Scribd
Upload
410 views

Ray Theory Transmission: Total Internal Reflection (Tir) Acceptance Angle (ϴa) Numerical Aperture (Na)

This document discusses key concepts for understanding how light propagates through an optical fiber using a ray model. It defines refractive index as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium. It explains that when a light ray passes from a high refractive index medium to a lower one, it bends toward the normal according to Snell's law. There is a critical angle where the refracted ray travels parallel to the interface, and above this angle total internal reflection occurs that traps light inside the fiber.

Uploaded by

jeevanandhamrvs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
410 views

Ray Theory Transmission: Total Internal Reflection (Tir) Acceptance Angle (ϴa) Numerical Aperture (Na)

This document discusses key concepts for understanding how light propagates through an optical fiber using a ray model. It defines refractive index as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium. It explains that when a light ray passes from a high refractive index medium to a lower one, it bends toward the normal according to Snell's law. There is a critical angle where the refracted ray travels parallel to the interface, and above this angle total internal reflection occurs that traps light inside the fiber.

Uploaded by

jeevanandhamrvs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

RAY THEORY

TRANSMISSION
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION (TIR)
ACCEPTANCE ANGLE (a)
NUMERICAL APERTURE (NA)

REFRACTIVE INDEX????
To consider the propagation of light in an optical
fiber utilizing ray theory model it is necessary to
take account of the refractive index.
DEFINITION :
The refractive index of a medium is the ratio
of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the
velocity of light in the medium.
Refractive index=c/v
Where,cspeed of light in free space
vspeed of light in given medium

Refraction

When a ray is incident on the interface


between two dielectrics of differing
refractive indices (eg glass-air)(high to
low),refraction occurs.

Cntd.

The ray approach the interface propagating


in a dielectric of refractive index n1 at an
angle 1

If the dielectric on the other side has


refractive index n2(which is less than
n1),then the refraction is such a way that
ray path in the lower refractive index
medium is at an angle 2.

Conditions :
1)n2<n1

2) 2> 1

Cntd

The angle of incidence 1


angle of refraction 2

High refractive index n1

Low refractive index n2

According to snells law of refraction,


n1sin 1 =n2sin2
(Or)

Sin1/sin 2 =n2/n1

Critical angle (c)


When the angle of refraction is 90 degree
and the refracted ray emerges parallel to
the interface between the dielectrics.
This is the limiting case of refraction and
the angle of incidence is called as critical
angle.
sin c = n2/n1

Total internal
reflection(TIR)
When the angle of incidence greater than
the critical angle the light is reflected back
into the originating dielectric medium(TIR)
with high efficiency (around 99.99%)
TIR occurs > Critical angle ( )
c

Refraction ,critical angle &


TIR

Light rays through fiber

You might also like