Chapter 3

page 23

Net making
Today, nearly all fishermen buy ready-made tools from a net maker or net shop. They
do not have to worry about their manufacture but can choose any type of quality or
design they like. Yet it would be hard to imagine working on a ship and not having
any basic knowledge of how to maintain and mend the fishing gear used on board.
When you are out on the fishing grounds there is no net maker nearby, and you will
need to be able to mend any damage to the net or splice a new eye on a rope.

Technical terminology
Before you can even begin to work with a
line and rope, you need to know the right
terminology. The technical terminology used
about ropes and how to work with them
was developed on board the old sailing
ships where very accurate terminology was
needed: The ships and the crews safety
could depend on whether the right faste
ning was used in the right places. Basically,
there are some general terms for the rope
and its most simple bends.

3.1
VSYRH
XYVR

FMKLX
GSYRXIV
XYVR
[SVOMRKIRH

WXERHMRKTEVX

WXERHMRKTEVX

Chapter 3

Net makers tools

Net making is characterised by the fact that
the net maker uses only a few tools in his
work. Other crafts have developed a wide
range of tools and aids over time, which
have helped increase efficiency, but this
has not happened to the same extent with
in net making.
This book describes the three most import
ant net making tools: the knife, the net
mending needle (also referred to as the net
needle) and the marlinspike.

page 24

and turning during the work, which is both

time-consuming and annoying!
Ordinary needles can be used for most
tasks, but if you need to do the seizing
on the lines on a purse seine, for example,
you need a special purse seine or seizing
needle. It is similar to a shuttle and has se
veral advantages: It is sturdier, the tongue
in the middle does not bend if force is used
to tighten the line or thread, and the line or
the thread is protected by the high edges.
3.2 Net mending needle

Knife
First of all, you need a good, sharp knife
that can cut cleanly through ropes and li
nes to avoid raw edges. The knife is also
used to trim the knots in the individual
sections of the net. In particular, the steel
needs to be of a high quality to ensure that
the knife can always be sharpened to make
it really sharp.
If the knife does not cut through the rope
like a hot knife through butter, it requires
too much effort, which may cause the knife
to slip and cause injury. A knife that is not
sharp is a dangerous knife!
Net making does not require the use of one
specific knife. Many net makers use knives
with a straight blade, either with a fixed
handle or as a folding knife, but the final
choice varies from person to person.
A knife is a personal tool which may not
function well in the hands of others. This
is due to the fact that each person has a
unique way of positioning the blade, which
makes it difficult for other people to shar
pen the knife. It is also very difficult for left
and right-handed people to swap knives.

Net mending needle

The net mending needle is a special type of
needle with an inner tongue. The tongue
holds thin line or thread so it is easy to pull
the thread through the meshes and unwind
as it is used.
Needles come in many sizes, and it takes
some practice to use a needle correctly.
First of all, it is important to learn how to
replenish the thread or line if it is not
done correctly, the line will start twisting

Marlinspike
Marlinspikes also come in various sizes and
versions. It is a round steel rod which is
pointed at one end. The spike is used when
splicing to open the strands of the rope/wire.
Some marlinspikes are round and have to be
removed from the rope before inserting the
strand, while others resemble a cut pipe into
which the strand can be placed when the mar
linspike has been inserted. Then, when it is
subsequently pulled out, it is necessary to
check that the strand stays in the tuck.
3.3 Marlinspike

Chapter 3

Whippings
When a piece of rope is cut from a roll of
rope, there are two rope ends which must
both be prevented from unravelling. Plant
fibre rope must be properly whipped, while
synthetic rope is often whipped most ef
fectively by simply melting the ends with
a lighter. This can be difficult if the rope is
thick. If so, you need to use a hot knife that
melts its way through the rope when it is
cut, or you can wrap a piece of sticky tape
around the rope end or the strands.

Common whipping
A common whipping is made by making a
suitable number of turns around the strands
towards the rope end the width of the whip
ping should be just as high as the diameter
of the rope. One end of the whipping twine
is held secure under these turns. The other
end of the whipping twine is laid towards
the first one and wound around the rope
four times. Everything is pulled tight and
the ends of the whipping twine are cut off.

page 25

It is estimated that around 90 per cent

of all recorded knots have been invented
by sailors while the remaining 10 per cent
originate from other professions or leisure
activities. Archers, bookbinders, surgeons
and mountaineers, for example, have all
contributed their own ways of arranging
thread, lines and ropes.
The difference between a hitch and a knot
is vague. Generally, you can say that a hitch
is something which forms an eye or a turn,
while a knot is a type of fastening:
A hitch includes bights or turns that either
circle the standing part of the rope, some
other rope or an object (such as a timber
head).
A knot is made directly on the rope or
when two pieces of rope or line are joined
together. This may involve turns or bights
which are led around their own part or
other rope.
The right knot or hitch for a particular
task should meet the following criteria:
It must be laid fast.
It must be durable and safe.
It should not cause any undue wear
and tear on the rope or equipment.
It should be easy to untie or almost
impossible to undo (as required).

3.4 Whipping

Hitches and knots

There are hundreds of recorded hitches
and knots. Most hitches and knots are of
unknown origin and have a history which
goes back a long time, while a few have
been invented in recent times such as the
special Danish knot dummepeter over,
which is used to tie on a smooth line; this
knot was not recorded until 1989.

However, it will often be necessary to mode

rate one or several of these requirements
to meet the others, depending on which
requirement is most important in a given
situation.
So although there are hundreds of knots
and hitches, there is no need to learn all
of them by heart nowadays. This book only
includes the most important and most fre
quently used ones. Texts and illustrations
are helpful to read and look at but there
is only one good way to become familiar
with various knots and hitches: Lay them
yourself and do it over and over again!
And remember: Learn to do it well then
you will also learn to do it fast.

Chapter 3

Bowline a loop hitch

The bowline is a very frequently used hitch
if, for example, on a large hawser you need
a loop to place over a pole. The bowline
enables you to pull on the rope without it
tightening around the object over which it
has been placed.
Cross the working end of the rope over the
standing part and hold it with your palm facing
downwards (a). Turning your hand so your
palm faces upwards while catching the one
part with your thumb creates a loop on the
standing part with the working end passing
through the loop. Then pass the working end
under the back of the standing part and back
down through the loop (b), and pull (c).

page 26

Sheet bend a knot for joining two

(dissimilar) ends
The sheet bend is also called the weavers
knot and is the knot most frequently used
by the net maker to join two pieces of net
ting. It is especially suitable for joining ropes
of unequal thicknesses.
Form a bight in the working end of the
thicker rope. Pass the working end of the
thinner rope around the bight, and trap it
under itself. The knot is laid correctly if the
two rope ends are on the same side.
The knot can be strengthened by tucking in the
rope end as shown below.This ensures that both
rope ends are on the same side. This variant
is used especially for synthetic rope and line.

3.5 Bowline

3.6Simple sheet
bend

Clove hitch a hitch for fastening

A clove hitch is frequently used to secure
small and large ropes to e.g. posts. How
ever, the hitch is not completely secure un
less it is subjected to an even and constant
load; if not, it must be secured by an ad
ditional round turn or a half hitch around
its standing part.
3.7 Knots
'PSZILMXGL

'PSZILMXGLEVSYRHMXWWXERHMRKTEVX

'PSZILMXGL[VSYRHXYVR

;VSRKGPSZILMXGL

Chapter 3

Reef knot a knot for joining two

(similar) ends
The reef knot is very easy to untie even if it
has been subjected to a heavy load. It should
only be used when the two ends have the
same thickness and stiffness, otherwise you
cannot be certain that it will hold. It is par
ticularly suitable for relatively thin lines.
Place the two ends in a turn around each
other, and place the rope ends in yet
another turn so that each working end is
parallel to its standing part. A simple mne
monic: Left over right and under, right over
left and under.

page 27

Figure-of-eight knot a stopper knot

The figure-of-eight knot is also called the Fle
mish knot. The figure-of-eight knot is used
like an ordinary knot to prevent an end from
running free (i.e. running through an opening
such as a block or an eye). It also effec
tively prevents a rope end from unravelling
and can be used to secure a line to, for example,
a thin ring. The figure-of-eight knot is easier
to untie than an ordinary knot.
3.10 Figure-of-eight knot

3.8 Reef knot

Splices on laid rope

Fishermans knot a knot for joining
two ends
The fishermans knot is also known as the
true lovers knot. It is formed by two single
knots which are pushed together. The fisher
mans knot is a very strong way of joining two
ends but the knot is almost impossible to
untie on thin lines it has to be cut up. The
net maker uses it to join seizing twine.
The knot is made by tying each rope in a
single knot around the other.
3.9 Joint

Splices are used to form permanent joints,

and when you want to create a fixed eye
on a rope end. Splices can be made on
ordinary rope as well as on synthetic rope
and wires.
Hawsers are usually delivered ready spliced
from the rope maker but the fisherman may
still need to splice something while at sea.
There are many ways to splice a rope. Gene
rally, there are three types of splices: eye spli
ces, short splices and long splices. This book
only describes the most common splices
(four eye splices and one short splice).
It takes practice to be able to do a splice
well. It is often helpful to start by making a
temporary whipping on the rope to prevent
any further unravelling of the strands.

Chapter 3

Eye splice on three-strand rope

Eye splice on four-strand rope

Eye splicing is used to create an eye on a

rope, for example a mooring line, and to
fasten a chain or a shackle to the end of a
rope. A thimble is often inserted to protect
the rope from wear and tear.

If you need to do an eye splice on a fourstrand rope, you use the same procedure
as for a three-strand rope. Let the first
tuck of strand no. 4 go in in the same spot
as strand no. 3, but let strand no. 4 pass
under two strands.

W o r d d ef i n i t i o ns

Short splice on three-strand rope

thimble = a metal ring inserted in

a rope as reinforcement, for example
in connection with eye splicing

page 28

Short splicing is used to join two rope ends

where a knot would be in the way.
Unwind three turns on each of the two
rope ends and place them together so the
strands of the one rope end are interwoven
with the other (a).
Splice the strands from the left rope end
over one and under one opposite the direc
tion in which the rope is laid (b).
When each strand has been tucked in, turn the
splice around and repeat the process with
the other three strands. Pull all six strands
tight and make an additional two tucks with
all the strands. If you carry out a splice on
a synthetic rope, you should make another
1-2 tucks with each strand. Stretch the
splice well before cutting off the strands.

3.11 Splicing
Make a whipping approx. three turns into
the rope end and one around each of the
three strands. Unlay the strands until they
stop at the whipping and spread them as
shown above (a). Make sure that the eye is
the size you want!
Open the upper strand of the standing part,
and stick the loose centre strand all the way
through. Pull the strand almost tight (b).
Tuck the loose strand on the right under
the strand of the standing part which is to
the right of the first tuck (c).
Tuck the last strand (to the left) under the
last strand of the standing part (d). Pull all
the strands tight.
Make two more tucks with each strand
(using the procedure: over one and under
one) in the opposite direction to which the
rope is laid (e). Pull the tucks taut and cut
off the projecting ends of the loose strands.
If you carry out a splice on a synthetic rope,
you should make another 1-2 tucks to make
sure that the eye will hold.

3.12 Short splice

F a ct b o x
To splice means to join two parts
(for example two rope ends, but also
to get married (get spliced).

Chapter 3

Splice on braided rope

For obvious reasons, splices on braided
rope are more complicated to make than
on three- and four-strand ropes.
It is possible to splice braided rope fitted
with a sleeve according to the same prin
ciples as with laid rope but this is not done
in the fishing industry. Instead an eye is
made by sticking the rope end through the
braiding and letting it follow the core for a
certain length. It is possible to make a nicer
looking splice by pulling back the sleeve
and exposing the core. The eye is then
made from the core which is tucked under
the sleeve below the pulled back sleeve.
Pull the sleeve over the core in the eye
itself and adjust its length.
Square-braided rope has fewer strands,
often 4, 8 or 16 and no sleeve or core. The
strands often lie as pairs. If an eye splice
is desired, it can be made by spreading the
strands as usual (or the strand pairs) and
making three or four tucks along the rope.
As always, it is important to start the splice
correctly to prevent the eye from reducing
the strength of the rope significantly. See
the example in Appendix on p. 43.

Eye splice on wire

When splicing a wire, it is also important
to whip the strands to prevent them from
unravelling. Insulating tape is often used
for this, as it helps to avoid spiky rope
ends that can scratch your hands and are
difficult to work with.
3.13 Eye splice





 

Press the marlinspike through the wire so

that three strands are on either side of it.
Tuck strand no. 1 along the marlinspike, and
pull out the marlinspike.

page 29

Insert the marlinspike so it passes under

two strands and emerges where strand no.
1 goes in. Tuck strand no. 2 along the mar
linspike (i.e. strand no. 2 passes under two
strands).
Tuck in strand no. 3 so that it only passes
under one strand. Make sure that strand
nos. 1, 2 and 3 are all tucked in the same
spot but pass under three, two and one
strands, respectively.
Turn the eye 180 (half turn). Tuck strand
no. 4 in and around the strand which is
opposite the spot where the three first
strands go in. Wrap strand no. 5 around
the next strand, and repeat the procedure
with the last tuck. Make sure that all tucks
go around the same strand.
When all the tucks have been made, the
eye is pulled tight. Make three more tucks
with each strand. Finally, cut off the strands
with a chisel.
There are another two ways to create an eye
on a wire. First, you can use a wire clamp
consisting of two bent plates which are fixed
together by two bolts. Normally, you should
use three wire clamps placed in succession,
which allows you to join two pieces of wire
or create an eye on a loose end of a wire.
However, this should only be used in abso
lute emergencies, because it does not hold
very well and because the wire clamp will
usually be in the way during regular use.

F a ct b o x
It is not unusual to see a type of wire
clamp, consisting of a u-bolt which is
threaded at both ends.
Two nuts are used to push a plate
over a wire join or an eye on a wire.
However, it should be emphasised
that it is prohibited to use such a wire
clamp on board ships for hoisting and
unloading gear.

Chapter 3

page 30

Joining and mending nets

F a ct b o x

Net mending

The large meshes at the front of

a mid-water trawl are often made
by splicing the bars.
This method is easier than tying knots
for the meshes which in some cases
are 75 m in the bar.

Another method is to use talurits. A talurit

is a piece of metal piping which is squeezed
around the eye in a hydraulic press. The
talurits are available in different metals
depending on whether they are to be used
on Taifun (combination rope) (aluminium),
iron wire (steel) or steel wire (copper).
A talurit press is not usually found on board
fishing vessels, only at the net makers.

F a ct b o x
Common terms
In order to be able to describe how to
work with fishing nets, it is necessary
to know some common terms.
You talk about:
Bars: The parts of the net which are
not included in the knots.
Row: A horizontal row of bars.
In machine-made nets a row consists
of one long thread.
Joining row: The row which the net
maker ties in the joint between two
sections.
Vertical cut: A cut which is parallel to
the longitudinal direction of the net.
Across: A cut which is perpendicular
to the longitudinal direction of the
net, i.e. in the same row.
Bar cut: A cut which is parallel to the
bars of the stretched net.

As mentioned earlier, most fishing nets

today are made by net makers but it is
still important for a fisherman to be able
to mend his own nets. Small tears and ho
les need to be repaired when they happen
even at sea. Net mending requires both
practice and experience. You need to prac
tice a lot, and it helps if you can ask older
fishermen for advice.
The knot used in net mending is called the
sheet bend (a). The drawing below shows
how to make a mesh from A to B (b) using the
net mending needle which is loaded with net
mending twine. As the bight between A and B
passes under the left side of your hand, you
can use your hand to adjust the mesh size.
When the mesh has the right size, squeeze
point B with the index finger and thumb of
your left hand, and proceed to tie the sheet
bend with the net mending needle. Pull tight.
If you use nylon thread for net mending,
it may be necessary to make two tucks (c),
thereby tying a sheet bend with round turn.
3.14 Net mending
a

EGVSWW

FEVW
ZIVXMGEP
GYX

VS[

NSMRMRKVS[

FEVGYX

or

Chapter 3

It is very important to ensure that the

meshes in the net have the right size.
If they are too small, the net becomes
smaller where it has been mended. This
results in an uneven pull in the net, which
minimises its strength. The same thing hap
pens if the meshes are too large. If you are
mending a tear in the trawl bag and the
meshes become too small, you may be in
violation of the rules on mesh sizes. For
more extensive repair work, mending over
a so-called row can make the task of main
taining the right mesh size a little easier.
The row resembles a ruler, and its width
must be equal to half the mesh size.
Below are some examples of how to mend
torn nets. Trim the tears to make it possible
to start and finish the work where the net
has three parts (where three strands of
thread radiate from a knot) this is also
called a three-leg. A two-leg is the spot
where the net has two parts (where two
strands of thread radiate from a knot).
3.15 Tears in nets

a
1

a
3

a
4
5

b
b

page 31

3. A horizontal tear. Start at a three-leg, and

work your way towards the right from
a two-leg to a two-leg and finish at a
three-leg.
4. A vertical tear. As always, start at a threeleg and work your way into the tear
from two-leg to two-leg and finish at a
three-leg.
5. A hole in the net. Trim the hole so you
can start at a three-leg (a) and finish at
a three-leg (b). Work your way from left
to right and from right to left by turns
until you reach point b.
See the trawl drawing in Appendix on
page 44.

Trimming
When joining two net sections of a trawl,
you need to trim the top of one section
and the bottom of the other section. Two
things are important when trimming a net
section across:
1. That you choose the right row of knots to
cut. If you look at a piece of netting, you
will see that the entire net is joined using
the same type of knots, but in every other
row the orientation of the knots changes
(try to turn the net around and you will see
it!). One row can be used when trimming
the top of the section while the other row
is used when trimming the bottom.
2. That you avoid damaging the loops during
trimming. The knife must be kept away
from the loop which must remain. The
trimming is therefore carried out in a very
special way, such that the knife lands
up at the end which is cut off once it has
passed through the net.

Cutting a net section

1. A single thread has been torn. Cut off

the ends (not too close), and connect the
two three-legs by means of two sheet
bends.
2. Start at a three-leg, proceed to a two-leg
and finish at a three-leg (the arrows indi
cate the direction in which to proceed).

In the body of the trawl the sides of the

pieces of netting are not parallel. The cut in
the side can be more or less steep, which
is determined by how the bars are cut. You
talk about:
- cutting a side knot which results in a
vertical cut.
- cutting bars which results in a bar cut.
- cutting a knot at the top or cutting
across.

Chapter 3

See also the fact box on page 30. Normally,

all sorts of combinations of these two
cuts will be used to achieve the right cone
shape. On the net makers drawing, the in
dividual cut will be defined according to
the number of plain meshes and cut bars.
2-2 thus denotes a cut with two plain me
shes and two bars, while 1-4 denotes a har
der cut on one plain mesh and four bars.
On the drawing, a cut-out has been made
for a piece of netting cut 1-3.
As mentioned earlier, the length of a piece
of netting is determined by the width and

3.16 Cuts, joints

a

page 32

number of bobbins on the machine tying

the net. The length of the pieces of netting
is therefore usually predetermined and a
half mesh from a round number: 191/2 mesh,
491/2 mesh, 991/2 mesh etc. Thus, the entire
section is 20, 50 and 100 meshes long if
you count in the joining row. This makes it
easier to calculate the length.
The width is defined by the number of
meshes across or as the number of knots
in a specific row. The last number is double
the first number.

Three examples of joining two pieces of

netting. It can be seen that the cuts are a
combination of both vertical cuts and bar
cuts. The joining of two different num
bers of mesh must be calculated in order
to get a reasonable number to work with.
The ratio between the number of meshes
in the two pieces will normally be 0.5 to
1. The picking up of a mesh is known as
a decrease.
The following ratio provides good joints:
1
the joint will be 1 to 1
0.9 the joint will be 10 meshes to 9
i.e. a decrease for every tenth
mesh
0.8 the joint will be 5 meshes to 4
0.75 the joint will be 4 meshes to 3
0.67 the joint will be 3 meshes to 2
0.5 the joint will be 2 meshes to 1
i.e. a decrease for every other
mesh
If the calculation of the ratio does not
yield a good result, it can be improved
by omitting decreases at the edge of the
joint. In a the ratio is 1and the meshes
are therefore joined 1 to 1. In b the ratio
is 0.58, i.e. close to 0.5, and the joint
is made 2 meshes to 1 and is adjusted
by letting two meshes on each side join
1 to 1. In c the ratio is 0.83. The nearest
good ratio is 0.8 and again it is adjusted
by letting two meshes on each side join
1 to 1.

Chapter 3

page 33

Edging, joining and seaming

Work sequence

When tying a joining row it is very import

ant that the bars have just the right length.
The net can be distorted if the bars are
too long or too short, and if they are not
uniform, the pull between the net sections
is not distributed evenly.
Make sure you are fully familiar with the
knots used, not least when starting and
finishing the job. Check regularly that the
length of the bars of the rows made is cor
rect and uniform.

There is no real reason to start in one place

rather than another when you begin making
a fishing tool, but traditionally you start in
certain places.
When making trawls and Danish seines you
start at the first section of the upper side
of the body and cut the number of meshes
across that the trawl should be wide. Pre
sumably, the reason why you start here is
that in earlier times a trawl would often be
made without the use of a drawing if you
started elsewhere, you might not be sure
how big the trawl would eventually be. The
number of meshes around the opening is
one of the most direct indications of the
trawls final size and thereby its towing re
sistance.
Once the first section has been cut, you cut
out a piece of netting for the roof and thus
work your way towards the wings. After
wards, using the same procedure, you work
your way backwards towards the bag.
When making a purse seine you will often
start by preparing the lines and attaching
the lining. This is done for both practical
and economic reasons: A purse seine takes
a long time to make and is very bulky,
so you do not want to take it home un
til it is finished to save space and storage
charges.
As regards nets, some Danish fishermen
have purchased their own sewing machines
to fasten lines to the nets, but most nets
are usually purchased ready-made from
overseas suppliers in Eastern Europe or the
Far East.

3.17 Net mending

mending from left to right

mending from right to left

mending to a side knot to the left

Tool maintenance

Trawl and Danish seine

mending to a side knot to the right

Many fishing tools today are so large that

the fishermen are unable to handle the tools
on board the ship. There is not much room
on deck to remove the trawl from the net
drum and check it, and it can be difficult to
get it onto the quay without the net makers
lorry with the power block. consequently,
the fisherman does not carry out much
maintenance of his own fishing tools.
When a trawl has been in use for some
time, it is advisable to carry out a readjust

Chapter 3

ment. A readjustment involves checking the

entire trawl to ascertain whether the trawl
has retained its original dimensions. Usually
it has not, since the net, the lines and the
tails often become stretched after a period
of use. A readjustment involves checking:
- that the tails are of equal length,
- that the variance often built into nets
and lines by the net maker, called the
hanging ratio, has been maintained,
- that the difference between net sections
in the top and bottom panels has been
maintained.
If the deviations from the original shape
are too big, they must be remedied.
Daily maintenance of the fishing tool in
volves repairing the holes in the net that
will invariably occur and checking that rope
and other equipment are not too damaged
by long-term use, rendering it unsafe.
If the trawl is not going to be used for some
time, it should be stored in a dry place
away from sunlight, preferably indo
ors. Some ports and net makers have
so-called trawl terminals or trawl dry
ing facilities where the trawls can be
stored. If the trawl is stored outdoors,
moisture from the rain will cause dirt and
grime in the net to rot, including dead fish.
Apart from the smell, it will attract rats
which can quickly gnaw their way through
an entire trawl and make an awful lot of
(new) holes in the net!

Purse seine and net

Fishermen only maintain their purse seine
and netting tools to a limited extent.
The purse seine is usually too big to handle
on board the ship. If a minor tear is dis
covered, it is possible to pull the section
with the tear aside during hauling and
repair it later, otherwise the purse seine is
taken to the net maker if more extensive
repairs are needed.
Holes and tears in nets usually appear very
quickly in nets but they do not significantly
reduce the ability of the tool to catch fish. It
just means that there are fewer meshes for
the fish to get caught in. At the same time,
nets are so cheap today that a worn-out net
is often discarded rather than repaired.

page 34

Real-life story

Try again
It can often be very difficult to see what
is what with a trawl when it is piled up
on the deck and even if it is lifted onto
the quay, it can be tricky to carry out
repairs or replacements because it is
impossible to distinguish the different
parts from one another. This was what
the crew on a cutter found when they
were asked to carry out a readjustment
of a herring trawl which had been in
use for some time. The fish catching
ability of such a trawl depends on the
pieces of netting that make up the top
panel being slightly shorter than the
pieces that make up the bottom panel.
The top panel had become stretched
during use and a readjustment was
needed, i.e. removing a mesh from
across several of the sections. The
joining rows were cut up and the row of
meshes was cut off, and the extra slack
in the bottom panel was distributed by
taking apart some of the side seams.
The crew then started to put the trawl
back together but after a while it
became clear that something was not
right. It looked wrong and could
probably not be used as a fishing tool.
It turned out that the section of the net
which was to be readjusted had not
been marked off properly before the
work was begun, and as a result the
crew had begun to make a seam
between two panels which did not
belong together. The moral is that it is
worth making thorough preparations for
a task and make sure that the trawl is
well stretched out and that the work is
well marked off before you start in
this case the crews failure to do so cost
them 3-4 hours of extra work.