Scribd
Upload
266 views17 pages

Boiler: A ISA Pressure Vessel

The document defines a boiler as a closed pressure vessel that heats a fluid for external use by applying heat from combusting fuel or electricity. It then discusses the history and development of marine steam boilers, from early Scotch fire tube designs to modern water tube boilers. It provides details on various boiler components like drums, tubes, headers and describes differences between fire tube and water tube designs. Key advantages of modern water tube boilers are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

Ketan Sarmalkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
266 views17 pages

Boiler: A ISA Pressure Vessel

The document defines a boiler as a closed pressure vessel that heats a fluid for external use by applying heat from combusting fuel or electricity. It then discusses the history and development of marine steam boilers, from early Scotch fire tube designs to modern water tube boilers. It provides details on various boiler components like drums, tubes, headers and describes differences between fire tube and water tube designs. Key advantages of modern water tube boilers are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

Ketan Sarmalkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

DEFINITION OF BOILER

A BOILER IS A
CLOSED PRESSURE
VESSEL IN WHICH A
FLUID IS HEATED FOR
EXTERNAL USE BY THE
DIRECT APPLICATION
OF HEAT RESULTING
FROM THE
COMBUSTION OF FUEL
{ SOLID, LIQUID OR
GASEOUS } OR BY THE
USE OF ELECTRICITY

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE STEAM BOILER


MARINE STEAM BOILERS ARE NOT WHAT THEY
ONCE WERE; SCOTCH FIRE TUBE BOILERS. THE
MARINE STEAM BOILER DESIGN REMAINED
MUCH THE SAME AND ITS QUALITIES OF
RUGGEDNESS, RELIABILITY, EASE OF
MAINTENANCE, AND ABILITY TO STAND ABUSE ,
MADE IT A VERY POPULAR STEAM BOILER IN THE
MARINE FIELD. HOWEVER THERE WAS A
REALIZATION THAT ADVANCED BOILER DESIGNS
WITH GREATER GENERATING CAPACITY, HIGHER
PRESSURE, AND INCREASED EFFICIENCY WERE
NEEDED TO MEET THE CHANGING
REQUIREMENTS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TURBINE PROPULSION
MACHINERY.

The marine engineers then began to adapt various


types of water tube steam boilers to fit into the
restricted space available for installations on
shipboard. It was also realized that marine steam
boilers would have to be designed to burn
efficiently whatever fuel oils would be
available.Although the steam boilers are basically
the same, water boiling cauldrons, modern steam
boilers are different in details, especially
concerning the control systems. Marine steam
boilers today are provided with automatic
surveillance and burner management and they
operate without supervision 24 hour per day

SERVICES FOR WHICH STEAM


FROM BOILER USED

01 : FUEL OIL HEATING


02 : FUEL & CARGO TANK HEATING
03 : DOMESTIC FRESH WATER HEATING
04 : STEAM TURBINES
05 : TURBO ALTERNATORS
06 : MAIN BOILER FEED PUMP
07 : ACCOMODATION HEATING
08 : PURIFIER F.O & L.O HEATING
09 : MAIN ENGINE PRE-HEATING
10 : STRIPPER PUMP
11 : TRACING LINES
12 : STEAM WINCHES & WINDLASS
13 : FOR BURNERS IN THE BOILER
14 : SOOT BLOWERS
15 : GOLAR VENT

TYPES OF BOILER
1. FIRE TUBE BOILER : FLUE GAS INSIDE
THE TUBES AND WATER OUTSIDE THE
TUBES
2. WATER TUBE BOILER : WATER INSIDE
THE TUBES AND FLUE GAS OUTSIDE
THE TUBES

FIRE TUBE BOILER


The Scotch marine firetube boiler contained a
large quantity of water,
about six times more
than a water-tube
boiler, and was
therefore slow to steam
up and to change the
output capacity. Due to
the boilers stiff
construction it
required also a long
steaming up period to
avoid leaks caused by
thermal expansion of
the material

Scotch fire tube marine steam boiler

THE SINGLE-ENDED RETURN TUBE SCOTCH MARINE


BOILER CONSISTS OF A CYLINDRICAL BOILER SHELL
OF LARGE DIAMETER AND SHORT LENGTH, PROVIDED
WITH TWO OR MORE FURNACES IN CORRUGATED
FIRE-TUBES. EACH FURNACE ENDS IN A COMBUSTION
CHAMBER, SURROUNDED BY WATER. THE GASES PASS
THROUGH A BANK OF FLUE-TUBES FROM THE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER TO THE SMOKE-BOX AT THE
BOILER FRONT

Cochran donkey boiler


The boiler has a dome-shaped
furnace top that forms the
bottom of the boiler itself. It
has a neck on the front
through which the boiler is
fired and there is another on
the rear part of the top that
leads to a higher located
combustion chamber. The
combustion chambers
backside is covered with
brickwork and from its
front-side a horizontal bank
of flue-tubes leads to the
smoke box on the front side
of the boiler

Water tube boiler with two drums


D Type water
tube boiler.
Steam drum &
Water drum
connected by
Water wall
tubes. Down
comers are
fitted outside
heating area for
positive water
circulation

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WATER


TUBE AND FIRE TUBE BOILER
1.

2.

3.

THE TUBE IN THE FIRE TUBE BOILER ARE CONTAINED WITH IN THE SHELL
OR DRUM, WHERE AS THE TUBES IN MOST WATER TUBE BOILERS ARE
LOCATED OUTSIDE THE SHELL OR DRUM.
SMALLER SIZES OF THE FIRE TUBE BOILERS CAN BE BUILT INTO COMPACT
FACTORY ASSEMBLED UNITS, BUT AS THE UNIT BECOMES LARGER THE
CAPACITY OF THE BOILER BECOMES LIMITED BECAUSE OF THE LARGER
SIZE SHELL REQUIRED. WATER TUBE BOILER , TUBE ARRANGEMENT CAN
TAKE MANY DIFFERENT FORMS TO OBTAIN MORE AND MORE HEATING
SURFACE. THUS WATER TUBE UNITS ARE CAPABLE OF GREATER CAPACITY
AND PRESSURE WHICH WOULD BE IMPOSSIBLE IN A FIRE TUBE BOILER.
FIRE TUBE BOILERS ARE SIMPLE AND RUGGED CONSTRUCTION AND OF
RELATIVELY LOW FIRST COST. THE LARGER WATER CAPACITY MAKES THEM
SOME WHAT SLOW IN STEAMING UP TO OPERATING PRESSURE. BUT THIS
LARGER WATER CAPACITY PROVIDES ACCUMULATOR ACTION ( HEAT
STRORING ) THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO MEET STEAM LOAD CHANGES
QUICKLY. NON-CYLINDRICAL SECTIONS AND FLAT SURFACES MUST BE
STAYED TO GIVE ADDED RESISTANCE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE, THIS IS A BIG
DISADVANTAGE.

ADVANTAGE OF WATER TUBE BOILER


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

HIGHER CAPACITY CAN BE DESIGNED


THE SHELL OR DRUM IS NOT EXPOSED TO RADIANT HEAT OF FIRE, IT IS
NOT SUBJECTED TO OVERHEATING
MOST PARTS OF THE BOILER ARE ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANING, REPAIR &
INSPECTION.
THE GENERAL DESIGN PERMITS HIGHER OPERATING EFFICIENCIES
(FLEXIBILITY OF DESIGN).
THE FURNACE PROPORTIONS ARE SUCH THAT VARIOUS FUEL CAN BE
USED WITHOUT MAKING ALTERATIONS. THUS, DURING PRICE
FLUCTUATIONS OF VARIOUS FUELS, ECCONOMY CAN BE GAINED BY
USING LOWER PRICED FUEL.
WITH DOUBLE CASING RADIANT LOSS 1% OR LESS.
HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE.
GENERALLY ALL SURFACES ARE CIRCULAR, NO SUPPORT STAYS
REQUIRED.
STEAM CAN BE RAISED RAPIDLY FROM COLD IF THE OCCASION
DEMANDS BECAUSE OF THE POSITIVE CIRCULATION ( 3 4 HRS FOR
WATER TUBE BOILER COMPARED TO 24 HRS FOR FIRE TUBE BOILER).
CONSIDERING A FIRE TUBE BOILER AND WATER TUBE BOILER WITH
SIMILAR EVAPORATION RATES, THE WATER TUBE BOILER WILL BE
COMPACT AND RELATIVELY LIGHT WEIGHT BY COMPARISON.

COMPOSITE MARINE STEAM


BOILER
The composite marine steam
boiler is a combination of an
oil-fired steam boiler and an
exhaust gas economizer.
When the diesel engine is at
full load the fuel oil burner
only starts if the steam
demand exceeds the steam
production achieved from
the diesel engines exhaust
gases.

COMPENSATING PADS
ANY MATERIAL CUT FROM THE SHELLWILL WEAKEN IT
BY AN EXTENT RELATED TO THE AMOUNT CUT OUT. IN
GENERAL, ANY HOLES CUT IN THE SHELL WITH A
DIAMETER GREATER THAN : 2.5 x PLATE THICKNESS + 70 MM MUST BE PROVIDED
WITH COMPENSATING PADS FOR THE LOSS OF STRENGTH
DUE TO MATERIAL CUT OUT.

Stress in Longitudinal joint = Pressure x Diameter


2x
Plate Thickness
Stress in Circumferential joint = Pressure x Diameter
4
x Plate Thickness
Maximum Working Pressure = Max. stress
2 x Thickness
x the
joint
efficiency
Thex larger
holes cut in
shell
include
Diameter
Longitudinal
axis

Circumferential axis

the Manholes, and where these are cut


in the cylindrical portion of the shell they
must be arranged with their minor
axis parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the boiler. This is due to stress
acting upon the longitudinal seam being
twice that acting up on the
circumferential seam

TYPES OF BOILER TUBES

TYPES OF BOILER TUBES


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PLAIN TUBE
STAY TUBE
SWIRLYFLO TUBE
SINUFLO TUBE
THIMBLE TUBE
PLAIN TUBE / STAY TUBE
WATER WALL TUBE
SCREEN TUBE
GENERATING TUBE
RISER TUBE/RETURN TUBE
FLOOR TUBE
SUPERHEATER TUBE
SUPERHEAT SUPPORT TUBE

WATER WALL TUBES


1.

COOLER FURNACE WALLS


2. REDUCED BOILER SIZE,SINCE MORE HEAT IS
EXTRACTED PER UNIT FURNACE VOLUME
3. SAVING IN REFRACTORY,INITIALLY,AND
BECAUSE OF THE COOLING EFFECT,THERE
WILL BE LESS MAINTENANCE REQUIRED

HEADERS : - FOR WATER WALLS THESE ARE USUALLY SOLID


FORGED SQUARE OR CYLINDRICAL SECTION TUBES WITH NOZZLES AND
ENDS WELDED ON. DOORS OR PLUGS, OPPOSITE TUBE HOLES, PROVIDED TO
ALLOW ACCESS FOR INSPECTIO, EXPANDING OR PLUGGING OF TUBES
SECURING OF TUBES TO HEADERS
1. BY EXPANDING
2. BY EXPANDING FOLLOWED BY SEAL WELDING
3. BY WELDING TO NOZZLES OR STUBS

You might also like