Name N\WWe. AP Statistics Review Sheet Inference - Unit VI e 4. Suppose you were asked to analyze each of the situations described below. (NOTE: DO NOT DO THESE PROBLEMS!) For each, indicate which inference procedure you would use (fromthe list), the test statistic (z, , ot x*), and, if for x , the number of degrees of freedom. Type| 2, t,0r x7] df | 1. proportion, 1 sample ala [+ [5%] 2. difference of proportions, 2 samples bi4 [te 44] 3. mean, 1 sample ef 5] 39| 4. mean of differences, matched pairs a} 3 | [24 | 5. difference of means, independent samples e| 4 ZI | 6. goodness of fit f£{ Zz 7. homogeneity g| to | x |2] 8. independence [nf 2 Zz 9. regression, inference for 6 2. Doctors offer small candies toGoa}ftenagers, recording the numberof candies consumed by ‘each. One hour later they test i blood sugar level for each person. Is there any evidence, that high blood sugar levels in teenagers are flat to the amount of candy eaten? vegr eS 1s b. Which takes less time to travel to work — car or train? We select a random sample of 45 businessmen and compare ther travel time to work for both types of commute. Cpawed) c. An orthodontist wonders if soda in the diet may be a factor in loose cement on children's braces. She checks the cement bonds of 40 randomly selected 7 Patients who do not drink soda, and 40 patients who do drink soda. C2 Sarmypte mucus? 4d. Forty people complaining of allergies take an antihistamine. They report that their discomfort subsided in an average of 18 minutes; the standard deviation was 4 nutes. The manufacturer wants a 95% confidence interval for the ‘relief time”. C1 Mean) e. Ahealth professional selected a random sample of 100 patients from each of four major hospital emergency rooms to see if the primary reasons for emergency room visits are the same in all four major hospitals. The primary reason were categorized axaceent illegal activity, iliness, or other)2 populocnens CA-IX4-1) =F . Apoliceman believes that more than 40% of older drivers speed on highways, but a ‘confidential survey found that 49 of 88 randomly selected older drivers admitted speeding on highways atleast once. Is this sttong evidence thatthe policeman was wrong? I= Prop g. According to United Nations Population Division, the age distribution of the Commonwealth of Australia is: 21% less than 15 years of age, 67% between 15 and 65 years of age, and 12% are over 65 years old. A random sample of 210, residents of Canberra revealed 40 were less than 15 years of age, 145 were between 15 and 65 years of age, and 25 were over 65 years old. Do the ages of Canberra residents follow the same distribution as the rest of Australia?? QO fh. Among a random sample of college-age students, 6% of the 473 men said they had been adopted, compared to only 4% of the 552 women. Does this indicate a significant difference between adoption rates of males and females in college-age students? 2-PYep- VietKAW COMMENT IN ORANGE REFLECT Hod THe QUESTIONS wouLp BE GRADE ON A TEST. 2. Poverty In a study of how the burden of poverty varies among U. S. regions, a random sample of @ 1000 incviduas trom each region ofthe Unite States recenty yielded the information on poverty (based on defining the poverty level as an income below $10,400 for a family of 4 people). The data are provided in the table to the right. The excected counts are given in parentheses. (All the conditions are satisfied - don't 2x4 worry about checking them.) ia pi a. Write appropriate hypotheses. Nos Mose | South] West| Total Jaf: rPovechy & ungoml Poor [iz | 1 [im | a | ae [21X41 Ho Re nT auTs S each rat) | (124) | 24) | (24) veguon OF 4 US. INot Poor | a8 | 695 | 846 | 687 | 3516 : cre | 7 | ere) | (79 Ha Poverty 1S nok uniforty Frater tooo | 1000-1 1000 | 1000 | ano oP dsnbuis aus coh vegien OF He US- @ = 067+ 212+ 900+ 053+ A 0.09% 029+ 124+ 007+ +\ point hypothe ses 2 aot 4+\b. How many degrees of freedom? 3 _ |F=0.0020 c. Suppose the expected values had not been given. Show exactly how to calculate the expected count in the first cell. reactor: columntoted _ 484. 0) 7 2 s801 pie 1001 tote 00: d. State your complete conclusion in context. @ swe v= ows ra a Vgject Ho, Evidence suggests A poverty 1S nok unrfomt\y sibuted auss each vegian of the US. +Hpant Siha@p= ,\ reyect Ho Hyornt Evidune..- 3. Hospital stays Hospital nurses sampled records of 58 surgery patients. They wonderedit_ LNReg length of surgey (in hours) might be related he length ofthe hospital stay (in days) To find ‘out, they created the regression analysis shown. (SHOW WORK. Don't bother writing hypotheses, and you may assume the assumptions for inference were all satisfied.) atlar= BO (N-2)= 58-2 Dependent variable Hospial Stay Hits ABZ teb-o _ 1.22007-0 , |Varlable Coefficient 8.0. of coet com co SoANS by onstant 051568103116 q vilSugen Time 1.26007 0.09115 +1 p-value = 1A) 167° tod F (14.152,99 510) b,_ State your conclusion Since P= VAL x1GOZ 6.05). Ivegect Ho, Gvidence suggests a Strong assouohen between Surgery Hine Lhsurs) ord argh Of Nosprrad Soy (days), thpoint Sinca Pe Sd... +H point Gicdence...4, Student progress The Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS) is used by school district to assess student progress. Two of the areas tested are math and reading. A random sample of student results was reviewed to determine if there is an association between math and @ reading scores on the CTBS. Here are the scatterplot, the residuals plot, a histogram ofthe residuals, and the regression analysis of the data. Use this information to analyze the 2-sided association between the math and reading scores on the CTBS. S oer rie i: Rating 08 No Selector C ny pecan gered at ‘Source Sum of Squares df Regression Zen Resa” 777068 8 Vorlable coettictent Voconstant. 5.23273 tn gree Stes ogee 2 no : 8 ° 2 «8 ‘ $ 5 ° i as 5 * ‘ ‘ 2% ‘ : ‘ 2 ut Eo z aaoen ! ere Z Math cTBS a fee . “predicted — @ a. Is there an association? Write appropriate hypotheses. Ho: f= are 2 noaspouchay —— +1 poise Wn ce 6 ef 2247 webek rae = ING CTBS and MathneTBS Cores, Vat @,Z0 There ban acsoucher bewaah read CTS ann A iP ite the conditions for regression sclisfied? Explain. m) mm ay ee « scouterplot appears steught S + residual plot is scatter tal / emsistunt spread 2 Vesidual hictogreun is unimodal & Symmetic + ALL caondithms checked -. * sample iy tarvian ¢, unbicved ¢. What do you conclude? a A ; + stoting pt 22.24 Sines We pz,0001 © a C-05),| veyeck Ho Hi sin@pit-+ p4.o001 Evidence suggests rare is can “asso ctachon + Widenc..- berweon meth curd reading Ses an +e CTBS. d. Create a 95% confidence interval for the true slope. b Fey, SE, + 8583512101 (1045) +1 t¥_ value 2 C.to4t02 | 1.0953) +1 setup e. Explain in context what your interval means. +1 intevvad Lam 95%o confident trod the ve slope oF the ° Ime model of meth cusve vs, veading Se on the CTS Is benweon, -lo4l02 and 1-0853, a +1 Lam Slo uxfidend..,5. Car colors According to Ward's Communication, 19% of sports car enthusiasts prefer a red car, 16.2% silver, 14.7% black, 14.1% green, 14% white, and 22% other colors. A sample of 250 cars at a NASCAR raceway revealed 45 red cars, 42 silver cars, 34 black cars, 40 green cars, 39 white cars, and 0 other color cars. Are NASCAR color preferences typical of sports car enthusiasts? Test an @ ©@ averopriate hypothesis and state your conclusion, Color Red | Silver | Black | Green | White [ Other | Toto Ops Number ofears| 45 | 42 | 34 | 40 | 39 | 50 ]250 exp 41S 5 30S a5 3 V/ Ho: NASCAR coter preferences awe Aypread vf Spo%s car erthyniar ts, Hat NASA calor preference cue not typical of sports car emthus tacts. Vewadthens « t + data is mn counts + sample of 250 I rand sal expected cell Guints =5 since the usndchans cure mah, ean use YE qOF mode}. =5 yes 1.d44y Var =o Jaa GEA, 41s 40.5 2076 @ toe = 1aaaw [\ rang Vp-valve = POW > 1.94410) =,9507 oO] 210) Po DBC FALB,\ Fal 30 veyeck Yo. ewdence Po Suggest NASCAR ase pice of spots car enthusiasts. Vsince ne 07 Vinee is nok ensgn preference are not ty HN) 2 qwate pap vale) © P-value @ +1 Stee p-value IS... + there is norensyh evidence +o. -6. A survey of randomly selected college students found that 50 of the 95 freshmen and 52 of the_107 ‘sophomores surveyed had purchased used textbooks in the past year. Construct a 98% cor nce interval for the difference in the proportions of college freshmen and sophomores who purchased used @ textbooks. Condihens : srandamly seleckd Students +%j2210 %,752210 +A5210% of aN fyrwuhmwn 1014 1d%o of ali Sophornves Sine the condrhens aremets | can use 2-prep z-ntewval.¥ C.52le -. 45) 12.3210 (C5woX.474) y a5 af + x aM ADT. « lam ae'lo confident the tye difference iin she proportion of Ffrohmen and sophomers who purchased used Hextbuxks inthe past ycar IS behvenn —12-35%)e and 20-45% ]o, C.1235,. 7. The table below shows the weights of seven subjects before and after following a particular diet for two months, pared Subject [AT e[c[olelFi[e @ Before _| 193 | 173 | 185 | 158 | 196 | 199 | 157 ‘After | 188 | 164 | 183 | 163 | 182 [201 145 en eee oo Do the data suggest thatthe det is effective in reducing weight? Test a hypothesis about the mean difference Inweight 4“ hypolaases : Hot Maz 7 + Ad antiaischedeat Hsin Hy 7 0 = ‘ Hat My > mn L. Pas est ives ean Vesnaihors: + differences are vandim assuming emplsyees wore choren o+vandsm + N27410%o oF Al subjects, + lage enagh? n=7 nemnod, prepalasirts pict 'S shaughy enaugh. je CUES axe Wut, [coun Ube paired t-test. (Isanple t-test) £14530 . V p-value =, 044 Vsince tru p=.04 2 ¢.05) a reyeck Ho, Verdenee suggests the diet is effective, Inveducing waght @ v8. A laboratory tested twelve chicken eggs and found thatthe mean amount of cholesterol was, 229 al mligrams with a standard deviation, 10.2 miligrams. A normal probability plat of the 12 eggs is. @ reasonably straight: Construct a 85% confidence tera one eon shal such eggs. lesterol content of all Vomarhons: assume dnicken eggs wore randomly, selected +N=12 41040 Fall heen eggs + naamal probabiiiy plot is reatonably streugh Sine Yar uondkinent are mek, Van vce I= sample j-inewal (20.52, 229.48) 4 V1 am A5%le wnhident sek the dwe Ivan cholesterol content of all-eggs Sbehveen 252mg cund 224.4% Ing. +1 Aln condithms checked I 1-Samplo E-tinbervad =) Intervad +H lame... @ © pyrite car sey a alone , toatathow weg eas satay chavs est Zz ol ts paripants, The centers leader decides to of 140 and fc partepants Does ine data suggest inal he sucess, raft we or Sr has Wteco ane A hypotheses Viena et he aomlervats: Chietcaad a 2 Vesnathons: -randem sample - HAL. ae re + #140 410% of a clients, . Pvalve + Evidtne... +1 Sine p Sine He cannons cure wed, can use I= prpotin 2-tesh, P-valve = P(2 1.0021) =,05R25V since. tre P=10525 7AC.O5)\, \ Far to reyect Ho. @ there is not ena evidine to suggest the success far Ihe: wight loss center nas increased ..! PROBABILITY: 10. Some employers use le detector tests to screen job applicants, Lie detectr tests are not compl feliable, Suppose that a polygraph can detect 624 of ies, but ncorecly entiies 16% atte fee, pos. statements as les, A company gives its ob applicants polygraph test. Suppose that the job e@ applicants tell the truth during the polygraph test. What is the probability that a person who fails the test was actually teling the truth’ g/t PS PCT | eu) = PCTtn feu) = .144_<— #1 point x 0S Fant Pcrail) 1144 +005 < +1pcin| Arie Pass 884 05” Fail 11. You are dealt a hand of three cards, one at a time. Find the probability that you have at least one red r a = 1-(2@,25.24)_ 9924 | Heep os B51 50 824 FVancwur 12. The probability that a student a a certain college is male is 0.47. The probabil that a student at that calege has a job of campus is 0.32, The probably thal a ludént at ihe college is male and has a job off campus is 0.12. Ifa student is chosen at random fram the college, what is the probabilty that the student is female and does not have an off-campus job? Z Ce) PC Female w/o off-campus job) = .33 H work “33 f +1 answer RANDOM VARIABLES: ‘ 13. The number of goif balls ordered by customers of a pro shop has the following probabilty distribution. e Find the expected number of golf balls ordered and the standard deviation. # balls (x) 3 6 |9 [2/8 probability 0.14 [0.26 | 0.36] 0.14 | 0.10 EL) = 3614) # O21) FACS) £126.14) HIE C10) = 8-4 Val) = (3-B.A)* LAA) + Us-B.AN C210) + (A-BA)*C, 310) + (2-8 A)*(.14)+ 05-84) = Ne + eon a Sp00 > ST = 3.440 a eee 14, Suppose that in one town, 50 year old men have a mean weight of 177 Ib. with a’standard deviation of 17 Ib. 30 year old men have a mean weight’of 158 Ib. with a standard deviation of 12 Ib. How much heavier do you expect a 50 year old man to be than a 30 year old man and what is the standard deviation of this difference (50-30) = IT1-15B2 Atbs — $0(9D-3092 (FF+ I> = 20.808 llos | +1 EW50-30) +1 SpUD-30) 15. Find the probability of exactly 5 girls in & births. Assume that male and female births are equally likely and that the births are independent events. + binemied ar i ‘Ss, vin mance alg Ut 18S Honnour F oO 16. A company manufactures batteries in batches of 30 and there is a 3% rate of defects, Find the mean and the standard deviation of the number of defects per batch binomial Mx 2p = .9 Hobineanial or equins setup N=30 p= + P=08 Oy = Inpq * «9343 ae