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Speed Control of DC Motor Using Pulse Width Modulation

Dc motor speed can be controlled using pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM works by varying the duty cycle of pulses sent to the motor. A simple PWM circuit can be made using an IC 555 timer configured in astable mode. The duty cycle, and thus motor speed, is adjusted by varying the resistance between pins 6 and 7 of the IC 555. This provides a cheap way to control motor speed but it is not very accurate. For more precise control, a microcontroller-based PWM circuit should be used.

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Naman Nepal
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204 views

Speed Control of DC Motor Using Pulse Width Modulation

Dc motor speed can be controlled using pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM works by varying the duty cycle of pulses sent to the motor. A simple PWM circuit can be made using an IC 555 timer configured in astable mode. The duty cycle, and thus motor speed, is adjusted by varying the resistance between pins 6 and 7 of the IC 555. This provides a cheap way to control motor speed but it is not very accurate. For more precise control, a microcontroller-based PWM circuit should be used.

Uploaded by

Naman Nepal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Speed control of dc motor using pulse width

modulation (pwm)
Dc motor finds a wide application in various field. The major use of dc
motor is found in cpu fans, fumes extinguisher and many other dc
operated appliances.The speed of motor needs to be adjusted as per
the requirement of the user and the respective condition. Many fans find
such speed adjustment as an automated function but there are also the
cases where the speed is to be adjusted manually.
There are various method for adjusting the speed of dc motor. One of
the simpliest method is to add a series resistance along the motor.
Though simple this method does not find its applicability when we want
to use any devices like microcontrollers or any other digital equipment
for automating our DC fan speed. So there comes the use of pulse width
modulation technique of dc motor control for efficient speed control.

Circuit diagram for pulse width modulation method of dc


motor speed control

How does the circuit work?


IC 555 is an integrated circuit that is utilized in this circuit to operate a
dc motor. Here, IC 555 is operated in astable mode where the circuit
can be used as a pulse width modulator with few small adjustment to the
circuit. The frequency of operation of the circuit is provided by the
passive parameters of resistances and capacitances attached to it. The
resistance between pin-7 and pin-8, the resistance between pin-6 and
pin-7 and the capacitance between pin-2 and the ground govern the
frequency of operation and duty cycle of the IC 555 in astable mode. The
duty cycle is governed by the resistor which is in between pin-6 and pin7 of the IC 555 timer. So, by taking advantage of the circuits working, we
can change the 555 astable multivibrator into a pulse width modulator by
using a variable resistor instead of a constant resistor in between pin-6
and pin-7.
This modulator is very cheap and advantageous in the sense that it can
be utilized as an astable multivibrator with little hardware and little cost. If
the desire is for more advance pulse width modulator than it is better to
choose the microcontroller based pulse width modulation than this. The
duty cycle of this circuit can be changed by varying the resistance
between pin-7 and pin-6. Increase in duty cycle increases the speed of
motor and decrease in duty cycle decreases the speed of motor.
However the circuit is not so much sensitive and accurate. for accurate
and sophisticated pulse width modulator it is advised to use
microcontroller.

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