1. An engine is tested by means of a water brake at 1000 rpm. The measured torque of the engine is 10000 B¥8t and the water consumption of the brake is 0.5 ms, its inlet temperature being 20°C. Calculate the water temperature at exit, assuming that the whole of the engine power is ultimately transformed into heat which is absorbed by the cooling water 2 A stationary mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state of 0.3 m’ and 0.105 MPa to a final state of 0.15 m’ and 0.105 MPa, the pressure remaining constant during the process. There is a transfer of 37.6 kJ of heat from the gas during the process. How much does the internal energy of the gas change? & A piston and cylinder machine contains a fluid system which passes through a complete cycle of four processes. During a cycle, the sum of all heat transfers is -170 kJ. The system completes 100 cycles per min. Complete the following table showing the method for cach item, and compute the net rate of work output in kW. Process Q tkiimin) W (kdimin) AE (kI/min) a-b 0 2,170 _ be 21,000 0 - cd ~2,100 _ 36,600 da — _ _ 4. The intemal energy of a certain substance is given by the following equation 56 po + 84 where wis given in kJ/kg, p is in kPa, and v is in m‘/kg. ‘A system composed of 3 kg of this substance expands from an initial pressure of 500 kPa and a volume of 0.22 m’ to a final pressure 100 kPa in a process in which pressure and volume are related by pu'? = constant. (a) If the expansion is quasi-static, find Q, AU, and W for the process. (b) In another process the same system expands according to the same pressure-volume relationship as in part (a), and from the same initial state to the same final state as in part (a), but the heat transfer in this case is 30 kJ. Find the work transfer for this process. (c) Explain the difference in work transfer in parts (a) and (b). u & A fluid is confined in a cylinder by a spring-loaded, frictionless piston so that the pressure in the fluid is a linear function of the volume (p =a + bY). The internal energy of the fluid is given by the following equation U = 3443.15 pV where U is in kJ, p in kPa, and V in cubic metre. If the fluid changes from an initial state of 170 kPa, 0.03 m’ to a final state of 400 kPa, 0.06 m’, with no work other than that done on the piston, find the direction and magnitude of the work and heat transfer.6. 4 slow chemical reaction takes place in a fluid at the constant pressure of 0.1 MPa. The fluid is surrounded by a perfect heat insulator during the reaction which begins at state | and ends at state 2. The insulation is then removed and 105 kJ of heat flow to the surroundings as the fluid goes to state 3. The following data are observed for the fluid at states 1, 2 and 3 State Von’) weC) I 0.003 20 2 0.3 370 3 0.06 20 For the fluid system, calculate £ and Ey, if E, =0 7. The properties of a certain fluid are related as follows u = 196 +0.718¢ pe = 0.287 (f+ 273) where w is the specific internal energy (kJ/kg), 1 is in °C, p is pressure (kN/m?), and v is specific volume (m'/kg). For this fluid, find c, and ¢, 8 A gas of mass 1.5 kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion which follows a relationship p = a + bY, where a and h are constants. The initial and final pressures are 1000 kPa and 200 kPa respectively and the corresponding volumes are 0.20 mand 1 20m? The specific internal energy of the given by the relation w= 15 po 88 kiike where p is in kPa and v is in m‘/kg. Calculate the net heat transfer and the maximum internal energy of the gas attained during expansion 9 A gas in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes two processes in series. From state 1 to state 2 there is energy transfer by heat to the gas of $00 kJ. and the gas does work on the piston amounting 800 kJ. The second process, from state 2 to state 3, is a constant pressure compression at 400 kPa, during which there is a heat transfer from the gas amounting 450 kJ. The following data are also known: U, = 2000 kJ and U; = 3500 kJ. Neglecting changes in KE and PE, calculate the change in volume of the gas during process 2~3. ae Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kg/s through an air com- pressor, entering at 7m/s velocity, 100 kPa pressure, and 0.95 m’vkg volume, and leaving at 5 m/s, 700 kPa, and 0.19 m’/kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 90 kJ/kg greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in the compressor jackets absorbs heat from the air at the rate of 58 kW. (a) Compute the rate of shaft work input to the air in kW. (b) Find the ratio of the inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter.A certain water heater operates under steady flow conditions receiving 4.2 kg/s of water at 75°C temperature, enthalpy 313.93 kl/kg. The water is heated by mixing with steam which is supplied to the heater at temperature 100.2°C and enthalpy 2676 ki/kg. The mixture leaves the heater as liquid water at temperature 100°C and enthalpy 419 kJ/kg. How much steam must be supplied to the heater per hour? 12. A 16m’ tank is filled with air at a pressure of 5 bar & a temperature of 100°c. The air is let off to the atmosphere through a value. Assuming no heat transfer, determine the work obtainable by utilizing the kinetic energy of the discharge air to run a frictionless turbine. (Take atm. Pressure =\bar, C, of air = 1 ki/kgk, C, of air =.711 ki/kg k)Fano bles: AD) N= 1000 Apra Pr ARNT | axn swooxueeo 60 bo = joo stata |= ® "Meme = OS x 1000 Me 208 Neg * Q=MGat Jo.gta = 500k l8% x (7-8) T= 80.5¢ Given t Fivst law Ja o process: V, 20-3 m3 P= Pp, =0.105Mpa et Vg = 0.15 093 Q., =U-4) + Whee Q--3F.6 ky % Ausu,-u)=? Mer frow > p(y-M) = 0,105 (0-15 - 0.3)My 0-105 ok Le.15) “34.6 =U-W)+(-5. #5) UU, = ~ 35.6 415.95 Aus= U,- = 2.85 KX(OPaocess a-b ee § ~ AF, + We, ab O12 AG dizo 10x10 cele 000 K5, ae Hera AED= SIFORKY OPrecess(b-c) @ pSeeers(e cf) @ passes @-a) §- aE +W Qs ner Qearew see = AE +O ~2 0 =-366004W Zz 1h = toma. sWe 34,500%Y%nig Ry ~ “DE = 21000 pn; The. Spy Completes 100 ERR @,+Q,.+ 8 at &. = -1F000 kx/ mir). D + 21000 #004 Qe Salt Qua < 5,100 Ky min Kl w2,- fae = Os AE, t NE gt MPa tA, = O - -Q1E0 + 24000 36600 +AE, = 0 J) Ase = 1 FBO nig Mia @be — Ese Me <= — 35400 — 14470 Mux = FRE Ky EWesle = T4000 Kain, (B&BS 2KH, Ad KW. Rate g wiKoutput ~ 28 = ayOb) 2 Scokp U = 356 pY +84 VM, = 0.223 Au-u,-W=3.56(py-py) ane We Know - PE Coast gt, ght py Meh, Ko. F = oases 100. 2 O02 KO.8 2A Oe 0. 841 m> @ AW = 3.56100 x 0. Bul - 5000.22) ee eee) fox Quasi stab process We fre = Ra -Pu jon q = breoyo.e41 ~500X0:22) {-1-2. = 2854. \aa.5K5 . Q = AvtwW Q- A F2.A+129.5 = 37,.3K75 © tere Q- 20 KA We &- AUVs 30-(-9a9) = JOM AKI® The w&K ‘a (b) te “nod vepal fpav Since Be process ts nof Quasi - Sdebjc- @ J vensq We foe in the Snletnal eneSgy 2 Ke lace P= atbv od he process U > 3443-15 pV U,-U, © 3.15 (400 wer06 —I40x0.0 3) ? = 1#okpa ~ 20.03 m3 Au = P, = 400 kpa We 0-06 et Now Doom prarbly IF0 Say bxo.03 Hop at bxo.0b Loon He equations. the values a= -60 KM [ye bs 4666.4 Kelfap Ths | he ok a) ae. We Tio fe 4 bY)dl v Vy . by + oy . a y, = alv-¥) + +/ ww) 2 y-) [a telus] = (o.06-0 3) [-b + F666.4 Co e100] Woe 8.55 ks =| thus the wA&EWs dene a He Fn, Do Peed bans Jet Snvolveel agen + Q. Au+W Q = 54.5084 855 f= 68:05 ks Ts heokis added A pies inte the Sra olsing the pieces Orns Be V,20.003 0? iA Male Trace Tahoe By 0 Q. =- 1055 4 E,= We? E, £4. Process I-2, Wee = RB O- = et x (0.3~0.003) Vy = 038 Nae 006 m3 TL+20° one ie . R Waea= P(UY-%) = oI (0.06 ~03) 2 Wise 34 Ks a> be Ey = BU EKS Q vT1OS = -a4 +8,- 621-9) 30 Woes +€,-6) pies E, = -los +8489. 4 = =lN0.% KS® giver NE Kee 6 hue =196 +0.918€ Jue 0.284 (04273) = a (iv +oti8t) C7 at re | cia OrFIB esx We haw h=Utpy | ge] dt |p 2d (usp) . a f(ieso'vaiefeseete nl} dt G = 0-F1@ 40884 Grote (@ 2S ooh Sec Vv; = Simi L = Bree ViF Fmbec | Pr=doob Kea a i= Oe, = voy ¥, otis X= =u) JQ 2-58 kus at 17 a, ae"? gal (2) the sFEE we havt- UrRy, + wi rag)+ oh cost ane Wade al dwWe = - Wl, ude yey) + HOM ale, -2 lf a, [e URNA) + EOE ds] seali --0-5[90 + (Foo xo.19 ~tooxe.05)+(5°-7)e*, of =-0.5 [ 24998) —58 = = 63-994-58 =-124,99 1-122 Kil (Enteg wk Snpt) @ San ness balance. 4 ue JA, voy: = de 22-5 55 3.57 AL LN og “Fe ele ow w a " ve Q @ The KK & heok Mgreagel pe olegtec Aepypechde che oF ia a Poe a Steedy Nex Nes | pPocesS Aggiven 74 bool a ote} min g oe FES e 4 18 - 04h Determine te change in Sntetnal = oH Ge Sm When te fempactse Sncseates Y gue 100°C fo Q60°C. One ; dWeLaT deh dO - by Bx; ; - ab Oe Bac (aw = 4 far Te lee he T= 2bec “Al = +e 7); W =e [2to-108] = z0K3JB 4 [a8-fosr Q S a(t]. TS 0.4 [240-100] Q- 64 ks = Q= AU+tW. > AUs 64-40 = 44K change in entropy. i Ves 6 mt Serod Ran iy ait fant y isch, P= Bhat 2S 1te a hepae SCAaty e. T, = loot) = 343K m= RhY (5 Kee 1.6 . Rr” amt 373 Re hake 1xtaPMf ™~ EAT KS- A ssumieg Het Oy unde’, - im Aewet ible adiabett piccess De” bea -1 Nea, ale X38 Sass K *- The J, ae e € vies, Me) ral Bou ty ary 9 eng tos he tek, m= A oS LL, zt KM, AN X70 oe 2: 36F Sf sceNow ea enehy ¥ eqpechon: - m.) (hv) ) gC ma WU frre hi Hey ME UU, — mM, Uy -m,) Vr a a =m U-m,t, — 7h, = MOT ly Te oun, ep 7, = Epox MK 393) — (867 n0.FH 22365) - G4z- 2.08) X 2355 obic hosriz on tell vez rie of hoot with tempebhac Biv entes an ox * i Velool4 g 50 meee. the Snlef atea. 's 840 Cm. Ke < U : 7 Y ais of exit is BoC. Given hat the peg Yo lame i is a L + ec hve . } She § or reg pec Ze pekaife xt ate Oo. ew the No 2 ke OP ent, AcsuMe Hot enthalpy g empeahhe. only ar! fai = rho EG tenapehe e only tat Ge love, v ot ~ Ay-Byoem™ f° “Zhy p. 7 ¥ 2 Aye? = «= SoeL | SEE pe He Nogsle &- | | | | 1 | | | Vv, = 26,- hy) +y> We have he Cy é Vy = La epte-6) +P SS) = | 2X 1005(4o0-g6) + 50” Vi = 8035/5 to mass hatwece ANE. ALY ae ADE A= t6.1bem™ * a No2xle iS a Clevice ya Gneseasing the velocty Go send Btream. lf te Snlet fora cesfain norgle He ental, y the dled pagsi ‘S 3000 RY g the velooly ‘shoms, t / OH fhe ischakue end the enthalpy ie BFbIKT/ eg, Berekbe howis zontal | hee 3 neq ybgible, head boss, 4 0. D ind te velocity of tHe Le te Howse the Srlet area is 0. l m3 6 & Vo lumeat Snel s o.eny ! the moths jer Sxkl, 9 Of the Sf volume at Hee exit 4 te Wo33/e iso aa yr Ha cliamelt ob the exit Secon IB Noa le. ae SF 0 “his 3000 tai, EEE JE Neagle A, peg “be h - hss vi-v? V,= Somp, 7 = baw e [2 (sooo 2442) aioe 60° | ' = 649.5. Q a . 17 Olam! 4 We orleemy : wo = AY, o1x60 Vo eee > 32.005). AGE "es. 2 A, V, Rh z ae Ale Mah 2 arotxowe ae ES eo 23ebA suming he we tebe crecalad wi the ofiwrerea, dy A Bat “age 20023 KA dy =0-1¥llm Slim