Scribd
Upload
44 views9 pages

Prog Vez

1. This document discusses various mathematical concepts including: sorting algorithms like selection sort, merge sort, and quick sort; binomial coefficients; factorials; logarithms; trigonometric functions and their series expansions; and numerical integration techniques like the left-endpoint Riemann sum and trapezoid rule. 2. Formulas are provided for binomial coefficients, factorials, exponential and logarithmic functions. Series expansions are given for inverse trigonometric functions like arctangent and arcsine. 3. Numerical integration techniques like the left-endpoint Riemann sum and trapezoid rule are defined to approximate definite integrals within a given error tolerance over partitions of the interval of integration.

Uploaded by

Сандра Миладинова
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views9 pages

Prog Vez

1. This document discusses various mathematical concepts including: sorting algorithms like selection sort, merge sort, and quick sort; binomial coefficients; factorials; logarithms; trigonometric functions and their series expansions; and numerical integration techniques like the left-endpoint Riemann sum and trapezoid rule. 2. Formulas are provided for binomial coefficients, factorials, exponential and logarithmic functions. Series expansions are given for inverse trigonometric functions like arctangent and arcsine. 3. Numerical integration techniques like the left-endpoint Riemann sum and trapezoid rule are defined to approximate definite integrals within a given error tolerance over partitions of the interval of integration.

Uploaded by

Сандра Миладинова
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

1.

VB.

VB=

1.
2.
1000,

a (b 3) 2 + a3 2b
(a b )2 2 a

1000. (

2.
3.

4.

5.

( i = 1, 2,..., n )
ia(i), a(i + 1),..., a(n) ,

) SELECTION SORT.
imin

min.
) MERGE SORT.

a(1),..., a(n)
a(1),..., a([n / 2]) a([n / 2] + 1),..., a(n) ,
.

.
63524
635
63
6

3
36

200.

42
5

356

24

23456

a(i )

) QUICK SORT.
i-

a(1),..., a(n)
p

j i 1
p . . a( j ) p
p . . a( j ) p
j i +1 ( p

p
,

).
( i = 1, 2,..., n )
ia (1),..., a (n i + 1) ,

) BUBLE SORT.
(

3.

).

a, b, c.

8.

n!.

9.

(2n+1)!!.

10.

m!!.

11.

x,
( x + a)
a 1

: 1) a = 10

= a 2 a 2

x = 8

12.
1)
2)
3)
4)
.

a 1

2) a = 6

x=4

a R.
,

a + a +...+ an
An = 1 2
n
n
Gn = a1 a2 ... an

a1 , a2 ,..., an > 0 ,
a1, a2 ,..., an > 0 ,

( n i + 1 ),

y,
x1 + x2 , x1 < x2
y = x1 x2 , x1 = x2
x1 / x2 , x1 > x2 , x2 0

7.

2)

Visual Basic
6.

1)

3) H n =
4) K n =

a1, a2 ,..., an > 0 ,

1 + 1 +...+ 1
a1 a2
an

a12 + a2 2 +...+ an 2
n

a1, a2 ,..., an > 0 .

!
13.

k,

"

).

n
n!
=
, 0kn
k !( n k )!
k

1) Cnk =
2) Vnk =

n!
, 0k n
( n k )!

3) C n = Cnk+ k 1 , n 1 , k 0
k

4) V n = n k

14. #

n.

"

15. $
.

16.

.)
.

17. $

n.

18. $

n.

($ )
a b.

%
($ )
)

) &
.
( a, b)
( a, b) = a b ,
(a,b)
$ (a,b).
19.
1)
k2)

>0
"

) arctg x
.

) arcsin x

3
5
2 k +1
) arctg x = x x + x ... + (1)k x
+ ...

5
2 k +1
= 4 (1 1 + 1 ... + ( 1) k 1 + ...)
3 5
2 k +1
3

x =1

2),

) arcsin x = x +

1 x3
2 3

13 x 5

2 2 2 5

13... ( 2k 1) x 2 k +1
+ ... +

2k +1
2 k k!

> 0.
+ ...

x=1

= 6 ( 12 +

1 + 13 + ... + 13...(2 k 1)
2 3 27 25
23 k +1 k !(2 k +1)
4

2),
| Rk |=
<
<

> 0. '

1 3... (2 k +1)
23 k + 4 ( k +1)! (2 k + 3)
2

2 k +3

1
(2 k + 3)

1 (1 + 1
2k + 3
2

1 3... (2k + 3)

2 k +5

!,

23 k + 7 ( k + 2)! (2 k + 5)

1
(2 k + 5)

+ 12 + ... +
2

+ ... <

2 k +3

+ ... <

1 ( 1
2 k + 3 22 k + 3

2 k +5

2
2k + 3

20.
1)
k2)

+ ...)

+ ...) =

2 k +5

1 1
2 k + 3 1 1

+ ...) <
=

2
2k + 3

.
ln 2 ,

>0
"

) ln(1 x )

) ln(1 + x)

1+ x

.
2

a) ln(1 + x) = x x + x ... + (1)k +1 x + ...


2

2 k +1

2 k +1

) ln(1 x ) = 2 ( x + x + x + ... + x
1+ x

4.

+ ...)

(Strings)
21.

22. #
,

.(

.)

24. (
. .

.)

)#

.)

23. )

. (&

2,

(
. ($
,

. ((

. ($

25. $
"
.

"

26. $

n -"
% "

dN,

c {0,1,...,9} .

27. $

n . (&
,

6=1+2+3.)
a
b

28.

c
d

( a, b, c, d Z , b 0 , d 0 ).
.

xR,

29.

. . ex =

"

k =0

ex

> 0,

xk
k!

xk
k!

ex

| x |< 1 .

z = x + iy , x, y R ,

30. *

= x2 + y 2

z = (cos + i sin ) ,
y
,x >0
x
y
arctg + , x < 0,y 0
x
y
= arctg x , x < 0,y < 0

arctg

, x = 0, y > 0

z, . .

n N ,

, x = 0,y < 0

0 , x = 0,y = 0
n-

n-

z n = n (cos n + i sin n )
zk = n z = n (cos

+ 2k
n

+ i sin

+ 2 k
n

), k = 0,1,..., n 1

5.

(Arrays)
a1 , a2 ,..., an ( n 10 ). $

31. $
"
B = [bij ]n n

bij =

j
k =1

ak i = a1i + a2i + ... + a ji , i, j = 1, 2,..., n

32.

Amn ,

"

33.

"

34.
m= p

35.

"
A. )

R,

Amn

, C mn = Amn , cij = a ij , i = 1, m , j = 1, n .

36.

"

bRp ,

Amn

b A.

Ab
Ab !

b A !

c = A b , ci =

p = m,

d = b A , d j =

" AT

37. $
38.

"

m
i =1

bi a ij

A A= E .

. .

Ann .
",
%

Amn .

. .

" Ann

40. $
Am n

a ij b j , i = 1, m

j =1

".

"

n= p,

39. $

, i = 1, m , k = 1, p .

, C mn = Amn + Bmn , cij = aij + bij , i = 1, m , j = 1, n .

n=q

j = 1, n

a ij b jk

j =1

B p q .

Amn

"

{| a ij |} .

max

1i m,1 j n

B q p .

Amn

, Cm p = Amn Bn p , cik =

n=q

|| A ||=

a11

a12

...

a1n

c1

a21

a22

... a2n

c2

a m1 a m 2 ... amn
...

cm

b1

bj =

m
i =1

aij , j = 1, n

b2

bn

...

ci =

n
j =1

aij , i = 1, m .

41.

. .

" Ann

AT = A .
42. $

"

Amn

R.

B q p

C = A2 B .

"

43. $

a 1, a2 ,..., an
. (SelectSort)

44. $

a1 , a 2 ,..., a n .

45. $

46. $

a1 , a 2 ,..., a n .

n,

&
47. $

a1 , a2 ,..., an

b1, b2 ,..., bn . $

( ck ) ,
min{ak , bk } , ak 0, bk 0
ck = max{ak , bk }, ak < 0, bk < 0
0
,

48.

bij =

i
s =1

as +

a1 , a 2 ,..., a n . #
n
t= j

6. Function

"

B,

at , i, j = 1, 2,..., n .

Sub

49. +

"

f ( x) =

h = 0.5 .

x 1
x +1

ln( x 2 4)

[0, 4]

50. +

f ( x, y ) =

"

[2, 2] [2, 2]

hx = 0.5

51. +

x2 + y
x y

+ x2 1

h y = 0.5 .

"

) f (a) = 3 a 1

h (+& +: x = 0, y = 3, h = 0.25 ),

[ x, y ]

2 a

2
) f (a, b) = b2 a 2

[m, n] [ p, q]

a b

hx

h y (+& +:

m = 0, n = 2, p = 1, q = 3, hx = 0.25, h y = 0.5 ).

[1, 2] )

53. $

A = x 3x 2 x + 1

g ( x) = f ( x) = 4 x 3 6 x 1 ,

f ( x) = x 4 3 x 2 x + 1 . )

g ( x) = 0
[2, 1] , [1, 0]
[c, d ]

54.

k =0

ui [ xi , xi +1 ]

f (u i ) xi ,

> 0,

xi = a + i b a , i = 0, n ,
n
ba
n =[
] + 1 , xi = b a ,

)
$

b
a

[ a, b ] ,

ui [ xi , xi +1 ]

f ( x) dx b a
n

[ a , b] . +

"

f ( x) dx h f (a ) + 4
3

"

%
!

ba
<.
n

f (x)

> 0.

a = x0 < x1 < ... < x n = b

xi = xi +1 xi .

. . u i = xi . +

,
)

[ a , b] . +

"
n 1

f ( x) dx

[1, 2]

4 sin 2 x dx ,

f ( x)
b

g ( x) = 0

[c, d ] . (

)
$

> 0. (

x ln x 1 = 0 ,

52.
)

n
k =1

f ( x 2 k 1 ) + 2

h = b a , a = x0 < x1 < ... < x2 n 1 < x 2n = b


2n
. . x k = a + k h, k = 0, 2 n .

n 1
k =1

n 1
k =0

f ( xi ) .
%

f ( x 2k ) + f (b) ,
[ a, b ] ,

> 0,

%
| I1 I 2 |
2 4 1

I1

),

I2

h2 = 1 h1

h1

n.
.
"

7. " !

VB (

55. $ "
h.

b]

f(x)

"

) f ( x) = x x 2 ln( x + 7)

a)
)
)
%
)

VB (

56. *

4 x2
x 1

)
"

[a,

) f ( x) = sin(2 x) +

x +5

8.

[a, b]

%
m2)

%
"
%

%
/

57.

"

1)

(A =E)

2)

( A2 = O )
( A2 = A )

3)
4)

58. $

tr ( AAT )

tr ( AT A)

"

x + y, x < y
f ( x, y) = x y, x = y .
x y, x > y

aij = f (i + j ) ,

You might also like