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Write Any Differentiable Function F

The document summarizes how to write differentiable functions f(x) and g(x) as a sum of their value and derivative at zero plus remaining terms that approach zero as x approaches zero. It then shows that by dividing the expressions for f(x) and g(x), if their values at zero are also zero, the limit of the ratio of their derivatives must be equal. Finally, it generalizes this to functions of two variables f(x,y) by writing it as the sum of its value and partial derivatives at (0,0) plus a remaining term that approaches zero as the distance from (0,0) approaches zero.

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28 views

Write Any Differentiable Function F

The document summarizes how to write differentiable functions f(x) and g(x) as a sum of their value and derivative at zero plus remaining terms that approach zero as x approaches zero. It then shows that by dividing the expressions for f(x) and g(x), if their values at zero are also zero, the limit of the ratio of their derivatives must be equal. Finally, it generalizes this to functions of two variables f(x,y) by writing it as the sum of its value and partial derivatives at (0,0) plus a remaining term that approaches zero as the distance from (0,0) approaches zero.

Uploaded by

lalasois
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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write any differentiable function f ( x) as :

f ( x )=f ( 0 ) + x f ' ( 0 )+ xe ( x ) (1)


lim x 0 e ( x )=0
where the function e (x) has the property that
(This same fact

can be derived via Taylor series, and a similar one via the mean value theorem).
In a similar way we may write the differentiable function g( x)

as :

g ( x ) =g ( 0 )+ x g' ( 0 ) + xh ( x ) (2)
lim x 0 h ( x )=0
where the function h(x ) has the property that

So, by dividing (1) and (2) we have :


f (x) f (0)+ xf '(0)+ xe (x)
=
(3)
g ( x) g (0)+ xg ' (0)+ xh(x )
Now if f ( 0 )=g ( 0 )=0

from equation (3) we get

f (x) 0+ xf ' (0)+ xe (x) xf ' (0)+ xe( x )


=
=
g ( x) 0+ xg ' (0)+ xh (x) xg ' (0)+ xh( x )
or by taking the limits
'
lim x 0 x g ( 0 ) +lim x 0 xh ( x )=

lim x 0 xe ( x )
'
lim x 0 x f ( 0 ) +

x f ' ( 0 )+ xe ( x )
lim x 0 '
=
x g ( 0 ) + xh ( x )
f (x)
lim x 0
=
g(x)

'

f (0)
lim x 0 '
g (0)
x f ' (0)
lim x 0 ' =
x g ( 0)
lim x 0 x g' ( 0 )=
lim x 0 x f ' ( 0 )

lim x 0 x g' ( 0 ) +0=


lim x 0 x f ' ( 0 )+ 0

In the case of a two variable differentiable function f (x , y ) we have


f ( x , y ) =f ( 0,0 ) + x f x ( 0,0 )+ y f y ( 0,0 )+ e( x , y)
where
e(x , y)
=0
(x , y)

lim ( x , y ) (0,0)

2
2
and in this case ( x , y ) = ( x0 ) + ( y 0 ) = x + y is the distance of point
2

( x , y ) from the point ( 0,0 ) .

Reference https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/lhopitals-rule-for-multivariatefunctions.272716/

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