be supplied on reguest:
- accuracy test report
- additional labels (if more then 2)
- verification tests for metering cores (classes 0,2, 0,5 )
 7. Instruction for maintenance
Excessive dust or other kind of pollution must be brushed off the transformer. Polluted
transformers can be cleaned with spirit, petrol or toluene.
Traces of arcs and minor surface damages can be easily removed with sandpaper after
which the surface is to be treated by applying a thin layer of silicone paste on it.
Instruction for repairing greater surface damages must be requested from the
manufacturer.

8. Transport and storage

The permissible transport and storage temperature is from –40 °C to +70 °C. During
transport and storage the transformers must be protected against direct sunshine. The
transformers are delivered in wooden boxes or fastened to a transport pallets
Appendix 1.
Examples of secondary terminal marking for cast and assembled terminal box
for voltage transformers

One pole insulated voltage transformer

2 measuring windings
1a 1n 2a 2n N PE
measuring and residual
winding a n da dn N PE

2 ratios measuring winding a1 a2 n N PE

One measuring winding
a n N PE

Assembled secondary terminal

2 measuring and residual 1a 1n 2a 2n da dn N PE

winding

2 measuring double rations 1a1 1a2 1n 2a1 2a2 2n N PE

winding

2 ratios measuring and a1 a2 n da1 da2 dn N PE

residual winding

Double pole insulated transformer

2 measuring windings 1a 1b 2a 2b PE

2 ratios measuring winding a1 a2 b PE

One measuring winding

a b PE
Appendix 2.

Examples of wiring diagrams

Voltage transformers:
Examples of the voltage transformers connections
Appendix 3.
Damping ferroresonance for voltage transformer type TJC
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Ferroresonance is a phenomenon usually characterized by over-voltages and very

irregular wave shapes and is associated with the excitation of one or more saturable
inductors through capacitance in parallel with nonlinear inductor. The saturable inductor
usually is present in the form of an instrument transformer, power transformer or reactor
witch utilizes an iron core.
Ferroresonance of single-pole insulated transformers in unearthed network is one of
the most common ferroresonance case. Depending on the supply voltage, capacitance and
inductance the oscillation can be either periodic (over- or sub-harmonic or with fundamental
frequency) or aperiodic.
Using damping resistor in the residual voltage secondary, shown in Fig.1, can
considerably reduce the risk for ferroresonance.
There is additionally factor that can in some cases reduce or totally eliminate the risk
for ferroresonance and it is over-voltage factor. According to IEC standard is the rated over-
voltage factor 1.9xUn/ 8h. Higher rated over-voltage factor shift the operating point towards
lower flux values of voltage transformer. It results in smaller sensitivity of transformer to some
kind of transients usually initiate ferroresonance.

RECOMMENDATION

Rated voltage factor: We recommended using the voltage transformers with the over-
voltage factor in the range (2.5-3) xUn/8h. We cannot guarantee the value of the over-voltage
factor if the requirements for the secondary winding are too high.

Damping resistor: See the recommended value of damping resistor below:

Voltage of residual Value of Rdamp
Damping power
winding
100:3 V 22 Ω 450 W
110:3 V 27 Ω 450 W

Fig.1
ABB s.r.o.
PPMV Brno The data and ilustrations in this catalogue are not binding.
Vídeňská 117 We reserve the right to make changes of the content,
in the course of technical development of the product.
619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Tel.: +420 547 152 602
+420 547 152 604
Fax.: +420 547 152 626
E-mail: [email protected]
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