Scribd
Upload
17 views

Op-Amp Circuits: BE201 Lectures 4

This document discusses op-amp circuits. It begins by introducing a biomedical measurement system and the need to amplify weak biosignals. It then discusses analog signal conditioning techniques like amplification, noise reduction, and signal shifting. An example shows amplifying and conditioning an ECG signal. The rest of the document covers op-amp fundamentals like feedback, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and common mode rejection ratio. Key concepts are that op-amps have very high gain, virtual ground inputs, and feedback is needed to set the output voltage.

Uploaded by

George Derpl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Op-Amp Circuits: BE201 Lectures 4

This document discusses op-amp circuits. It begins by introducing a biomedical measurement system and the need to amplify weak biosignals. It then discusses analog signal conditioning techniques like amplification, noise reduction, and signal shifting. An example shows amplifying and conditioning an ECG signal. The rest of the document covers op-amp fundamentals like feedback, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and common mode rejection ratio. Key concepts are that op-amps have very high gain, virtual ground inputs, and feedback is needed to set the output voltage.

Uploaded by

George Derpl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Op-Amp Circuits

BE201 Lectures 4

Lab 2 prelab you will need to download PSPICE


See Moodle

New material: Biomedical Measurement


System
Biosignal
Source
An ECG is a
biosignal where a
voltage is
generated on the
surface of the
body.

(sensor
)
Sensor /
Signal
Transducer
Conditioning
A surface
electrode
is the
transduce
r

A/D conversion

We
need a
way to
amplify
the
signal
Op
Amps
are
someti
mes
involve
d.

Digital Signal
& signal processing

Display

Data
Storage

Analog Signal Conditioning


Most biological signals are weak and contain a
lot of noise
Recall: the magnitude of an ECG signal; ~ a few mV

__________________: increasing the dynamic range


(the ratio between the largest and smallest possible
values of a changeable quantity)

________reducing the noise


___________shifting signals

(V)

Analog Signal Conditioning Example:


Original Signal

Assume acquired raw signal is:


Dynamic range of 0.05-0.15 V
5 Hz signal + high frequency noise

(V)

Amplification

Amplify signal with a Gain = 20


The dynamic range of : 0.05-0.15 V =>
becomes 1-3 V

Op-amp
A powered op-amp without a feedback circuit has output of +V sat, -Vsat, or oscillating
between the two.
To maintain a useful Vout between +Vsat and -Vsat we need a feedback circuit.
For standard (negative feedback) op-amp circuits,
a. No current flows into either input terminal of the op-amp (i.e., they have an extremely high
impedance)
I- = I+ = 0 or Ipin3 = Ipin2 = 0
b. Infinite gain: positive and negative input terminals are at the same voltage
V- = V+ or Vpin3 = Vpin2

8-pin 741 op-

Op-amp
Symbol

Negative
feedback

Op-amp inside

Unity Gain Follower = buffer

Keys to analyzing op-amps


1) (infinite gain)Voltage at 2 and 3 are the
same
2) High impedance) No current goes into 2

Inverting Amplifier

Closed loop gain = ACL

Non-inverting Amplifier

set R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = R 4

Mystery Circuit. What does it do?

Differential Amplifier (ideal)

Can Ri2 and Ri3 be


exactly the same? (Are
there any exact
measurements?)
Can Rf3 and Rf2 be
exactly the same?

Common mode / differential mode


Voltages:
VDM = V1 V2
VCM = (V1 + V2) / 2
V2

V1

CMRR: Common-mode rejection


ratio
Common-mode
Gain (GC).

In an ideal differential amplifier, _________________.

Differential-mode Gain (G d).

Gd

In an ideal differential amplifier,

CMRR =
In an ideal amplifier, CMRR = +
In the real 741: CMRR = 90 dB

dB=20(Log10(ratio)) 90=20(Log10(ratio))

ratio = 10(4.5) 32,000

Op-Amp Circuits
BE201 Lecture 4

You might also like