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The Eye - Anatomy 1

The eye contains several key structures that work together to allow vision. Light enters through the cornea and is focused by the lens onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain. The fovea, located in the center of the retina, contains the highest concentration of cones and allows for sharp color vision. Rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptors, with rods being more sensitive to light but unable to detect color. Phototransduction is the process where light activation of photopigments leads to neural signal propagation through the retina and optic nerve. Common causes of blindness include cataracts, glau

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Tony Demaguil
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28 views5 pages

The Eye - Anatomy 1

The eye contains several key structures that work together to allow vision. Light enters through the cornea and is focused by the lens onto the retina. The retina contains photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain. The fovea, located in the center of the retina, contains the highest concentration of cones and allows for sharp color vision. Rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptors, with rods being more sensitive to light but unable to detect color. Phototransduction is the process where light activation of photopigments leads to neural signal propagation through the retina and optic nerve. Common causes of blindness include cataracts, glau

Uploaded by

Tony Demaguil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Iris

controls how much light enters the eye

Cornea

transparent so light can pass through

Lens

light enters here and image is focused


onto the retina

Retina

transduction of light into neuronal signal, mostly


photoreceptors, image is inverted, light passes through
ganglion cells and bipolar cells and hits photoreceptors

Optic Nerve

Carries signal to the brain

Fovea

Region of highest aquity, colour vision due to high


concentration of cones

Types of Photoreceptors

Rods and Cones

Rods

More sensitive to light, monochromatic: colour not detected,


located mostly outside of the fovea

Cones

Less sensitive to light, trichromatic; sensitive to blue green


or red, located in fovea responsible for high visual aquity

Blind Spot at the Optic Disc

area on the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit the
retina, where there are no photoreceptors therefore no
vision

Phototransduction

Turning light into neural signals

Stage 1

Photopigments in photoreceptors
activated by light

Stage 2

Photoreceptor hyperpolarized

Stage 3

hyperpolarization decreases release of inhibitory NT leading


to depolarization caused by disinhibition

Disinhibition

removal of inhibitory influence

Stage 4

Depolarization of bipolar cells may lead to an AP


propagation along galgion cell

Causes of blindness

1. Cataract 2. Glaucoma 3. Macular


Degeneration

Cause of Cataract

clouded lens

Symptoms of a Cataract

blurred vision

Cause of Glaucoma

Intraocular pressure

Symptoms of Glaucoma

peripheral vision decreases leading to


tunnel vision

Cause of Macular Degeneration

fatty tissue deposits under RETINA

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

affects foveal vision

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