CHAPTER 14

Financial Statement Analysis

ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE
Learning Objectives

Questions

Brief
Exercises

1.

Discuss the need for comparative

analysis.

1, 2, 3, 5

2.

Identify the tools of financial

statement analysis.

2, 3, 5, 6

3.

Explain and apply horizontal analysis.

3, 4

2, 3, 5, 6, 7

4.

Describe and apply vertical analysis.

3, 4

2, 4, 8

5.

Identify and compute ratios used

in analyzing a firms liquidity,
profitability, and solvency.

5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11,12, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19

2, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13

6.

Understand the concept of earning

power, and how discontinued
operations are presented.

20, 21, 22

14, 15

7.

Understand the concept of quality

of earnings.

23

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Do It!

Exercises

1, 4

1, 3, 4

Problems

2, 3, 4

2, 4

5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11

1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7

3, 4

12, 13

8, 9

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-1

ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLE

Problem
Number

14-2

Description

Difficulty
Level

Time
Allotted (min.)

Prepare vertical analysis and comment on profitability.

Simple

2030

Compute ratios from statement of financial position and

income statement.

Simple

2030

Perform ratio analysis, and evaluate financial position

and operating results.

Simple

2030

Compute ratios, and comment on overall liquidity and

profitability.

Moderate

3040

Compute selected ratios, and compare liquidity, profitability,

and solvency for two companies.

Moderate

5060

Compute numerous ratios.

Simple

3040

Compute missing information given a set of ratios.

Complex

3040

Prepare income statement with discontinued operations.

Moderate

3040

Prepare income statement with non-typical items.

Moderate

3040

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

WEYGANDT FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, IFRS EDITION, 2e

CHAPTER 14
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
Number

LO

BT

Difficulty

Time (min.)

BE1

Moderate

1012

BE2

25

K, AP

Simple

810

BE3

AP

Simple

68

BE4

AP

Simple

68

BE5

AP

Simple

46

BE6

AP

Simple

46

BE7

AP

Simple

46

BE8

AP

Simple

57

BE9

AP

Simple

46

BE10

AP

Simple

35

BE11

AN

Simple

68

BE12

AN

Moderate

68

BE13

AN

Moderate

68

BE14

AP

Simple

46

BE15

AP

Simple

35

DI1

AP

Simple

68

DI2

AP

Simple

1012

DI3

AP

Simple

68

DI4

3, 57

Simple

35

EX1

AP

Simple

1012

EX2

AP

Simple

1012

EX3

3, 4

AP

Simple

1215

EX4

3, 4

AP

Simple

1012

EX5

AN

Simple

810

EX6

AP

Simple

810

EX7

AP

Simple

68

EX8

AP

Simple

68

EX9

AP

Simple

68

EX10

AP

Moderate

810

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-3

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)

Number

LO

BT

Difficulty

Time (min.)

EX11

AP

Simple

1012

EX12

AN

Moderate

810

EX13

AP

Simple

68

P1

4, 5

AP, AN

Simple

2030

P2

AP

Simple

2030

P3

AP, AN

Simple

2030

P4

AP, AN

Moderate

3040

P5

AP, AN

Moderate

5060

P6

AP

Simple

3040

P7

AN

Complex

3040

P8

AP

Moderate

3040

P9

AP

Moderate

3040

BYP1

3, 5

AN, E

Moderate

2025

BYP2

3, 5

AN, E

Simple

1520

BYP3

C, E

Moderate

1520

BYP4

AP

Moderate

2025

BYP5

1, 7

Simple

1520

14-4

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e,Solutions Manual

Decision-Making
Across the
Organization
Communication

8. Broadening Your
Perspective

DI14-4

Q14-23
DI14-4

Q14-20
Q14-21
Q14-22

6. Understand the concept of

earning power, and how
discontinued operations are
presented.

Q14-14
Q14-15
Q14-16
Q14-17
Q14-18
DI14-4

Q14-5

7. Understand the concept of

quality of earnings.

Q14-5
Q14-7
Q14-9
Q14-10
Q14-11
Q14-12
Q14-13

Q14-3

5. Identify and compute ratios Q14-6

used in analyzing a firms Q14-8
liquidity, profitability, and BE14-2
solvency.

4. Describe and apply vertical BE14-2

analysis.

BE14-2

3. Explain and apply

horizontal analysis.

Q14-3
D1 14-4

Q14-2
Q14-3

Q14-6
BE14-2

2. Identify the tools of

financial statement
analysis.

Q14-5
BE14-1

Comprehension
Q14-1
Q14-2
Q14-3

Knowledge

1. Discuss the need for

comparative analysis.

Learning Objective

BE14-14
BE14-15
DI14-3

Q14-19
BE14-2
BE14-9
BE14-10
DI14-2
E14-6
E14-7

Q14-4
BE14-2
BE14-4
BE14-8

Q14-4
BE14-2
BE14-3
BE14-5
BE14-6

BE14-2

E14-13
P14-8
P14-9

E14-8
E14-9
E14-10
E14-11
P14-1
P14-2
P14-3
P14-4
P14-5
P14-6

E14-2
E14-3
E14-4

BE14-7
DI14-1
E14-1
E14-3
E14-4

Application

P14-2
P14-3
P14-4
P14-7

Financial Reporting
Comp. Analysis

E14-12

BE14-11
BE14-12
BE14-13
E14-5
P14-1

P14-1

Analysis

Synthesis

Financial Reporting
Comp. Analysis
Decision-Making Across
the Organization.
Ethics Case

Evaluation

Correlation Chart between Blooms Taxonomy, Learning Objectives and End-of-Chapter Exercises and Problems

BLOOMS TAXONOMY TABLE

(For Instructor Use Only)

14-5

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1.

(a) Kurt is not correct. There are three characteristics: liquidity, profitability, and solvency.
(b) The three parties are not primarily interested in the same characteristics of a company. Short-term
creditors are primarily interested in the liquidity of the company. In contrast, long-term creditors
and shareholders are primarily interested in the profitability and solvency of the company.

2.

(a) Comparison of financial information can be made on an intracompany basis, an intercompany

basis, and an industry average basis (or norms).
(1) An intracompany basis compares an item or financial relationship within a company in
the current year with the same item or relationship in one or more prior years.
(2) The industry averages basis compares an item or financial relationship of a company
with industry averages (or norms) published by financial rating services.
(3) An intercompany basis compares an item or financial relationship of one company with
the same item or relationship in one or more competing companies.
(b) The intracompany basis of comparison is useful in detecting changes in financial relationships
and significant trends within a company.
The industry averages basis provides information as to a companys relative performance
within the industry.
The intercompany basis of comparison provides insight into a companys competitive position.

3.

Horizontal analysis (also called trend analysis) measures the dollar and percentage increase or
decrease of an item over a period of time. In this approach, the amount of the item on one statement
is compared with the amount of that same item on one or more earlier statements. Vertical analysis
(also called common-size analysis) expresses each item within a financial statement in terms of a
percent of a base amount.

4.

(a) 350,000 X 1.224 = 428,400, 2014 net income.

(b) 350,000 .05 = 7,000,000, 2013 revenue.

5.

A ratio expresses the mathematical relationship between one quantity and another. The relationship
is expressed in terms of either a percentage (200%), a rate (2 times), or a simple proportion (2:1).
Ratios can provide clues to underlying conditions that may not be apparent from individual financial
statement components. The ratio is more meaningful when compared to the same ratio in earlier
periods or to competitors ratios or to industry ratios.

6.

(a) Liquidity ratios: Current ratio, acid-test ratio, accounts receivable turnover, and inventory
turnover.
(b) Solvency ratios: Debt to total assets and times interest earned.

7.

Gordon is correct. A single ratio by itself may not be very meaningful and is best interpreted by
comparison with: (1) past ratios of the same company, (2) ratios of other companies, or (3) industry
norms or predetermined standards. In addition, other ratios of the company are necessary to
determine overall financial well-being.

8.

(a) Liquidity ratios measure the short-term ability of a company to pay its maturing obligations
and to meet unexpected needs for cash.
(b) Profitability ratios measure the income or operating success of a company for a given period of time.
(c) Solvency ratios measure the ability of the company to survive over a long period of time.

14-6

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

Questions Chapter 14 (Continued)

9.

The current ratio relates current assets to current liabilities. The acid-test ratio relates cash, short-term
investments, and net receivables to current liabilities. The current ratio includes inventory and
prepaid expenses while the acid-test ratio excludes these. The acid-test ratio provides additional
information about short-term liquidity and is an important complement to the current ratio.

10.

Monte Company does not necessarily have a problem. The accounts receivable turnover ratio
can be misleading in that some companies encourage credit and revolving charge sales and slow
collections in order to earn a healthy return on the outstanding accounts receivable in the form of
high rates of interest.

11.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

12.

The price earnings (P/E) ratio is a reflection of investors assessments of a companys future
earnings. In this question, investors favor Microsoft because it has the higher P/E ratio. The investors
feel that Microsoft will be able to generate even higher future earnings and so the investors are
willing to pay more for the shares.

13.

The payout ratio is cash dividends divided by net income. In a growth company, the payout ratio is
often low because the company is reinvesting earnings in the business.

14.

(a) The increase in profit margin is good news because it means that a greater percentage of net
sales is going towards income.
(b) The decrease in inventory turnover signals bad news because it is taking the company longer
to sell the inventory and consequently there is a greater chance of inventory obsolescence.
(c) An increase in the current ratio signals good news because the company improved its ability
to meet maturing short-term obligations.
(d) The earnings per share ratio is a deceptive ratio. The decrease might be bad news to the
company because it could mean a decrease in net income. If there is an increase in shareholders
investment (as a result of issuing additional shares) and a decrease in EPS, then this means
that the additional investment is earning a lower return (as compared to the return on ordinary
shareholders equity before the additional investment). Generally, this is undesirable.
(e) The increase in the price-earnings ratio is generally good news because it means that the
market price per share has increased and investors are willing to pay that higher price for
the shares. An increase in the P/E ratio is good news for investors who own the shares and
dont want to buy any more. It is bad news for investors who want to buy (or buy more of) the
shares.
(f) The increase in the debt to total assets ratio is bad news because it means that the company
has increased its obligations to creditors and has lowered its equity buffer.
(g) The decrease in the times interest earned ratio is bad news because it means that the companys
ability to meet interest payments as they come due has weakened.

Asset turnover.
Inventory turnover.
Return on ordinary shareholders equity.
Times interest earned.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-7

Questions Chapter 14 (Continued)

15.

Net Income
Return on assets =
Average Assets
(7.6%)
Return on ordinary shareholders equity =
(12.8%)

Net Income Preference Dividends

Average Ordinary Shareholders' Equity

The difference between the two rates can be explained by looking at the denominator value and
by remembering the basic accounting equation, A = L + E. The asset value will clearly be the larger
of the two denominator values; therefore, it will also give the smaller return.
16.

(a) The times interest earned ratio, which is an indication of the companys ability to meet interest
payments, and the debt to total assets ratio, which indicates the companys ability to withstand
losses without impairing the interests of creditors.
(b) The current ratio and the acid-test ratio, which indicate a companys liquidity and short-term
debt-paying ability.
(c) The earnings per share and the return on ordinary shareholders equity, both of which indicate the
earning power of the investment.

17.

Earnings per share means earnings per ordinary share. Preference share dividends are
subtracted from net income in computing EPS in order to obtain income available to ordinary
shareholders.

18.

(a) Trading on the equity means that the company has borrowed money at a lower rate of interest
than it is able to earn by using the borrowed money. Simply stated, it is using money supplied
by non-owners to increase the return to the owners.
(b) A comparison of the return on total assets with the rate of interest paid for borrowed money
indicates the profitability of trading on the equity.

19.

Net income Preference dividends

= Earnings per share
Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding

R$160,000 R$30,000
= R$2.60
50,000
EPS of R$2.60 is high relative to what? Is it high relative to last years EPS? The president may
be comparing the EPS of R$2.60 to the market price of the companys stock.
20.

Discontinued operations refers to the disposal of a significant component of the business such as
the stopping of an entire activity or eliminating a major class of customers. It is important to report
discontinued operations separately from continuing operations because the discontinued component
will not affect future income statements.

21.

EPS on income from continuing operations usually is more relevant to an investment decision
than EPS on net income. Income from continuing operations represents the results of continuing
and ordinary business activity. It is therefore a better basis for predicting future operating results
than an EPS figure which includes the effect of discontinued operations that are not expected to
recur again in the foreseeable future.

14-8

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

Questions Chapter 14 (Continued)

22.

When comparing EPS trends, discontinued operations should be omitted since they are not
reflective of normal operations. In this example, the trend is unfavorable because EPS, exclusive of
discontinued operations, has decreased from $3.20 to $2.99.

23.

(1) Use of alternative accounting methods. Variations among companies in the application of
IFRS may hamper comparability.
(2) Use of pro forma income measures that do not follow IFRS. Pro forma income is calculated
by excluding items that the company believes are unusual or nonrecurring. It is often difficult
to determine what was included and excluded.
(3) Improper revenue and expense recognition. Many high-profile cases of inappropriate accounting
involve recording items in the wrong period.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-9

SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-1
Dear Uncle Liam,
It was so good to hear from you! I hope you and Aunt Doreen are still
enjoying your new house.
You asked some interesting questions. They relate very well to the material
that we are studying now in my financial accounting class. You said you
heard that different users of financial statements are interested in different
characteristics of companies. This is true. A short-term creditor, such as a bank,
is interested in the companys liquidity, or ability to pay obligations as they
become due. The liquidity of a borrower is extremely important in evaluating
the safety of a loan. A long-term creditor, such as a bondholder, would be
interested in solvency, the companys ability to survive over a long period
of time. A long-term creditor would also be interested in profitability. They
are interested in the likelihood that the company will survive over the life of the
debt and be able to meet interest payments. Shareholders are also interested
in profitability, and in the solvency of the company. They want to assess the
likelihood of dividends and the growth potential of the shares.
It is important to compare different financial statement elements to other
items. The amount of a financial statement element such as cash does not have
much meaning unless it is compared to something else. Comparisons can
be done on an intracompany basis. This basis compares an item or financial
relationship within a company for the current year to one or more previous
years. Intracompany comparisons are useful in detecting changes in financial
relationships and significant trends. Comparisons can also be done with
industry averages. This basis compares an item or financial relationship
with industry averages or norms. Comparisons with industry averages provide
information as to a companys relative performance within the industry. Finally,
comparisons can be done on an intercompany basis. This basis compares
an item or financial relationship with the same item or relationship in one or more
competing companies. Intercompany comparisons are useful in determining
a companys competitive position.
I hope this answers your questions. If it does not, or you have more questions,
please write me again or call. We could even meet for lunch sometime; it
would be great to see you!
Love,
Your niece (or nephew)
14-10

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-2

(a) The three tools of financial statement analysis are horizontal analysis,
vertical analysis, and ratio analysis. Horizontal analysis evaluates a series
of financial statement data over a period of time. Vertical analysis evaluates financial statement data by expressing each item in a financial
statement as a percent of a base amount. Ratio analysis expresses the
relationship among selected items of financial statement data.
(b) Horizontal Analysis
2012
100%

Current assets

2013
105%

2014
109%

(105% = $230,000/$220,000; 109% = $240,000/$220,000)

Vertical Analysis
2012
44%

Current assets*

2013
38%

2014
38%

*as a percentage of total assets

(44% = $220,000/$500,000; 38% = $230,000/$600,000;
38% = $240,000/$630,000)
Ratio Analysis
2012
1.38

Current ratio

2013
1.35

2014
1.30

(1.38 = $220,000/$160,000; 1.35 = $230,000/$170,000;

1.30 = $240,000/$184,000)
BRIEF EXERCISE 14-3
Horizontal analysis:
Increase
or (Decrease)
Dec. 31, 2014 Dec. 31, 2013
Inventory
Accounts receivable
Total assets

840,000
520,000
2,500,000
340,000
= .68
500,000

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

500,000
350,000
3,000,000

Amount

Percentage

340,000
170,000
(500,000)

68%
49%
(17)%

170,000
= .49
350,000

(500,000)
= (.17)
3,000,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-11

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-4

Vertical analysis:
Dec. 31, 2014
Inventory
Accounts receivable
Total assets

Dec. 31, 2013

Amount

Percentage*

Amount

Percentage**

840,000
520,000
2,500,000

33.6%
20.8%
100%

500,000
350,000
3,000,000

16.7%
11.7%
100%

* 840,000
= .336
2,500,000

** 500,000
= .167
3,000,000

* 520,000
= .208
2,500,000

** 350,000
= .117
3,000,000

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-5

Net income

2014

2013

2012

$525,000

$475,000

$550,000

Increase or (Decrease)
(a) 20122013
(b) 20132014

Amount

Percentage

(75,000)
(50,000)

(14%)
(11%)

75,000
= .14
550,000

50,000
= .11
475,000

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-6

Net income
X .40 =

2014

2013

Increase

$560,000

40%

$560,000 X
X

.40X = $560,000 X

14-12

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-6 (Continued)

1.40X = $560,000
X = $400,000
2013 Net income = $400,000
BRIEF EXERCISE 14-7
Comparing the percentages presented results in the following conclusions:
The net income for Kemplar increased in 2013 because of the combination
of an increase in sales revenue and a decrease in both cost of goods sold and
expenses. However, the reverse was true in 2014 as sales revenue decreased
while both cost of goods sold and expenses increased. This resulted in a
decrease in net income.

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-8

Sales revenue
Cost of goods sold
Expenses
Net income

2014

2013

2012

100.0
59.2
25.0
15.8

100.0
62.4
25.6
12.0

100.0
64.5
27.5
8.0

Net income as a percent of sales revenue for Dagman increased over the
three-year period because cost of goods sold and expenses both decreased
as a percent of sales every year.

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-9

(a) Working capital = Current assets Current liabilities
Current assets
Current liabilities
Working capital

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

46,690,000
40,600,000
6,090,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-13

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-9 (Continued)

(b) Current ratio:

Current assets
46,690,000
=
Current liabilities
40,600,000
= 1.15:1
(c) Acid-test ratio:

Cash + Short-term investments

+ Receivables (net)
Current liabilities

8,113,000 + 4,947,000 + 12,545,000

40,600,000

25,605,000
40,600,000

= .63:1
BRIEF EXERCISE 14-10
(a) Asset turnover =

Net sales
Average assets
$88,000,000
$14,000,000 + $18,000,000
2

= 5.5 times

(b) Profit margin

Net income
Net sales

$12,760,000
$88,000,000

= 14.5%
14-14

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-11

(a) Accounts receivable turnover =

Net credit sales

Average net accounts receivable

2014

2013

(1)

$3,745,000
= 7.0 times
$535,000*
*($520,000 + $550,000) 2

$3,000,000
= 6.0 times
$500,000**
**($480,000 + $520,000) 2

(2)

Average collection period

365
= 52.1 days
7.0

365
= 60.8 days
6.0

(b) Gladow Company should be pleased with the effectiveness of its credit
and collection policies. The company has decreased the average collection
period by 8.7 days and the collection period of approximately 52 days
is well within the 60 days allowed in the credit terms.
BRIEF EXERCISE 14-12
(a) Inventory turnover =
(1)

Cost of goods sold

Average inventory

2014

2013

$ 4,400,000
= 4.4 times
$ 980,000 + $ 1,020,000

Beginning inventory
Purchases
Goods available for sale
Ending inventory
Cost of goods sold

$ 4,600,000
= 5.0 times
$ 860,000 + $ 980,000

$ 980,000

$ 860,000

4,440,000
5,420,000
1,020,000
$4,400,000

4,720,000
5,580,000
980,000
$4,600,000

(2) Days in inventory

365
= 83.0 days
4.4

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

365
= 73.0 days
5.0

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-15

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-12 (Continued)

(b) Management should be concerned with the fact that inventory is moving
slower in 2014 than it did in 2013. The decrease in the turnover could be
because of poor pricing decisions or because the company is stuck
with obsolete inventory.

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-13

Payout ratio =

.20 =

Cash dividends
Net income
X
$68,000

X = $68,000 (.20) = $13,600

Cash dividends = $13,600
Return on assets =

Net income
Average assets
.16 =

$68,000
X

.16X = $68,000
X=

$68,000
.16

X = $425,000
Average assets = $425,000

14-16

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-14

MING CORPORATION
Partial Income Statement
Income before income taxes ..........................................
Income tax expense ($400,000 X 30%) ..........................
Income from continuing operations ..............................
Discontinued operations
Income from operations of retail division,
net of $3,000 tax (10,000 X 30%) $ 7,000
Loss on disposal of retail division, net of
$24,000 tax saving ($80,000 X 30%).. (56,000)
Net income .......................................................................................

$400,000
120,000
280,000

(49,000)
$231,000

BRIEF EXERCISE 14-15

BLEVINS CORPORATION
Partial Income Statement
Loss from operations of European facilities, net
of 105,000 income tax saving (350,000 X 30%) ..
Loss on disposal of European facilities, net of
45,000 income tax saving (150,000 X 30%).........

245,000
105,000 350,000

SOLUTIONS FOR DO IT! REVIEW EXERCISES

DO IT! 14-1

Plant assets
Current assets
Total assets

Amount
$71,000
(26,000)
$ 45,000

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Increase (Decrease) in 2014

Percent
9.5% [($821,000 $750,000) $750,000]
(11.6)% [($199,000 $225,000) $225,000]
4.6% [($1,020,000 $975,000) $975,000]

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-17

DO IT! 14-2
2014
(a) Current ratio:
1,350 900 =
1,343 810 =

1.50:1

(b) Inventory turnover:

984/[(430 + 390) 2)] =
895/[(390 + 326) 2)]=

2.40 times

1.66:1

2.50 times

(c) Profit margin:

364 4,000 =
213 3,600 =

9.1%
5.9%

(d) Return on assets:

364/[(2,310 + 2,243) 2)] =
213/[(2,243 + 2,100) 2)] =

16.0%

(e) Return on ordinary shareholders equity:

364/[(1,020 + 1,040) 2)] =
213/[1,040 + 960) 2)] =

35.3%

(f)

Debt to total assets ratio:

1,290 2,310 =
1,203 2,243 =

(g) Times interest earned:

(364 + 242 + 10) 10 =
(213 + 142 + 20) 20 =

14-18

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2013

9.8%

21.3%
55.8%
53.6%
62 times
19 times

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

DO IT! 14-3
GRINDERS CORPORATION
Income Statement (Partial)
Income before income taxes .........................................
Income tax expense .......................................................
Income from continuing operations .............................
Discontinued operations
Loss from operations of music
division, net of $21,000 income tax saving ........
Gain from disposal of music
division, net of $14,000, taxes .............................
Net income ......................................................................

$500,000
175,000
325,000
$39,000
26,000

(13,000)
$312,000

DO IT! 14-4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Current ratio:

A measure used to evaluate a companys

liquidity.
Pro forma income:
Usually excludes items that a company
thinks are unusual or non-recurring.
Quality of earnings:
Indicates the level of full and transparent
information provided to users of the
financial statements.
Discontinued operations: The disposal of a significant component of a
business.
Horizontal analysis:
Determines increases or decreases in a
series of financial statement data.
Comprehensive income: Includes all changes in equity during a
period except those resulting from
investments by shareholders and
distributions to shareholders.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-19

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
EXERCISE 14-1
GALLUP INC.
Condensed Statements of Financial Position
December 31
Increase or (Decrease)
2014

2013

Amount

Percentage

$396,000
128,000
$524,000

$330,000
100,000
$430,000

($66,000
( 28,000
$94,000

(20.0%)
(28.0%)
(21.9%)

$ 159,000
135,300
294,300

$ 115,000
150,000
265,000

(
$44,000)
((14,700))
(
29,300)

(38.3%)
(((9.8%))
( 11.1%)

138,700
91,000
229,700

95,000
70,000
165,000

( 43,700
21,000
( 64,700)

$524,000

$430,000

($94,000)

Assets
Plant assets (net)
Current assets
Total assets
Equity
Share capital
ordinary, $1 par
Retained earnings
Total equity
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Current liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity and
liabilities

14-20

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

(46.0%)
30.0%
( 39.2%)
21.9%

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

EXERCISE 14-2
CONARD CORPORATION
Condensed Income Statements
For the Years Ended December 31
2014
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Selling expenses
Administrative expenses
Total operating expenses
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income

2013

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

750,000
480,000
270,000
105,000
75,000
180,000
90,000
36,000
54,000

100.0%
64.0%
36.0%
14.0%
10.0%
24.0%
12.0%
4.8%
7.2%

600,000
408,000
192,000
84,000
54,000
138,000
54,000
18,000
36,000

100.0%
68.0%
32.0%
14.0%
9.0%
23.0%
9.0%
3.0%
6.0%

EXERCISE 14-3
(a)

GARCIA CORPORATION
Condensed Statements of Financial Position
December 31

2014
Assets
Intangibles
Property, plant &
equipment (net)
Current assets
Total assets

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2013

Percentage
Increase
Change
(Decrease) from 2013

$ 24,000 $ 40,000

$ (16,000)

(40.0%)

100,000
90,000
76,000
80,000
$200,000 $210,000

( 10,000)
(4,000)
$(10,000)

( 11.1%)
(5.0%)
(4.8%)

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-21

EXERCISE 14-3 (Continued)

GARCIA CORPORATION
Condensed Statements of Financial Position (Continued)
December 31

2014
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Non-current
liabilities
Current liabilities
Total equity and
liabilities

(b)

14-22

2013

Percentage
Increase
Change
(Decrease) from 2013
$ 8,000

66.7%

150,000
48,000

(10,000)
(8,000)

(6.7%)
((16.7%))

$200,000 $210,000

$(10,000)

(4.8%)

$ 20,000 $ 12,000
140,000
40,000

GARCIA CORPORATION
Condensed Statements of Financial Position
December 31, 2014
Amount

Percent

Assets
Intangibles
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
Current assets
Total assets

$ 24,000
100,000
76,000
$200,000

12.0%
50.0%
38.0%
100.0%

Equity and liabilities

Equity
Non-current liabilities
Current liabilities
Total equity and liabilities

$ 20,000
140,000
40,000
$200,000

10%
70%
20%
100%

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

EXERCISE 14-4
(a)

HENDI CORPORATION
Condensed Income Statements
For the Years Ended December 31
Increase or (Decrease)
During 2013
2014
Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Net income

(b)

2013

Amount

$600,000

$500,000

$100,000

468,000
132,000
60,000
$ 72,000

400,000
100,000
54,000
$ 46,000

68,000
32,000
6,000
$ 26,000

Percentage
20.0%
17.0%
32.0%
11.1%
56.5%

HENDI CORPORATION
Condensed Income Statements
For the Years Ended December 31
2014

Net sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Net income

2013

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

$600,000

100.0%
78.0%
22.0%
10.0%
12.0%

$500,000

100.0%
80.0%
20.0%
10.8%
9.2%

468,000
132,000
60,000
$ 72,000

400,000
100,000
54,000
$ 46,000

EXERCISE 14-5
(a) Current ratio = 2.0:1 ($4,054 $2,014)
Acid-test ratio = 1.4:1 ($2,830 $2,014)
Accounts receivable turnover = 4.2 times ($8,258 $1,988.5)*
Inventory turnover = 5.9 times ($5,328 $899)**
*($2,035 + $1,942) 2
**(898 + 900) 2

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-23

EXERCISE 14-5 (Continued)

(b)

Ratio
Current
Acid-test
Accounts receivable
turnover
Inventory turnover

Nordstrom

Park Street

Industry

2.0:1
1.4:1

2.05:1
1.05:1

1.70:1
.70:1

4.2
5.9

37.2
3.1

46.4
4.3

Nordstrom is similar to Park Street for the current and acid-test ratios
but significantly below for the accounts receivable turnover.
Nordstrom is much better than Park Street for the inventory turnover.
Nordstrom is better than the industry average for the current and acidtest ratios but below the industry average for the accounts receivable
turnover. Its inventory turnover ratio however is higher than the industry
average.

EXERCISE 14-6
(a) Current ratio as of February 1, 2014 = 2.8:1 (R$140,000 R$50,000).
Feb. 3
7
11
14
18

2.8:1
2.2:1
2.2:1
2.6:1
2.3:1

No change in total current assets or liabilities.

(R$112,000 R$50,000).
No change in total current assets or liabilities.
(R$100,000 R$38,000).
(R$100,000 R$43,000).

(b) Acid-test ratio as of February 1, 2014 = 2.5:1 (R$125,000* R$50,000).

* R$140,000 R$10,000 R$5,000
Feb. 3
7
11
14
18

14-24

2.5:1
1.9:1
1.9:1
2.2:1
1.9:1

No change in total quick assets or current liabilities.

(R$97,000 R$50,000).
(R$94,000 R$50,000).
(R$82,000 R$38,000).
(R$82,000 R$43,000).

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

EXERCISE 14-7
(a)

$140,000
= 2.8:1.
$50,000

(b)

$80,000
= 1.6:1.
$50,000

(c)

$390,000
= 6.5 times.
$60,000 (1)

(d)

$187,000
= 3.4 times.
$55,000 (2)
(1)

$70,000 + $50,000
2

(2)

$60,000 + $50,000
2

EXERCISE 14-8
42,000
= 6.0%.
700,000

(a) Profit margin

700,000
= 1.25 times.
540,000 + 580,000

(b) Asset turnover

42,000
= 7.5%.
560,000

(c) Return on assets

(d) Return on ordinary shareholders

equity

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

42,000
= 11.2%.
325,000 + 425,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-25

EXERCISE 14-9
(a)

$60,000 $6,000
= $1.80.
30,000 shares

(b)

$10.80
= 6.0 times.
$1.80

(c)

$21,000
= 35%.
$60,000

(d)

$60,000 + $14,000 + $17,000

$91,000
=
= 6.5 times.
$14,000
$14,000

EXERCISE 14-10
(a) Inventory turnover = 3.4 =

Cost of goods sold

200,000 + 180,000

3.4 X 190,000 = Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold = 646,000.
(b) Accounts receivable turnover = 8.8 =

Net sales (credit)

73,000 + 126,000

8.8 X 99,500 = Net sales (credit) = 875,600.

(c) Return on ordinary shareholders equity = 25% =

Net income
400,000 + 134,000 + 400,000 + 122,000

2
.25 X 528,000 = Net income = 132,000.

14-26

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

EXERCISE 14-10 (Continued)

(d) Return on assets = 20% =

Average assets =

132,000 [see (c) above]

Average assets

132,000
= 660,000
.20

Total assets (Dec. 31, 2014) + 650,000

= 660,000
2
Total assets (Dec. 31, 2014) = (660,000 X 2) 650,000 = 670,000.
EXERCISE 14-11
(a)

($4,300 + $22,000+ $10,000)/$12,000 = 3.03:1

(b) ($4,300 + $22,000)/$12,000 = 2.19:1

(c)

$100,000/[($22,000 + $24,000)/2] = 4.35 times

(d) $60,350/[($10,000 + $7,000)/2] = 7.10 times

(e)

$14,000/$100,000 = 14%

(f)

$100,000/[($111,300 + $120,700)/2] = .86 times

(g) $14,000/[($111,300 + $120,700)/2] = 12.1%

(h) $14,000/[($99,300 + $89,600)/2] = 14.8%
(i)

$12,000/$111,300 = 10.8%

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-27

EXERCISE 14-12
(a)

DOUGLAS CORPORATION
Partial Income Statement
For the Year Ended October 31, 2014
Income before income taxes ......................................
Income tax expense (550,000 X 30%) ......................
Income from continuing operations .
Discontinued operations
Loss from operations of discontinued
division, net of 18,000 income
tax saving. 42,000
Loss from disposal of discontinued
division, net of 27,000 income
tax savings
63,000
Net income....................................................................

(b) To:

550,000
165,000
385,000

(105,000)
280,000

Chief Accountant

From: Your name, Independent Auditor

After reviewing your income statement for the year ended 10/31/14, we
believe it is misleading for the following reasons:
The amount reported for income before discontinued operations is
overstated by 45,000. The income tax expense should be 30% of
550,000, or 165,000, not 120,000.
Also, the effect of the loss from the discontinued division on net income
is only 105,000, not 150,000. An income tax savings of 45,000 should
be netted against the loss on the discontinued division.

14-28

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

EXERCISE 14-13

(a)

MAULDER CORPORATION
Partial Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Income from continuing operations.......................................
Discontinued operations
Gain on discontinued division, net of $10,500
income taxes......................................................
Net income ...............................................................................

$290,000
24,500
$314,500

(b) The correction of an error in last years financial statements is a prior period
adjustment. The correction is reported in the 2014 retained earnings
statement as an adjustment that increases the reported beginning balance
of retained earnings by $17,500, or [$25,000 ($25,000 X 30%)].

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-29

SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 14-1

(a)

Condensed Income Statement

For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Lionel Company
Dollars
Percent
$1,549,035 100.0%
Net sales
1,053,345
Cost of goods sold
68.0%
Gross profit
495,690
32.0%
Operating expenses
278,825
18.0%
Income from operations
216,865
14.0%
Interest expense
7,745
.5%
Income before income taxes
209,120
13.5%
Income tax expense
61,960
4.0%
Net income
$ 147,160
9.5%

Barrymore
Company
Dollars Percent
$339,038
237,325
101,713
77,979
23,734
2,034
21,700
8,476
$ 13,224

100.0%
70.0%
30.0%
23.0%
7.0%
.6%
6.4%
2.5%
3.9%

(b) Lionel Company appears to be more profitable. It has higher relative

gross profit, income from operations, income before taxes, and net income.
$147,160 a
Lionels return on assets of 15.0%
is higher than Barrymores
$981, 067
$13,224 b
return on assets of 6.0%
. Also, Lionels return on ordinary
$220,400
$147,160 c
shareholders equity of 18.0%
is higher than Barrymores
$817, 556
$13,224 d
return on ordinary shareholders equity of 7.0%
.
$188,914

14-30

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-1 (Continued)

a

$147,160 is Lionels 2014 net income. $981,067 is Lionels 2014

average assets:
Plant assets
Current assets
Total assets

2014
2013
$596,920
$575,610
401,584
388,020
$998,504 + $963,630 =

$1,962,134
2

$13,224 is Barrymores 2014 net income. $220,400 is Barrymores 2014

average assets:
Plant assets
Current assets
Total assets

2014
2013
$142,842
$128,927
86,450
82,581
$229,292 + $211,508 =

$440,800
2

$147,160 is Lionels 2014 net income. $817,556 is Lionels 2014

average ordinary shareholders equity:
Share capital ordinary
Retained earnings
Total equity

2014
2013
$578,765
$578,765
252,224
225,358
$830,989 + $804,123 =

$1,635,112
2

$13,224 is Barrymores 2014 net income. $188,914 is Barrymores

2014 average ordinary shareholders equity:
Share capital ordinary
Retained earnings
Total equity

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2014
2013
$137,435
$137,435
55,528
47,430
$192,963 + $184,865 =

$377, 828
2

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-31

PROBLEM 14-2

(a) Earnings per share =

R$192,000
= R$3.20.
60,000

(b) Return on ordinary shareholders equity =

R$192,000
R$465,400 + R$542,600

2
R$ 192,000
R$ 504,000

= 38.1%.

(c) Return on assets =

(d) Current ratio =

R$345,800
= 1.70:1
R$203,500

(e) Acid-test ratio =

(f)

R $ 192,000
R$192,000
= 21.3%.
=
R$899,450
R$852,800 + R $ 946,100

R$234,850
= 1.15:1
R$203,500

Accounts receivable turnover =

R$1,818,500
(R$102,800 + R$105,750 )

R$1,818,500
R$104,275

= 17.4 times.

14-32

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-2 (Continued)

R $ 1,011,500
R$1,011,500
=
R$113,225
R$115,500 + R $ 110,950

2
= 8.9 times.

(g) Inventory turnover =

(h) Times interest earned =

(i)

Asset turnover =

R$291,000
= 19.4 times.
R$15,000

R$1,818,500
= 2.0 times.
R$899,450*

*(R$852,800 + R$946,100) 2

(j)

Debt to total assets =

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

R$403,500
= 42.6%.
R$946,100

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-33

PROBLEM 14-3

(a)

2013

2014

(1) Profit margin.

$32,000
= 5.0%
$640,000

$42,000
= 6.0%
$700,000

(2) Asset turnover.

$640,000

$533,000 + $600,000

= 1.1 times

$700,000

$600,000 + $640,000

= 1.1 times

(3) Earnings per share.

$32,000
= $1.03
31,000

$42,000
= $1.31
32,000

(4) Price-earnings ratio.

$5.00
= 4.9 times
$1.03

$8.00
= 6.1 times
$1.31

(5) Payout ratio.

$20,000 *
= 62.5%
$32,000

$22,000 **
= 52.4%
$42,000

*($113,000 + $32,000 $125,000)

**($125,000 + $42,000 $145,000)

(6) Debt to total assets.

$160,000
= 26.7%
$600,000

14-34

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

$150,000
= 23.4%
$640,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-3 (Continued)

(b) The underlying profitability of the corporation appears to have improved.
For example, profit margin and earnings per share have both increased.
In addition, the corporations price-earnings ratio has increased, which
suggests that investors may be looking more favorably at the corporation.
Also, the corporation appears to be involved in attempting to reduce
its debt burden as its debt to total assets ratio has decreased. Similarly,
its payout ratio has decreased, which should help its overall solvency.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-35

PROBLEM 14-4
(a) LIQUIDITY
2012

2013

Change

Current

343,000
= 1.9:1
182,000

374,000
=1.9:1
192,000

No change

Acid-test

185,000
= 1.0:1
182,000

220,000
= 1.1:1
192,000

Increase

Accounts
receivable
turnover

798,000
858,000
= 9.5 times
= 9.6 times
84,000*
89,000**

*(88,000 + 80,000) 2
Inventory
turnover

Increase

**(80,000 + 98,000) 2

575,000
611,000
= 4.5 times
= 4.7 times Increase
126,500*
130,000**

*(118,000 + 135,000) 2

**(135,000 + 125,000) 2

An overall increase in short-term liquidity has occurred.

PROFITABILITY
Profit
margin

42,000
= 5.3%
798,000

Asset
turnover

798,000
858,000
= 1.2 times
= 1.3 times Increase
640,000 *
660,000 * *

*(632,000 + 648,000) 2

42,500
= 5.0%
858,000

Decrease

**(648,000 + 672,000) 2

Return on
assets

42,000
= 6.6%
640,000

42,500
= 6.4%
660,000

Decrease

Earnings
per share

42,000
= $2.10
20,000

42,500
= $2.13
20,000

Increase

Profitability has remained relatively the same.

14-36

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-4 (Continued)

(b)

2013
1.

2014

Change

Return on
ordinary
shareholders
equity

323,000 (a)

2.

Debt to total
assets

342,000 (c)
242,000
= 50.9%
= 34.6%
672,000
700,000

Decrease

3.

Price-earnings
ratio

9.00
= 4.2 times
2.13

Increase

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(200,000 + 130,000 + 200,000 + 116,000) 2.

(380,000 + 180,000 + 200,000 + 130,000) 2.
100,000 + 48,000 + 44,000 + 150,000.
50,000 20,000.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

42,500

= 13.2%

50,000
445,000 (b)

= 11.2% Decrease

12.50
= 5.0 times
2.50 (d)

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-37

PROBLEM 14-5

(a)

Ratio

Target

Wal-Mart

(All Dollars Are in Millions)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)

Current
Accounts receivable
turnover
Average collection
period
Inventory turnover
Days in inventory
Profit margin
Asset turnover
Return on assets
Return on ordinary
shareholders equity
Debt to total assets
Times interest earned

1.7:1

($17,213 $10,070)

10.3

($67,390 $6,560)

35.4
6.2
58.9
4.3%
1.5
6.6%

(365 10.3)
($45,725 $7,388)
(365 6.2)
($2,920 $67,390)
($67,390 $44,119a)
($2,920 $44,119a)

18.9% ($2,920 $15,417b)

64.6% ($28,218 $43,705)
6.9
($5,252 $757)

($43,705 + $44,533) 2
($15,487 + $15,347) 2

.9:1

($48,331 $55,561)

100.6

($405,046 $4,025)

3.6
9.0
40.6
3.5%
2.4
8.6%

(365 100.6)
($304,657 $33,836)
(365 9.0)
($14,335 $405,046)
($405,046 $167,067.5c)
($14,335 $167,067.5c)

21.1% ($14,335 $68,017d)

58.6% ($99,957 $170,706)
12.4 ($23,358 $1,884)

($170,706 + $163,429) 2
($70,749 + $65,285) 2

(b) The comparison of the two companies shows the following:

LiquidityTargets current ratio of 1.7:1 is significantly better than
Wal-Marts .9:1. However, Wal-Mart has a better inventory turnover ratio
than Target and its accounts receivable turnover is substantially better than
Targets.
ProfitabilityWith the exception of profit margin, Wal-Mart betters
Target in all of the profitability ratios. Thus, it is more profitable than Target.
SolvencyWal-Mart betters Target in both of the solvency ratios. Thus, it
is more solvent than Target.

14-38

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-6

(a) Current ratio =

204,000
= 1.5:1.
134,000

(b) Acid-test ratio =

21,000 + 18,000 + 85,000

= 0.93:1.
134,000
500,000
(85,000 + 75,000)

2
= 6.3 times.

(c) Accounts receivable turnover =

(d) Inventory turnover =

(e) Profit margin ratio =

(f)

Asset turnover =

315,000
= 4.5 times.
80,000 + 60,000

2
36,700
= 7.3%.
500,000

500,000
= 0.8 times.
627,000 + 551,000

(g) Return on assets =

36,700
= 6.2%.
627,000 + 551,000

2
36,700
373,000 + 350,000

2
= 10.2%.

(h) Return on ordinary shareholders equity =

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-39

PROBLEM 14-6 (Continued)

(i)

Earnings per share =

36,700
= 1.22.
30,000 (1)

(1) 150,000 5.00

(j)

Price-earnings ratio =

(k) Payout ratio =

19.50
= 16.0 times.
1.22

13,700 (2)
= 37.3%.
36,700

(2) 200,000 + 36,700 223,000

(l)

Debt to total assets =

254,000
= 40.5%.
627,000

(m) Times interest earned =

64,200 (3)
= 8.6 times.
7,500

(3) 36,700 + 20,000 + 7,500

14-40

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-7

Accounts receivable turnover = 10 =

$10,500,000
Average net accounts receivable

Average net accounts receivable =

$10,500,000
= $1,050,000
10

Net accounts receivable 12/31/14 + $950,000

= $1,050,000
2
Net accounts receivable 12/31/14 + $950,000 = $2,100,000
Net accounts receivable 12/31/14 = $1,150,000
Profit margin = 14.5% = .145 =

Net income
$10,500,000

Net income = $10,500,000 X .145 = $1,522,500

Income before income taxes = $1,522,500 + $550,000 = $2,072,500
Return on assets = 20% = .20 =

$1,522,500
Average assets

Average assets = $1,522,500 .20 = $7,612,500

Assets (12/31/14)+ $7,500,000
= $7,612,500
2
Assets (12/31/14) = $7,725,000
Total current assets = $7,725,000 $4,620,000 = $3,105,000
Inventory = $3,105,000 $1,150,000 $480,000 = $1,475,000
Total liabilities and equity = $7,725,000
Total liabilities = $7,725,000 $3,400,000 = $4,325,000

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-41

PROBLEM 14-7 (Continued)

Current ratio = 3.0 =

$3,105,000
Current liabilities

Current liabilities = $3,105,000 3.0 = $1,035,000

Long-term notes payable = $4,325,000 $1,035,000 = $3,290,000

Inventory turnover = 4.2 =

Cost of goods sold

$1,720,000 + $1,475,000

Cost of goods sold = $1,597,500 X 4.2 = $6,709,500

Gross profit = $10,500,000 $6,709,500 = $3,790,500
Income from operations = $3,790,500 $1,500,000 = $2,290,500
Interest expense = $2,290,500 $2,072,500 = $218,000

14-42

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

PROBLEM 14-8

VIOLET BICK CORPORATION

Condensed Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Operating revenues
(12,900,000 2,000,000) ........................
Operating expenses
(8,700,000 2,500,000) ..........................
Income from operations................................
Other income and expense...........................
Income before income taxes ........................
Income tax expense (4,500,000 X 30%)......
Income from continuing operations.............
Discontinued operations
Loss from operations of hotel
chain*, net of 150,000 income
tax saving ...........................................
Gain on sale of hotels, net of
90,000 income taxes ........................
Net income .....................................................
*2,000,000 2,500,000 = (500,000)

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

10,900,000
6,200,000
4,700,000
200,000
4,500,000
1,350,000
3,150,000

(350,000)
210,000

(140,000)
3,010,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-43

PROBLEM 14-9

GOWER CORPORATION
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Net sales .............................................................
Cost of goods sold.............................................
Gross profit.........................................................
Selling and administrative expenses ...............
Income from operations ....................................
Other income and expense ...............................
Income before income taxes .............................
Income tax expense ($334,000 X 30%) .............
Income from continuing operations .................
Discontinued operations
Income from operations of discontinued
division, net of $4,500 income taxes .......
Loss on sale of discontinued division,
net of $24,000 income tax saving..........
Net income .........................................................

14-44

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

$1,600,000
1,100,000
500,000
160,000
340,000
(6,000)
334,000
100,200
233,800
10,500
(56,000)

(45,500)
$ 188,300

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BYP 14-1

(a)

FINANCIAL REPORTING PROBLEM

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO.

Trend Analysis of Net Sales and Net Income
For the Five Years Ended 2010
Base Period 2006(in millions)

(1) Net sales

Trend
(2) Net income
Trend

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

W154,630,328

W136,323,670

W121,294,319

W98,507,817

W85,834,604

180%

159%

141%

115%

100%

16,146,525

9,760,550

5,890,214

7,922,981

8,193,659

197%

119%

72%

97%

100%

Between 2006 and 2007 Samsungs net sales increased by 15%. Its net
sales increased by 23% between 2007 and 2008 and by 13% each
year between 2008 and 2010. Samsungs net income decreased by
3% between 2006 and 2007, and by 26% between 2007 and 2008. Net
income increased by 66% between 2008 and 2009 and by 65%
between 2009 and 2010.
(b) (Korean Won amounts in millions)
(1) Profit Margin
2010:
2009:

W16,146,525 W154,630,328 = 10.4%

W9,760,550 W136,323,670 = 7.2%

(2) Asset Turnover

2010:
2009:

W154,630,328 [(W134,288,744 + W112,179,789) 2] = 1.25 times

W136,323,670 [(W112,179,789 + W105,300,650) 2] = 1.25 times

(3) Return on Assets

2010:
2009:

W16,146,525 [(W134,288,744 + W112,179,789) 2] = 13.1%

W9,760,550 [(W112,179,789 + W105,300,650) 2] = 9.0%

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-45

BYP 14-1 (Continued)

(4) Return on Ordinary Shareholders Equity
2010:
2009:

W16,146,525 [(W89,349,091 + W73,045,202) 2] = 19.9%

W9,760,550 [(W73,045,202 + W63,460,385) 2] = 14.3%

Samsungs profitability increased from 2009 to 2010.

(c) (dollar amounts in millions)
(1) Debt to Total Assets
2010:
2009:

W44,939,653 W134,288,744 = 33.5%

W39,134,587 W112,179,789 = 34.9%

(2) Times Interest Earned

2010:
2009:

(W19,328,656 + W7,700,099) W7,700,099 = 3.5 times

(W12,191,596 + W10,174,219) W10,174,219 = 2.2 times

Creditors provide roughly one-third of Samsungs total assets, so its

long-term solvency is not in jeopardy. Even through samsungs times
interest earned ratio is low it improved in 2010 and the company has the
ability to pay the interest on its debt.

(d) Substantial amounts of important information about a company are not

in its financial statements. Events involving such things as industry
changes, management changes, competitors actions, technological
developments, governmental actions, and union activities are often
critical to the successful operation of a company. Financial reports in
the media and publications of financial service firms (Standard & Poors,
Dun & Bradstreet) will provide relevant information not usually found
in the annual report.

14-46

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BYP 14-2

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PROBLEM

(a)

Zetar
(1) (i) Percentage
increase
in net sales
(ii) Percentage
increase
(decrease) in
net income
(2) (i) Percentage
increase
(decrease) in
total assets
(ii) Percentage
increase
(decrease) in
total ordinary
shareholders
equity

Nestl

134,998 131,922 = 2.3%

131,922

4,482 4,268
4,268

93,062 85,108

= 5.0%

= 9.3%

85,108
46,287 41,755
= 10.9%
41,755

CHF109,722 CHF 107,618 = 2.0%

CHF 107,618

CHF 35,384 CHF 11,793 = 2.0%

CHF 11,793

CHF 111,641 CHF

110,916
CHF 110,916

= 0.7%

CHF 62,598 CHF 53,631

= 16.7%
CHF 53,631

The two companies net sales increased by roughly the same

percentage. However, it appear that Nestls percentage increase in
net income is substantially greater than Zetars (200% vs 5%). This
apparent disparity is due to the profit on discontinued operations
that was included in Nestls net income. If you remove these
amounts for 2009 and 2010, Nestles net income actually decreased
by 5%. Zetars total assets increased by a greater percentage than
Nestls (9.3% VS 0.7%), but the percentage increase in the return on
ordinary shareholders equity is the opposite, with Nestls
increasing by 16.7% while Zetars increased only 10.9%.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-47

BYP 14-3

DECISION-MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION

The current ratio increase is a favorable indication as to liquidity, but

alone tells little about the going-concern prospects of the client. From
this ratio change alone, it is impossible to know the amount and direction
of the changes in individual accounts, total current assets, and total
current liabilities. Also unknown are the reasons for the changes.
The acid-test ratio decrease is an unfavorable indication as to liquidity,
especially when the current-ratio increase is also considered. This decline
is also unfavorable as to the going-concern prospects of the client because
it reflects a declining cash position and raises questions as to reasons
for the increases in other current assets, such as inventories.
The change in asset turnover cannot alone tell anything about either
solvency or going-concern prospects. There is no way to know the amount
and direction of the changes in sales and assets. An increase in sales
would be favorable for going-concern prospects, while a decrease in
assets could represent a number of possible scenarios and would need to
be investigated further.
The increase in net income is a favorable indicator for both solvency
and going-concern prospects, although much depends on the quality of
receivables generated from sales and how quickly they can be converted
into cash. If there has been a decline in sales, a significant factor is that
management has been able to reduce costs to produce an increase in
earnings. Indirectly, the improved income picture may have a favorable
impact on solvency and going-concern potential by enabling the client
to borrow currently (if it needs to do so) to meet cash requirements.
The 32-percent increase in earnings per share, which is identical to the
percentage increase in net income, is an indication that there has probably
been no change in the number of ordinary shares outstanding. This, in
turn, indicates that financing was not obtained through the issuance of
ordinary shares. It is not possible to reach conclusions about solvency
and going-concern prospects without additional information about the
nature and extent of financing.

14-48

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BYP 14-3 (Continued)

The collective implications of these data alone are that the client entity
is about as solvent and as viable a going concern at the end of the current
year as it was at the beginning although there may be a need for short-term
operating cash.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-49

BYP 14-4

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY

To:

Kyle Benson

From:

Accounting Major

Subject:

Financial Statement Analysis

There are two fundamental considerations in financial statement analysis:

(1) the bases of comparison and (2) the factors affecting quality of earnings.
Each of these considerations is explained below.
1.

2.

14-50

Bases of comparison. The bases of comparison are:

a.

IntracompanyThis basis compares an item or financial relationship

within a company in the current year with the same item or relationship in one or more prior years.

b.

Industry averagesThis basis compares an item or financial relationship of a company with industry averages (or norms).

c.

IntercompanyThis basis compares an item or financial relationship

of one company with the same item or relationship in one or more
competing companies.

Factors affecting quality of earnings are:

a.

Alternative accounting methodsVariations among companies in

the application of IFRS may hamper comparability and reduce
quality of earnings.

b.

Pro forma incomeThis income figure usually excludes items that

the company thinks are unusual or nonrecurring.

c.

Improper recognitionBecause some managers have felt pressure

from investors to continually increase earnings, they have manipulated the earnings numbers to meet these expectations.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

BYP 14-5

ETHICS CASE

(a) The stakeholders in this case are:

f
f
f
f
f
f

Robert Turnbull, president of Turnbull Industries.

Perry Jarvis, public relations director.
You, as controller of Turnbull Industries.
Shareholders of Turnbull Industries.
Potential investors in Turnbull Industries.
Any readers of the press release.

(b) The presidents press release is deceptive and incomplete and to that
extent his actions are unethical.
(c) As controller you should at least inform Perry, the public relations
director, about the biased content of the release. He should be aware
that the information he is about to release, while factually accurate, is
deceptive and incomplete. Both the controller and the public relations
director (if he agrees) have the responsibility to inform the president of
the bias of the about to be released information.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-51

GAAP EXERCISES

GAAP 14-1
CHEN COMPANY
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Sales revenue .....................................................
Cost of goods sold.............................................
Gross profit.........................................................
Operating expenses ...........................................
Net income..........................................................
Other comprehensive income...........................
Unrealized gain on non-trading securities
Comprehensive income.....................................

$1,000,000
700,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
75,000
$ 175,000

GAAP 14-2
CHEN COMPANY
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Sales revenue .....................................................
Cost of goods sold.............................................
Gross profit.........................................................
Operating expenses ...........................................
Net income..........................................................

$1,000,000
700,000
300,000
200,000
$ 100,000

CHEN COMPANY
Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
Net income..........................................................
Other comprehensive income...........................
Unrealized gain on non-trading
securities.................................................
Comprehensive income.....................................

14-52

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

$100,000
75,000
$175,000

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

GAAP 14-3

GAAP FINACIAL REPORTING PROBLEM

(a)

TOOTSIE ROLL INDUSTRIES, INC.

Trend Analysis of Net Sales and Net Income
For the Five Years Ended 2010
Base Period 2006..(in thousands)

(1) Net Sales

Trend

(2) Net
Earnings
Trend

2010
$517,149
104%

2009
$495,592
100%

2008
$492,051
99%

2007
$492,742
99%

2006
$495,990
100%

53,714

53,878

39,315

51,914

66,011

81%

82%

60%

79%

100%

Between 2006 and 2009 Net sales were fairly constant, however 2010 net
sales increased by 4% over 2006. Tootsie Rolls net income decreased 40%
from 2006 to 2008. Net income in 2009 and 2010 increased approximately
37% over that of 2008, however, 2010 net income was still 19% below that
of 2006. So, while net sales have increased 4% over the 5-year period, net
income has decreased by 19%.

(b)

2010
(1) Debt to total assets
ratio
(2) Times interest
earned ratio

$191,429
$860,383
$53,714+$20,375+$142
$142
= 522.8 times

2009
= 22.2%

$183,108
$838,247

= 21.8%

$53,878+$10,301+$243
$243
= 265.1 times

Creditors are providing approximately 22% of Tootsie Rolls total

assets and the companys times interest earned ratio indicates the
company is in no danger of not being able to service their debt.

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)

14-53

(c)

2010

(1) Profit margin

(2) Asset turnover

(3) Return on assets

(4) Return on ordinary

shareholders equity

$53,714
$517,149

2009
= 10.4%

$53,878
$495,592

= 10.9%

$517,149
= .61 times
($860,383+$838,247)/2

$495,592
= .60 times
($838,247+$813,525)/2

$53,714
= 6.3%
($860,383+$838,247)/2

$53,878
= 6.5%
($838,247+$813,525)/2

$53,714
= 8.1%
($668,954+$655,139)/2

$53,878
= 8.3%
($655,139+$637,021)/2

Tootsie Roll had a small decline in profitability as evidenced by the

slight decrease in the profit margin, return on assets and return on
ordinary shareholders equity ratios. The asset, turnover ratio had a
slight increase.
(d) Substantial amounts of important information about a company are not
in its financial statements. Events involving such things as industry
changes, management changes, competitors actions, technological
developments, governmental actions, and union activities are often
critical to the successful operations of a company. Finanacial reports
in the media and publications of financial service firms (Standard &
Poors, Dun & Bradstreet) will provide relevant information not usually
found in the annual report.

14-54

Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Weygandt Financial, IFRS, 2/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)