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Demand & Diversity Factor

The document discusses demand factor and diversity factor, two key terms used in electrical design. Demand factor is the ratio of a system's maximum demand to its total connected load. Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of individual maximum demands of subdivisions to the overall maximum demand. Demand factors are used to determine the demand load for specific equipment by applying the equipment's demand factor percentage to its connected load. Diversity factors, which typically range from 1 to 2, are used to size distribution feeders and transformers based on understanding the load profile of different buildings/areas. Both demand and diversity factors are applied in design calculations, such as sizing feeders, to determine maximum demand loads.

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56 views

Demand & Diversity Factor

The document discusses demand factor and diversity factor, two key terms used in electrical design. Demand factor is the ratio of a system's maximum demand to its total connected load. Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of individual maximum demands of subdivisions to the overall maximum demand. Demand factors are used to determine the demand load for specific equipment by applying the equipment's demand factor percentage to its connected load. Diversity factors, which typically range from 1 to 2, are used to size distribution feeders and transformers based on understanding the load profile of different buildings/areas. Both demand and diversity factors are applied in design calculations, such as sizing feeders, to determine maximum demand loads.

Uploaded by

rajinipre-1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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it is a very important question let me give some information.

Two terms constantly used in electrical design are


1- demand factor
2- diversity factor
Demand Factor: is the ratio of the maximum demand of a system, or part of system to the
total connected load on the system or part of the system under consideration. This factor is
always less than unity.
If you are using NEC-Code you can find all demand factors for equipments. Table220.42,
table 220.44, Table 220.54, Table 220.55, Table 220.56 and etc
Ex-1: To find the demand load for the 82 kW cooking equipment load.
Step-1- Calculating percentage Table 220.56 17 pieces allows 65%
Step-2 Applying demand factors Table 220.56: 220.56 82kW x 65% = 53.3kW
Now the Demand Load is 53.3 kW.
In this way, you can find demand load for each equipment.
Diversity Factor: is the ratio of the sum of the individual maximum demands of the various
subdivisoins of a system or part of a system to the maximum demand of the whole system
or part of the systsem under consideration. This factor generally varies between 1 and 2.
Diversity factor is mostly used for distribution feeder size and transformer as well as to
determine the maximum peak load and diversity factor is always based on knowing the
process. You have to understand what will be on or off at a given time for different buildings
and this will size the feeder. Note for typical buildings diversity factor is always one. You
have to estimate or have a data records to create 24 hours load graph and you can
determine the maximum demand load for node then you can easily determine the feeder
and transformer size.
Demand factors and diversity factors are used in design. For example, the sum of the
connected loads supplied by a feeder is multiplied by the demand factor to determine the
load for which the feeder must be sized. this load is termed the maximum demand of the
feeder. The sum of the maximum demand loads for a number of subfeeders divided by the
diversity factor for the sub feeders will give the maximum demand load to be supplied by
the feeder from which the subfeeders are derived.
Hope this will help you.
__________________

Formulas and rule of thumb for Electrical calculations


kVA to Current

Current= 1.443 x kVA ( 3 phase 400 Volts)


Current= 1.39 x kVA ( 3 phase 415 Volts)
Eg:- 1000 kVA Transformers Full load current on LT side
1.443 x 1000= 1443 Amperes ( 3 phase 400 Volts)
1.39 x 1000 = 1390 Amperes ( 3 phase 415 Volts)
kW to Current
Current= 1.8 x kW (3 phase 400 Volts)
Current= 1.74 x kW (3 phase 415 Volts)
Power in 3 Phase circuit
kW= \/ 3 x V x I x cos
V= Line voltage ( 400 or 415 Volts)
I = Per phase current (Ampere)
Capacitor current
I c= kVAr /\/ 3 x V

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