EERF 6330 - RF Integrated Circuit Design

Introduction to RF IC Design
Prof. Bhaskar Banerjee
University of Texas at Dallas

Books and References

Textbook: Notes, Papers, Slides ...

Refs:
RF Microelectronics, B. Razavi (Prentice Hall) - 2nd Edition (2011)
The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, T. H. Lee (Cambridge
University Press)
2

What is RF?
Radio Frequency: the mode of communication for wireless
technologies of all kinds, including cordless phones, radar, ham radio,
GPS, and radio and television broadcasts.
Loosely defined in the band: 3 Hz - 300 GHz.
Most of this range is beyond the vibration rate that most mechanical
systems can respond to, RF usually refers to oscillations in electrical
circuits.

RF Examples
Application

Frequency Band

Aeronautical/Maritime

9 kHz - 535 kHz

AM radio

148.5 kHz - 1.71 MHz

Short Wave Radio

1.71 MHz - 30 MHz

Citizens Band (CB)

26.96 MHz - 27.41 MHz

TV (2-6)

54 MHz - 88 MHz

FM Radio

88 MHz - 108 MHz

TV (7-13)

174 MHz - 220 MHz

Cell Phones (GSM)

824 MHz - 894 MHz

Air Traffic Control

960 MHz - 1.215 GHz

Global Positioning System (GPS)

1.227 GHz - 1.575 GHz

Cell Phones (PCS)

1.850 GHz - 1.99 GHz

WLAN (802.11b/g)

2.4 GHz
4

Early Electronics

General area of Electronics began in the early 20th century

radio and radar during the world wars

Early systems used discrete electronic components

Vacuum tubes
amplifying devices with the flow of electrons between plates in vacuum
finite lifetime
large size

Transistors were invented in 1940s (Bardeen, Brittain under William Shockley at

Bell Labs)
Germanium Crystal

First silicon transistor was produced at Texas Instruments

Gordon Teal in 1954
First MOS transistor by Kahng and Atalla (Bell Labs) in 1960

Microelectronics

Integrated Circuit (IC) Technology with millions of components (transistors,

capacitors, etc.) on a small semiconductor (typically Silicon) area (100 mm2)
Invented independently in 1958 by
Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments) in Germanium
Robert Noyce (Fairchild Semiconductor) in Silicon

Why Microelectronics?
Impact of ICs:
Todays microprocessors contain ~ 100 million transistors in a 10 cm2
area
If we used 100 million discrete components and each device occupied a
volume of 3 mm x 3mm x 3mm volume => total volume of 27 mm3 x 108
A CUBE 1.4 m on each side!!!
Would be very slow - signals need to travel on wires 1.4 m long
If each transistor cost 1 cent and weighed 1 g
$ 1 million and weigh 100 tons!!!

Microelectronics in Daily Life

Satellite TV/GPS

Cell Phones

High speed microprocessors

Mobile Computing/WLAN/3G

Digital Cameras

Wireless Systems

Image courtesy: B. Razavi (RF Microelectronics)

Evolution of Mobile Phone

Size
Features
Battery Life
Price

10

Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

After 15 years of research, $100 mil

Size: 13 x 1.75 x 3.5
Weight: 28 oz (793 g)
Features: Only Talk
Battery Life:
30 mins Talk Time, 8 hrs standby
10 hours to recharge
Price: $3995 (in 1983)

11

Current Smartphones
Size (approx): 5 x 2.5 x 0.5
Weight: 5 oz (137 g)
Features: Talk, Web, Email,
Camera, GPS, Multimedia

Battery Life:
10 hrs Talk Time, 300 hrs
standby

Price: $500 (in 2010)

12

Many Wireless Alternatives

50 Million US Homes equipped with Multimedia Broadband Service
Direct
Cellularized
C-Band
Broadcast
Cable
Broadcast Satellite
(28GHz)
Satellite
(12GHz)
(4-6GHz)

Wireless
Fiber
(38GHz)

Wireless
Cable
MMDS/MDS
(2.5GHz)

Broadcast TV
(HDTV/SDTV)
Broadcast
AM and FM
Radio
(Digital AM/FM)
Wireless TV
Sales/Polling
(IVDS)

Wireless Access
(Fixed Wireless
Loop - 2-4GHz)
Wireless
Monitoring and
Control of Utilities
and Security Devices
(ISM, N-PCS)

Hey Buddy,
can you spare
a MHz?
Wireless Data

Analog Cordless
Digital Cordless
Family Radio Service
Cellular,PCS
Bluetooth
Mobile Satellite Service
3G, 4G, LTE, ...

One-way and
Two-way Messaging

13

Emerging/Future Wireless Requirements

Support Multiple Communication

Services

Mobile
GPS
Wireless LAN
Wireless PAN
Wireless MAN
Digital A/V Broadcasting, Wireless HD
Wireless RAN

Handling Multi-Band / Multi-Standard

Comm. System

Carrier Frequency : 50MHz~100 GHz

Data rate : 4k ~ 10 Gbps
Output Power : 10 W ~ 10 W
Concurrent Multi-mode operation
Low Power Consumption
Re-configurability
Flexible, Wearable H/W Platform

14

Wireless Standards

ide
W

a
r
r

e
g
n

1
3
<

W-RAN: 802.22
Wireless Regional Area Network
Wider range utilizing Unused VHF/UHF band (54~854MHz)

.
i
m

W-MAN: 802.16
Broadband Wireless Access

<

30

MBWA: 802.20

WiMax / WiBro

.
t
f
0

<

Upto 70Mb/s bandwidth

Mobile Broadband Wireless Access

Several Mb/s, upto 155mph

W-LAN
802.11a: 5GHz, <54Mb/s, <150ft
802.11b: 2.4GHz, <11Mb/s, <300ft
802.11g: 2.4GHz, <54Mb/s, <300ft (costly)

t.
f
0
3

W-PAN: 802.15

Bluetooth(802.15.1): <1Mb/s, data link

ZigBee(802.15.4): <250kb/s, Wireless sensors
High-rate WPAN(802.15.3): <100Mb/s,
Wireless DVD streaming

mmW Radios
(60 GHz, Gb/s)
Wireless HDMI

15

AD

M I N ISTR ATI O N

TI O N A L TELE C

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U.S
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NA

UN

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IC

TI
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ATI O
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October 2003

NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE

ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION

SERVICE
EXAMPLE
DESCRIPTION

Primary
FIXED
Capital Letters

Secondary

This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by the
FCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e., footnotes and recent changes
made to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult the
Table to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.

Mobile
1st Capital with lower case letters

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

** EXCEPT AERO MOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE
MOBILE

WAVELENGTH

BAND
DESIGNATIONS

FREQUENCY 0
FIXED

3 x 107m

ACTIVITIES

Infra-sonics

10 Hz
3 x 106m

100 Hz
1 kHz

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

Office of Spectrum Management
3 kHz

3 x 105m
30,000 m

VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)

Audible Range
Sonics

10 kHz

30 GHz

3,000 m

LF

100 kHz
FIXED

300 m

AM Broadcast
Ultra-sonics

MF

1 MHz

HF

10 MHz
MOBILE**

FIXED

RADIOLOCATION

30 m
RADIORADIO
MOBILE
NAVIGATION SATELLITE NAVIGATION
SATELLITE

3m

FM Broadcast

VHF

100 MHz

MAGNIFIED ABOVE
L

1 GHz
30 cm

UHF

S C

MOBILE
MOBILE

MOBILE
SATELLITE
(E-S)

FIXED
SATELLITE
(E-S)

3 cm

SHF

10 GHz
75.5

FIXED

0.3 cm

Microwaves

EHF

Radar
Radar
Bands

100 GHz
0.03 cm

1 THz
3 x 105

Sub-Millimeter
Infrared

INFRARED

1013Hz
RADIO
ASTRONOMY

FIXED

1014Hz
RADIONAVIGATION
SATELLITE

Radiolocation

3 x 104
MOBILE
SATELLITE

MOBILE

3 x 103

VISIBLE

Visible

1015Hz

SPACE RESEARCH
(Passive)
FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)

RADIONAVIGATION

EARTH EXPL.
SATELLITE (Passive)

1016Hz

3 x 102

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(Passive)

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

ISM 61.25 .250 GHz

59-64 GHz IS DESIGNATED FOR
UNLICENSED DEVICES

3 x 10

ULTRAVIOLET

1017Hz
3

1018Hz

3 x 10 -1

Ultraviolet

X-RAY

1019Hz

FIXED

3 x 10 -2

1020Hz

MOBILE
SATELLITE

MOBILE

X-ray
Gamma-ray

GAMMA-RAY

3 x 10 -3
3 x 10 -4

1021Hz
1022Hz

3 x 10 -5

1023Hz

FIXED

3 x 10 -6

1024Hz

COSMIC-RAY

ISM 122.5 .500 GHz

3 x 10 -7

RADIONAVIGATION
SATELLITE
EARTH
EXPLORATION SAT.
(Passive)

RADIONAVIGATION
SPACE RES.
(Passive)

MOBILE
SATELLITE

MOBILE

MOBILE
SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

FIXED
RADIO
ASTRONOMY

FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

Radiolocation

MOBILE
SATELLITE
MOBILE

MOBILE
FIXED

ISM 245.0 1GHz

RADIORADIONAVIGATION ASTRONOMY
SATELLITE

FIXED
FIXED

ISM 24.125 0.125 GHz

MOBILE

ISM 2450.0 50 MHz

30.0

FIXED

MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION

Radiolocation

AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGICAL Radiolocation

AIDS
RADIONAVIGATION

3000

2900

2483.5
2500
2655
2690
2700

2417
2450

300

235.0

FIXED

AMATEUR

FIXED

LAND MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE

AMATEUR SATELLITE

Space Research
STANDARD FREQ.
LAND MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE**
RADIO ASTRONOMY
BROADCASTING
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
MOBILE**
FIXED
FIXED
MOBILE**
FIXED
MOBILE**
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
FIXED
MOBILE

AMATEUR
STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (25,000 kHz)

AMATEUR SATELLITE

29.7
29.8
29.89
29.91
30.0

25.01
25.07
25.21
25.33
25.55
25.67
26.1
26.175
26.48
26.95
26.96
27.23
27.41
27.54
28.0

24.89
24.99
25.005

TRAVELERS INFORMATION STATIONS (G) AT 1610 kHz

29.9

29.5

Radiolocation
FX-SAT (S - E)

MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)

MOBILE

MOB** B- SAT. FX FX-SAT

RADIO ASTRON. SPACE RESEARCH EARTH EXPL SAT

E-Expl Sat Radio Ast Space res.

BCST - SAT. MOBILE**

Amateur

2385
2390
2400

2360

2345

MOBILE

LAND
MOBILE

MARITIME MOBILE (TELEPHONY)

MARITIME MOBILE (TELEPHONY)

MOBILE (DISTRESS AND CALLING)
MARITIME MOBILE (TELEPHONY)

MARITIME
MOBILE

Space Research
STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL

STANDARD FREQ.

STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (2500kHz)

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)

MOBILE

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

AMATEUR
AMATEUR

RADIODETERMINATION SAT. (S-E)

FIXED

Radiolocation

Fixed

R- LOC. B-SAT

FIXED

FX

FIXED

3000

2850

2502
2505

2501

2495

2170
2173.5
2190.5
2194

2107

MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

Aeronautical
Mobile

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

FIXED SATELLITE (E-S)

27.5

25.25
25.5
27.0

25.05

MOB
RADIOLOCATION

MOBILE**

22.855
23.0
23.2
23.35
FIXED

21.45
21.85
21.924
22.0
MARITIME MOBILE

BROADCASTING
FIXED
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

FIXED
Mobile*
FIXED
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

2065

2000

Aeronautical
Radionavigation
(Radio Beacons)

Maritime
Radionavigation
(Radio Beacons)

Aeronautical
Mobile

FIXED SATELLITE (E-S) MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED
SAT (E-S)

INTERSATELLITE

location

MOBILE

MOBILE

Radiolocation Mobile Fixed

220.0
222.0
225.0

216.0

MARITIME
MOBILE

1900

1800

1705

1605
1615

3 kHz

MOBILE

FIXED

24.75

24.65

24.25
24.45

ISM 40.68 .02 MHz

FIXED

Earth Exploration
Satellite (S-S)

SATELLITE (E-S)

F I XRADIOLOCATION
E D (E-S)
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
(E-S)
MOBILE
FIXED
FIXED
SATELLITE
(E-S)
INTER-SAT. MOBILE
INTER-SAT. MOBILE
MOBILE
INTER-SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
Earth
Standard
Exploration Frequency and
Satellite
Time Signal
(S-S) F I X ESatellite
(E-S)
D
Earth
std Exploration
freq e-e-sat
(S-S) (s-s)
&Satellite
time e-e-sat

Amateur

INTER-SATELLITE

RADIOLOCATION

FIXED

Amateur

ISM 13.560 .007 MHz

300.0

275.0

265.0

252.0

RADIONAVIGATION
Earth
Expl.
INTER-SATELLITE
Satellite (Active)

MOBILE

Radiolocation
Radiolocation

FIXED

FIXED

250.0

248.0

241.0

238.0

Radiolocation
FIXED

FIXED

RADIOLOCATION

MOBILE

SPACE RES. (Passive)

Amateur

Mobile

MOBILE

LAND MOBILE

AMATEUR

24.05

Fixed

LAND MOBILE
AMATEUR

21.0

AMATEUR

BROADCASTING

MARITIME
MOBILE

EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (Passive)

ISM 5.8 .075 GHz

Amateur Satellite

Radiolocation

ISM 915.0 13 MHz

MOBILE

MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

2290
2300
2305
2310
2320

2200

2160
2180

Mobile

Space Research

AMATEUR SATELLITE

FIXED
AMATEUR

STANDARD FREQ.

BROADCASTING

FIXED

FIXED

Earth Expl.
Satellite
(Active)

MOBILE
SPACE
EARTH
OPERATION EXPLORATION
(s-E)(s-s) SAT. (s-E)(s-s)

2155

2110

2025

2020

19.68
19.80
19.990
19.995
20.005
20.010

MOBILE

MARITIME
MOBILE

AMATEUR SATELLITE

235.0

SPACE
RESEARCH
(s-E)(s-s)

MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED
MOBILE
(LOS)

FIXED
MOBILE**
Amateur
Amateur RADIOLOCATION MOBILE** FIXED
Radiolocation Mobile Fixed MOB FX R- LOC. B-SAT
RadioBCST-SATELLITE
Mobile
Fixed

FIXED
(LOS)

SPACE RES..(S-E)

S)

MOBILE

MOB. FX.

MOBILE
SPACE OP.
(E-S)(s-s)

FIXED

STAND. FREQ. & TIME SIG.

Space Research
STANDARD FREQUENCY & TIME SIGNAL (20,000 KHZ)

FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)
FIXED
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
Mobile
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
BROADCASTING
FIXED

17.9
17.97
18.03
18.068
18.168
18.78
18.9
19.02

17.41
17.48
17.55

16.36

15.6
15.8

MARITIME
MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

Radiolocation
EARTH EXPL.
SAT. (Passive)

AMATEUR SATELLITE

24.0

23.6

23.55

FIXED
FIXED

SPACE RES. EARTH EXPL.

(E-S)(s-s)
SAT. (E-S)(s-s)

173.2
173.4
174.0

BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING

FIXED

MARITIME
MOBILE

BROADCASTING

14.990
15.005
15.010
15.10

STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (60 kHz)

RADIONAVIGATION Radiolocation
FIXED

FIXED

FIXED
SPACE RES.
SATELLITE(S-E) (Passive)

FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(Passive)

MOBILE

AMATEUR

EARTH EXPL.
SAT. (Passive)

MOBILE
SPACE RES.
(Passive)

22.55

Land Mobile
MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED

BROADCASTING

STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (15,000 kHz)

Space Research
STANDARD FREQ.
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

Mobile*

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED
SATELLITE
(E-S)

FIXED

INTER-SATELLITE

FIXED

2000

FIXED
FIXED

BROADCASTING
(TV CHANNELS 7-13)

RADIO ASTRONOMY

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED

1850

1755

1710

156.2475
157.0375
157.1875
157.45
161.575
161.625
161.775
162.0125

154.0

150.8
152.855

FIXED

13.2
13.26
13.36
13.41
13.57
13.6
13.8
13.87
14.0
14.25
14.35

RADIOLOCATION

231.0

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

MOBILE

FIXED

1700

1675

1670

MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE
LAND MOBILE

LAND MOBILE

LAND MOBILE

AMATEUR SATELLITE
AMATEUR
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)
MOBILE

LAND MOBILE

144.0
146.0
148.0
149.9
150.05

Mobile*
BROADCASTING
FIXED
BROADCASTING
Mobile*
FIXED
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
AMATEUR

12.23

FIXED

FIXED

METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS (Radiosonde)

FIXED

1660
1660.5
1668.4

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED

RADIONAV-SATELLITE

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

MOBILE

137.0
137.025
137.175
137.825
138.0

136.0

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

RADIOASTRONOMY
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FIXED

12.10

12.05

MARITIME
MOBILE

217.0

19.3
19.7

METEOROLOGICAL
SATELLITE (s-E)

MOBILE**

FIXED

202.0

200.0

FIXED

MOBILE SAT. (S-E)

20.1
FX SAT (S-E)
MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)
20.2
FXFIXED
SAT (S-E) MOBILE SAT (S-E)
STD FREQ. & TIME
21.2
SPACE RES.
F I X E D MOBILE EARTH EXPL. SAT.
21.4
FIXED
MOBILE
22.0
MOBILE**
FIXED
22.21
S P A C E R A D . A S T MOBILE** F I X E D EARTH EXPL. SAT.
22.5
RES.

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED SATELLITE (E-S)

17.2
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.6
18.8

METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS (RADIOSONDE)

SPACE RESEARCH (Passive)

MOBILE SAT. (E-S)

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIO ASTRONOMY

RADIO ASTRONOMY

FIXED
AMATEUR

MET. SAT. (S-E)

MET. SAT. (S-E)
MET. SAT. (S-E)
MET. SAT. (S-E)

BROADCASTING

MOBILE

MOBILE

190.0

185.0

182.0

176.5

Radioloc.
Radiolocation

17.1

15.63
15.7
16.6

MET. SAT.
(s-E)

INTERSATELLITE

RADIOLOC.

FX SAT (E-S)

Space Res.

FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)
FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)
FX SAT (S-E) EARTH EXPL. SAT.
SPACE RES.

BCST SAT.

Earth Expl Sat

Radiolocation

Radiolocation
Radiolocation

1558.5
1559
1610
1610.6
1613.8
1626.5

1549.5

1545

1544

1535

1530

SPACE OPN. (S-E)

SPACE OPN. (S-E)
SPACE OPN. (S-E)
SPACE OPN. (S-E)

132.0125

FIXED

MARITIME
MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

FIXED

INTERSATELLITE
MOBILE

FIXED SAT (E-S)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

AERO RADIONAV

RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION Space Res.(act.)
RADIOLOCATION

Fixed

MOBILE

EARTH
SPACE RESEARCH
EXPLORATION
(Passive)
SATELLITE (Passive)

174.5

170.0

168.0

164.0

15.4
15.43

MOBILE SATELLITE
(Space to Earth)

Mobile Satellite (S- E)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAV. SATELLITE (Space to Earth)
AERO. RADIONAVIGATION RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) M O B I L E S A T ( E - S )
AERO. RADIONAV. RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) MOBILE SAT. (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY
Mobile Sat. (S-E)
AERO. RADIONAV. RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) MOBILE SAT. (E-S)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE (R) (space to Earth)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE (R)

(space to Earth)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE (R)
(space to Earth)

MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)

SPACE RES. (S-E)

SPACE RES. (S-E)
SPACE RES. (S-E)
SPACE RES. (S-E)

FIXED

FIXED

EARTH
INTERSATELLITE EXPLORATION
SAT. (Passive)

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

INTERSATELLITE

EARTH EXPL. SAT.

(Passive)
SPACE RESEARCH
(Passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY

15.35

15.1365

14.47
14.5
14.7145

14.4

Mobile **

MOBILE SAT.
MARITIME MOBILE SAT.
(Space to Earth)
(Space to Earth)
MARITIME MOBILE SATELLITE
MOBILE SATELLITE (S-E)
(space to Earth)

MOB. SAT. (S-E)

Mob. Sat. (S-E)
MOB. SAT. (S-E)
Mob. Sat. (S-E)

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

MOBILE

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)
SPACE RES.
(Passive)

Space Research
Space Research
Space Research

FIXED
Land Mobile
SAT. (E-S) Satellite (E-S)
FX SAT.(E-S) L M Sat(E-S)

Mobile
Fixed
Mobile

Mobile

FIXED

Mobile

Fixed
Fixed
FIXED
MOBILE

14.2

MOBILE SAT.
(Space to Earth)
Mobile
(Aero. TLM)

1430
1432
1435
1525

128.8125

121.9375
123.0875
123.5875

FIXED

MOBILE

151.0

150.0

149.0

Land Mobile
Satellite (E-S)

MOBILE

LAND MOBILE (TLM)

FIXED (TLM)

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

300 kHz

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

Amateur Satellite

FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED (TLM)

1390
1392
1395
1400
1427
1429.5

1350

FIXED

FIXED

MOBILE

EARTH
EXPL. SAT. SPACE RES.
(Passive)
(Passive)

Mobile**

FIXED**

(S-E)

Fixed (TLM)

MOBILE (AERONAUTICAL TELEMETERING)

FIXED-SAT

LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE (TLM)

(E-S)

SPA CE RESEARCH ( Passive)

FIXED

FIXED-SAT

RADIOLOCATION

Radiolocation

11.175
11.275
11.4
11.6
11.65

BROADCASTING
(AM RADIO)

FIXED

Amateur

13.25

12.75

MOBILE **

MOBILE

EARTH EXPL SAT (Passive)

LAND MOBILE

MOBILE **
ASTRONOMY

FIXED

FIXED

RADIO

BROADCASTING

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)
FIXED
BROADCASTING
FIXED

9.9
9.995
10.003
10.005
10.1
10.15

Radiolocation

FIXED

Radiolocation

MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED

12.7

12.2

FIXED
STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (10,000 kHz)
Space Research
STANDARD FREQ.
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)
AMATEUR

9.5

9.4

8.965
9.040

8.815

8.1
8.195

STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (20 kHz)

FIXED

FIXED

RADIONAVIGATION
MOBILE

142.0
144.0

FIXED
SATELLITE MOBILE
(E-S)

MOBILE

FIXED

Space Research (E-S)

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAV.
13.4
RADIOStandard
RadioLOCATION
Freq. and
location
Time Signal
13.75
FIXED
RADIORadioSatellite (E-S)
SAT.(E-S) location
LOCATION
14.0
RADIO
Land Mobile
FIXED
Space
NAVIGATION
SAT. (E-S) Satellite (E-S)
Research

SPACE
RESEARCH (S-E)
(Deep Space)

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

BROADCASTING
SATELLITE

117.975

BROADCASTING

BROADCASTING

FIXED

FIXED

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

MARITIME
MARITIMEMOBILE
MOBILE

7.3
7.35

7.1

7.0

MARITIME
MOBILE

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE (Passive)

RADIONAVIGATION
SATELLITE

FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)

RADIOLOCATION

FIXED

INTERSATELLITE

Space
Research

AMATEUR SATELLITE

134.0

126.0

1300

108.0

ISM 6.78 .015 MHz

FIXED

119.98

Amateur

1240

1215

BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING

535

525

505
510

495

FIXED

AMATEUR

(Passive)

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

RADIOLOCATION

RADIOLOCATION

88.0

FIXED
FIXED

AMATEUR

6.685
6.765

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

MARITIME MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

(Passive)

Mobile **

SPACE EARTH
Amatuer
RES. EXPL .SAT
120.02
EARTH
SPACE

FIXED

INTER-

FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)

MOBILE SATELLITE RESEARCH EXPL SAT.

FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)

MOBILE

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
SATELLITE (S-E)

928
929
930
931
932
935
940
941
944
960

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

FIXED

11.7

10.7

10.68

FIXED
FIXED

FIXED
FIXED

FIXED
FIXED
FIXED

Amateur

FIXED
FIXED

BROADCASTING
(FM RADIO)

FIXED

EARTH EXPL.
SATELLITE (Passive)

FIXED

10.5
10.55
10.6

10.45

10.0

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED
FIXED

Mobile*

INTERSAT.

116.0

SPACE
RESEARCH (Passive)

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

FIXED
EARTH EXPL.
SAT. (Passive)

Amateur
Satellite

Amateur

LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE

LAND MOBILE
MOBILE
LAND MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

Mobile
Mobile

FIXED

EARTH

Amateur

Radiolocation

RADIOLOCATION

Radiolocation

9.5

9.3

9.2

9.0

MOBILE
FIXED
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE

74.6
74.8
75.2
75.4
76.0

73.0

72.0

FIXED
AMATEUR SATELLITE

MOBILE

MARITIME
MOBILE
(SHIPS ONLY)

MARITIME MOBILE

MOBILE (DISTRESS AND CALLING)

FIXED

SPACE

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

SPACE RESEARCH
(Passive)

Radiolocation

RADIOLOCATION

RADIOLOCATION

Radiolocation

MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY

FIXED

Mobile

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

AMATEUR

6.525

6.2

5.95

5.68
5.73
5.90

5.45

4.995
5.003
5.005
5.060

4.85

4.75

4.65
4.7

435

415

405

MARITIME MOBILE

INTERF I X E D MOBILE SATELLITE

RESEARCH EXPL SAT.
(Passive)
(Passive)

105.0

102.0

100.0

95.0

92.0

Radiolocation

Radiolocation

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

MOBILE

LAND MOBILE

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
FIXED

821
824
849
851
866
869
894
896
901901
902

806

794

776

764

BROADCASTING
(TV CHANNELS 5-6)

FIXED

RADIOLOCATION

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

MOBILE

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(Passive)

FIXED
SATELLITE
(E-S)

Meteorological
Aids

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION

8.5

8.45

8.4

8.215

FIXED
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
FIXED

LAND MOBILE

MOBILE

BROADCAST

MOBILE

FIXED
BROADCASTING

MARITIME MOBILE

MARITIME
MOBILE

RADIONAVIGATION

Radiolocation

FIXED

300 MHz

RADIOLOCATION

SPACE RESEARCH (S-E)

(deep space only)

FIXED
Mobile
MET.
SATELLITE
FIXED SATELLITE Satellite (E-S)
(E-S)
(E-S)
(no airborne)
FIXED
Mobile Satellite
SATELLITE
FIXED
(E-S)(no airborne)
(E-S)

FIXED
SPACE RESEARCH (S-E)

8.175

8.025

FIXED

MOBILE

746

698

FIXED

BROADCASTING

Mobile

EARTH EXPL.
SATELLITE (S-E)

Fixed
Mobile
Satellite (E-S)

7.90

7.75

FIXED

FIXED

BROADCAST

MOBILE

MOBILE*

MOBILE*

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

FIXED

FIXED

EARTH EXPL.
SAT. (S-E)

FIXED
MOBILE
SATELLITE (E-S)
SATELLITE (E-S)
FIXED
EARTH EXPL.
FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S) SATELLITE(S-E)

FIXED

7.55

7.45

7.30

BROADCAST
MOBILE
FIXED
FIXED

608.0
614.0

MOBILE
STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (5000 KHZ)
Space Research
STANDARD FREQ.

FIXED

FIXED

MARITIME
MOBILE

RADIONAVIGATION

MARITIME MOBILE

76.0
Amateur
RADIOLOC.
77.0
Amateur
RADIOLOC.
Amateur Sat. 77.5
RADIOLOC.
AMATEUR AMATEUR SAT 78.0
Amateur
RADIOAmateur
Satellite
LOCATION
81.0
FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED
SATELLITE SATELLITE
(S-E)
(S-E)
84.0
BROADBROADFIXED
MOBILE
CASTING CASTING
SATELLITE
86.0

Fixed

FIXED

Mobile
Satellite (S-E)
Mobile
Satellite (S-E)

Mobile Satellite (S-E)

MOBILE
SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED
MET.
FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E) SATELLITE (S-E)
FIXED
FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)

7.19
7.235
7.25

7.125

RADIO ASTRONOMY

54.0

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

MOBILE*

4.438

Aeronautical Mobile

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

FIXED

AMATEUR SATELLITE

FIXED
FIXED

SPACE RESEARCH (E-S)

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED SAT (E-S)

7.025
7.075

6.70
6.875

6.525

6.425

LAND MOBILE

TV BROADCASTING

FIXED

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED
FIXED

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)
MOBILE

FIXED SATELLITE (S-E)(E-S)

MOBILE

5.85
5.925

BROADCASTING
(TV CHANNELS 2-4)

FIXED

FIXED
FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

RADIOAmateur- sat (s-e) Amateur

LOCATION
Amateur
MOBILE FIXED SAT(E-S)

5.83

5.65

5.6

5.46
5.47

50.0

49.6

46.6
47.0

3 MHz

74.0

71.0

66.0

65.0

64.0

59.3

Radiolocation
Amateur

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED

4.063

4.0

335

325

Fixed

AMATEUR

INTERSATELLITE

INTERSATELLITE

INTERSATELLITE

INTERSATELLITE

METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS

RADIOLOCATION

MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION

FIXED

LAND
MOBILE

MOBILE*

MARITIME MOBILE

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

RADIONAVIGATION

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

MOBILE

EARTH
SPACE
EXPLORATION RESEARCH F I X E D M O B I L E * *
SATELLITE

MOBILE

54.25
55.78
56.9
57.0

512.0

FIXED

AMATEUR

FIXED

MOBILE

EARTH-ES
INTER- SAT

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SAT. (Passive)
58.2
EARTH
EXPLORATION
SAT. (Passive)
59.0
SPACE RADIO- INTERRES.. LOC.
SAT

5.35

BROADCASTING
(TV CHANNELS 21-36)

EARTH
EXPLORATION F I X E D
SAT. (Passive)

MOBILE

RES.

EARTH-ES

SPACE

INTER
- SAT

3 GHz

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

FIXED

RES.

SPACE

INTER- SAT EARTH EXPL-SAT (Passive)

INTER- SAT

MOBILE

MOBILE

RES.
MOBILE

FIXED SAT (S-E)

Radiolocation

RADIORadioLOCATION
location
Radiolocation
RADIONAVIGATION
MARITIME
Radiolocation
RADIONAVIGATION

AERO. RADIONAV.
RADIOLOCATION
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAV.

5.15
5.25

BROADCASTING
(TV CHANNELS 14 - 20)

43.69

MOBILE**

SPACE

52.6

51.4

5.0

4.99

4.94

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED

SPACE
RES.

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

MOBILE

50.4

MOBILE**

FIXED
RADIO ASTRONOMY Space Research (Passive)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

LAND MOBILE

460.0
462.5375
462.7375
467.5375
467.7375
470.0

LAND
MOBILE

42.0

40.0

39.0

37.0
37.5
38.0
38.25

36.0

Aeronautical
Mobile

300

NOT ALLOCATED

FIXED
FIXED

FIXED

MOBILE

50.2

48.2

4.8

FIXED
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE FIXED
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE FIXED

LAND MOBILE

LAND
MOBILE

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
(Passive)

FIXED

FX
SAT(E-S)

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SATELLITE
FI XED
MOBILE
SATELLITE (E-S) SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

MOBILE

MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED

MOBILE

47.2

47.0

46.9

45.5

4.5

4.4

MOBILE

MOBILE
LAND MOBILE

FIXED

MARITIME
MOBILE

FIXED

FX
SAT(E-S)

MOBILE

450.0
454.0
455.0
456.0

420.0

FIXED

RADIO ASTRONOMY

35.0

Maritime
Radionavigation
(Radio Beacons)

Aeronautical
Radionavigation

SPACE RESEARCH

MOBILE

AMATEUR SATELLITE

MOBILE
MOBILE
SAT (E-S).
MOBILE
FIXED

FIXED

Meteorological
Satellite (S-E)

FIXED

AMATEUR

RADIONAV.SAT. MOB. SAT(E-S)

43.5

Amateur

LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
FIXED
LAND MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION

LAND
MOBILE
MOBILE

LAND MOBILE
Radio Astronomy
LAND MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED

MARITIME
MOBILE

RADIONAV.
SATELLITE

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

FIXED

MOBILE
SATELLITE (E-S)

MOBILE**

403.0

402.0

30 MHz

FIXED
SATELLITE (E-S)

Met-Satellite Earth Expl Sat

(E-S)
(E-S)

MET-SAT. EARTH EXPL

SAT. (E-S)
(E-S)

401.0

400.05
400.15

399.9

METEOROLOGICAL AIDS (RADIOSONDE)

406.0
MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)
406.1
RADIO
FIXED
MOBILE
ASTRONOMY
410.0
SPACE RESEARCH
FIXED
MOBILE
(S-S)

MET. AIDS
(Radiosonde)

MET. SAT.
(S-E)

FIXED

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

MOBILE SATELLITE (E-S)

Space Opn.
(S-E)

Earth
Expl.
Met-Satellite
Earth Expl Sat
(E-S)Satellite(E-S)
(E-S)

(S-E)

SPACE RES.

MET-SAT. EARTH EXPL

(E-S) SAT. (E-S)

MOBILE.
SAT. (S-E)

STD. FREQ. & TIME SIGNAL SAT. (400.1 MHz)

RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
MET. AIDS
(Radiosonde)
MET. AIDS SPACE OPN.
(Radio(S-E)
sonde)

MOBILE

42.5

FIXED
SATELLITE
(S-E)
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

4.2

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.230

3.155

3.0
3.025

Aeronautical
Mobile

Earth
EARTH
SPACE
F I X E D MOBILE
Expl.
EXPL
SAT
SAT.
RES. (E-S) Sat (s - e) SAT (E-S)
40.5
BROAD- FX-SAT Fixed Mobile
BCST
CASTING (S-E)
SAT.
41.0
BROADBCST
MOBILE
FIXED
CASTING
SAT.

Radiolocation

FIXED

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (R)

FIXED

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

40.0

39.5

38.6

FIXED SAT.
(S-E)
FIXED SAT.
(S-E)

MOBILE

34.0

33.0

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE (OR)

AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

MOBILE*

Radiolocation

MOBILE

38.0

RADIOLOCATION

MOBILE**

AERO. RADIONAV.(Ground)

FIXED

LAND
MOBILE

MOBILE

32.0

30.56

30.0

AMATEUR

FIXED

FIXED

FIXED
SAT. (S-E)

37.6

37.0

36.0

FIXED
FIXED

MOBILE

FIXED

F I X E D MOBILE
SATELLITE SAT.

FIXED

FIXED
SATELLITE (S-E)

SPACE RESEARCH
(space-to-Earth)

335.4

328.6

FIXED

RADIO ASTRONOMY

MOBILE

F I X E D MOBILE

Radiolocation
SPACE RE. EARTH EXPL.
.(Passive) SAT. (Passive)

SPACE
RES.

RADIOLOCATION

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBILE

3.5

AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION

MOBILE
SATELLITE

FIXED

RADIOLOCATION
Radiolocation

Amateur

RADIOLOCATION

Radiolocation

RADIOLOCATION

GOVERNMENT/ NON-GOVERNMENT SHARED

Radiolocation

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
(Ground)

FIXED
MOBILE

RADIONAVIGATION
SATELLITE
FIXED

MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION
MOBILE

FIXED

STANDARD FREQUENCY
AND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE
3.3

BROADCASTING

33.0
33.4

MOBILE
SATELLITE

32.0

RADIONAVIGATION

31.8

RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE

MARITIME MOBILE
SATELLITE

RADIONAVIGATION 32.3

MARITIME MOBILE

AMATEUR SATELLITE

RADIONAVIGATION

AMATEUR
LAND
MOBILE

RADIOLOCATION
FIXED

LAND MOBILE
SATELLITE
322.0

AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION

INTER-SATELLITE

MOBILE SATELLITE
MOBILE**

RADIONAVIGATION

300.0

RADIODETERMINATION
SATELLITE

INTER- SAT

FIXED SATELLITE
MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION
(RADIO BEACONS)

RADIONAVIGATION

MOBILE
STANDARD FREQUENCY
AND TIME SIGNAL
3.1

LAND MOBILE

SPACE
RESEARCH (deep space)

GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE
Aeronautical
Radionavigation
(Radio Beacons)

SPACE RES.

SPACE RESEARCH

31.3

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE SATELLITE

EARTH
EXPLORATION
SAT. (Passive)

3.0

INTER-SATELLITE

SPACE
RESEARCH
(Passive)

METEOROLOGICAL
SATELLITE

FIXED
Radiolocation

EARTH EXPLORATION
SATELLITE

MARITIME
RADIONAVIGATION

SPACE OPERATION

31.0

MOBILE

AERONAUTICAL
MOBILE

RADIO
ASTRONOMY

ACTIVITY CODE
30.0

RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND

MOBILE

METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS

MOBILE
SATELLITE
(E-S)

BROADCASTING
SATELLITE

FIXED

THE RADIO SPECTRUM

FIXED
SATELLITE
(E-S)

FREQUENCY
ALLOCATIONS

Standard
Frequency and
Time Signal
Satellite (S-E)

UNITED
STATES

Stand. Frequency
and Time Signal
Satellite (S-E)

300

285

275

200

190

160

130

110

90

70

61

59

30

30

20.05

19.95

14

The Radio Spectrum

MARITIME
MOBILE

300 kHz

LAND MOBILE

FIXED

3 MHz

ISM 27.12 .163 MHz

30 MHz

MOBILE

MOBILE SATELLITE

MOBILE

FIXED
FIXED

300 MHz

3 GHz

30 GHz

FIXED
RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
(E-S)

MOBILE

FIXED

* EXCEPT AERO MOBILE (R)

PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPECTRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNT
OF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.

300 GHz

Cosmic-ray

THE RADIO SPECTRUM

300 GHz
1025Hz

16

Why RF?
Receiver

Transmitter

Antenna

Antenna
Speaker

MIC

Human voice-band: 20 Hz - 20 kHz

= 1.5 x 107 m - 1.5 x 104 m

For efficient wireless transmission, antenna dimensions (d) ~ /4

For voice-band, d ~ kilometers

If d ~ 6 cm, = 24 cm => carrier frequency (fc) = 1.25 GHz

So we need frequency translation (mixing)
17

Why RF?
Transmitter

Antenna

Receiver

Antenna

Speaker

MIC

Mixer

Mixer

PA

Oscillator

LNA

LPF

Oscillator

A Simple Receiver and Transmitter Block Diagram

18

A Typical Communication System

Transmitter

voice, video,
data, music
Information
Source

Compression/
Coding

ADC

mixer,VCO/PLL,
PA, Filters
Driver
Amplifier

Modulator

Digital
Channel

Demodulator

ADC

Downconverter

Low-Noise
Amplifier

mixer,VCO/PLL,
VGA, Filters
De-coding/
De-compressor

DAC

Information
Sink

speakers,
displays

Digital
Receiver
19

Wireless Environment
Signals of various levels coexist around the wireless channel
Wireless communication is achieved by careful transmission and
selective reception of signal
Note the in-band and out-of-band interferers
Interferers

Desired Signal

Noise

20

Basic Wireless Transceiver

Transmitter
Should not emit spurious signals out of its band
Should have power control to prevent wastage of power
Should not affect the modulation present in the transmitted signal

Receiver
Should be able to select the desired signal
Should be able to distinguish very weak signals from noise and other
unwanted signals lying in the band

21

Terminology
Active Components: Components which provide GAIN (power)
Amplifiers
Some kinds of mixers

Passive Components: LOSSY components (-ve gain)

Filters
Some kinds of mixers

Selectivity: Ability to select the desired channel while rejecting the others
Sensitivity: The minimum power a receiver can successfully detect
Dynamic Range: The difference between the maximum power a receiver
can tolerate (distortion) and the sensitivity
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Signal power/Noise Power (over the
bandwidth)
Noise Figure (NF): Noise contribution of the component
22

RF Power
dBm: Power is represented in dBm scale
log power measured relative to 1 mW reference.
e.g., a power level of 1 mW = 0 dBm
Power level of

In general, x mW power can be represented as

dB is used to represent difference in Power levels

e.g.: A power gain of 2 ~ 3 dB gain.

Sometimes voltage, current are also represented in dB scale:

Voltage:
Current:

23

RF Power
Typical power levels at the receiver of a WLAN card on your
laptop or cell phone signal ~ -70 to -100 dBm
GPS ~ -120 to -150 dBm
-100 dBm power = 10-10 mW = 10-13 W

If this is across a 50 antenna, then the voltage across it will be

The aim is to amplify such low signals to higher values,

suppressing the interferers and noise

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RF Design Challenge

Image courtesy: B. Razavi (RF Microelectronics)

25

RF Design Hexagon

Noise

Power

Frequency

Linearity
Supply
Voltage

Gain

Image courtesy: B. Razavi (RF Microelectronics)

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Course Objective

Learn how to translate wireless system specification into optimum System

Architecture, and understand specifics on Integrated Circuits (IC)
Linearity Specs (IIP3, P1dB), Dynamic Range, Sensitivity, Blockers
Noise Figure, Signal-to-noise Ratio
Link Budget Analysis

Study passive components:

Inductors, Capacitors
Q-factors, Matching networks

Study key building blocks for RF transceivers:

Low Noise Amplifier, Mixer, Oscillators, Power Amplifiers

Understand the RF Design Hexagon trade-off!

Hands-on experience via design project with emphasis on RF system and

front-end circuit using state-of-the-art CAD tools, such as Agilent-ADS.
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What you are expected to know!

Prerequisites:
Familiarity with basic RF/Microwave (4xxx level)
S-Parameters
2-Port Network Theory
Familiarity with Analog Circuits
Basic Device Physics: CMOS, Bipolar transistors
Small signal analysis of transistors
gm, , ro, fT, fMAX
Basic amplifier topologies
Common Source, Common Gate, Cascode
Familiarity with circuit simulation tools
SPICE, HSPICE, PSPICE
ADS (training manuals/tutorials will be provided)

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Grading
Course structure:
About 10 HWs in the Semester, 3-4 Quizzes
2 Midterm Exams (in Class)
1 Design Project (Group of 2-3 students)

Homeworks/Quizzes

30%

Midterm-1

20%

Midterm-2

20%

Design Project

30%

Total

100%
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