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MRI Principles (Advanced)

This document explains MRI principles from spin precession to k-space and pulse sequence. This document presents the most important concepts of MRI for both physicians and college students. Some real-word MRI images were used to explain some techniques being used on MRI scanners on daily basis.

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jiangbun
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85 views33 pages

MRI Principles (Advanced)

This document explains MRI principles from spin precession to k-space and pulse sequence. This document presents the most important concepts of MRI for both physicians and college students. Some real-word MRI images were used to explain some techniques being used on MRI scanners on daily basis.

Uploaded by

jiangbun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MRI Principles

Wen-Yang Chiang
Oct 13, 2007

Diffusion
Tractography
MRS

http://www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2004/b
raintumor.htm

HIFU

http://www.mrisprostatecancercenter.com/
dr-wheeler_the_prostate_center_hifu.html

Functional
MRI

Nuclear process within


external magnetic field
Nuclear spinning
generates micro magnet

B0

Provide spatial
information

MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The alignment of nuclear
Transform the received
spin using external
signal to image
magnetic field
Apply RF pulse which is
close to Larmor frequency
Resonance

Basic Physics

www.e-mri.org

Basic Physics

Nuclear Spin

www.e-mri.org

Basic Physics

Processing & Larmor Frequency

0 B0

www.e-mri.org

Basic Physics

Net Magnetization

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Excitation & Relaxation

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

90 Pulse

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

180 Pulse after 90 Pulse

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

180 Pulse

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Relaxation

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Slice Selection

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Slice Selection

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Frequency Encoding

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Frequency Encoding

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Phase Encoding

www.e-mri.org

Signal
Formation

Phase Encoding

www.e-mri.org

Signal Interpretation

Spatial Encoding
B

dB
g
dx

S ( g , t ) ( x )e jgxt dx

Different g or t

Signal Interpretation

Sinusoidal Encoding

greater gradient or longer t => higher frequency encoding

Signal Interpretation

B(x) = gx x

Spatial Encoding

B
C

x
C

Signal Interpretation

Sinusoidal Modulation
2D sinusoidal wave function

y
x

y-dir gradient
x-dir gradient

jgvt
S ( g , t ) (v )e
dv ,

v ( x, y )

Image Formation

MRI Reconstruction

Superposition of sinusoidal functions

jkv

1
(v )
S ( k )e
dk ,

v ( x, y )

k gt

Image Formation

Contrast

Image Formation

Contrast

www.e-mri.org

Spin Echo Sequence


ky

TR
90

180

echo

90

TE/2
RF

FID

Spin Echo

gz

kx

gy
gx

Scan time = TR x # ky lines x NEX

K-Space & Image Space

ky

Kmax

kx

Kmax = Kmax/2

Blurring

ky

Kmax

kx
k = 2 k

Aliasing

This is just the


beginning

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