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4 Periodic Table 3

Mendeleev's periodic table from 1871 arranged the elements into groups based on similarities in their chemical properties. It placed the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and predicted properties of undiscovered elements. This work established the fundamental principles of periodicity, though the table had some inherent defects since it was not based on atomic number. Atomic number was discovered in 1913 by Moseley, allowing the modern periodic table to be arranged by increasing atomic number, with elemental properties now seen as periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

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9 views

4 Periodic Table 3

Mendeleev's periodic table from 1871 arranged the elements into groups based on similarities in their chemical properties. It placed the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and predicted properties of undiscovered elements. This work established the fundamental principles of periodicity, though the table had some inherent defects since it was not based on atomic number. Atomic number was discovered in 1913 by Moseley, allowing the modern periodic table to be arranged by increasing atomic number, with elemental properties now seen as periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

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MODULE - 2

Chemistry

Atomic Structure and


Chemical Bonding

Table 4.1 Mendeleevs Table of 1871


Group

Oxide
Hydride

Notes

II

III

R2O
RH

IV

RO
RH2
B A

R2 O 3
RH3

Li
6.939

Be
9.012

B
10.81

C
12.011

N
14.007

O
15.999

F
18.998

Na
22.99

Mg
24.31

Al
29.98

Sl
28.09

P
30.974

S
32.06

Cl
35.453

Zn
65.37

5 First Rb
Sr
series: 85.47
87.62
Second
Ag
Cd
series:
107.87
112.40

Ga
69.72
Y
88.91
In
114.82

Ti
47.90

Ge
72.59

V
50.94

As
74.92

Zr
91.22
Sn
118.69

Nb
92.91
Sb
121.75

6 First Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
series: 132.90
137.34
138.91
178.49
180.95
Second
Au
Hg Tl
Pb
Bi
series:
196.97
200.59 204.37
207.19
208.98

R2 O 7
RH

Cu
63.54

RO3
RH2

H
1,008

Sc
44.96

R2 O 5
RH3

VIII

Second
series:

RO2
RH4

VII

Ca
40.08

VI

Periods


4 First K
series: 39.102

B A

Cr
50.20

Se
78.96
Mo
95.94
Te
127.60
W
183.85

RO4
Transition
series

Mn Fe
Co
Ni
54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71

Br
79.909
Tc Ru
Rh
Pd
99 101.07 102.91 106.4
I
126.90
Os
Ir
Pt
190.2 192.2 195.09

The extent of knowledge regarding the chemical properties of the elements and his insight
into the system of periodicty possessed by the elements under certain arrangement have
no parallel in the history of chemistry. This work laid strong foundation of the fundamental
principles of the periodic law. One of his most important conclusions was that the elements
if arranged according to their atomic weights, exhibit an evident systematic reoccurence
of properties (periodicity of properties) and even the properties of some elements were
listed much before their discovery. Mendeleevs periodic Table (Table 4.1) was quite
useful till the discovery of atomic number there existed certain inherent defects which
opposed the system.

4.3 Modern Approach


Atomic number was discovered in 1913 by a team lead by Mosely. The periodic table
based on atomic number is termed as Modern Periodic Table. Moseley arranged all the
elements according to increasing atomic number and showed that the properties of elements
are periodic function of their atomic numbers.
Modern periodic law: The properties of the elements are periodic function of their
atomic numbers.

4.4 Long Form of Periodic Table


The arrangement of elements in the long form of periodic table is a perfect matching of
electronic configuration of the elements on one hand and physical and chemical properties
62

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