© CHAPTER 1 Functions: Characteristics and Properties Getting Started, p.20 Lifts) =x +3e-4 a)f2) = Q #3Q)~4 at6-4 6 byl Cu + a0) 4 ra3-4 ~6 tort 3 =5e) Se(x 3) + (D3) (sr ~ 1)(6~ 3) OC + yP 6b Hy) (BP ty + Me ty 8) ay by=alo+b) + ila +) a+ bY y) 3.) horizontal wansation 3 units to the righ, vemical translation 2 units up: aac tox oils Trt ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manual by horizontal translation ! unit to the i teansation 2 unis op 3, vera TAT +} ag iae horizontal suetch by a factor of 2, vertical stretch by a lactor of 2, reflection across the xaus ¥ 2 ie 4) horizontal compression by a factor of verical ssreich bya factor of 2, refecton across the ais, 4.a)D = (reR|-2= 4 = 2), R= (yeRI0=y = 2} b)D= freR). R= (yeR|y = ~19} ©)D = (reRis #0), R= [yeRly #0} @)D= [veR), R= [yeR|-3 = <3} (reR}.R = (yeRIy > 0} "'5.a) This isnot a function; it does no pass the ‘etal ine es ) This isa function; for each x-value, there is ‘exactly one corresponding y-value £6) This isnot a function; foreach value greater than 0, there are wo corresponding values 44) This i Function; foreach evalu, there is exactly one coresponding yvalue ¢) This isa fenction; for each wvalue, thece is exactly one corresponding yvalue 201 “Tlf a selation is represented by a set of ordered pis, a table, or an arrow diagram, one can ‘Setermine ifthe relation isa function by checking that each value ofthe independent variable is pated with no more than one valu ofthe dependent ‘arable. If relation is represented using & graph or scatter plo, the vertical line test can he used to ‘termine ithe relation i a Function. A relation may also be represented by a description/ule at by ‘sing function notation or an equation. In these cases, oe can use reasoning to determine i here js more than one value ofthe dependent variable Paired with any value ofthe independent variable 41.1 Functions, pp. 11-13 1a) D = (reRE:R = (YeRI—4-5 y 5 —2}: This {sa fimcton because it pssesthe vical ie txt byD = (reR[-1 = = 7h R= {yeR|-3 =y #1): This isa fonction because it passes the vertical ine test )D= (1,2 3.4}: R= (-5,4,7,9, UM} This fs ‘ota function because 1 is seat to more than One clement inthe range 4) = (reR}: R= (ye Rj This is fonction because every clement in the domain produces cxacly one element in the rane OD = (4-212, R = {12,3} This isa Funetion because every element ofthe domain is Sent to exactly one element inthe range. a ND = (ER; R = (eRIy = 0} Thisisa function because every element inthe domain produces exactly one element i the range. 2.a)D = (ve RR = (yeRIy = ~3); Thisisa Funetion because every element inthe domain produces exactly one element in the range. byD = frek[r # ~3);R= (yeRiy #0): Thisis function because every element in the domain produces exactly one element in the range © D = {re RR = (yeR|y > 0}; Thisis a funtion because every element inthe domain produces exactly one element in the eange 4)D= (ceR}: R= ye R/O = y = 2}; Thisisa Function because every element inthe domain produces exactly one element in the ange QD = (reR|-3 243) R= (yeR)~3 5 y = 3h This is nota fonction because (0,3) and (0, ~3) ate both in the relation. D= [coR}:R = (yeR|-2 = y= 2h: This a function because every element inthe domain roduces exactly one element in the range. Sa) = (.3,5,7: R= (2.4.6) Thisisa Tonotion because each element af the domain has exactly one coresponding element in the cange, WD = (0.1.9.5 R= (136): This is a function because each element ofthe domain has exactly one corresponding clement in the eange ©) D = 40, 1,2,3}: R= (2.4); Misia function ‘cause each element of the domain has exactly one corresponding element inthe range @)D = (2.6.8): R= (1.3.5, 7} This is nova function because 2 sent io both Sad 7 in the = (1, 10,100); R = {0,1,2, 3}; This is nota Tunetion because |i sent 0 hothO a | in the range. 1D = {1.2.3.4}: R = (1.2.3.4): Thisisa function because each element ofthe domaia has ‘exactly one corresponding element inthe range. 44.2) This is function because passes the vertical line test; D = [ve R): R= [ye Rly = 2} 1) This isnot function because i fails the vertical line tea D = (rely = 2):R~ (yeR} «) This is function because every element ofthe ‘domain produces exactly one element in the range; D=(reRER = [yeRy = ~05) 48) This is nota function because (1, 1) and (1,1) fare both inthe elation: D = [xe Rix = 0}: R= {eR} Chapter Funtions: Characters and Properties‘This is a function because evry clement ofthe ‘domain produces exactly one element inthe range; D={reRir #0; R= (yeRly +0} 1) This is a function because every element ofthe domain produces exactly one element in the range: Ds (reR}:R = (ve R} ayaa byy=2e-s oy = 32) ayanrts 6.8) The lengths tice the width, f | oS fate ateh 0 ° Tree 4) Since 1 20, te length must be 8m andthe Wid 4 m inorder to use all 12 of materi e190 0 200 250 Time's) 4) Ie isa function because it passes the vertical Tine vest ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manat OTT sw Feige () £) tis not a funtion because (5.0) and (5.509 ae both inthe relation 8.) {(1,2)..4),(5,6)) (2.8.21. 6.6) O12 1).2,3).65.6)) 9. 1a vertical ine passes though a function and hits wo points, these two points have identical --coocdiates and diferent ycoordinates, This means that one rcnortinat is sen toto different elements inthe cange, violating the definition of fncron, Wayd = VO=OF EOF ee sev No, because the distance fom (1,5) 0 (0. is tS ‘No, because (4,3) and (4.~3) are bath in he relation Hea) e(0) b)gG) ~ 82) So. (3) ~ 2) # g(3 2) a£3) ¥ f(5) = 1+ XS) 4x6 =m 4015) = 7) x f(5) 9 fU2y=le24344eerD = 28 3) ¥ fd) = (U4 3) X (U4 2H) 4x7 28 #12) = f() x (4) 4) Yes there ae others that will work fla) > f(b) = fla x b) whenever @and b have no ‘common factors other tha 1 13, Ansvers may vary. For example: Gaus “ “The firsts not function because it fils the vertical ine test: D = fre R|=5 = x= 5}, (eR|-$=y = 3). The second isa function because it passes the vertical ine test (eRi-5 2525; R=(eR|0=y <5}. 15, xs. function of yi the graph passes the horizmtal line est. This occurs when any horizontal lin hts the graph at most once 1.2 Exploring Absolute Valué/p. 16 461-5} = 5, [20] = 20,15] = 15,12] = 12, 1-35 From least to greatest, 5 12,18, 20,25,0r|~5h Bayla|>3) bles ist aisles 4B) et SAIS OTe ew De ee, ye ee re ee) ©) The absolte value ofa number is always greater than or equal t0 0, Tere ae 90 solutions to this, inequality 8) ee pote Sea oT TS Sa) [2 =3 bial >2 olsi 22 aiy<4 Chapter 1 Functions: Characteristics and Properties© a 6 2 press one 2) The graphs ave the same b) Answers may vary. Foe example B= (oe + 8), sothey are negatives of tach other und have the samt absolte value | | » | | ° / ® V K 8. When he number you are aklng or sutrating is inside the absolute Valu sigs, it moves the fuetion woth lel (when ablng) oF othe ight ‘shen subtracting) of the origin, When the aumiber You are adding or subtracting is outside the absolute Value sign, st moves the function down (when suburaeting} of up when adding? from the origin. The graph of the fanction wil be the absolute valve function moved to the Ie 3 units ane dvs 4 uits fom te origin, 9. This is the graph of g(x) = |x| horizontally compressed by a factor of} and translated {unico the lee. ay aay ia? i 10, This she graph of g(2) = |x| horizontally compressed by a ctr of elected over the aus, translated 2} units to the Fight, and translated Suis vp. 13 hs cironane pn 38 1. Answers may vary. For example, domain because ‘most ofthe parent funetions have all rel numbers ssa domain 2. Answers may vary. For example, the end behaviour Ircause the only two that match are 2? and [x 3.GGiven the horizontal asymptote the function rust be derived from 2" But the asymptte is at = 2,s0 it must have been translated up two, “Therefore, the Function is f(x) = 2+ 2. 48) Both Functions area, but teie domains are diferent 'b) Both functions have a domain of all real numbers, but sin(x) has more 20s €) Both Funetions have a domain of all real sumbers, ‘ut ifferent end behavioue 4) Both functions have a domain ofall eal numbers, but itferent end behaviour 1s4 nay 4-4 eet ~ x), the faction seven sings) +2 in(=2) + (=x) = sin x= “Ginx +x) = fl) ‘Since f(—x) = ~ fe), the function is odd. @ fey=ton sox =n Since f(x) = =f). the function is od a) fix) =20 +r sls) = (ox) + (=x) = 2 Qe += fle) A flex) = 204 Since (2) = =f(x) the fueton is od. 8) fs) =e =F flex) = 2-9) ~ (09 1 afl) = 28 = Since (=a) # fs) and (=x) * FE the function is neither even nor od 1) fle) =e +3) fl) = (2-8) +3) = | 2 +3) < fla) = [20 +3 Since f(a) # fla) and f(—1) # = fla) the function is nether even aor odd 6.4) |x|c because itis 4 measure of distance from a ‘umber by) sin (), because the heights are periodic ‘612%, because population tends 10 increase ‘exponentially 4) because there is Son the first day, $2 on the second, $3 on the thd te. 7.) f(s) = Vx, because the domain of x must be areater tha 0 foe the function to be defined and f0) = VO=0 1) fl) = sinx, because the function is periodic and is at Oat 0, 180°, 360°, 540°, 720°, etc fle) = Se leiseven because Fox) = (a = = f(a). The graph of the Function i smooth eutve without any sharp comes. fs) x, because y = in this function an, therefore, and have the same behaviour. 6 Bad fle) = 2° 7 [eget by g(a) = sin x +3 10, a) The quadratic is @ parabola opening upward with its vertex at (2, 0). Using the vertex foem, the function would be f(x) = (x = 2) by There is not ony one funtion ea) = Hee 2) 1 works as wel ) There is more than one function that satisfies the Te? isa smooth curve, while |x| has a sharp. pointed corer at (0 0, ‘chopter 1: Functions: Charterites and PropetosAdvanced Functions Slutions Manual13. es important to name parent functions in order to classify wide range of functions according to similar behaviour and characteristics M4. D = (ceR) R= (a eR): imerval of increase = (=, =), no interval of decrease, no Aiscontinuites, x and yintercept a (0, 0), od roomy sand c=, y+, Is very similar to lx) = «lt doesnot, however, have a ‘constant slope 15, No, cos «is a horizontal translation of sin x 16. The graph can have 0,1, oF 2 zeros. Deno TITAS a Mid-Chapter Review, p. 28 1.) This is function because every vlue inthe domain goes to only one value in the range: D=(0.3,15,27), R= 2.3.4) by This sa function because every value inthe domain goes to only one value inthe range: D=(reR}, R~ (veR} €)Thisis not a function, I ul the veical line test De (eeR|-S = =5,R= eR|-S=y= €) This snot a function because 2, in the domain, toes to both 6 and Tin the range; D ~ (1.2, 10} Re (1.3.6.7) 2. a) Yes. Every clement in the domain gets sent to exactly one element in the range B)D = (0,1,2,3,4,5.6,7.8.9, 10) {e) R= (10,30, 25, 30.35, 40, 45,50) 3.a)D = (re R} R © (f(x) eR} function b)D = (reR)-3 24 53}, R= yeR|-3 Sy = 3},nota function 0) D = (reR|x = 5}, R= (yeR\y = 0}: function {eeR}, R= fyeRly = ~2} function 3, [3] = -3,(5) =5.[-4] = 4/0) = 0 =H < 101 < 1-31 < 141 <1 sea) ® 6 SSATAT ITE » 8 a 4 SST IQA TTS ° 8 4 Saas Tee Chapter: Functions: Characteristics and PropertiesTite 6.8) The graph of (ls) = 2" isnot symmetric about the y-axis nor the origi, and, therefore, is neither leven nor edd. Looking athe graph we notice that kore and y >. 'b) (==. 0) and (0, =) are both interval of decrease foe the funtion f(s) ‘©The function f(r) = Vr must have a domain _reatr than or equal to 0 because the squatec00t of ‘negative aumber is undefined 7.) fle) = [2e| fx) = [2a] = el » fox) Since f(2) = f(—x).the function seven by fia) = (=n {9 = (op = 2 = x) = flr) Since f(x) = f{—x), the function is even. ofiey= x44 flor) = (=) 4a nrt4 Since f(x) # f(s) and fs) # is neither odd nor even fl), he funetion ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manual 4 430-1 4(-98 + 3-2) eee Since fx) # f(s) and fle) # =f), he Function is neither odd nor even, Ba) Thisis fen Aliscontinuous ase fo translated ight 1 and up 3; slated down 2; continuous 2 Tse) ted down 10; ominous HP] 4] aaa FT = Ze oo41.4 Sketching Graphs of Functions)" $8) f(x) = *’wansated lett pp. 35-37 ¥ 7 1a) translation 1 anit down 1b) horizontal compression by a factor o teansatio T unit right sa0 ¢) reflection over the sis, anslation 2 units up, sation 3 units ight, 4) reflection over the sani, vertical stretch by a factor of 2. horizontal compression by a factor of} bp fl) = [x vertcal stretch by 2 ‘reflection over the x-axis, translation 3 units down, feflection over the 9s, ansaton 2 units let 1 vertical compression By a factor of translation 6 units up, horizontal stretch bya factor of 4, translation S units ight 2 a) Representing the reflection inthe x-axis: 4a = —Leeepresenting the horizontal stech by & factor of 2A = J epreseaing the horizontal translation: d = 0, representing the vertical teansation 3 units up: ¢ = 3. The funetion is ©) f(x) = Sin (x), horizoatal compression of $ y= ~sin(ly) +3 translation up | 'b) Representing the amplitude: a = 3, representing 5 the horizootal sete by a factor of 2: representing the horizontal translation: d = 0, representing the vercal translation 3 units Gown: = =2.The function is y= 3 sin (Sx) ~ 2. 3. Consider the transformations of fx); horizontal ‘compression by a facto a 5, vertical stretch by factor of 2, reflection across the «axis, horizontal translation 5 unt lt and verte teslation 4 units 7 ‘down, These transformations take (2.3) (1.3) 6 (1.6). (1, 6), (—4 6). and finaly to (=4, 10), : 4,4) Each coordinate gots multiphied by 2 (2,6), 7 5 (hs). (2.10), (-4.12) 1) Each coordinate gets increased by 3. (5,3), O01) ) Each coordinate gts inereased by 2 (2,5) 4.9). C248) {Each coordinate gets decreased by I and each Srcoceinate gets dctased Uy 3 (1.0) (8), ge) = 2 horizomal swcch by 2 (-3.2), (65.9) Je z a The pose elected across the ans, 50 for -coodiats ta fer in sgn wich the sreaordiats. (2,8). (4.6). (-2,3).(-4.7) 1h The coordinates are reduced by a factor oF 4 fn the -coodinates ue deoreased by 1. (1,2 Gen(eha 23) TH 40 chapter 1: Functions: Characteristics and Propet1 fle) = VE, horizontal compression by f wansation Fight 6 ay 2 Te SIT 6 a)D = (ER). R= lr) ERUMa) =) R= (fs) ERY) = 0) ifeheR|0 fr) $2} = (cele #0}, R= Ule)@ RCs) # 3h (lsyeRIfo) > 0) = (eRe = 6), R= {0 ERY) =O) “8 on, ') The domain remains unchanged at D = (xR) Rem Gey eRifex) <4). He changes fom increasing on (~~, =) to decreasing on (=, ). Tne end behaviour becomes a8 t=, 4, and eee) = 22" +4) By= ave 90.8) 408)o(dgt0 =30505) 43) = un toni VE Perea bawyetveri Be ete y.e enema =) k(x) = VEE +1 Bec acvemacer2 9 D= {reR| fe R= (eye R(x) = 3) -1-8) (2) Rig) = 0) ee) 13.) a yerical suetch by a factor of 4 3 horizontal compression by a factor of | 9 Qe = Be = ae 14, Answers may vary. Far example horizontal stretch or compresion, I ‘ase on value of & WTI Tere ws 0. na tubsq nan = 029 wy tuah(Hn=n8-4) = 284 9 0)-(4:a0)-1) = 109 o-(lur-ux Jann ‘Advance Functions Solutions Manvst Sean GEE ‘vertical stretch or compression, Based ‘on valve of a 5 : reflection in vans if a <0 eelsion in anit <0 | eee horizontal ranslation, based on value of ‘ertcal ranslation, based om value of ¢ uw15. The new y-coondinate was produced by teansatng down 4 after a stetch bya factor of 2 “To ga backwards, we must tanslate up 4, which takes the 6 fo 10, and then compress by 2 factor of which takes 10 05, The new x-coordinate was produced by translating left 1 unit To go backward, ‘we translate ight | unit so 3 becomes 4. The eiginal point is (4,5), 16, a) horizontal compression bya factor of} teansation 2 nis tothe left 1 Becanse they are equivalent expressions 3 F2)= ar +6 ° 7 q 5 Inverse Relations, pp. 43-45 1.3965,2) by (6-5) SC yy = 2.2) 0.121) is on he inverse e)-3) = 05(-3,0) 13) son the inverse Hi(0) = 70.7) $0, (7,0) so the inverse 2 "The dorsain andthe range ofthe original Tinctions re svtched forthe inverses OD (eR). R= [yeR) BD = (teR} R= eR =2} ©) D = (ce R|s <2). = (YeR|y = 3) OD = feeki-s er < 1OLR= VERY < Function Ay = fe ~ 2 “The inverse of fiction A is i rely? Y t ctzely aw eeny Functions and D match Fonction B: y= 2 + 2 forx 20 “The inverse of function E is reyr2 ewhere x = 2 Functions & and F match Function C: y= (x +3)! where x = —3 “Te inverse of function Fis r= +P VEny+3 Functions Cand E match. 4a) (4.129) ) (129.4) OD = (reR}. R= (yeR) 4) D=(reR}.R = eR} ©) Yes it pases the vertical ine test 5a) (4,248) by 248.4) )D = (ve R}, R= (yeRIy = 8} 4)D = (ceRie= 8), R= (ve) €) No; (248, 4) and (28,4) are both onthe inverse relation 6.2) Noca function «Function Chapter 1: Functions Characters ana Properties44) Not a funtion 5 fe-m=c C= §(F ~ 22): this allows you to conver from Fahrenheit wo Celsins 9 by r= 2c43 ) Fe $C +92 #326 36432 = 68 5s canbe used to determine the ‘adi of a cece when its area is knowa, bya = ae! = a(S)! = 25 fe feet ray fe Advanced Functions Solutions Manual a MAG) = 2G) +7 = 13 by h(9) = 2(9) + 7 = 25, ey MOV= HO) _ 2 9 array oer gmat et p= CM ad 05 6 672 11, No: several students could have the same grade poin average TR aysix) = e+ 4 reyes 14a “y 3 1 Pia) = He 4) = U8 +5) 2y +5) yes eee meay=-E-5Bhaygey = 4r= 3) +1 ead -3F 41 » Steo-3 4) The poins of intersection are approximately (2.20, 3.55), (240, 240), (1.85, 2.20) and 6 @). = 3 because 8 negative square roots undefined, 1) g(2) = 5, but g(5) = 2. the inverse isnot 4 Tunetion i this i he domain of ¢ M4. Fory = = VFR D = (reRix = ~2} and R= (yeR|y $0). Pory == 2,D = (eR) and R= (ye Ry = ‘correct ifthe damain of ¥ D=(reRir sO), 18. Yes; the inverse of y = VF Dis y = a? ~ 2 sovlong as the domain ofthis second function is resticted to D = (ve Rix = 0) 16, Joh is correct 2}. The tudeat would be 22s restricted to Abpea: y = 42: 58 VIG, . S42 VD = VATE Numeric: Lets = 4 y +2 a 4 16+2= 18 = VaCI6} Geaphical ay Vein 4 a oy. ‘Tae graphs ae reflections ove the ine y = 17. f(x) = k ~ x works forall Ke. yoknx ‘Switch variables and solve for yi =k — prker So the function i its ow inverse 18.1 horizontal line his the function in to locations, that means there are wo points with ‘equal yvalues and different «values, When the Tunction is reflected over the line y ~ x to Find the inverse relation, those to points become points with equal values and different y-values, thus violating the definition ofa function Chapter Functions: Characters and Properties1.6 Piecewise Functions, pp. 51-53 ay Saag Tae » ° 7 o ——— ° ‘Aukanced Funetions Solutions Manual 2.) Discontingous ate = 1 ») Discontingous at = 0 ©) Discontinuous at = 2 @) Continuous ©) Discontinuous at x 1 Discontinuous atx = | and.x = 0 3.1) The function changes at x= 1. When x the function i a parabola epresented by the ‘equation y = «2 ~ 2. When x > 1, is line represented by the equation y= x4 1 Po DilesL 1 (ETS 'b) Te funetion changes atx = 1. When x < 1, the funeton isan absolute value Function eepresented by the equation y = jx When x= its aradicat function rpeetented by the equation » — VS. Of bites no (Vs 4.a) D = {re R}: the function is discontinuous a r= bb) D = (ce Rh: the functions continuous Say The lanetion is discontinuous at x = D> (veR} R= (3)») > fea 39] “ = ‘The fanaton s continoos De feck) Re feneRse) =o) ° p Saag tee “ “The function i continuous D=(reR) R= fe Rifle a “Te funtion conn D=(reR} R= [foryeRII = f(x) = 5} 6. There is. Ma fee of $15 forthe ist SOD minaes hich s presented by the top equation. Over 500 minutes results in arate prevented by the bovtom equation 15,0 = 500 10> (isc aans rs 2 uas..it0-2 « = 100000 roy= f= ha nn 08x ~ 60.00 i > $000 {6 nonde for he futon o Be continuous the 160 pieces mst hve the same value for x =~ [eke n2 Lok =A 16 9.2) 709” © so. AL Ee ores 1) The fuction i diecontinuous at )2— (rt sate =6 2 — (4(6) +8) = 64 — = Dosh 44) Using the function that represents te time ater the sill, dr #8 = 64d = S60 = 14 f@) Answers may vary For example: three possible events are envionment changes, introduction of 2 ‘ew predator, and increased fishing 10, Answers may vary. For exarple Plot dhe funtion for the let interval ee "Pot the function forthe 1 Determine ifthe plots forthe left and | | righ intervals meet atthe xvalue that serves asthe common endpoint for the intervals ifs, the funetion i ‘ontinaous at this point { Determine continuity for the 180 iervals using standard mathods interval “Chapter : Functions: Characteristics and Propertieswpe etevaie (22S 6 12, The function is discontinuous at p = Oand p= 15; continuous at 0 = p= 1S and p > 15 Oi 02e<10 litt = x = 20 1B. fle) = 9 20.1120 < 30 30,4130 = x < 40 40,040 = x < 50 sof” 0 =_ 0 © 2 m4 % eo Wis often referred tous a step function because the rap looks like steps 14 To make the firs two pieces continuous, S(-1) = =1 + k sok = “4. Butit k= 4, the ‘raph is discontinuous at = 3 1s 16, Answers may vary. For example rehire 1 ee hit-ten22 vn | ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manus » ©) The funetion isnot coatinvous, The lst sw pieces do not have the sume value forx = 2 re diles 1 @ fu = P+ hit-tscst Vit Lite? 1 caemaoees 1a) Add y-coordinates forthe same x Of R= (veR} 2ay Clr) = 30 + O21 b)D = fre R= OE R= (ClHHERICU = 30} 3D = (re RR = Ye} eR) = I 6 Saag Ta 4. The aumber ine has open ccs at 2 and ~2 Ie? 5.) Both functions have a domain of al real umber, but the ranges lifer. 1) Bath functions are odd bat have diferent domains. ©} Both functions have the same domain and eange, Tux smovath and [x asa shayp comer at (0,4) Both functions ate increasing on the entice ‘eal line, but 2" has a horizontal asymptote while x es not, 6.3) Increasing 09 ( R= {fspeR} > - = =) odd D = (eR) Decreasing on (=~, 0}: increasing on (0,2): even; D=(veRER fisyeRIfix) = 2) 2 Increasing on (~ =, =); neither even nor od; reR): R= [fix)ERilx) > =I} 7.9) Parent y= |x|eansaced left | by Parent: y= Vr; compeessed verically by a factor of 0.25, reflected across the xis, compressed horizontally by a factor of} and translated left 7 z S| “+ ©) Parent y= sin elected across the x-axis, expunded vertically by a factor of 2, compressed horizontally bya factor off wanslated up by 1 AA ? + 4) Parent: y = 2% reflected across the y-axis, ‘compressed horizontally by a factor off, and translated down by 3, 7 Chapter 1: Fanetions: Characters and Propertiessoana(d.-192)=ean wena(-ha 91-7) =C1-0 (21) (2 +2142) = (4,3) oa.0-+(4e)+s0x1) = (a) 8 AY4C2+ L1H = C10 oan(tayea-in)= en 10.4) (1.2) 2.) 1-9) 9 81) 9) 0.7)-+(7.0) 4/63) = 7-9 5,7) 50. 7 5) son the inverse eg(0) = 3+ (0-3) So, (3,0) i 0 the inverse, Baca) = 10-5 (1.10) So, (10,1) i 0m the inverse TL. The domain and the range ofthe org Funetions are switched forte inverses. ayD= fre R|-2 <4 <2). R= [veR}) b)D = (re Rie < 12). R= {yeRly = 7} 7 Se Tee 1) The inverse relation a anetion, yp Te Qe Saag tte 12 ‘The function is continuous; D = (2 Rh R= eR) de ~ ite =. ser OE “The function i isconinvus atx 16. In order for f(x) tbe continuous atx = | the two pieces musi have the same value when x = 1 Whense= ae +1 = 2vand3r = 3. The two pieces are nov equal when «= 1, 0 the function is fot continous atx = 1 17-4) For any number of minutes up 200, the cos is $30. For any number above 200 minutes, the Charge s $30 plus $0.03 per mint above 200, 30°F 003(x ~ 200) = 30+ OOe~ 6 24+ 00% 3.x = 200 1 (yy «ones > 20 by 24 + 003350) = $34.50 ©) 180 < 200, othe cost is $20. 18. For xcooeinates that fang have in common, ad the comespondingy-coorinaes. Je e= (0.9.19) by Foc -cordintes that fand g have in common, subirct the coresponding y-coordinats foe = (0 -0.4.-0) ©) For s-coorinates that fand g have in common, muliply the corresponding ycoordiats. fe ={(0.12),(4,36)) na19.) > ort ay wm 6x, be (49) <3 20, f(x) =F + Deg) =H HY Afi) + gly =a Dee ed tae Byls) gy = 2 +2 e+) teed eet (+29) DJle) x g(x) = UF + NE + HY SP eae 2 ea) = fe) ad be oA OB Bay afta 2 Cebe pepe pe bee avr ae (x46) +6 «) Answers may vary. For example. (0,0) belongs tof, (0.6) belongs tog. and (0, 6) belongs to f+ lo, (1,3) belongs tof (1,5) belongs to g, and B) belongs to f+ « Cater 1: Functions: Charactrintes and PropertiesChapter Self-Test, p.62 1. Yes. pases the veri line est b)D= (eR R= (reR|y 0) 2a) fs) = ¥ oF f(s) = [4] > ay 6 “ ©) The graph was tanslated 2 units down, SACO = BOO) 0! = 23) a = flo) 4.2 haya horizontal asyeaptote while x® doesnot, The range of i (ve Rly > O} while the ange of is [yeR\y = 0}. 2 increasing onthe whole real line and x has an interval of derease and an interval of inrease S. reflection over the x-axis, translation down Test Sunts ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manual 6 horizontal stetch by factor of 2, translation | uni ups) = Hal # Tea) 3.5) (3, 3,5) (5.3) 15Q) +2) = (4,17) 8 flxy= e+) r= 2041) Pie 9.3) 0.12(125000) ~ 6000 ~ $9000 00s if = 0.000 10 {oc Gomis» san to.) 7 Tate 1) (2) is discontinuous at «= O because the two pieces do not have the same value when ¥ = 0 When x = 0,24 |= Dand Vet 33 6) tervals af increase: (= =.0). (0,2) 90 iterate of decrease AyD = freR)CHAPTER 2 Functions: Understanding Rates of Change Getting Started, p66 1. The slope between two pons cane found by Alvin the change ny by the chang in 2 aes . wor = (-29) = -2 Each successive frst ilference s 2 times the previous first difference, The function s ‘exponential by Fist differences =o “The second differences are constant so the Function is quadratic. 3.a)0 = 2e x 2e + 3)(e = 2) OFdae-242 2x “The zeros ae ~} and 2. by o=e—1 Orler-144 122 ‘Advanced Functions Solutions Manual ‘Any non-zero number ased the exponent of Os Lsox = 0 010 sin («= 45), 0° = x = 360" sin (O°), sin (I80") and sin (360°) = 180° =~ 4S", and 360° = 4 asa a“ ass 1 5 340" 405° cannot be a 2210, The and 25°, 08 (8) 0s (8) For 360° = x 5 0 cos ( cos (=210") = “The zeros are —90" and ~270" 4.2) (2) is compressed vertically by a factor of | 1) fla) is stetehed vertically by a Ector of? ad veansated right units ©) fle) 'sstetched vertically by a factor a 3, reflected inthe rani, and translated up 7 units 4) fa) is suetehed vertically by a factor of 5 translated right 3 unis, and tansated down 2 unis 5.) SIO is P. 8% oF ON 61 + is 1.08 nis = P(. +4) Becomes A = 1000(1.08) Dy) r¢3, A = 1000(1.08)" or $1259.71 €) No, since the interests compounded each year you earn more interes than the previous year. The 6.) y = Sin «isa maximum at 90° so 157 = 9 or =5, (6) = 8.47 sin (15° x 6), (6) = 15 my = sin isa minimum at 270° so 181 = 290° err = 18, (18) = 8-4 7 sin (15° 18). (18) = Em ') The period fy = sin xis 36 19% = Sou" or = 283, ©) = 30.h(30) = 8 +7 sin (15° % 30), AGO) = 15m. 90°) = Oanaee cle eauam eines mem r Lesson 2.1. Determining Average Rate of Change, pp. 76-78 1. The average rate of change is equal tothe change iny divided by the change in x aye(d) = (4)? 5(4) + 1 264-2041 =% (2) = 4Q7- 5Q) #1 = 16-1041 =7 7 Average rate of change = 492 (3) = 5) #1 be) eras gQ2)=7 songs to ange = 2 crete ~ = ons) #05) ~503) 1 oe pong: ict ge = B=? ayaa ~ 4035" ~ S005 +1 woot - sane Ee zl ea) =4@u"~ sant wal as #2) Average ate of change = S47 ta i er 1) g20)) = 4201) = S201) +1 = 16-1608 1005 +t zi 2108 average rate of change = SL — 11.04 201-2 7. 2) ') According 0 the tale, the height at = 218 44200 m and the height at r= Lis 27.00 m. 2-7 Toate 1 According othe tale, the Height at = 4s 42.00 and = 3 847.00. cee 73 3) The lar is einng height at 15 mys and shen loses ight a5 m/s Rf) aways increasing a constant ate) is decreasing on (=, 0) and increasing on (0), So the ate of change snot constant Sms = 352 people/t 2nd bat howe ~ 138 peopte/h Sed ba ho: = 286 people/h sth half our: 28 people/h Sth half hour: 60 people/h ‘th nt ho: byte rate of growth ofthe crowd a the rally ©) A positive rate of growth indicates that people were arriving at the rly. A negative rate ‘of growth indicates that people were leaving the aly 5. a) Day 1 Eu} 2 = 203 km/day oy 2 98-2 ostnidy oy =I esti vay BS= 81 as knay ony 258=2S 18s km/ay ows by Nor some days the distance travelled was preter than others, Chapter 2: Functions: Understanding Rates of Change6. The function is fa) = 44. To find he average e) Assume tha he growrh continues t follow this rate of change find “2, The rae of change from _Paltern and that the population will be $ 120.000 yee aan people in 2050, Pan 9, The Cuneton is f(r) = 18% ~ ON#. The average £6)~ f2) ah) ae rat of change is "forthe interval 10 ¢ = 15 4@) ~ 40) ht _ HUIS) —"hC0) a7 suo 1815) = 0st 1840) ~ O80.) io 90 ~ 100 9 Theft of change om 219 261 i fo 92) 3 32 “ams (26) ~ 40) 18.9 Tetons od Mocca eass +s The wengs tof hnge s 222 yaya) ; 4 B ne) =a +50) +1135 Te averag te of change aun eomse ne" gh fen ie hn geo rye oan? #350) + 1s a aoe a iin o changes 0a ince er a Dl =26 FF 8.) Find the ordered pars fr the intervals given. ii) PQS) = ~03(3)° + 35(3) + LAS Fever: (20, 20) and (0, 5) 1895 Inger i): (40,80) and (20,20) PQ) = 1695 Anverval i (6, 320) and 4, $0) 1895 ~ 1695 lazerval is): (60,320) and (0,51 3 Use this information to ind the change ia Population over the change in time. 32.00 per seatshit w-3_15 3 iy PCA) » 308) +354) + LAS Dg He = ee 780 people pe yeu ee wu 20 60 POS) = 1895 iT an ~ a0 7 35 Peple per year yay — ALB) 2038 1895 sys) du 43 a3 1) BPS 2 12 012000 people per year =a 3 S140 por sweatshir to roa” gp 752505280 ean peryer to) PG) = “OCF +3515 + LIS 3) No: he ao roth ines a etme psy pay ES 35 q 4 = 0x $80 per sweashist, ‘Adtonced Functions Slutions Manual Es'b) The rate of change is still positive but it decreasing. This means that the profi is til Inreasing, Bo ata deveasing rate {) No fer 6000 sieatsits ae sold, he rate of change becomes negative. This means thatthe profit begins to decrease after 6000 sweatshirts ae sold. Ma) Df we were 0 find the average ae of change of an Siterval thats farther in the future such as 2025-2050 instead of 2010-2015, the average eae of ‘change would be greater. The graph indicates that the ‘hang in populaion inreases time increases. The [opis goting sleeper asthe values ofr increase ‘The funetion is P(e) = SO = 10001 + 20000. a 12, Answers may vary. For example: 4) Someone aight caleulate the average increase in the price of gasoline overtime. One might calculate the average decrease inthe price of computers over Dy An average rate of change would be useful when there are several different ates of change over a specific interval €) The average rate of change is ound by taking the ‘change in forthe specified interval and dividing it by the change in x over that same interval 13. The car's stating value is $25 500, After 8 years the cars only worth $8750. The average rte of change inthe valu ofthe cari 3950 23500-14750, B-0 5 = 188375, “The value ofthe car decreases, on average, by $1843.75 per year As u percent ofthe cars original valu, ths is $j) 100, o€ 8% decrease, or CUO) = 50(103' + 1000(10) + 20009 7.8% 3300 1. Answers may vary Fo example: Po) = S010}? + 1000(0) + 20000 cimaat ait UNE 20000 ‘Detar [Panels [Wil epee PCO) — PCO) _ 35000 — 20.000, ingore , on = cen | a mi = 1500 people per year Soe] Soares PAR) = SHC12) + 1000C12) + 20000 [Atty | Miner ten js = 39200 Sly | Gresatane (2) = 50,2)" + 1000(2) + 20000 ese, | reeceet ee ~ 220 aes asin | cad eae Pca) ~ Pa) _ 39200 - 2200 Sretecnine =f) _ Bane See 1700 people per year 15, Calculate the fuel economy for several values of x fi) PAS) = 50(13)° + 1000018) + 20000 ay 7 aad vane (3) = 50(5)' + 1000(5) + 20000 © 8 F 35290 [a | PS) = P(S) _ 46280 26250 snl eeraeiaia B= iss 7 360. 000 people per year = 25 yy PaO) = $0420)+ 1000420) + 20000 avs esa 000 =| a (10) = 3500 70 wo. {P(20) ~ PAO) _ 11000 ~ 35.000 e = m= ~ 30-10 [iE eae caer = 2500 people per year : 7 44) The prediction was comect. coy “chapter 2: Functions: Understanding Rates of Change“The fuel economy increases s x ineteases 0 80 and then decreases. The speed tht gives the bes fuel economy is 80 kh by) As the values of + get loser together on bot sides ‘of 2, the average rte of change ets closer to 20, 2. a) Find the average rate of change for intervals that approach 2.0 fem both sides. 309 206 Swedes : 303 2498 = tie PP: ee: 20-15 tegen) = 38 = 3409 ¢ rate of change is “M4, oe ee Tre average tof change is 2 ne, 1- MeN 1s Sea 7a 296 12) = 13,015) = 425,22 oe ws ws Ss “The instantaneous ato change apes be 12) = 14,0099) « 125 = 1995 tone - Dy Find he tae re of change or neals y 7 70) = 870) = 13, 22-25 Bat approach 20 125) = 228.0) ns 2.1 = 1505, 70) ~ 13, SF esrisee ee thet) ar 77S “The instantaneous rate of change is approximately 5.4. ee a Saved real mcd Fewer aealaon ae - teed, nd aks no eco ors on ach = ae] ‘ieric given pn ineack cation Se ee se aS Sane ee pane esas ease oy " 120 aa Te] PIO) 100+ 3010) + 407 — ri iopees2] 0.1995 ‘apt 1995 re eee ee «© Use te dferece quotient 0 Find he 0 see Fe Shere ha vey salle 251) = 100 + 9051) #4031) Sauer 200.5004 a 2 59.04 50a: pr on a | Sstovte merge tang overs cern pees eee beam interval; part ¢) usk for the instantaneous rate of change a 2.5—hey se al different values 2s4. Use the difference quotient to find the instantaneous rate of change ENE Hee his a vey sal vl. a) (1.99) © 6(~ 1.99)" — "06 2) = 6-9) =m 20-1976 B= DIE,» -za940r 4 by 001) = 800) ~ 4 Sone ACO) = 6(0P = 4 ws 39994 (4) BE 8 osor0 e401) = 6401) ~ = 93806 4) = 64 = 4 ass #89 sora 41801) = 6¢801)8 = 4 0.986 fs) eat = 580 1196 — 38 on 5. Use te dilfereace quotient to find the ‘stuntaneous rate of change flat ht fal “The Function is hy = Se 4 36 + 65 J(301) = =3G01) + 38.01) + 65, = 96.46 or 96 | whore fis.» very small value + 31a) +65 FT 28 = -27.05 mjsor -27 mis 6. Use the difference quotient to Fad the ‘instantaneous eae of change NH here hia very small vale ‘The funetion is H(a) = 125 000(1.06y (81) = 125000(1.06)8" = 19934713, 125 000( 1.06)" = 19923101 8) A205 Gy tMANLM = $11 612 per year or about si aio prsex ay The fanaonis P() = “LS? #360 + 6 The average tof age 2 P(24) = ~15(24¥ + 3624) + 6 5s P(O) = -1.5(0F + 36(0) +6 é 6-6 ; peng 7 Opeowleyear 1) Answers may vary: For example: Yes, it makes Sense. It means tht the popoaton in 2000 and 2024 fe de same, so their average rae of change is (12) + 36(12) +6 PCa) = 6 222-6 = 8 = tsthousand/year PQs) =6 C12) = 222 6-m $a = — rs thowsand/year Tre aweae ate of ings ding fs 12 yeas re ho prse Dung send I2yeast a "i payer Te popula yea Ito an ding yer 24 th becane he eae of hg ite ame on each sie of 12 we know tt he ita tis of canes weld be Oat 12. BOs te erence oie in he Intenous test chang He oe hic vy al vale ‘The oon Ve) = 1899909, ony = t393(093)" am fs) = 1890095) bane name 130738 - 99 When het ws nit hss sot 6a Dray Th ver vi hie waer when BO) 0 tenn 0 Use yraphng calor detrnin te vale of "or ihe equation ee ‘Chopter 2: Functions: Understanding Rates of Change“The diver enters the water at aboot f= 1.6, 'b) Use the difference quotient 1 find the instantaneous rate of change. Fat He). were his. very smal valve, (1.6) = 10 + 2(1.66) ~ 4901.66) 0.180 48 (LES) = 10 + 2(165) ~ 4901.65)" 0,080 25 =0.80 48+ 004028 ete 01 ae “The iver is travelling a a ate of about 14 m/s, 1, Use the centered interval method to estimate the instantaneous rate of change ar = S. Find values af V(r) on ether side of 5. visi) =4a(31)= sae vias) = ath = 16860 W686 ~ 156.865 9 Now, use the diference quotient to find the instantaneous rate of change = 31421 071007 emer vison) = Sa(saty 1669 105) = Betsy = 65667 167 669 ‘ut 11, David simply needs Keep tack ofthe taal distance that he's aveled and the amouat of te thar it has taken him to ravel that distance. Dividing the distance cavelled by the time required ro travel that distance wil give him his average speed 12, a) Use a centered imerval to find the instanta- neous rate of change, M="" = ~225 °F/min bb) Answers may vary. For example: A quadetic model for the oven temperature versus time is =~ LG? ~ 983¢ + 400.71. Using this mode, the instantaneous cate of change atx = 4 about 255 "Fis, 6) Answers may vary. For example, the fist ate is using a larger interval estimate the instantaneous 51463 0F 10cm’ Jem Advanced Functions Solutions Manual 4) Answers may vary. For example, the second ‘estimate is better as uses x much smaller interval to estimate the instantaneous rte, 13, Answers may vary. For example Inte __[ovarntne Imeway at escsatons 14, a) The formula for finding the area of a circle is A= wr where ris the radius. The average eae of change is 44 eS ar A= (100) = war mor Lommox = 0 0-0 “The average rate of change is 10x em/em. bb) Use the diference quotient to find the instantaneous fate of change fat hs fat a = 0 MS here isu very small vale. A= (0m) = r(14 402.4001) (120) i 400 14. 402.40017 — 14400 ‘nT 240 em/em| 4 754.01 emJem or 15. The formula forthe sueface area of cube ven the length ofa side is V = 6s! whese sis ihe sie length ofthe cube, Use the difference {quotieat to find the instamtancous rate of change Ke eM KO) spore is x very seal val Sa a7SA = 603) 54.306 ‘or ‘The instantaneous rate of change i about 36 em'fem 16. The formula for finding the surface area of sphere is SA = de. Use the difference quotient {o find the instantaneous rate of change st = 36.06 em/em eH) re hi ey sal va sa~4ncoy 0108 a= 4n(ay a iecor 16 A — 600% «9 1 — LOW s.r em ‘The instantaneous rte of change is about 302.78 em?/em or L602 em fem. Lesson 2.3 Exploring Instantaneous: Rates of Change Using Graphs, pp. 91-92 a) Answers may vary. For example ‘be aa ia ‘The lope is about 7. by Answers may vary. For examph 100! 9 eee “The slope is about 10. ©) Answers may vary. For example Tistse “The slope is about 025. Answers may ary, For example 7 a ara yise . a Because the grap is linear, the slope i the same everywhere. The slope is2 297 3.a) Sets | | cH Chapter 2; Functions: Understanding Rates of ChangeThe slope ofthe tangent atx = 3 is 0 sec: aoe The slope of te tangent at x = 90° is 0 “The slope of the tangent atx = — Lis — PJ [enwouer | Te slope of the tangent at x = ~2 is 0. ‘The slope of the tangent atx = 0s about ~ 0.69. The slope of the tangent atx = Lis 0 The slope ofthe tangent at x = 28 ~3 Set rs USteataoe | The slope of the tangent atx = 120° is about ~ 0.009 The slope ofthe tangent at x= 2is 14 bb) Set A: All slopes ae zero -——— Set: B: All slopes are positive. y Set C: Al slopes are negative. 4-ayandb) _, Oven Temperature The slope of the tangent at = 1 is about L., 4 The slope of the tangent at x» 385 “| ara oa Brest eas The slope ofthe tng at x = is our 0.009, ‘Advanced Function Solutions Manual 26) The y-intersept ofthe tangent ine appears 1 be 125 °F. Find the slope between the points (0, 125) and (5.280), bs 128 5-0 ‘The slope is 31 4) Use the datapoints (6, 0) and (4,250). 310 ~ 280 oa 2 “The rate of change i about 30“F/imin atx = 5 Answers may vary. For example: The answer in part d) is the slope ofthe line connecting two points fm either side of x = 5. The answer in part c) isthe slope ofthe line tangent othe function at point = 5, The tivo lines are different and so their Slopes wil be dittereat. 5. Answers may vary. For example, similarity: the caleulation; difference: average rate of change is ‘ver an interval while instantaneous ate of change ‘sata point 6a) WF SaAaIT Ts ty “6 » saa ae Is ©) From the graph, it appears thatthe tangent othe uve at (15,225) would hae the same slope as the secant line drawn Mid-Chapter Review, p. 95 Lay Water Usage of” ‘4 2 ov yasaser ‘Month by Ra of cages 2 Siac we ae ooking {for the amount of change between each month, will aways be 1 month. Therefore, we jus need 10 find the diference in volume between each month, im 375 ~ 3.00 = 0.75 1000 m'/month or 150 mv /month ing 375 318 = 0.09 1000 a/aonth ot Om'/month ine All 3.75 ~ 0.25 1000 m"/month oF 250 m’/month ‘mg 5.10 ~ 400 = 1.101000 m/month or 11 mont ng 550 ~ 50 ~ 0.40 10001 m'/month of 400 m'/month ‘© Examine each of the answers from the previous ‘exercises. The greatest amount isthe greatest Amount of change between two mont. [10 > 0.75 > a0 > 0.25 > 000 “The ereatest amount of change occured during ms, between Apeil and Ma. 4) The change in ys the difference between the volume of wate used in each month. The change inxs the diference between the numbers ofthe ‘mont. $3055 95a x omajnonthor seman 2.) The equation models exponential growth “This means that the average rate of change between consecutive years will alvays increase Ccraper 2: Functions: Understanding Rates of ChangeUse the difference quotient find the instantaneous rate of change HEMT) he hs very sal vale sc1o0) = 1.2¢108)" = toss oarars suo) = 12(145)" = 1.984673 552 8 627 473 — 1.954 673 552 0.09539 i 009529 10 950 ppl er ea Saye see cage pal 2H he nctin (= SEF 200 (2) = stay +2002) +1 2 S(O} + 20(0) +1 Tay Oa (a) = ~S(4y + 2008) 41 =I 2) = 21 = - m/s 1) = 2: Answers may vary For example: The raph has its vertex at (2,21). Ieappears that 3 tangent line a this pot woul be horizontal Y2o1) = f0.999, 0 aT 4. Use a centred interval. (2001) = 9GL@20M1¥' + OS@0a1 = 14009 001 HoLci999” + 05(1999) = 13.994 001 4(19.9) (2001) ~ (1999) “01 — 199 So the instantaneous rate of change in the glacie’s position after 20 days is about 0.9 mda as. [Advanced Funstions Solutions Manual 5. Answers may vary: For example 6. Answers may vary. For example: Find the value ‘fy for diferent values of «on both sides oF x= 2. Pt this information i a table ae Gamausaae | as [eaeweniaon| ae] Gameas wen] se [aaeaam ae The slope ofthe tangent ine at (2.9) is about 12 7. Examine the graph ‘The tangent line appears tobe passing through the points (1,0) and (2,4). Use this information to hep determine the slope ofthe tangeat line. ae ‘ar 0 =1 =4 “The slope of the line is 4{8 The instantancous ate of change ofthe function wise graph is shown is atx = 2 9.a) Answers may vary, For exarple “The slope is 0 cy ‘Tres ° The s a “The slope is 8 Lesson 2.4 Using Rates of Chanje'to™ Create a Graphical Model, pp. 1a) Graph indicates that as time increases, distance alsa increases; C 'b) Graph b indicates that a time increases, distance decreases: A {© Graph c indicates that 38 time increases, the distance does not change: B. 2. Graph indicates that distance is increasing at Steady rate overtime, meaning that the speed is ‘constant, However, graph b indicates that distance 's decreasing ata steady rate overtime this also indicates thatthe speed is coastan. Graph ¢ indicates that distance does not change So speed ie0,aconstant. AIL 3 ate coastant speed 3. Draw a graph of Jan's distance from the sensoe ‘ver time, Jam is 5 maseay from the sensor. which ‘means that her nial poston is (0, 3). She then walks 4m towards the sensor for 5 seconds, which ‘means that she wil be standing | m away from the Sensor Her second positon wil be (5. 1). She then walks 3 metres away for 3 seconds, which means that she wil be 4m asay from the sensor. Her thi position willbe (8,4), Jan then stops and waits for 2 seconds, which means she stays 4 m away fom the sensor for 2 seconds, Her fourth position will be (10,4). Use this information to dea the graph Jans Wall wf? s ° 5 0 Tine) 4a) Answers may vary. For example, draw a raph of Rachel's distance overtime while climbing ‘Mrs Fuji. Rachel begins the climb at Level 5 and so her initial position is (0, 2100). She walks for 40 minutes at a constant ate to move from Level 5 to Level 6 which means that her second position wil be (40,2400) It theo takes he ‘90 minutes to move fom Level 6 t0 Level 7, which smeans that hee tied position will be (130, 2700) Rachel then decides to rest for 2 hous, which ‘means that her position doesnot change. So her fourth postion s (250, 2700). After her break it took Rachel 40 minutes o reach Level 8. Her fitth postion is (290, 3100). 100k Rachel 45 minutes to go from Level 8 to Level 9. Her next postion is (0335, 100). After the walk fom Level 9 to Level 10, Rachel reached the top. Ths position can be represented as (395, 3740), ‘Use this information wo plot the graph Rachels cli h 800: 3500 B00. 1600. 00 2000; : eration) 0” Ga 260 300 400 Time (rin) ‘chapter 2: Functions: Understanding Rates of Change'b) Use the datapoints trom the previous question 9 O01)" 4499999 flO) = ~4Sc0s (2% 0)" a5 74.499 999 = (=45) PAS po001 oro ‘The number is very close wo zero, and so we can assume thatthe instantaneous fate of change at the points zero, and so the point is 2 maximum. 6. Examine te instantaneous rates of change on either side ofthe point in question, IFthe point the leftot the poit in question is negative then the point isa minimum, I the poin tothe let of the poin in {question is positive, then the point is maximum. Ite point to the ht of the point in question i Positive, then the point isa minimum. 1 he point the righ f the point in question s negative, then the point isa maximum, Use the difference quotient to Find the instantaneous rae of change, sas hfe where His a very smal value afl) = 8 ~ 4 £1) Examine «= 1 which st the let of (2,2). fUOL) = (LOLY = 4CL.01) + 5 Lor (= aayes ra) “The instantaneous rate of change of (1.2) is ‘negative and so (2,1) isa minimum byf(x) = — Ide + 575:( 6.41.75) Examine x = —5, which sto the right of 99) — 12(-499) + 575 = wn Hie Ae eee cee enee an was sor) = 9035 a0 “The instantaneous rae of change of (5.40.75) is 201, and 90 (6.41.75) i maximom. = -201 ©) fle) = 2 9x, (45, -2025) Famine © = 5, hich is the right of (45, -2025), (501 (so - 91501) “19890 AS) = (5 = 965) 20 = 19.890 = (20) ‘001 ‘The instantaneous cat of change at (5, ~20) i positive and so (45, =2025) isa minimum, 4) fle) ~ S08-« (0",3) Examine.x =I, whichis othe lt of (0°, 3) 101 (0.89) = 30s (0997) = 2.09955 FOU) = Seas (1) 299958 2.0994 geo OL The instantaneous rate of change at (— positive, and so (0,3) maximum, ©) f(x) = 8 = Be (-1.2) Examine + = 0, which 0 the right of (— 1.2) (0.01) = (0.01) ~ 3(0001) “ou29 999 oy = 310), 2.99) is 29990 ‘The instantaneous rate of change a (0,0) i ~ 2.9999, and so (~ 1,2) 8 a maxima, fx) = x1 + ae 1; 2.15) Examine x = 1, which so the left of (2,15) ALO) = = (LO1y’ + 12101) = oso? Jay = =) + 2G) = 0 1.0897 — 10 ST 0 507 The instantaneous at of change at (1,10) is 897, and so (2.15) isa maximo, 7. Use a able inspect several values of (1). 7