www.sakshieducation.

com

CHAPTER 7
SUCCESSIVE DIFFERENTIATION
TOPICS:
1 . Successive differentiation-nth derivative of a function theorems.
2. Finding the nth derivative of the given function.
3. Leibnitzs theorem and its applications.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

SUCCESSIVE DIFFERENTIATION
Let f be a differentiable function on an interval I. Then the derivative f is a function of x and
if f is differentiable at x, then the derivative of f at x is called second derivative of f at x. It is
denoted by f(x) or f(2)(x).similarly, if f is differentialble at x , then this derivative is called the
3rd derivative of f and it is denoted by f(3)(x). Proceeding in this way the nth derivative of f is the
derivative of the function f(n-1)(x) and it the denoted by f(n)(x).
If y = f(x) then f (n) (x) is denoted by

and f

( n)

( x ) = lim
h 0

dn y
or Dn y or y(n) or yn
n
dx

f ( n 1) ( x + h ) f ( n 1) ( x )
h

THEOREM
If f(x) = (ax + b)m, m R, ax + b > 0 and n N then
f (n) (x) = m(m 1)(m 2)...(m n + 1)(ax + b) m n a n
Note :
If y = (ax + b)m then yn = m(m 1)(m 2) (m n + 1)(ax + b)mn an.
COROLLARY
If f(x) = (ax + b)m, m Z, m > 0, n N then
(i) m < n f(n)(x) = 0,
(ii) m = n f(n)(x) = n! an
m!
(iii) m > n f(n)(x) =
(ax + b) m n a n .
(m n)!
COROLLARY
If f(x) is a polynomial function of degree less than n where n N then f(n)(x) = 0.
THEOREM
(1) n n!a n
(1) n n!a n
1
1
(n)
yn =
If f (x) =
then f (x) =
.(i.e., If y =
)
ax + b
ax + b
(ax + b)n +1
(ax + b)n +1

THEOREM

If f(x) = log |ax + b| and n N then f (n) (x) =

i.e., y = log |ax+b| y n =

(1)n 1 (n 1)!a n
.
(ax + b) n

(1)n 1 (n 1)!a n
(ax + b) n
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

THEOREM
n

If f(x) = sin(ax + b) and n N then f (n) (x) = a n sin ax + b + .

2

THEOREM
n

If f(x) = cos(ax + b) and n N then f (n) (x) = a n cos ax + b + .

2

THEOREM

If f(x) = eax+b and n N then f (n) (x) = a n eax + b .

THEOREM

If f(x) = cax+b, c > 0 and n N then f (n) (x) = a n cax + b (log c) n .

THEOREM

If f(x) = eax sin(bx + c) and n N then f (n) (x) = r n eax sin(bx + c + n) where a = r cos , b = r sin
b
and r = a 2 + b 2 , = Tan 1
a
THEOREM

If f(x) = eax cos(bx + c) and n N then f (n) (x) = r n eax cos(bx + c + n) where a = r cos , b = r sin
b
and r = a 2 + b 2 , = Tan 1 .
a
Note:
If f, g are two functions in x having their nth derivatives then

(f g)(n)(x) = f (n) (x) g (n) (x) .

Note:

If f is a function in x having nth derivative and k R then (kf )(n) (x) = kf (n) (x) .

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
EXERCISE 7 (a)

1.

Find the nth derivative of sin3x.

3sin x sin 3x
4
n
n
d
Differentiate n times w.r.t x,
( sin 3 x ) = 14 dxd n ( 3sin x sin 3x )
dx n
1
n
n

= 3n.sin 3x + + 3sin x + n z
4
2
2

Sol: we know that

2.

sin 3x = 3sin x 4 sin 3 x

sin 3 x =

Find the nth derivative of sin 5x. sin 3x.?

1
2

Sol: let y = sin 5x.sin 3x = ( 2sin 5x.sin 3x )

1
( cos 2x cos8x )
2
1
y = ( cos 2x cos8x )
2

y=

Differentiate n times w.r.t x,

yn =

3.
Sol:

1 dn
( cos 2x cos8x )
2 dx n

n n
n

8 .cos 8x + n z
2

y n = 2n cos 2x +
2
2

Find nth derivative of

e x .cos x.cos 2x
1
1
cos x.cos 2x = ( 2cos 2x.cos x ) = ( cos3x + cos x )
2
2

Let y =

ex
( cos 3x + cos x )
2

Differentiate n times w.r.t x,

yn =
yn =

4.

1 dn x
( e cos 3x + ex cos x )
2 dx n

( )

n
n
ex
10 cos ( 3x + n tan 1 3) +
2

If y =

( x 1)( x 2 )

Sol: Given y =

( )

+ cos ( x + n tan 1 1) n z

ex
2

n2
n

n/2
1
10 cos ( 3x + n tan 3) + 2 cos x + 4

find y n

1
1
(
=

( x 1)( x 2 ) x 2 x 1
2

partial fractions)

Differentiate n times w.r.t x,

( 1)n n! ( 1)n n!

1
1
n

yn = 2
= 2 ( 1) n!

n +1
n +1
n +1
n +1
( x 2 )
( x 2 )
( x 1)
( x 1)

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

5.

If y =

Sol: Let

2x + 1
, find y n
x2 4
2x + 1
A
B
=
+
x2 4 x 2 x + 2

2x + 1 = A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x 2 ) -----(1)
5
4
3
In (1) , x = 2 3 = B ( 4 ) B =
4
2x + 1
5
3
Therefore, y = 2
=
+
x 4 4 ( x 2) 4 ( x + 2)

In (1) ,Put x = 2 5 = A ( 4 ) A =

Differentiate n times w.r.t. x,

1.

5
3
+

4 ( x 2) 4 ( x + 2)

yn =

dn
dx n

yn =

n
n
5 ( 1) n! 3 ( 1) n!
+

4 ( x 2 )n +1 4 ( x + 2 )n +1

x
x + x +1

(v)

n!
5
3

+
n +1
n +1
4 ( x 2 )
( x + 2 )
n

Find the nth derivative of (i)

(iv)

( 1)

(ii)

( x 1) ( x + 1)
2

x +1
x2 4

( x 1)( x + 2 )

(vi) Log ( 4x 2 9 )

Sol: i)

Let y =

( x 1) ( x + 1)
2

Resolving into partial fractions

x

A
B
C
+
+
x 1 ( x 1)2 x + 1

( x 1) ( x + 1)
2
x = A ( x 1)( x + 1) + B ( x + 1) + C ( x 1) ----- (1
2

In (1 ), put x = 1 1 = B (1 + 1) = 2B B =

1
2

In (1 ), put x = 1 1 = C ( 1 1)2 = 4C C =

1
4

Equating the co . efficient of x 2 A + B = 0 A =

Therefore, y =

1
2

1
1
1
+

2
2 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 4 ( x + 1)

Differentiate n times w.r.t. x,

yn =

dn
dx n

1
1
1

2
2 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 4 ( x + 1)

www.sakshieducation.com

(iii)

x3
( x 1)( x + 1)

www.sakshieducation.com

( 1) n!
1 ( 2 )( 3) ..... ( 2 n + 1) 1 ( 1) n!
yn =
++

n +1
n+2
2
4 ( x + 1)n +1
2 ( x 1)
( x 1)
n
n
n
( 1) n! ( 1) ( n + 1)! 1 ( 1) n!
=
+

n +1
n+2
4 ( x + 1)n +1
2. ( x 1)
2 ( x 1)
n

= ( 1)n n!

2 ( x 1)

(ii)

y=

n +1

n +1
2 ( x 1)

n+2

1
4 ( x + 1)

n +1

( x 1)( x + 2)

Resolving into partial fractions

( x 1)( x + 2 )
1=A ( x + 2) + B ( x 1)( x + 2) + C ( x 1) ---(1)

A
B
C
+
+
x 1 x + 2 ( x + 2 )2

In (1) put x = 1 1 = A (1 + 2 ) = 9A A =
2

1
9

In (1) put x = 2 1 = C ( 2 1) = 3C C =

1
3

Equating the co efficient of x 2 In (1)

A + B = 0 B = A =
y=

1
9

1
1
1

9 ( x 1) 9 ( x + 2 ) 3 ( x + 2 )2

Differentiate n times w.r.t. x ,

1
1
1

9 ( x 1) 9 ( x + 2 ) 3 ( x + 2 )2

yn =

dn
dx n

yn =

( 1) n!
( 1) n!

n +1
n +1
9 ( x 1)
9 ( x + 2)
n

(iii) y =
Ans:

1 ( 1) ( n + 1)
1
1
n +1
= ( 1)n n!

n+2
n +1
n +1
n+2
3 ( x + 2)
9 ( x + 2)
3 ( x + 2 )
9 ( x 1)

x3
( x 1)( x + 1)

( 1)

n!
1
1
+

n +1
n +1
2
( x + 1)
( x 1)
n

x
x2 + x +1
n
( 1) n!
1

Ans: y n = n +1 cos ( n + 1) sin ( n + 1)

r
3

x +1
(v) y = 2
x 4
n

( 1) n! 3
1
Ans:
+

n +1
n +1
4
( x + 2 )
( x 2 )

( iv)

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

(vi)

y = log ( 4x 2 9 )

Given y = log ( 4x 2 9 ) = log [ 2x 3][ 2x + 3]

= log ( 2x 3) + log ( 2x + 3)
Differentiating n times,
yn =

dn
( log ( 2x 3) + log ( 2x + 3) )
dx n

( 1) 2n ( n 1)! ( 1) 2n ( n 1)!
+
yn =
n
n
( 2x 3)
( 2x + 3)
n 1

n 1

= ( 1)n 1 2n ( n 1)!

( 2x 3)

( 2x + 3)
1

a + bx
2
then show that 2y1 y3 = 3y
c + dx
2
a + bx
Sol: Given y =
c + dx

2.

If y =

Differentiate w.r.t.x ,

dy ( c + dx ) b ( a + bx ) .d
=
2
dx
( c + dx )

y1= bc + bdx ad2 bdx = bc ad2

( c + dx )

( c + dx )

Again diff. w.t.t x,

y2 =

( bc ad )( 2 ) d 2d ( bc ad )
=
3
3
( c + dx )
( c + dx )

Diff.wrt.x, we get
y3 =

2d ( bc ad )( 3) .d

( c + dx )

6d 2 ( bc ad )

( c + dx )
2 ( bc ad ) 6d 2 ( bc ad )
L.H.S.= 2y1 y3 =
=
.
2
4
( c + dx )
( c + dx )
4

12d 2 ( bc ad )

( c + dx )

2d ( bc ad )
3
= 3y 22
3
( c + dx )

=R.H.S.

3.
If y = sin (sinx ), then show that y 2 + ( tan x ) y1 + y cos 2 x = 0
Sol: Given y = sin (sinx)
Diff. wrt x,
y1 = cos ( sin x ) cos x

Diff. wrt x,

y 2 = cos x sin ( sin x ) cos x cos ( sin x ) sin x

= cos 2 x.sin ( sin x ) sin x.cos ( sin x )

LHS= y2 + ( tan x ) y1 + y cos2 x
= cos 2 x sin ( sin x ) sin x.cos ( sin x ) +

sin x
cos x ( sin x ) + sin x.cos ( sin x ) = 0 =
cos x

www.sakshieducation.com

RHS.

www.sakshieducation.com

4.
If y = ax n +1 + bx n , then show that x 2 y 2 = n ( n + 1) y .
Sol: y = ax n +1 + bx n

Diff. wrt. X,
y1 = a ( n + 1) x n bnx

( n +1)

Diff. wrt x, y2 = a.n ( n + 1) x n 1 + bn.( n + 1) x ( n + 2)

x 2 .y2 = n ( n + 1) .x2 a.xn 1 + b.xn 2

= n ( n + 1) ( ax n +1 + bx n ) = n ( n + 1) y
5.

If y = ae nx + be nx , then show that y2 = n 2 y

Sol: y = ae nx + be nx
y1 = a.n.e nx bn.e nx
y 2 = an 2 e nx + bn 2 .e nx = n 2 ( ae nx + be nx )

y2 = n 2 y
6.

If y = e

Sol. y = e

kx
2

kx
2

( a cos nx + b sin nx ) then show that

k2
y 2 + ky1 + n 2 +
4

y = 0.

( a cos nx + b sin nx )

Differentiating w.r.to x.
y1 = e

kx
2

k 2lx
e [ a cos nx + b sin nx ]
2

[ an sin nx + bn cos nx ] +

kx

k
2

y1 = +e 2 n ( a sin nx + bcos nx ) y
k
2

y1 + y = + n.e

kx
2

( a sin nx + b cos nx ) (1)

Differentiating w.r.to x.
y2 +

kx
kx
k
k
y1 = + n.e 2 ( a sin nx + b cos nx ) + n.e 2 [ an.conx bn sin nx ]
2
2

k
k2
k
k
= y1 + y n 2 y = y1 y n 2 y
2

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

k2
y 2 + ky1 + n 2 +
4

7.

y = 0

If f(x) = (x-a)2 ( x ) where is a polynomial with rational co-efficient, then show that
f(a) = 0 = f 1 ( a ) and f ( a ) = 2 ( a )

Sol: Given f ( x ) = ( x a )2 ( x )

Diff. wrt. X,
f '( x ) = ( x a ) '( x ) + 2( x a ) ( x )
2

Diff.wrt.x,
f ( x ) = ( x a ) ( x ) + 2 ( x a ) ( x ) + 2 ( x a ) ( x ) + 2 ( x ) =
2

(x a)

( x ) + 4 ( x a ) ( x ) + 2 ( x )

Now f ( a ) = ( a a )2 ( a ) = 0. ( a ) = 0
And f ' ( a ) = 0. ( a ) + 0. ( a ) = 0 + 0 = 0
f ( a ) = 0 = f ( a )
f ( a ) = 0. ( a ) + 4.0 ( a ) + 2 ( a ) = 2 ( a ) .

8.

If y =

e x .cos x ,

then show that y 4 + 4y = 0

Sol: y = e x .cos x

Here a =1 , b=1 and n=4

a 2 + b2

)e

) e cos(x + 4 tan

1 1

y = eax cos(bx + c) yn =
Now y 4 =

12 + 12

y4 =

( 2 ) e cos(x + 4tan

y4 =

( 2)

ax

b
cos(bx + c + n) where = Tan 1 .
a

1)

e x cos(x + 4 ) y 4 = 4e x cos x
4

y4 = 4 y y4 + 4 y = 0

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

9.

If y = x + tan x , then show that y 2 cos 2 x + 2x = 2y

10.

If y 1 + x 2 = log x + 1 + x 2 , then show that (1 + x 2 ) y1 + xy = 1

Sol: y 1 + x 2 = log x + 1 + x 2

Differentiating w.r.to x ,
y

1
2 1+ x2

2x + 1 + x 2 .y1

2x
1 +
2
1
+
x

x + 1+ x
1

(1 + x 2 ) y1 + xy = 1 + x 2 .

11.

1
x + 1+ x2

1+ x2 + x
1+ x2

=1

If y = a cos x + (b + 2x) sin x, then show that y 2 + y = 4 cos x

Sol: y = a cosx + ( b + 2x) sinx ______(1)

Differentiating w.r.to x
y1 = a sin x + ( b + 2x ) .cos x + 2sin x

Again differentiating w.r.to x

y2 = a cos x + 2cos x ( b + 2x ) sin x + 2 cosx

= 4 cos x a cos x + ( b + 2x ) .sin x

=4 cosx y ( from ( 1))
Hence y2 + y = 4cos x
a + be 4 x ,

then show that y 2 + 4y1 = 0

12.

If y =

13.

If y = ax + b log x, then show that ( x 2 log x x 2 ) y2 xy1 + y = 0

Sol: Given y = ax + blogx

Differentiating wrt. X,
y1 = a +

b
,
x

Diff. wrt.x , y2 =

b
x2
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Now L.H.S = ( x 2 log x x 2 ) y2 xy1 + y

b
b

= x 2 ( log x 1) 2 x a + + ax + b log x
x
x

= b ( log x 1) ax b + ax + b log x
= - b log x +b b log x = 0 =R.H.S
14.

If y = a cosec (b x), then show that yy2 2 y12 = y 2

Sol: y = a cosec (b x) -----(1)

Differentiating w.r.to x

y1 = a cos ec ( b x ) cot ( b x )( 1)
y1 =y.cot(b x) ----(2)
Diff .with respect x,

y2 = y cos ec 2 ( b x )( 1) + cot ( b x ) . y1
= y cos ec 2 ( b x ) + y1 cot ( b x )
y2 = y cos ec

(b x ) +

yy2 = y cos ec
2

y12
y

( b x ) + y12

yy2 = 2 y12 cos ec 2 ( b x ) y 2 cot 2 ( b x ) = y 2

15.

If ay 4 = ( x + b ) , then show that 5 yy2 = y12 .

5

Sol: Given ay 4 = ( x + b )
y =

1
5
( x + b)
a

y=

( x + b)

( finding the 4th root)

Differentiating w.r.to x, y1 =

1 5
1/4
. .( x + b )
1
a 4 4

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

Diff.wrt.x, y2 =

1 5 1
3/4
. . ( x + b)
1
a 4 4 4

Now
L.H.S = 5 yy2 = 5

1
a

( x + b)

5
16a

( x + b)

25

( )

16 a

( x + b)

1
5
= 1 ( x + b ) 4 = y12
4a 4

If y = 6(x+1) +(A+Bx)e3x, then show that y2 6 y1 + 9 y = 54 x + 18

16.
III.

If [ , ] be such that cos =

1.

x
x +1
2

and sin =

1
1 + x2

2 ( 1) ( n 1) !
i) n derivative of tan 2 x 2 is
sin n
n/2
1 x
1 + x2
11

th

n 1
1+ x
n
ii) nth derivative of tan 1
is ( 1) ( n 1) !sin sin n
1 x

3x x3
n 1
is 3 ( 1) . ( n 1) !sin n ( sin n)
iii) nth derivative of tan1
2
1 3x
2x
, put x = tan then =tan-1x
Sol: i) let y = tan 1
2
1 x
2 tan
1
1
y = tan 1
= tan ( tan 2) = 2 = 2 tan x
2
1
tan

Therefore,

y = 2 tan 1 x

Differentiate wrt. X,
2
1
y1 = 2
=
2
2
1+ x 1+ x
1 1
1
( partial fractions)

y1 =
i x i x + i
www.sakshieducation.com

x R, then prove that

www.sakshieducation.com

Differentiating n-1 times w.rt. x,

1 1
1
yn = D n 1

i x i x + i
n 1
n 1
1 ( 1) ( n 1) ! ( 1) ( n 1) !
=

___(1)
n
i ( x i )n
( x + i )

let x = r cos and 1=r sin sin =

1
r

Then x + i = r ( cos + i sin )

Now 1 + x 2 = r 2 r = 1 + x 2
1
1
= tan 1
x
x

and tan =

Now ( x + i ) = r n ( cos n + i sin n )

n

( x + i)

( x i)

= r n ( cos n i sin n )

= r n ( cos n i sin n )

( x i)

( x + i)

( x i)

= r n ( cos n+ i sin n)

= r n ( 2i sin n ) ___(2)

1
n 1
From (1) and (2) yn = ( 1) ( n 1) !{r n ( 2i sin n )}

i
= 2 ( 1)

n 1

= 2 ( 1)

n 1

( n 1)!

1
sin n
rn

( n 1)!sin n.sin n ( )

1
= sin
r
n

= 2 ( 1)

n 1

1
sin n
n 1
1
, = tan 1
( n 1)!sin n
= 2 ( 1) ( n 1) !
n
2
x
1+ x
(1 + x 2 ) 2
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

ii)

1+ x
1
1
Let y = tan 1
= tan (1) + tan ( x ) proceed as above problem
1 x

3x x3
iii) Let y = tan 1
= 3 tan 1 ( x ) as above problem.
2
1
3

2.

If ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 1 , then show that

d2y
h 2 ab
=
dx 2 ( hx + by )3

Sol: Given equation

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 1 _______(1)
Differentiating w.r.to x,
dy
dy

a ( 2 x ) + 2h x. + y.1 + b.2 y
=0
dx
dx

dy
( hx + by ) = 2 ( ax + hy )
dx

( ax + hy ) _______(2)
dy
=
dx
( hx + by )

Differentiating w.r.to x

dy
dy
( hx + by ) a + h ( ax + hy ) h + b.

dx
dx
d y

=
2
2
dx
( hx + by )
2

h ( ax + hy )

b ( ax + hy )
( hx + by ) a
+ ( ax + hy ) h

hx + by
hx + by

=
2
( hx + by )

( hx + by ) ( ahx + aby ahx h 2 y ) + ( ax + hy ) ( h2 x + bhy ahx bhy )

3
( hx + by )
( hx + by ) ( ab h2 ) y + ( ax + hy ) ( h2 ah ) x
=
3
( hx + by )
=

(h

(h

ab )( hxy + by 2 + ax 2 + hxy )

( hx + by )

ab )( ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 )

( hx + by )

(h

ab ) .1

( hx + by )

(h

ab )

( hx + by )

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

3.

If y = ae bx cos ( cx + d ) then show that y2 + 2by1 + ( b 2 + c 2 ) y = 0

Sol: y = ae bx cos ( cx + d ) ---------(1)

Diff. wr.t x,
y1 = a.ebx sin ( cx + d ) c + a cos ( cx + d ) ebx ( b )

= ( b ) . y ac.e bx .sin ( cx + d )
y1 + by = ac.e bx sin ( cx + d ) ______(2)

Differentiating w.r.to x
y2 + by1 = ac ( e bx cos ( cx + d ) ) .c + ( b ) e bx .sin ( cx + d ))

= c 2 ( a.e bx cos ( cx + d ) ) b ac.e bx sin ( cx + d )

= c 2 a.e bx cos ( cx + d ) b ae.e bx sin ( cx + d )
= c 2 y b ( y1 + by )

from (1) and (2)

= c 2 y by1 b 2 y
y2 + 2by1 + ( b 2 + c 2 ) y = 0 .

4.

if y =

dn n
1 1
1

x log x ) , prove that yn = n ! log x + 1 + + ....... + ( x > 0 )

n (
dx
n
2 3

Sol.

yn =

dn n
( x .log x)
dx n

= Dn1 Dx n .log x

= Dn1 x n + nx n1 log x
x

= Dn1 x n1 + nx n1 log x

= Dn1 x n1 + nDn1 x n1 log x

= ( n 1)!+ n. yn1

yn nyn1 = ( n 1) !
dividing with n!,
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

yn
y
1
n1 = ------(1)
n ! ( n 1) ! n
In (1), put n=1,2,3,4,5-----n, then
y1 y0
=1
1! 0!
y2 y1 1
=
2! 1! 2

yn 1
y
1
n2 =
( n 2 )! ( n 2 ) ( n 1)
yn
y
1
n1 =
n ! ( n 1) ! n
Adding above n equations, we get
yn y0
1
1
= 1 + + ..... +
n ! 1!
2
n

yn y0
1
1
= + 1 + + ..... +
n ! 1!
2
n

yn y0
1
1
= + 1 + + ..... +
n ! 1!
2
n

yn = n !

y0
1
1
+ 1 + + ..... +
n
2
1!

1
1

yn = n ! log x + 1 + + ..... + , here y 0 = D 0 x 0 log x = log x

2
n

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

LEIBNITZ THEOREM

If f, g are two functions in x having nth derivatives then

(fg)(n) (x) = n C0f (n) (x)g(x) + n C1f (n1) (x)g(x) + n C2f (n 2) (x)g (2) (x) + ... + n Cr f (n r) (x)g (r) (x) +

... + n C n f (x)g (n) (x) .

Proof :
Let S(n) be the statement that
(fg) n (x) = n C 0 f n (x)g(x) + n C1f n 1 (x)g (x) +... + n C r f (n r) (x)g r (x) + ... + n C n f (x)g n (x)

Now (fg)(x) = f (x)g(x) + g(x)f (x) ( product rule)

From above statement, (fg)1 = 1C 0 f (x)g(x) + 1C1f (x)g (x)
S(1) is true.
Assume that S(k) is true.
(fg) (k ) (x) = k C 0 f (k ) (x)g(x) + k C 2 f (k 1) (x)g (x) + ... + k C r f (k r) (x)g (r) (x) + ... + k C k f (x)g (k) (x)

Now
(fg)(k +1) (x) = [(fg)(k) (x)]
d k
=
C0 f (k) (x)g(x) + k C 2f (k 1) (x)g(x) + ... + k C r f (k r) (x)g (r) (x) + ... + k C k f (x)g (k) (x)
dx

C0 f (k +1) (x)g(x) + k C0 f (k) (x)g(x) + k C1f (k) (x)g(x) + k C1f (k 1) (x)g (2) (x) + ... +
k

C r f (k r +1) (x )g (r) (x) + k Cr f (k r) (x)g (r +1) (x) +... + k C k f (x)g (k) (x) + k C k f (x)g (k +1) (x)

= f (k +1) (x)g(x) + k C0 + k C1 f (k) (x)g(x) + k C1 + k C 2 f (k 1) (x)g (2) (x) + ... +

k
k

C r 1 + C r

f (k r +1) (x)g (r) (x) + ... + f (x)g (k +1) (x)

(k +1)

C 0 f (k +1) (x)g(x) + (k +1) C1f (k +11) (x)g (x) + (k +1) C 2 f (k +1 2) (x)g (2) (x) + ... + (k +1) C r f (k +1 r) (x)
g (r) (x) + ... + (k +1) C k +1f (x)g (k +1) (x)

S(k + 1) is true.
By principle of Mathematical Induction S(n) is true for all n N.
(fg) (n ) (x) = n C 0 f (n ) (x)g(x) + n C1f (n 1) (x)g (x) + ... + n C r f (n r) (x)g (2) (x) + ... + n C n f (x)g (n ) (x)

www.sakshieducation.com