0% found this document useful (0 votes)
103 views12 pages

Jhsy1ps, NCERT X Hindi Sanchay

This document discusses guidelines for developing a supplementary Hindi textbook for class 10 according to the National Curriculum Framework 2005. It emphasizes connecting students' learning experiences inside and outside of school. The success of this effort will depend on how much opportunity teachers and principals give students to learn through imaginative activities and questions and reflect on their experiences.

Uploaded by

Kumara55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
103 views12 pages

Jhsy1ps, NCERT X Hindi Sanchay

This document discusses guidelines for developing a supplementary Hindi textbook for class 10 according to the National Curriculum Framework 2005. It emphasizes connecting students' learning experiences inside and outside of school. The success of this effort will depend on how much opportunity teachers and principals give students to learn through imaginative activities and questions and reflect on their experiences.

Uploaded by

Kumara55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

ed

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

lap;u
Hkkx 2

d{kk

10

osQ fy, gnh dh iwjd ikB~;iqLrd

no
tt

(f}rh; Hkk"kk)

ii
ISBN 81-7450-665-9

lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr

ed

q izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk
rFkk bySDVkW fudh] e'khuh] iQksVksizfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZx vFkok fdlh vU;
fof/ ls iqu% iz;ksx ifr }kjk bldk laxzg.k vFkok izlkj.k oftZr gSA
q bl iqLrd dh fch bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ
vuqefr osQ fcuk ;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok
fdlh vU; izdkj ls O;kikj }kjk m/kjh ij] iqufoZ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh
tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

izFke laLdj.k
ekpZ 2007 pS=k 1929
iqueqZ.k
uoacj 2007 dkfrZd 1929
tuojh 2009 ikS"k 1930
fnlacj 2009 ikS"k 1931
uoacj 2010 vxzgk;.k 1932
tuojh 2012 ek?k 1933
ekpZ 2013 iQkYxqu 1934

uoacj 2013 dkfrZd 1935


PD 235T RPS

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuql/


a ku vkSj izf'k{k.k
ifj"kn~ ] 2007

` 20.00

q bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok


fpidkbZ xbZ iphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh
la'kksfk r ewY; xyr gS rFkk ekU; ugha gksxkA

,u lh bZ vkj Vh osQ izdk'ku izHkkx osQ dk;kZy;


,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQil
Jh vjfoan ekxZ
u;h fnYyh 110 016

iQksu % 011&26562708

108] 100 iQhV jksM


gsyh ,DlVsas'ku] gksLMsosQjs
cuk'kadjh III bLVst
csaxyq# 560 085

iQksu % 080&26725740

uothou VLV Hkou


Mkd?kj uothou
vgenkckn 380 014

iQksu % 079&27541446

lh-MCY;w-lh- oSaQil
fudV% /udy cl LVkWi ifugVh
dksydkrk 700 114

l
iQksu % 033&25530454

lh-MCY;w-lh- dkWEIySDl
ekyhxkao
xqokgkVh 781021

iQksu % 0361&2674869

I +kQ

izdk'ku lg;ksx

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isij ij


eqfnzrA

no
tt

izdk'ku izHkkx esa lfpo] jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla kku


vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vjfoan ekxZ] u;h
fnYyh 110016 }kjk dkf'kr rFkk ,twosQ'kuy
LVkslZ] ,l&5] cqyan'kgj jksM+ b.MfLV;y ,fj;k]
lkbV&1] xkft;kckn (;w-ih-) }kjk eqfnzrA

v;{k] izdk'ku izHkkx %


eq[; mRiknu vfkdkjh %
eq[; O;kikj izcakd
%
eq[; laiknd (lafonk lsok)%
mRiknu vf/dkjh
%

v'kksd JhokLro
f'ko oqQekj
xkSre xkaxqyh
ujs'k ;kno
v#.k fprdkjk

vkoj.k ,oa fp=k


dYyksy etwenkj


o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

vkeq[k

ed

iii

no
tt

jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk&2005 lq>krh gS fd cPpksa osQ LowQyh thou dks ckgj osQ thou
ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A ;g flkar fdrkch Kku dh ml fojklr osQ foijhr gS ftlosQ izHkkoo'k
gekjh O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp varjky cuk, gq, gSA u;h jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZ
ij vkkkfjr ikB~;e vkSj ikB~;iqLrosaQ bl cqfu;knh fopkj ij vey djus dk iz;kl gSaA bl
iz;kl esa gj fo"k; dks ,d ekcwr nhokj ls ?ksj nsus vkSj tkudkjh dks jVk nsus dh izo`fk dk
fojks/ 'kkfey gSA vk'kk gS fd ;s dne gesa jk"Vh; f'k{kk uhfr (1986) esa of.kZr cky&osaQfnzr
f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh fn'kk esa dkI +kQh nwj rd ys tk,xsA
bl iz;Ru dh liQyrk vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd LowQyksa osQ izkpk;Z vkSj v;kid cPpksa
dks dYiuk'khy xfrfof/;ksa vkSj lokyksa dh enn ls lh[kus vkSj lh[kus osQ nkSjku vius vuqHkoksa
ij fopkj djus dk fdruk volj nsrs gSaA geas ;g ekuuk gksxk fd ;fn txg] le; vkSj vkkknh
nh tk, rks cPps cM+ksa }kjk lkSaih xbZ lwpuk&lkexzh ls tqM+dj vkSj tw>dj u, Kku dk l`tu
dj losaQxsA f'k{kk osQ fofo/ lk/uksa ,oa ksrksa dh vuns[kh fd, tkus dk izeq[k dkj.k
ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cukus dh izo`fk gSA ltZuk vkSj igy dks fodflr
djus osQ fy, k:jh gS fd ge cPpksa dks lh[kus dh izf;k esa iwjk Hkkxhnkj ekusa vkSj cuk,]
mUgsa Kku dh fu/kZfjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd ekuuk NksM+ nsaA
;s ms'; LowQy dh nSfud knxh vkSj dk;Z'kSyh esa dkI +kQh isQjcny dh ekx djrs gSaA
nSfud le;&lkj.kh esa yphykiu mruk gh k:jh gS ftruk okf"kZd oSQysaMj osQ vey esa
pqLrh] ftlls f'k{k.k osQ fy, fu;r fnuksa dh la[;k gdhdr cu losQA f'k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu
dh fof/;k Hkh bl ckr dks r; djsaxh fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd LowQy esa cPpksa osQ thou dks
ekufld ncko rFkk cksfj;r dh txg [kq'kh dk vuqHko cukus esa fdruh izHkkoh fl gksrh
gSA cks> dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, ikB~;e fuekZrkvksa us fofHkUu pj.kksa esa Kku dk
iqufuZ/kZj.k djrs le; cPpksa osQ euksfoKku ,oa v;kiu osQ fy, miyC/ le; dk ;ku
j[kus dh igys ls vf/d lpsr dksf'k'k dh gSA bl dksf'k'k dks vkSj xgjkus osQ ;Ru esa ;g

iv

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

ikB~;iqLrd lksp&fopkj vkSj foLe;] NksVs lewgksa esa ckrphr ,oa cgl vkSj gkFk ls dh tkus
okyh xfrfof/;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nsrh gSA
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- bl iqLrd dh jpuk osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr osQ
ifjJe osQ fy, rKrk O;Dr djrh gSA ifj"kn~ Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr osQ v;{k izks- ukeoj
lg vkSj bl iqLrd osQ eq[; lykgdkj izks- iq#"kkske vxzoky dh fo'ks"k vkHkkjh gSA bl
ikB~;iqLrd osQ fodkl esa dbZ f'k{kdksa us ;ksxnku fd;k_ bl ;ksxnku dks laHko cukus osQ fy,
ifj"kn~ muosQ izkpk;ks ,oa mu lHkh laLFkkvksa vkSj laxBuksa osQ izfr rK gS ftUgksaus vius lalkkuksa]
lkexzh rFkk lg;ksfx;ksa dh enn ysus esa mnkjrkiwoZd lg;ksx fn;kA ifj"kn~ ek;fed ,oa mPp
f'k{kk foHkkx] ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk ksI+ksQlj e`.kky ehjh ,oa ksI+ksQlj th-ih- ns'kikaMs
dh v;{krk esa xfBr fuxjkuh lfefr (ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ lnL;ksa dks viuk ewY;oku le;
vkSj lg;ksx nsus osQ fy, /U;okn nsrh gSA O;oLFkkxr lq/kjksa vkSj vius izdk'kuksa esa fujarj fu[kkj
ykus osQ izfr lefiZr ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh fVIif.k;ksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr djsxh ftuls Hkkoh
la'kkskuksa esa enn yh tk losQA

no
tt

u;h fnYyh
20 uoacj 2006

funs'kd
jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqlakku vkSj
izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~


o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

ed

v;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr

ukeoj lg] iwoZ v;{k] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osaQnz] ts-,u-;w-] u;h fnYyh

eq[; lykgdkj

iq#"kkske vxzoky] izksI+ksQlj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osaQnz] ts-,u-;w-] u;h fnYyh

eq[; leUo;d

jketUe 'kekZ] iwoZ izksI+ksQlj ,oa v;{k] Hkk"kk f'k{kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh

lnL;

vuqie feJ] lfpo] xkakh 'kkafr izfr"Bku] u;h fnYyh


mfeZyk 'kekZ] v;kfidk] tokgj uoksn; fo|ky;] tkI+kQjiqj] u;h fnYyh
iznhi tSu] ofj"B v;kid] ekWMuZ LowQy] ckjk[kack jksM] u;h fnYyh
johanz dkR;k;u] izoDrk] gnh foHkkx] ,l-,u-Mh-Vh- efgyk fo'ofo|ky;] eqca bZ
ohjsna z tSu] i=kdkj] lka; VkbEl] u;h fnYyh
fo'kEHkj] laiknd] f'k{kk foe'kZ] VksMh jetkuiqjk] t;iqj
itk izkku] ofj"B v;kfidk] Mh-,e- LowQ y] {ks=kh; f'k{kk laLFkku] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] Hkqous'oj
dkfeuh HkVukxj] izoDrk] lh-vkbZ-bZ-Vh] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh

no
tt

lnL;&leUo;d

Lusgyrk izlkn] iwoZ izkIs +ksQlj] Hkk"kk f'k{kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh


o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

vkHkkj

ed

vi

no
tt

bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa vdknfed lg;ksx osQ fy, ifj"kn~ fo'ks"k :i ls vkeaf=kr
fnyhi lg] jftLVkj] nf{k.k Hkkjr gnh izpkj lHkk psUubZ_ m"kk 'kekZ] izoDrk]
Mh-vkbZ-bZ-Vh- eksrh ckx u;h fnYyh_ 'kkjnk 'kekZ] izoDrk] Mh-vkbZ-bZ-Vh- vkj-osQiqje~ u;h fnYyh dh vkHkkjh gSA
ifj"kn~ jpukdkjksa osQ ifjtuksa @ laLFkkuksa @ izdk'kdksa osQ izfr vkHkkjh gS ftUgksaus
mudh jpukvksa dks izdkf'kr djus dh vuqefr iznku dhA
iqLrd fuekZ.k lacakh dk;ks esa rduhdh lg;ksx osQ fy, ifj"kn~ oaQI;wVj
LVs'ku bapktZ (Hkk"kk foHkkx) ij'kjke dkSf'kd_ Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj lfpu oqQekj_
dkWih ,MhVj iwtk usxh dh vkHkkjh gSA


o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

Hkwfedk

ed

vii

no
tt

d{kk 10 fganh ^c* ikB~;e osQ fy, iwjd ikB~;e osQ fuekZ.k esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh iwokZftZr Hkk"kk
;ksX;rk] ckSfd {kerk ,oa #fp dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd blosQ ek;e
ls os fofHkUu lkfgfR;d fo/kvksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls ifjfpr gksa vkSj muesa Lok;k; dh izo`fk Hkh
fodflr gksA ;g Hkh iz;Ru fd;k x;k gS fd tks lkfgfR;d fo/k, uoha d{kk dh eq[;
ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx 1 vkSj iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx 1 esa lfEefyr ugha gks ikbZ gSa]
os bl iwjd iBu dh iqLrd esa vk tk,A bl n`f"V ls bl iqLrd esa dgkuh] vkRedFkk ,oa
miU;kl va'k dks LFkku fn;k x;k gSA buosQ v;;u ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd fo|kFkhZ bu fofo/
fo/kvksa dh 'kSyhxr fo'ks"krkvksa ls ifjfpr gks losaQxsA
vkt ns'k esa laiznk; vkSj vlfg".kqrk dh izo`fk osQ dkj.k ge Hkkjrh; thou&ewY;ksa rFkk
viuh leUo;oknh lkekfld laLfr ls nwj gksrs tk jgs gSaA leqfpr lkfgR; dh f'k{kk bl izo`fk
dks nwj djus vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa jk"V osQ izfr LoLFk vfHk#fp fodflr djus esa ,d izsjd lkku
cu ldrh gSA bl n`f"V ls ikB~;&lkexzh osQ p;u vkSj la;kstu eas fuEufyf[kr cnqvksa dks osaQnz
esa j[kk x;k gS
iBu&lkexzh ,slh gks ftlosQ ek;e ls fo|kFkhZ yksd&ijaijk] lkfgR;] dyk] foKku] lekt
vkfn osQ {ks=k esa viuh lkaLfrd fojklr ls ifjfpr gksa vkSj mlosQ izfr muesa ldkjkRed
n`f"Vdks.k fodflr gksA
fo/kxr ikB~;&lkexzh osQ p;u esa jkspdrk vkSj fofo/rk dk fo'ks"k :i ls ;ku j[kk
x;k gSA
iBu&lkexzh osQ cks/u dh fn'kk esa v;kid ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Li"V n`f"V nsus osQ fopkj ls
izR;sd ikB esa vk, dfBu 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ uhps iqQVuksV eas ns fn, x, gSa ftlls ikB dks i<+rs le;

viii

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

vFkZ xzg.k esa dfBukbZ u gks rFkk izR;sd ikB osQ var esa cks/&iz'u Hkh ns fn, x, gSaA bu iz'uksa
osQ ek;e ls u osQoy fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ cks/ dk ewY;kadu gks losQxk cfYd ikB esa fufgr fofo/
'kS{kf.kd fcanq Hkh mHkjdj lkeus vk losaQxsA
izLrqr iqLrd esa dgkuh] vkRedF; va'k vkSj miU;kl va'k dks fy;k x;k gSA bu fo/kvksa
osQ }kjk fuEufyf[kr fo/kvksa dh 'kSyhxr fof'k"Vrk ls Nk=k ifjfpr gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk ifjokj]
lekt vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd ifjos'k dh i`"BHkwfe ij jfpr jpukvksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gks losaQxsA bu ikBksa
}kjk eq[; :i ls ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd

no
tt

gfjgj dkdk?kj og txg gS tks viuksa osQ lq[k&nq[k esa] vkin&foin esa] gkjh&chekjh esa]
g"kZ&mYykl esa ,d&nwljs osQ dke vkuk fl[kkrk gSA ,d&nwljs dh mUufr dk ekxZ iz'kLr
djus dh lh[k vkSj volj nsrk gSA keZLFky blh viusiu dks] blh ln;rk dks] lg;ksx
dh blh Hkkouk dks viuksa ls dgha vkxs izk.khek=k rd foLrkj nsus dh le> vkSj laLdkj
nsrk gSA
;fn dHkh fdlh osQ ekeys esa ?kj vkSj keZLFky ;kuh ifjokj vkSj izHkq njckj nksuksa gh viuh
Hkwfedk NksM+ vius ewy LoHkko dks frykatfy ns nsa] rks\
rc tks vjktdrk vkSj vukpkj] vU;k; vkSj vkikkkih epsxh] og oSlh gh gksxh tSlh gfjgj
dkdk osQ lax gqbZA
dFkkdkj fefFkys'oj us gfjgj dkdk dgkuh osQ cgkus xzkeh.k ikfjokfjd thou esa gh
ugha gekjs vkLFkk osQ izrhd keZLFkkuksa vkSj keZotk kkjdksa eas tks LokFkZyksyqirk ?kj
djrh tk jgh gS mls mtkxj fd;k gSA gfjgj dkdk ,d o` vkSj fu%larku O;fDr gSa]
oSls mudk Hkjk&iwjk la;qDr ifjokj gSA xko osQ yksx oqQekxZ ij u pysa ;g lh[k nsus
osQ fy, ,d BkoqQjckM+h Hkh gS] ysfdu gfjgj dkdk dh foMacuk nsf[k, fd ;gh nksuksa
muosQ fy, dky vkSj fodjky cu tkrs gSaA u rks ifjokj dks gfjgj dkdk dh fiQozQ
gS u eBkkh'k dks] nksuksa mUgsa lq[k ugha nq[k nsus esa] mudk fgr ugha vfgr djus esa
gh exu jgrs gSaA nksuksa dk y{; ,d gh gS] gfjgj dkdk dh tehu gfFk;kukA blosQ
fy, mUgsa pkgs gfjgj dkdk osQ lkFk Ny] cy] dy dk iz;ksx Hkh D;ksa u djuk iM+sA
ikfjokfjd lacakksa esa Hkzkr`Hkko dks csn[ky dj iko ilkjrh tk jgh LokFkZ fyIlk vkSj

ix

no
tt

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

keZ dh vkM+ esa iQyus&iwQyus dk volj ik jgh fgalk o`fk dks csudkc djrh ;g
dgkuh vkt osQ xzkeh.k gh ugha 'kgjh thou dk Hkh ;FkkFkZ mtkxj djrh gSA
liuksa osQ&ls fnuf'k{kk dky esa i<+uk gh fo|kFkhZ dk y{; gksrk gSA izk;% gj fo"k; dh dksbZ
u dksbZ fdrkc i<+uh gksrh gSA bl i<+s gq, esa ls cgqr oqQN ,slk gksrk gS tks iwjh dksf'k'k
osQ ckotwn Hkh ;kn ugha jgrk vkSj cgqr oqQN ,slk Hkh gksrk gS tks ,d ckj i<+ ysus osQ ckn
ges'kk gekjh Le`fr esa cl tkrk gSA
izLrqr vkRedFkka'k dks nwljh dksfV esa j[kk tk ldrk gS ftls i<+us ds ckn Hkqyk ikuk dfBu
gh ugha vlaHko gks tkrk gSA ;g va'k crkrk gS fd lekt esa oqQN yksx ,sls Hkh Fks tks f'k{kk
osQ ego ls iwjh rjg vutku FksA ,sls yksx u osQoy [kqn vui<+ jgs cfYd muosQ dkj.k
muosQ ifjokj dh Hkkoh ihf<+;k Hkh fuj{kj jg xbA
bl ikB osQ Le`fr esa cus jgus dh tks lcls vge otg gS] og ;g gS fd bls i<+rs gq,
ikBd dks ckj&ckj ,slk yxrk gS fd tks fnup;kZ esjh Fkh] tks 'kjkjrsa] pqgyckft;k]
vkdka{kk,] lius esjs Fks] tks eSaus vkt rd fdlh dks crk, Hkh ugha] os ys[kd dks oSQls
ekywe gks x, vkSj mlus fcuk eq>ls feys gh esjh nSuafnuh oSQls fy[k yh\
Vksih 'kqDykvius os gksrs gSa ftuls viukiu feysA fiQj Hkys gh og viuk] vius ?kj dk]
viuh tkfr dk] vius keZ dk gks ;k u gksA ftlesa viukiu u feys og Hkys gh jkrkasfnu
lkFk Hkh jgrk gks] fiQj Hkh de ls de dksbZ cPpk rks mls viuk ugha eku ldrkA pwfd
cpiu izse osQ fj'rs osQ vykok fdlh vkSj fj'rs dks oqQcwy ugha djrkA ckyeu fdlh LokFkZ
;k fglkc ls pyk;eku ugha gksrkA fu'Ny o` eu dh Hkh oqQN&oqQN ;gh n'kk gksrh gSA
jkgh eklwe jkk osQ miU;kl ^Vksih 'kqDyk* osQ bl va'k osQ ik=k Hkh viusiu dh ryk'k esa
HkVdrs] vVdrs ukj vkrs gSaA dFkkuk;d Vksih osQ viusiu dh igyh [kkst iwjh gksrh gS
vius nksLr vkhk b+I +kQu dh nknh ek esa] vius ?kj dh ukSdjkuh lhrk esa vkSj vius
xzkekapy dh cksyh&ckuh esaA
dgrs gSa ^izse u ekus tkr&fotkr] Hkw[k u tkus f[kpM+h Hkkr*A Vksih dks Hkh blls dksbZ varj
ugha iM+rk fd ftlosQ vkpy dh Nko esa cSBdj og Lusg dk vikj HkaMkj ikrk gS] izse
osQ lkxj eas xksrs yxkrk gS mudk jgu&lgu D;k gS] [kku&iku D;k gS] jhfr&fjokt D;k gS]
lkekftd gSfl;r D;k gS\

no
tt

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

gkykfd Vksih osQ firk ,d tkus&ekus MkDVj gSa] ifjokj Hkh Hkjk&iwjk gS] ?kj esa fdlh Hkh
phk dk vHkko ugha Fkk fiQj Hkh og yk[k euk djus osQ ckotwn b+ I+kQu dh gosyh dh
rjI +kQ cjcl [kpk pyk tkrk gSA dk'k! mls ogk tkus ls jksdus okys ifjokj osQ yksx dHkh
bl ckr dk Hkh irk yxkus dh tger mBkrs fd Vksih tSlk vkKkdkjh ckyd vkf[kj mudh
,d ;gh fgnk;r D;ksa ugha ekurk!
vk'kk gS ;g iqLrd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks #fpdj yxsxh vkSj muesa Lok;k; dh izo`fk c<+kus osQ
lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu thou ewY;ksa osQ izfr le> Hkh mRiUu dj losQxhA

vkeq[k
Hkwfedk

iii
vii

1- fefFkys'oj

& gfjgj dkdk

2- xqjn;ky lg

& liuksa osQ&ls fnu

20

3- jkgh eklwe jkk

& Vksih 'kqDyk

32

ys[kd ifjp;

no
tt

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

xi

45

ed

o N
be C
E
re R
pu T
bl
is
h

no
tt
xii

You might also like