UNIVERSITY OF BATH

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 1.
Year: 2010/11
Examiner:

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1
Date

Part

Mark

Total

10

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 2.
Year: 2010/11
Examiner:

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1
Date

Part

(a)

Mark

We have 5 + 12j = 13ej where = tan1 (12/5 ) = 1.176005. (Degrees not allowed.)

(b)
3 4j
(3 4j)(1 2j)
5 10j
=
=
= 1 2j.
1 + 2j
(1 + 2j)(1 2j)
5

(c)

We have

(d)

2e3j/4 =

  1

j 
2 cos 34 + j sin 43 = 2 + = 1 + j.
2
2

First, we see that (2 + 11j) = 1251/2 ej(+2n) where = tan1 (11/2 ) = 1.39095 and
n = 0, 1, 2. Hence,
(2 + 11j)1/3 = 1251/6 ej(/3+2n/3) for n = 0, 1, 2.
N.b. 1251/6 = 51/2 . Note also that answers with degrees in the exponential are incorrect.

(e)

The theorem is
cos 2 + j sin 2 = (cos + j sin )2 = cos2 sin2 + 2j sin cos .
The real part of this gives
cos 2 = cos2 sin2 .
The imaginary part of this gives
sin 2 = 2 sin cos .
2
Total

10

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 3.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

(b)

Mark

We have,

d 2
t cos 3t = 2t cos 3t 3t2 sin 3t.
(i)
dt

(ii)


d 
sin(t2 ) = 2t cos(t2 ).
dt

(iii)

d  t 
1 t2
.
=
dt 1 + t2
(1 + t2 )2

(iv)


d 
sin(te2t ) = (1 2t)e2t cos(te2t ).
dt

We get

 dy
dy
+ y exy =
.
x
dx
dx
This becomes,

dy
yexy
=
,
dx
1 xexy

or, alternatively,

(c)

y2
dy
=
.
dx
1 xy

Given that
y = (2x x2 )ex = x(2 x)ex ,
there are two critical points: x = 0, 2.
The second derivative is
y = (2 4x + x2 )ex .
y (0) = 2 > 0
y (2)

= 2 < 0

x = 0 is a minimum.
x = 2 is a maximum.

3
Total

12

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 4.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

Mark

As f = ln(x2 + y 2 ), then
2x
f
= 2
.
x
(x + y 2 )

i
2f
h
2x
4xy
h f i
=
= 2
=
.
2
2
xy
y x
y (x + y )
(x + y 2 )2

(b)

We need all the first and second partial derivatives.

zx = 3x2 + y 2 1, zy = 2xy,
zxx = 6x,

zyy = 2x,

zxy = 2y.

zy = 0 yields either x = 0 or y = 0.
On setting
zx = 0, we see quite quickly that (x, y) = (0, 1) are two critical points, while

(1/ 3, 0) are the other two.

We may now calculate H = zxx zyy (zxy )2 for all four critical points.
Hence the Table:
x

zxx

zyy

0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
6/ 3
2/ 3
1/ 3
1/ 3 0 6/ 3 2/ 3

zxy
2
2
0
0

H
4
Saddle
H
4
Saddle
H
4 Minimum H
4 Maximum H

<0
<0
> 0 zxx > 0
> 0 zxx < 0
4
Total

12

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 5.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

Mark

Using integration by parts, we have

Z
h ih e2t i h ih e2t i h ih e2t i h ih e2t i
t3 e2t dt = t3
3t2
+ 6t
6
.
2
4
8
16
On putting in the limits, we get
Z

t3 e2t dt = 6/16 = 3/8 .

(b)

The substitution is y = x2 , so dy = 2x dx and the upper limit is changed from x =

y = . Hence
Z

x sin(x ) dx =
0

(c)

1
2

cos y

i
0

1
2

sin(x ) 2x dx =
0
1
2

1
2

to

sin y dy
0

i
cos ( cos 0) = 1.

Using partial fractions of the form,

A Bt + C
1
= + 2
,
t3 + t
t
t +1
we get,

Hence,

h1
1
t i
.
=

t3 + t
t
t2 + 1
Z

dt
3
t +t

ln |t| 21 ln |t2 + 1| + c



t


ln 
 + c.
2
t +1
Total

4
12

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 6.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

Mark

The volume under the surface is given by,

V =

(b)

(r sin ) r dr d =

sin r dr d =

sin

i1
1 3
d
r
3
0

We have y = R[1 (x/h)] and hence y = R/h. Therefore,

r
Z h h
R2
xi
1 + 2 dx
R 1
A = 2
h
h
0
r
Z
xi
R2 h h
1
dx
= 2R 1 + 2
h
h
0
r
x2 ih
R2 h
= 2R 1 + 2 x
h
2h 0
r
R2
= Rh 1 + 2
h
p
= R h2 + R2 .

Likewise, we have,
V =
=

1
3

sin d = 32 .
4


x 2
dx
R2 1
h

R2
(x h)2 dx
2
0 h
h R2 (x h)3 ih

h2

=
=

R2 h3
h2 3
2
1
3 R h.

3
Total

12

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 7.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

Mark

By definition of the coefficients, we have

(1 + x)n =

n  
X
n
r=0

Hence, when x = 1, we have,

n  
X
n
r=0

and when x = 1, we have

xr .

= 2n ,

 
n
X
n n
(1)
= 0.
r
r=0

(b)

Given that the nth derivative of f (x) = (1 + x)1 is f (n) (x) = (1)n n!(1 + x)n1 , we
have
f (n) (1) = (1)n n!/2n+1 .
Therefore the Taylor series about x = 1 is,

n
1X
1 (x 1) (x 1)2 (x 1)3
n (x 1)
+

=
.
(1)
f (x) =
2
22
23
24
2
2n
n=0

(c)

The general term may be written in the form,

un =

(1)n xn
.
n!

Therefore the dAlembert test gives,

  x 
 
u
 

 n+1   n!
x = 
=
 0

un
(n + 1)!
n+1

as n .
2

Hence the radius of convergence is infinite.

(d)

We have
sin ax
x0 x + x2
lim

lim

x0

a cos ax
1 + 2x

a.
2
Total

12

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 8.
Year: 2010/11

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1

Examiner:

Date

Part

(a)

Mark

The function looks like the following.

(b)

The above sketch of the function indicates that it is odd, and therefore we do not need to
compute the An coefficients, because they are all zero.
By definition we have,
Bn =

1
1

(x x ) sin nx dx = 2

1
0

(x x3 ) sin nx dx,

and hence
 sin nx 
 cos nx 
 sin nx i1
h
 cos nx 
(13x2 ) 2 2 +(6x)
(6)
Bn = 2 (xx3 )
n
n
n3 3
n4 4
0
We get Bn =

12(1)n+1
. Therefore the Fourier series is
n3 3
f (x) =

X
12(1)n+1 sin nx

n=1

n3 3

.
6

(c)

More explicitly, the Fourier series is,

f (x) =

i
sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x sin 5x
12 h
.
+

sin
x

3
23
33
43
53

We may reproduce the series given on the exam paper by setting x = 1/2 . Hence,
i
12 h
1
1
1
3
= 3 1 3 + 3 3 .
8

3
5
7
Hence,
1

1
1
1
3
.
+

=
33 53 73
32

2
Total

10

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 9.
Year: 2010/11
Examiner:

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1
Date

Part

Mark

(a)

a + b = 1.
8

(b)

b . c = 3 + 8 + 2 = 13.

(c)

|a| =

(d)

2
/7
a
= 3/7 .
6/
7

(e)

|b| = 3.

(f)

Given that a . c = 0, the two vectors are at right angles

(g)

We get a . b = 8.

22 + 32 + 62 =

49 = 7.

But a . b = |a|.|b|. cos = 7 3 cos .

Hence, cos = 8/21 = 0.380952, and so the angle between the two vectors is 67.60731 or
1.17997 radians.
Total

2
8

UNIVERSITY OF BATH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Outline Solution to Examination Question
Dr D A S Rees
Unit Title: Mathematics 1
Question Number: 10.
Year: 2010/11
Examiner:

Jan 2011
Unit Code: ME10304/XX10198
Page 1 of 1
Date

Part

(a)

(b)

Mark

The equation of the line is either, r = a + (b a) or r = b + (b a). Choosing the

former gives,


1
1
r = 1 + 0 .
1
2

When r is perpendicular to the line, then it is perpendicular to b a. Hence we need

r . (b a) = 0. We get,


1
1
1
1

0 = r . (b a) = 1 . 0 + 0 . 0 = 1 + 5.
1
2
2
2
Hence = 1/5 , and at closest approach we have,
6
/5
5

r = /5 .
3/
5
Closest approach is now |r| =

(c)

(d)

70/
5

= 1.673320.

There are various possible versions of the equation for the plane; this is one of them:



1
1
2
r = a + (b a) + (c a) = 1 + 0 + 1 .
1
2
1

The unit vector which is perpendicular to the plane is parallel


1
2
 i j


0 1
(b a) (c a) =
= 1 0

2
1
2 1

The length of this vector is

to (b a) (c a). Now,

k
2

2  = 5 .

1
1

30, and therefore a unit vector is

2
1

5 .
30 1

4
Total

12