CHAPTER-4

WORK, POWER AND ENERGY

TRUE/FALSE
1. A simple pendulum with a bob of mass m swings with an angular amplitude of 40. When its angular displacement
is 20, the tension in the string is greater than mg cos 20.
(1984; 2M)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and then parallel to

the y-axis to the point (a, a). The toal work done by
the force F on the particle is :
(1998; 2M)
(a) 2Ka 2
(b) 2 Ka 2
(c) Ka 2
(d) Ka 2

Only One option is correct :

1. Two masses of 1 g and 4 g are moving with equal
kinetic energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of their
momenta is :
(1980; 2M)
(a) 4 : 1

(b)

2:1
(d) 1 : 16

(c) 1 : 2
2.

3.

4.

A body is moved along a straight line by a machine

delivering constant power. The distance moved by the
body in time t is proportional to :
(1984; 2M)
(a) t1/2
(b) t3/4
(c) t3/2
(d) t2
A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on
a smooth table and one-third of its length is hanging
vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is
acceleration due to gravity, the work required to pull
the hanging part on to the table is :
(1985; 2M)
(a) MgL
(b) MgL/3
(c) MgL/9
(d) MgL/18

7.

A spring of force-sonstant k is cut into two pieces

such that one piece is double of the other. Then the
long piece will have a force-constant of :(1999; 2M)
(a) (2/3)k
(b) (3/2)k
(c) 3 k
(d) 6 k

8.

A wind-powered generator converts wind energy into

electric energy. Assume that the generator converts a
fixed fraction of the wind energy intercepted by its
blades into electrical energy. For wind speed v, the
electrical power output will be proportional to:
(2000; 2M)
(a) v
(b) v2
(c) v3
(d) v4

9.

A particle, which is constrained to move along x-axis,

is subjected to a force in the same direction which
varies with the distance x of the particle from the origin
as F (x) = kx + ax3 . Here k and a are posiive
constant. For x 0, the functional form of the potential
energy U (x) of the particle is :
(2002; 2M)

A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of

constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration
a c is varying with time t as a c = k 2 rt2 , where k is a
constant. The power delivered to the particle by the
force acting on it is :
(1994; 1M)
(a) 2 mk 2 r2
(b) mk 2 r2 t
(c)

( mk 4 r2 t5 )
3

U (X)

U (X)

(d) zero
X

5.

6.

A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a

vertical circle with the other end of the string at the
centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its
lowest position, and has a speed u. The magnitude of
the change in its velocity as it reaches a position
where the string is horizontal is :
(1998; 2M)

(a)

(b)

U (X)

(a)

u 2 2gL

(b)

2gL

(c)

u 2 gL

(d)

2 u2 gL

U (X)

A force F = K( yi + xj) (where K is a positive

constant) acts on a particle moving in the x-y plane.
Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along the
28

(c)

(d)

U (x)

10. An ideal spring with spring-constnat k is hung from

the ceiling and a block of mass M is attached to its
lower end. The mass is released with the spring
initially unstretched. Then the maximum extension in
the spring is :
(2002; 2M)
4 Mg
2 Mg
(a)
(b)
k
k
(c)

Mg
k

(d)

U (x)

(c)

Mg
2k

11. A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When

the displacement of the bob is less than maximum, its
r
acceleration vector a is correctly shown in (2002; 2M)

(d)

14. A small block is shot into each of the four tracks as

shown below. Each of the tracks rises to the same
height. The speed with which the block enters the track
is the same in all cases. At the highest point of the track,
the normal reaction is maximum in :
(2001; 2M)

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

a
(c)

(d)

(c)

12. If W1 , W2 and W3 represent the work done in moving

a particle from A to B along different paths, 1, 2 and
3 respectively (as shown) in the gravitational field of
a point mass m. Find the correct relation between W1 ,
W2 and W3 .
(2003; 2M)

(d)

15. A bob of mass M is suspended by a massless string

of length L. The horizontal velocity v at position A is
just sufficient to make it reach the point B. The angle
at which the speed of the bob is half of that at A,
statisfies.
(2008; 3M)
B

(a) W1 > W2 > W3

(c) W1 < W2 < W3

(b) W1 = W2 = W3
(d) W2 > W1 > W3

13. A particle is placed at the origin and a force F = kx is

acting on it (where k is a positive constant). If
U (0) = 0, the graph of U (x) versus x will be (where
U is the potential energy function :
(2004; 2M)
U (x)

(c)

U (x)

(a)

(a) =

(b)

3
<<
2
4

(b)

<<
4
2

(d)

3
<<
4

16. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S1

and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively.
The other ends are attached to two supports M1 and
M2 not attached to the walls. The springs and supports
have negligible mass. There is no friction anywhere.
The block B is displaced towards wall 1 by a small
29

distance x and released. The block returns and moves

a maximum distance y towards wall 2. Displacements x
and y are measured with respect to the equilibrium
position of the block B. The ratio
2
M2

S1

S2

y
is (2008; 3M)
x
M1

1
B

B
2
M2

S2

S1

M1

(b) 2

1
(c)
2

1
(d)
4

2.

Two blocks A and B are connected to each other by

a string and a spring; the string passes over a
frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. Block B
slides over the horizontal top surface of a stationary
block C and the block A slides along the vertical side
of C, both with the same uniform speed. The coefficient
of friction between the surfaces of blocks is 0.2. Force
constant of the spring is 1960 N/m. If mass of block A
is 2 kg. Calculate the mass of block B and the energy
stored in the spring.
(1982; 5M)
B

(c) The magnitude of the tangential acceleration of

the bob |a T| = g sin
(d) T = Mg cos

1.

4.

MV 2
L

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(b)

A lead bullet just melts when stopped by an obstacle.

Assuming that 25 percent of the heat is absorbed by
the obstacle, find the velocity of the bullet if its initial
temperature is 27C
(Melting point of lead = 327C, specific heat of lead =
0.03 cal/g-C, latent heat of fusion of lead = 6 cal/gC,
J = 4.2 J/cal).
(1981; 3M)

A simple pendulum of length L and mass (bob) M is

oscillating in a plane about a vertical line between
angular limits and + . For an angular displacement
(|| < ), the tension in the string and the velocity of
the bob are T and V respectively. The following relations
hold good under the above conditions :
(1986; 2M)
(a) T cos = Mg
(b) T Mg cos =

3.

More than one options are correct?

A particle is acted upon by a force of constant
magnitude which is always perpendicular to the velocity
of the particle. the motion of the particle takes place in
a plane. It follows that :
(1987; 2M)
(a) its velocity is constant
(b) its acceleration is constant
(c) its kinetic energy is constant
(d) it moves in a circular path

A body of mass 2 kg is being dragged with a uniform

velocity of 2 m/s on a rough horizontal plane. The
coefficient of friction between the body and the surface
is 0.20, J = 4.2 J/cal and g = 9.8 m/s 2 . Calculate the
amount of heat generated in 5 s.
(1990; 5M)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

(a)

2.

(a) 4

5.

In the figure (a) and (b) AC, DG and GF are fixed

inclined planes, BC = EF = x and AB = DE = y. A small
block of mass M is released from the point A. It slides
down AC and reaches C with a speed VC. The same
block is released from rest from the point D. It slides
down DGF and reaches the point F with speed VF .
The coefficients of kinetic frictions between the block
and both the surface AC and DGF are . Calculate VC
and VF .
(1980; 6M)
30

A 0.5 kg block slides from the point A (see Fig.) on a

horizontal track with an initial speed of 3 m/s towards
a weightless horizontal spring of length 1 m and force
constant 2 N/m. The part AB of the track is frictionless
and the part BC has the coefficients of static and
kinetic friction as 0.22 and 0.2 respectively. If the
distances AB and BD are 2 m and 2.14 m respectively,
find the total distance through which the block moves
before it comes to rest completely. (Take g = 10 m/s 2 )
(1983; 7M)

9.
3 m/s

6.

A string, with one end fixed on a rigid wall, passing

over a fixed fricionless pulley at a distance of 2 m from
the wall, has a point mass M = 2 kg attached to it at
a distance of 1 m from the wall. A mass m = 0.5 kg
attached at the free end is held at rest so that the
string is horizontal between the wall and the pulley
and vertical beyond the pulley. What will be the speed
with which the mass M will hit the wall when the mass
m is released?
(1985; 6M)

Sphere B

d
R

8.

A bullet of mass M is fired with a velocity 50 m/s at

an angle with the horizontal. At the highest point of
its trajectory, it collides head on with a bob of mass
3M suspended by a massless string of length 10/3
metres and gets embedded in the bob. After the
collision the string moves through an angle of 120.
Find :
(i) the angle ,
(ii) the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the initial
position of the bob with respect to the point of
firing of the bullet. (Take g = 10 m/s 2 )
(1988; 6M)
A particle is suspended vertically
from a point O by an inextensible
massles string of length L. A
vertical line AB is at a distance L/
8 from O as shown in figure. The
object is given a horizontal velocity
L
u.
At some point, its motion ceases
to be circular and eventually the
object passes through the line AB.
At the instant of crossing AB, its
velocity is horizontal. Find u.
(1999; 10M)

Sphere A

(a) Express the total normal reaction force exerted by

the spheres on the ball as a function of angle .
(b) Let NA and NB denote the magnitudes of the
normal reaction forces on the ball exerted by the
spheres A and B, respectively. Sketch the variations
of NA and NB as function of cos in the range 0
by drawing two separate graphs in your
answer book, taking cos on the horizontal axis.

m
7.

A spherical ball of mass m is kept at the highest point

in the space between two fixed, concentric spheres A
and B (see figure). The smaller sphere a has a radius
R and the space between the two spheres has a width
d. The ball has a diameter very slightly less then d. All
surfaces are frictionless. The ball is given a gentle
push (towards the right in the figure). The angle made
by the radius vector of the ball with the upward
vertical is denoted by .
(2002; 5M)

O
L/8

10. A cart is moving along x-direction with a velocity of

4 m/s. A person on the cart throws a stone with a
velocity of 6 m/s relative to himself. In the frame of
reference of the cart the stone is thrown in y-z plane
making an angle of 30 with vertical z-axis. At the
highest point of its trajectory the stone hits an object
of equal mass hung vertically from branch of a tree by
means of a sring of length L. A completely inelastic
collision occurs in which the stone gets embedded in
the object. Determine :
(1997; 5M)
(i) the speed of the combined mass immediately after
the collision with respect to an observer on the
ground.
(ii) the length L of the string such that tension in the
string becomes zero when the string becomes
horizontal during the subsequent motion of the
combined mass.
11. A light inextensible string that goes
over a smooth fixed pulley as shown
in the figure connects two blocks of
masses 0.36 kg and 0.72 kg. Taking g
= 10 m/s 2, find the work done (in
Joules) by the string on the block of
mass 0.36 kg during the first second
after the system is released from rest.

31

ASSERATION AND REASON

Because :
Statement-II : The coefficient of friction between the
block and the surface decreases with the increase in
the angle of inclination
(a) Statement-I is true, statement -II is true, statementII is a correct explanation for statmeent-I
(b) statemen-I is true, statement-II is true; statementII is NOT a correct explanaion for statmeent-I
(c) statement-I is true, statement-II is false
(d) statement-I is false, statement-II is true

This question contains, statement I (assertion) and

statement II (reason).
1. Statement-I : A block of mass m starts moving on a
rough horizontal surface with a velocity v. It stops due
to friction between the block and the surface after
moving through a certain distance. The surface is now
tilted to an angle of 30 with the horizontal and the
same block is made to go up on the surface with the
same initial velocity v. The decrease in the meachnical
energy in the second situation is smaller than that in
the first situation.
(2007; 3M)

ANSWERS
TRUE/FALSE
1.

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1. (c)
8. (c)
16. (c)

2. (c)
9. (d)

3. (d)
10. (b)

4. (b)
11. (c)

5. (d)
12. (b)

6. (c)
13.(a) 14.

7. (b)
(a)15. (d)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

1.
2.

(c, d)
(b, c)

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

VC = VF = 2( gy gx)

2. 9.33 cal

5.

4.24 m

6. 3.3 m/s

7.

(i) = 30 (ii) The desired coordinates are (108.25m, 31.25m)

3. 409.8 m/s

4. 10 kg, 0.098 J

3 3

8. u = gL 2 + 2

2
(a) N = mg (3 cos 2) (b) For cos 1 , NB 0, NA = mg (3cos 2) and for cos
3
NB = mg (2 3 cos )
9.

ASSERATION AND REASON

1. (c)

32

3 ; NA = 0,

SOLUTIONS
TRUE/FALSE
1.

T - mg cos 20 =

mv 2
R

or T = mg cos 20 +

Therefore, tangential acceleration, a t =

20
T
m

mv 2
R

20
mgsin20 mg

Tangential force, Ft = ma t = mkr

Only tangential force does work.
Power =Ft v = (mkr) (krt)
or Power = mk 2 r2 t
(b)

mgcos20

T > mg cos 20 (Q v 0)

(T)
5.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1.

P=
or,

2Km

P1
=
P2

dv
= kr
dt

m1
1
=
m2 2

From energy conservation

v2 = u 2 2gL
Now, since the two velocity vectors shown in figure
are mutually perpendicular, hence the magnitude of the
change of velocity will be given by
v
O

(c)

dv
Fv = m v = constant
dt

2.

vdv dt
1

ds
t 2 s t2
dt
(c)

3.

(d)

Considering reference for zero potential at the table

surface,

6.

M L
U i = g and U f = 0
3 6
W = U f Ui =

MgL
18

( a , a)

(a , a )

( a, 0)

( a, 0)

K ( ydx + xdy) = K

d ( xy )

= K [ xy] ( a, 0) = Ka 2
( a, a )

(c)
7.

2L/3

l1 = 2l2 and

U=0
L
3

I1 =

l1 + l2 = l

2
l
3

1
Force constant, k length of spring (l )

Before

After

8.

ac = k 2 rt 2

r
F = K ( yi + xj)
W =

(d)

4.

r
| v |= u 2 + v 2 = u 2 + ( u 2 2gL ) = 2( u 2 gL )

k1 =

(b)

3
k
2

ur r
Power = F .v = Fv

dm
2
F = v
= v (? Av) = ? Av
dt

v2
= k 2 rt 2 v = krt
r
33

where, is density of wind A is area of cross-section

of blades

P = Av3 P v3

9.

13. From F =
U (x )

(c)

dU = F. dx
x

U (x) =

( kx + ax

) dx

kx 2 ax 4
U (x) =

2
4

dU
= 0 x = 0 and x =
dx

U (x)=

as

U (0) = 0
(a)

2k
a

U (x) = negative for x >

dU = Fdx = ( kx) dx

V0

k
, therefore slope
a

N+mg

of U (x) vs x curve is zero at hence points.

Now,N + mg =

(d)

10. Let x be the maximum

extension of the spring. From
conservation of mechanical
energy : decrease in
gravitational potential energy
= increase in elastic potential
energy

Mg x =

or,

x =

(b)

1 2
kx
2

2 Mg
k

11. When the bob is between

mean and extream position it
r
has both centripetal ( ac ) and
r
tangential ( at ) accelerations.
r
The net acceleration (a) is
r
r
vector sum of ac and at .

kx 2
2

14. Since, the block rises to the same heights in all the four
cases, from conservation of energy, speed of the block
at highest point will be same in all four cases. Say it
is V0 .

2k
a

U (x) = 0 at x = 0 and x =

dU
dx

N=

or

mV02
R

mV02
mg
R

R (the radius of curvature) in first case is minimum.

Therefore, normal reaction N will be maximum in first
case.
(a)
Note : In the questions it should be mentioned that all

the four tracks are frictionless. Otherwise Vo will be

v=0

different in different tracks.

15. v = 5 gL

x
v=0

...(i)

v
= v 2 2gh
2
h = L(1 cos )
Solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

ac

cos =
O

at

7
1 7
or = cos = 151
8
8

(d)

16. From energy conservation,

(c)
12. Gravitational field is a conservative force field. In a
conservative force field work done is path independent.

W1 = W2 = W3

(b)

1 2 1
kx = ( 4k ) y 2
2
2

34

y 1
=
x 2
(c)

...(ii)
...(iii)

For equilibrium of A :

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

1.

2.

mA g = kx x =

The given case is of uniform circular motion, in which

speed or kinetic energy is constant. Direction of
velocity and acceleraion keep on changing although
its magnitude remains constant.
O and (d).

Correct options are (c)

From the FBD of bob,

For equilibrium of B :
mB g = T = kx = mA g

mV 2
T mg cos =
L
and Mg sin = MaT
or
a T = g sin

(b) and (c)

mB =

mA
2
=
= 10 kg

0.2

Energy stored in spring

T

U =

V
M

Mg sin
Mg Mg cos

5.

1 2
1
kx = (1960) (0.01)2 = 0.098 J
2
2

From A to B, there will be no loss of energy. Now let

block compresses the spring by an amount x and
comes momentarily to rest. By work-energy theorem,

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

kx

In both the cases work done by friction will be Mgx.

f
A

1
2 1
2
MVC = MVF = Mgy Mgx
2
2

2.

(2)(9.8)
m Ag
=
= 0.01 m
1960
k

VC = VF

v=0

Wmg + WN + W f + W s = K f K i

= 2gy 2gx

0 + 0 mg ( BD + x )

S = vt = 2 5 = 10 m
Q = work done against friction
= mgs = 0.2 2 9.8 10
= 9.33 cal

1 2
1
kx = mv 2
2
2

Substituting the values

1
1
(0.5)(3) 2 (2)( x )2
2
2
Solving this equation, we get, x = 0.1 m
Now, spring exerts a force kx = 0.2N on the block. But
to stop the block from moving limiting static friction is
s mg = (0.22) (0.5) (10) = 1.1 N. Since, 1.1 N > 0.2 N,
block will not move further and it will permanenly stop
there.
Therefore, total distance covered before it comes to
rest permanently is
d = AB + BD + x = 2 + 2.14 + 0.1 = 4.24 m
(0.2) (0.5) (10) (2.14 + x) =

3. Heat energy required to just melt the bullet.

Q = Q1 + Q2
Here, Q1 = ms
= (m 103 ) (0.03 4.2) (327 27)
= (3.78 104 m) J
Q2 = mL = (m 103 ) (6 4.2) = (2.52 104 m)

Q = (6.3 104 )m
Only 75% of kinetic energy is utilized to melt the bullet
0.75

1 2
mv = Q
2

6.

Let M strikes with v. Then, velocity of m at this instant

1
2
0.75 m v = 6.3 104 m v = 409.8 m/s
2
4. Normal reaction between blocks A and C will be zero.
Therefore, there will be no friction between them. Both
A and B are moving with uniform speed. Therefore, net
force on them shold be zero.

will be v cos or

v. Further M will fall a distance

of 1 m while m will rise by

51

m. From

conservation of energy principle decrease in potenial

energy of M = increase in potenial energy of m +
increase in kineic energy of both the blocks.

T=kx
1m
2m

B
T=kx

B
1m

f = mB g

m Ag

v cos

5 m

( 51) m
m

35

(2) (9.8) (1)

= (0.5) (9.8)

7.

1
2v
1
5 1 + 2 v 2 + 0.5

2
2
5

= 3.3 m/s

90
Q
mg

(a) At the highest point, velocity of bullet is 50 cos .

So, by conservation of linear momentum
M (50 cos ) = 4M VA

50
VA = cos
...(1)
4
At point, B, T = 0 but v 0

VB

L+L sin

L
8

L cos

We have following conditions,

V=

mv2
L
(2) v2 = u 2 2gh = u 2 2gL (1 + sin )

50 cos

(a) TQ = 0 Therefore, mg sin =

(4M )V B
g
50
V B2 = l =
Hence, 4 Mg cos 60 =
l
2
3
(as l =

(3) QD =

10
m and g = 10 m/s 2 )
3

3
v2 = V2 2g l
2

(b)

50 50

V B2 = V A2 100 = cos ? 100

3 4

cos = 0.86 or = 30

x=

cos ? = sin 2 . cos = (1 cos2 ) cos

8

or, cos ?

2
Range = 1 u sin2 50 50 3
2
= 2 10 2
g

2

= 108.25 m
y= H =

u 2 sin 2 ? 50 50 1
=
= 31.25 m
2g
2 10 4

1
= cos ? cos3 ?
8

3
cos ? =

1
8

or,cos =

1
2

or, = 60
From Eq. (1) v2 = gL sin = gL sin 60

Hence, the desired coordinates are (108.25 m, 31.25 m)

8.

...(3)

v2
Substituting value of gL = sin from Eq. (1) we get

1
(Range)
2

v2
1

sin cos
cos ? =

gL

3
V B2 = V A2 2 gh V B2 = V A2 2 g l
2

or,

...(2)

L
v 2 sin2(90 ) v2 sin2

=
L cos ? =
8
2g
2g

By conservation of energy between A and B

or,

...(1)

Let the string slacks at point Q as shown in figure. P

to Q path is circular and beyond Q path is parabolic.
At point C, velocity of particle becomes horizontal,
therefore, QD = half the range of the projectile.

3
gL
2
Substituting this value of v2 in Eq. (2)
u 2 =v2 + 2gL (1 + sin )
or v2 =

36

3
3
gL + 2 gL 1 +

2
2

NA

mg

3 3
3 3
gL + 2 gL = gL 2 +

2
2

u=

9.

3 3
gL 2 +

(a) h = R + (1cos )
2

Velocity of ball at angle

2/3

+1

2/3

+1

cos

= (3 $j + 3 3 $k ) m/s
r
r
r
V stone = Vstone, cart + Vcart = ( 4i + 3 j + 3 3k) m/s
At highest point of its trajectory, the vertical component
(z) of its velocity will be zero, whereas the x and ycomponents will remain unchanged. Therefore, velocity
of stone at highest point will be,
r
$
$
V = (4 i + 3 j )m/s
or speed at highest point,
r
V = |V | = ( (4) 2 + (3)2 m/s = 5m/s

mg

v2 = 2gh = 2 R + (1cos ) g
2

Let N be the total normal reaction (away from centre)

at angle . Then,

Substituting value of v2 from Eq. (1) we get

mg cos N = 2 mg (1 cos )

N = mg (3 cos 2)
(b) The ball will lose contact with the inner sphere
when N = 0

cos

r
10. (i) Given Vcart = 4i m/s
r
V stone, cart = (6 sin30) $j + (6 cos 30) $k

mv2
mg cos N =
d

R +
2

5mg

2mg

NB

Now, applying law of conservation of linear momentum,

let V0 be the velocity of combined mass after collision.
Then,
mV = (2m)V0

V0 =

V 5
m/s = 2.5 m/s
=
2 2

(ii) Tension in the string becomes zero at horizontal

position. It implies that velocity of combined mass also
becomes zero in horizontal position. Applying
conservation of energy, we have
T=0
V=0

2
or = cos1
3
After this it makes contact with outer sphere and normal
reaction starts acting towards the centre. Thus for
or, 3 cos 2 = 0

2
cos 1
3
NB = 0 and NA = mg (3 cos 2)

V0 = 2.5m/s

2
cos 1
3
NA = 0 and NB = mg (2 3 cos )
The corresponding graphs are as follows

and for

37

= V02 2gL
2
V02 = (2.5)
= 0.32m
2(9.8)
2g

L=

Length of the string is 0.32 m.

11. Let the two blocks move with acceleration a and

tension in the string be T.

a=

0. 72 0.36
10
10 =
m/s 2;
0.72 + 0. 36
3

T=

2 0.72 0. 36
10 = 4.8 N;
0. 72 + 0. 36

S=

1
5
3. 33 12 = m
2
3

WT = 8 J

ASSERATION AND REASON

1.

In statement-I : Decrease in mechanical energ in case

I will be

1 2
mv
2
But decrease in mechanical energy in case II will be
U 1 =

1 2
mv mgh
2

U 2 < U 1
or statement-I is correct.
In statement-II : Coefficient of fricition will not change
or this statement is wrong.
Option (c) is correct
U 2 =

38