icht dem Anderungsdienst Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie UDC 621.753.1 : 621.7 : 621.9 : 744.43 DEUTSCHE NORM April 1991 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions and geometrical tolerances (not to be used for new designs) Allgemeintoleranzen; Langen- und Winkelmase, Form und Lage (nicht far Neukonstruktionen) Supersedes May 1981 ‘edition of DIN 7168 Part 1 and July 1966 ‘edition of DIN 7168 Part 2. ‘This standard is not to be used for new designs. General tolerances for these are now covered by ISO 2768 Parts 1 and 2. ‘See also clause 1 and the Explanatory notes. {In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. 1 Scope This standard is intended to ensure that all drawings prepared to date in which general tolerances have been specified on the basis of DIN 7168 will remain intelligible {and be interpreted correctly, and also to inform the user of this standard that, for all new designs, tolerances are to be sspecitied on the basis of {SO 2768 Parts 1 and 2. 2. Field of application Goneral tolerances as specified in this standard are applicable for the dimensions of parts produces by metal removal (ie, chip removal), unless this involves special ‘manufacturing processes for which other standards spe tying general tolerances apply. General tolerances as specitied here shall apply when reference is made to this standard in drawings or asso- lated documents (e.g. delivery conditions) in accordance with clause 5 I special general tolerances are specified in accordance with other standards (cf. page 6), the standards concerned shall be Indicated on the drawing or in the associated documents. If, in cases where production specifications contain references to more than one standard on general tolerances, there is any doubt as to which standard is to apply for a given linear or angular dimension, then the standard specifying the larger tolerance shall be deemed to apply ‘Accordingly, a dimension between an unfinished and a finished surtace on a blank (e.g. on a casting biank or forging blank), for which no individual tolerance has been indicated, will be required to meet the general tolerance ‘given in the relevant standard on blanks, provided that is indeed the larger tolerance. However, for a dimension between two finished surfaces, the general tolerance ‘specified in DIN 7168 shall always apply Production specitications in which linear or angular dimen sions (but not auxiliary dimensions) appear without individ: ually indicated tolerances shall be consideredincomplete it there ts no reference, or inadequate reference, to general tolerances. ‘Butt Verlag GmDF, Boi Ras the exGuslve rah o cals for Geman Slandard [OW Worman) 0299 General tolerances as specified in this standard apply for: a) linear dimensions. such as external sizes, internal sizes, stop sizes, diameters, clearances (cf. table 1), external radii and chamfer heights for broken edges (ct table 2) angular dimensions (ct. table 3), both those indicated ‘and those not usually indicated on drawings, such as 90" angles or the angles of regular polygons; linear and angular dimensions produced by machining assembled parts; ‘workpiece features for which no individual tolerances of form and position are indicated General tolerances as specified in this standard do not apply for: 4) linear and angular dimensions and workpiece features for which tolerances have been individually indicated; ») linear and angular dimensions and workpiece features for which other standards on general tolerances are ‘specitiod in drawings or associated documents; ©) auxiliary dimensions enciosed in brackets (ct. DIN 406 Part 2) 4) theoretically exact dimensions enclosed in rectangular frames as specified in ISO 1101, ©) angular dimensions on circular graduations; #) 90° angles, not indicated on the drawing, between lines forming coordinate axes: {9) linear and angular dimensions produced by the assem- bly of parts; hh) workpiece features which are not praduced by removal cof material, in accordance with the indication of a ser finished product on drawings. °) For concepts relating to manufacturing processes, see DIN 8580) Continued on pages 2107 DIN 7168 Engl Price Group 8 Sas No, 0108Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie Page 2 DIN 7168 3 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions 3.1 Linear dimensions ‘Table 1. Permissible deviations for linear dimensions, except for external radii and chamfer heights Permissible deviations, in mm, for nominal sizes, in mm, Tolerance | trom | over | over | over | over | over | over | over | over | over | over | over clase 05 | 3 | 8 | a0 | 120 | 400 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 8000 | +2000 | 16000 to | upte | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto | upto 3 | 6 | 30 | 120 | 400 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 8000 | 12000 | 16000 | 20000 tine) £005 |#005| +01 |+o18! +02 | +03 | +05 -[-][- mimedium) [+01 |=01 | +02 [+03 | +05 | #08 | 12 a3 [ealeslie 9 (coarse) zo15[+02 | 05 |+08 |+12| 42 |+s [+4 | as [te l/e7)re satverycoarse)| - [20s [+1 [+15 |+2 [+a [za [te | te | 210] 212 | 12 Table 2, Permissible deviations for external radii, + (cl. figure 1 for example), and chamfer heights, + (Cl. figure 2 tor example} Permissible deviations, in mm, for nominal sizes, in mm, Tolerance | from | over | over | over | over class 05} 3 | 6 | 30 | 120 to | upto | upto | up to | up to 3 | 6 | 30 | 120 | 400 (fine) 4o2|+05| 41 | #2] 44 ‘m (medium) + 9 (coarse) to2\+1 | +2] 24] +8 189 (very coarse) +) For nominal sizes below 0,5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size Figure + Figure 2 3.2 Angular dimensions General tolarances for angular dimensions apply irrespec- ‘ive of the actual dimensions of the lengths, 6. the angular ‘deviations may occur both on workpieces with maximum- material sizes and on workpieces with minimum-material sizes, The upper and lower deviations do not limit the form deviations of the legs or surtaces forming the angle. Note. In tho case of workpieces exhibiting deviations of form, the angle is defined by the direction of the straight lines or planes applied to the two angle legs under the minimum material conditions (et. 1SO 1101 for the definition of the minimum condi- tion) "} For nominal sizes below 0,5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size Table 3. Permissible deviations for angular dimensions Permissible deviations, in Units of angle, tor nominal sizes of the shorter leg, in mm, Tolerance class over | over | over over | 10 | 50 | 120 | over 10 | upto] upto| upto | 400 50 | 120 | 400 *tine) 1° |30°|+20'|+10°|4 5: m (medium) 9 (coarse) 39 (very coarse) 4 General geometrical tolerances 4.1 Tolerancing principle as specified in ISO 8015 General tolerances based on the tolerancing principle specified in ISO8015 are only to be applied wnen the drawing concerned contains the relerence “Tolerancing to 180 8015". Where that is the case, the general geometrical tolerances (i.e. the tolerances of form and position) apply independently of the actual local sizes of the workpiece feature. Each individual tolerance requirement must be ‘met. The general geometrical tolerances may thus also be applied even it the features are everywnere at their ‘maximum material size. For fits, the envelope requirement must also be specitied, and this shall be individually Indicated on the drawings (ct. Explanatory notes). 4.1.1 General tolerances of form 44.1.4 Straightness and flatness ‘The general tolerances on straightness and flatness shall be as specified in table 4. Tolerances on straightness shall ‘be selected from the table on the basis of the length of the corresponding line, while, for flatness tolerances, selec- tion shall be based on the longer lateral length of the Surface, or on the diameter of the circular surtace, 41.4.2 Circularity The genaral tolerance on circularity shall be equal to the ‘numerical value of the diameter tolerance, but in no case shall it be greater than the respective tolerance on radial run-out given in table 6 (ct. Explan ry notes).icht dem Anderungsdienst Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie Tabled. Geners {tolerances on straightness andflainess DIN 7168 Pages ‘General tolerances on straightness and flatness, In mm, for @ nominal size, in mm, of Tolerance class |upto| over | over30_ | over 120 | over 400 | over 1000 | aver 2000 | over 4000 | over | upto90 | upto 120. up to 400 | up to 1000 | up to 2000 | up to 4000 | up to 8000 | 8000 R 0.004] 001 002 (004 0.07, 01 = - - s 0.008) 002 | 004 008, 015 02 oa | T 0025] 005 | 012 0.25 04 06 12 18 tL we | . {vey u or | 028 | os | is 26 35 5 7 A413 Cylindricity General tolerances on cylindricty have not been specified Note. tthe envelope requirement is to apply to fits with cylindrical surfaces, the dimension concerned shall be identified by tne symbo! ©, (eg. 3 25 © or 2547 ©) 41.2. Geners 44.24 Par ‘The limitation ofthe deviation in parallelism is given either by the general tolerances on straightness or flatness (ct subclause 4.1.1.1), oF By the tolerance on the distance between the parallel lines oF surfaces, whichever is the ‘greater. ‘The longer ofthe two features shall be taken as the datum. I both features areof ihe samenominal size, then either may ‘serve as the datum. It, for tunctional reasons, these datum ‘specifications are not permissible, then the tolerance on parallelism shall be individually indicated as specified in so 1101 Note. Ifthe envelope requirement is to apply tots with flat ‘mating surlaces, then the dimension concerned ‘shall be dentitied by the symbol ©, as specified in 180 8016 (e.g. 30 ©, or 307 ©). 41.2.2 Perpendicularity and inclination General tolerances on perpendicularity and inclination have not been specified. Instead, ne general tolerances on angular dimensions may be applied (et. subclause 32). 44.2.3 Symmetry The general tolerances for symmetrical, but not axially symmetrical, features are to be taken from table 5. These ‘general tolerances also apply in cases where one of the symmetrical features is axially symmetrical and the other isnot For general tolerances on symmetry, the longer featur ‘Shall be taken as the datum, That applies to all features which may be referred to each other. itboth features are of the same nominal length, then either may serve as the datum. I, for functional reasons, these datum specitica- tions are not permissibie, the tolerance on symmetry shall be individually indicated as specified in ISO 1101 4124 Coaxiality General tolerances on coaxiality have not been specitiog. ‘The deviation in coaxiality may in extreme cases be as ‘great as the tolerance value for radial run-out given in table 6, since the deviation in radial run-out comprises the deviation in coaxiality and the deviation in circularity (ct. Explanatory notes) Table 5. General tolerances on symmetry Tolerance Symmetry tolerance, class inn a 03 8 os T 1 uv 41.25 Radial run-out The general tolerances on radial run-out shall be es specified in table 6. For general tolerances on radial run= ‘out, the bearing surfaces shall be taken as the datum, i they are designated as such. Otherwise, the longer of the ‘wo features shall bo taken as the datum. If both features are of the same nominal size, either may serve as the datum, If for functional reasons, these datum specifica: tions are not permissible, the tolerance on radial run-out shall be individually indicated as specified in ISO 1101, 41.26 Axial run-out The general tolerances on axial run-out shall be as specifies in table 6 For general tolerances on axial run-out, the bearing surlaces shall be taken as the datum, they are designates as such. Otherwise, each ofthe axially symmetric features, may serve as the datum, Table 8. General tolerances on radial and axial run-out Tolerance Radial and axial class run-out tolerances, R oy [ s - 2 T 05 | ~ °icht dem Anderungsdienst Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie Page 4 DIN 7168 4.2 Tolerancing principle ‘envelope requirement without indication on drawing’ as specified in DIN 7167 42.1 Gener tolerances of form General tolerances of form have not been specified. All deviations in form shall ino individual tolerances of form have been indicated, be limited by the dimensional tolerances as follows. Shatt Cylinder Shatt_ Cylinder Tolerance. Minirmurn tit otsize Le Maximum limi of size Maximum limit of size u ae { cylinder ke Hole Tolerances, Minion ti ‘of size Maximum limit of size Maximum limit of size 4.22. General tolerances of position 4224. Parallelism For tolerances on parallelism, the specifications given in subclause 4.2.1 shall apply analogously, 42.2.2 Perpendicularity anc inclination General tolerances on perpendicularity and inclination have not been specified, Instead, the general tolerances for angular dimensions may be applied (ct. subclause 8 2) Note. Previously, the rule was that the deviations in perpendicularity should lie within the dimensional folerances, measured in a rectangular system of coordinates. In practice, however, this limitation was and is hardly ever observed in industry because it is seldom required for functional 4223 Symmetry For tolerances on symmetry of non-axially symmetrical workpiece features, the values specified in table 7 shall apply. These tolerances on symmetry shall also apply to relationships between workpiece features where one of the features is axially symmetrical and the other is not. + Tolerance, Tolerance Tolerance - Primm limit In the case of shafts, tho surface of th feature shall not exceed the geometrically ideal form (Cylinder) at its maximum materiat size (envel- ‘pe requirement), nor shall the actual dimen- sion bo smallor than the least material limit at any point Note, The cylinder at its maximum material limit is embodied by the GO ring gauge. “Minimum tit of size In the case of holes, the surtace of the feature shall not be smaller than the geometrically Ideal form (cylinder) at Its minimum materi size (envelope requirement), nor shall the actual dimension be greater than the maximum material size at any point Note. The cylinder at its minimum material limit of size is embodied by the GO plug gauge. of size Table 7. General tolerances on symmetry for non symmetrical workpiece features Tolerance Tolerance on clase symmetry, in etm 02") 006 on) a 7 015 A 03 ~ B - Os — c 1 D 2 - '} Mainly applies for precision engineering applications. The above symmetry tolerances may also obtain in the case of workpieces at their ‘maximum material size 4224 Radial and axial run-out For tolerances on radial run-outin the relationship of wo oF ‘more axially symmetrical workpiece features, and for tolerances on axial run-out, the values specified in table 8 shall apply.DIN 7168 Page 5 Table 8. General tolerances on radi in the relationship between axially symmetrical features, run-out ‘and general tolerances on axial run-out Tolerance on Tolerance teva fail and axial runout, 02) 02 ony 0.05 A oa °) Mainly applies for precision engin 19 applications. The above tolerances on radial run-out may also obtain in he case of workpieces at their ‘maximum material size’, but this does not apply to axial run-out tolerances, Decause axial run-out must always lie within the linear tolerances, ‘5 Designation and indication on drawings of general tolerances as specified in DIN 7168 5.1 Designation of general tolerances for dimensions, only Example: DIN 7168 —m DIN number — E Tolerance class mas per clause 3 o! his standarg__—— i 2 5.2. Designation of general tolerances based on ISO 8015 3 Example: z IN number Tolerance class m as per clause 3 for size tolerance Tolerance class 8 as per subclause 4.1 for tolerances of form and position 5.3 Designation of general tolerances based on principle of ‘envelope requirement without indication on ‘drawing’ as per DIN 7167 Example: DIN 7168 —m—C Tolerance class m as per clause 3 for size tolerance —__] Tolerance class C as per subclause 42 for tolerance of position Vom DIN autorisierte Kopieicht dem Anderungsdienst Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie Pages DIN 7168 Standards referred to DIN 406 Part2 Indication of dimensions on drawings DIN. 7167 Relationship between dimensional and geometrical tolerancing; envelope requirement without Individual tolerance indications DIN. 8580 (at present atthe stage of draft) Manufacturing processes: concepts and classification 'so 1101-1969 Technical drawings; geometrical tolerancing; tolerancing of form, erientation, location and eun-out, generalities, definitions, symbols, incications on drawings 10. 2768 Part 1: 1989 Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications 1S. 2768 Part 2:1989 Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications Iso 8016-1988 Technical drawings; fundamental tolerancing principle Other relevant standards DIN 1680 Part 1 Rough castings: general tolerances and machining allowances: general DIN 1680 Part2 Rough castings: general tolerances, DIN 1683Part1 Rough castings: general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1684 Part 1 Rough castings of malleable iron; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1685 Part 1 Rough castings of grey iron with nodular graphite; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1686Part1 Rough castings of grey iron with flake graphite; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1687 Part Heavy motal alloy rough castings; sand castings; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1687PartS Heavy metal alloy rough castings: chilled mould castings: general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1687 Part Heavy metal alloy rough castings; diecastings; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1688 Part _Light metal alloy rough castings; sand castings; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 1688 Part Light metal alloy rough castings: chilled mould castings; general tolerances and machining allowances: DIN 1688 Part Light metal alloy rough castings; dicastings; general tolerances and machining allowances DIN 6129 Packaging materials; glass bottles and hollow badies; permissible daviations for dimensions without tolerance indication in the case of bottles manutactured fully automatically DIN 6930 Part? Stamped stee! parts: cut parts from flat products; dimensions and permissible deviations DIN. 7526 Stee! forgings; tolerances and permissible deviations for drop forgings DIN 8570Part1 General tolerances for wolded structures; linear and angular dimensions DIN 8570Part3 General tolerances for welded structures; geometrical tolerances, DIN 28005 Part1 General tolerances for vessels: general purpose vessels IN 58 185 PermissibIe deviations for optical components; dimensions without individual tolerance indication: material and machining defects Previous editions DIN 7168: 02.56, 04.60, 03.65; DIN 7168 Part 1: 08.70, 08.77, 10.79, 05.81; DIN 7168 Part2: 01.74, 10.79, 05.81, 07.86, Amendments The May 1981 edition of DIN 7168 Part 1 andthe July 1986 edition of DIN 7168 Part2 have been combined in one standard, the ‘scope of which has been designated as not being applicable for new designs (see Explanatory notes}icht dem Anderungsdienst Ausdruck unterlieat Vom DIN autorisierte Kopie Explanatory notes ‘When this standard was being revised prior to publication ‘of the August 1977 edition, the aim was already to arrange ‘the content of the two Paris of the standard so that they would complement each other as much as possible Initially, the introduction in Part 2 of a table giving tol- ferances on perpendicularity and inclination was planned, ‘supplementary to table 3 in DIN 7168 Part 1. After thorough examination, however, this idea was abandoned. The reasons for this are given in the Explanatory notes to DIN 7168 Part 2 (May 1981 edition). In the past, misunderstandings and difficulties were quently experienced in connection with the values in mm peer 100 mm then stil specified in table 3. For this reason, the corresponding column in the table has been omitted, ‘and permissible deviations are now given in units of angi only. For cases where metrological reasons require ang lar dimensions to be converted into linear dimensions, the tangent values for the individual angles have been listed in table 9 below ‘The present standard should not be used for new designs, these now being covered by ISO 2768 Parts 1 and2.The ISO Standards are largely basea on the specifications of the former DIN Standards, For further details, please consult International Patent Classification 01821100 Gorp202 Gorse DIN 7168 Page 7 the national forewords to the German editions of 1S0 2768 Parts 1 and 2 ‘The Explanatory notes in the earlier editions of DIN 7168, Parts 1 and 2 explained in detail the concepts behind the tolerancing specifications, These explanations nave not been included in this edition. However, as this edition is, in torme ofits content, an otherwise unaltered combination ot the earlier standards, the explanations concerned remain relevant for the specifications made here. Table 9. Angles and their tangent values a 15° 0.0044 - 50° 00145 a) apm ows a | anor oes