International Telecommunication Union

Basic NGN Architecture

Principles & Issues
Keith Knightson
Rapporteur Q3/13 (Architecture)
Industry Canada
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

NGN Definition
ITU-T

Next Generation Network (NGN):

a packet-based network able to provide
telecommunication services and able to make use
of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport
technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying
transport-related technologies.
It enables unfettered access for users to networks
and to competing service providers and/or
services of their choice. It supports generalized
mobility which will allow consistent and
ubiquitous provision of services to users.
ITU-T Recommendation Y.2001

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Whats Old: Vertically-Integrated

Networks
ITU-T

Pre-NGN
Video
Services
(TV, movie, etc)

Video
Services
Network

dates

Telephone
Services

Data
Services
(WWW,
e-mail, etc)

Telephone
Services
Network

Data
Services
Network

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Whats New:
Horizontally-integrated Network
ITU-T
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Telephone Services

NGN Services
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

NGN Transport
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint

ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Effects of Separation: the good, the

bad and the ugly
ITU-T

o Good:
Any service over a single IP transport network
o Bad:
Two different levels of control, authentication,
admission, charging, etc.
o Ugly:
QoS selection, QoS control, transport resource
allocation, monitoring, accounting for usage.

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Decoupling Services from Transport

Network
ITU-T
Service Management
Service
Resource AAA Billing
Instance Management

Application
Services
Wholesale

Service infrastructure

Retail
Service Management
Transport
Services

Service
Resource AAA Billing
Instance Management

Settlement

Service infrastructure
U
Subscriber

dates

A10
NAP

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

NSP/ASP

Re-distribution of service
intelligence
ITU-T

Migration of
Service Intelligence

Access
User
Domain Domain

dates

Core
Domain

Access
Domain

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

User
Domain

Basic Functional Architecture

ITU-T
Service stratum

Management Functions

Application Functions
Service
User
Profile
Functions

Service and Control

Functions

Transport
User
Profile
Functions
Customer
Functions
Access
Functions

UNI

Network
Attachment
Control Functions
Access
Access
Transport
Transport
Functions
functions

Transport Control
Functions

Edge
Functions

Media
Handling
Functions

Other
Other
networks
networks

Gateway
Functions

Core
CoreTransport
Transport
Functions
functions

NNI

Transport stratum
Control
Media

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

End-User Services in NGN R1

ITU-T

o All 3GPP IMS Services delivered to fixed line

systems
o PSTN replacement and legacy services
o IMS extensions to accommodate regulatory

requirements (emergency, disaster relief, etc.)

o QoS-enabled transport
o Secure IP network
o Mobility (continuous where available, global

requirement limited to nomadism for R1)

o Global Interconnect (other NGNs, PSTN/ISDN,

Public Internet, etc.)

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

Release 1 Service & Capabilities

ITU-T

u Service Types
l PSTN/ISDN Emulation services
l PSTN/ISDN Simulation services
l Multimedia services
l Internet access
l Other services (data services etc.)
l Public service aspects (LI, ETS/TDR, etc.)

u Service Capabilities
l Basic network capabilities
l Service support capabilities
l Open Service Environment
l Service Enablers
l PSTN/ISDN Emulation support
l Public service support capabilities

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

10

Multimedia Services
ITU-T

dates

Real-time Conversational Voice services

Instant messaging (IM)
Push to talk over NGN (PoN)
Point to Point interactive multimedia services, including interactive realtime voice, video and other media (videotelephony, whiteboarding, etc.)
Collaborative interactive communication services: support of multimedia
conferencing with file sharing and application sharing, e-learning,
gaming.
Group Messaging
Content delivery services
Push-based services
Broadcast/Multicast Services
Hosted and transit services for enterprises (IP Centrex, etc.)
Information services, such as cinema ticket information, motorway traffic
status, advanced push services, etc.
Presence and general notification services
3GPP Release 6 and 3GPP2 Release A OSA-based services
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

11

Other Services
ITU-T

Data retrieval applications, such as tele-software.

Data communication services, such as data file transfer, electronic
mailbox and web browsing
Online applications (online sales for consumers, e-commerce, online
procurement for commercials)
Sensor Network services
Remote control/tele-action services, such as home applications
control, telemetry, alarms etc.
Over-the-Network Device Management

Public Service Aspects

Lawful Intercept.
Malicious call trace
User identity presentation and privacy
Emergency Communications (ETS/TDR)
Users with disabilities
Carrier selection
Number portability

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

12

Component/subsystem viewpoints

ITU-T

Applications
Based on
3GPP IMS
IP Connectivity
Access Network
And related functionality

User
Profiles

Other Multimedia
Components
Streaming Services
(RTSP based)

IP Multimedia
Component (Core IMS )
(SIP based)

Legacy
Terminals

Customer
Networks

GW

Network Attachment
Functionality
NASS

Access Transport
Network

Resource and Admission

Control Functionality
RACS

Other Networks

PSTN / ISDN Emulation

(SIP-I based)

Core transport
Network

NGN
Terminals

3GPP IP-CAN
3GPP Terminals

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

13

Changing Environment (1)

ITU-T

dates

Original Requirements

New Requirements

E2E transparency

Packet inspection/NATs

Peer-to-peer

NATs/Firewalls/servers

Connectionless

MPLS

Best Effort

Real-time demands
Bandwidth demands

User back-off

QoS guarantee

Network empowerment

User Empowerment

No flow state

Flow state

Trust

Hackers everywhere

Static Addresses

DHCP, Mobility

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

14

Changing Environment (2)

ITU-T

dates

Original Requirements

New Requirements

Fairness

QoS (implies deliberate

unfairness)

Terminal-to-host, BE

Mass public residential

services, multi-terminal multiQoS

Flat network

Access & Core Domains

Layer Independence

Inter-layer coupling?

Simple protocol layering

Protocol maze

Research/Defense use

Commercialization,
competition, consumer choice

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

15

Next Generation Internet: Papers of Interest

ITU-T

Developing a Next Generation Internet Architecture, Bob Braden, David Clark, et

al.

Role-based Architecture, Bob Braden, Ted Faber.

A new architecture for an Internet, David Clark, Steve Bellovin, Bob Braden,
Noel Chiappa, Ted Faber. Scott Schenker, John Wroclawski, et al.

RFC 2775, Internet Transparency. Brian Carpenter.

RFC 3439, Some Internet Architectural Guidelines and Philosophy, R.Bush, D

Meyer.

IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet,
Sally Floyd, James Kempf

Making the world (of communications) a different place, Report of a working

session of the End-to-End Research Group, Version 4 3/24/05, David D. Clark,
Craig Partridge, Robert T. Braden (chair), et al.

Rethinking the design of the Internet: The end to end arguments vs. the brave new
world, Marjory S. Blumenthal & David D. Clark.

* Just a small sample

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

16

A Golden Opportunity for

Collaboration
ITU-T

o A recognition in both organizations that some

new approaches may be required?

o What kind of changes are required and/or

foreseen?

o Could/should the expertise of the ITU-T and

the IETF be jointly applied to create the

principles and architectural framework for
next generation networks?

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

17

Obtain Respective Views on

Architectural Issues such as: 1
ITU-T

o Role of Edge-based Servers:

E2E violation
Packet inspection
Admission control
o Application selectable QoS:
Lack of adequate classes
Lack of standardized protocol mappings
Explicit bandwidth selection

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

18

Obtain Respective Views on

Architectural Issues such as: 2
ITU-T

QoS in Access:

Distributed network control of/for QoS path:

Horizontal means
Vertical means
Monitoring, dynamic allocations, accounting

Network Control and Management

dates

Multiple terminals, multiple QoS

End-user Application selection of QoS
Role of Home Gateway (shaping, limiting)
Home gateway control

Protect from attack

Separation from payload paths
Inter-domain co-ordination
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

19

No conclusions, only Questions

ITU-T

o Do the ITU-T and IETF have different views on

the architecture of next generation networks?

o Can a number of differences (if any) be

identified and catalogued for study?

o Can ITU-T and IETF collaborate with a view to

eliminating or (at least minimizing) any

differences wherever possible?
dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

20

ITU-T

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

21

ITU-T

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

22

Y.2011: Basic Functional Architecture

ITU-T

Application, Middleware & Baseware services

Services
Resources

NGN
Service

NGN
Transport

Service
Management Functions

Transport
Management Functions

Service
Control Functions

Transport
Control Functions

Transfer Functional Area

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

23

Home Gateway Functionality

Desktop PC

Desktop PC

ITU-T
Network
Terminating
Unit

10/100
Base-T

Home
Routing
Gateway

Customer
Premise
Network

Set Top Box

Television
Other
Devices,
Appliances,
etc

Set Top Box

Television
.
.
.
.

IP
phone

QoS per device/terminal

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

24

Wireline Access Architecture

ITU-T
NSP 1

A10-NSP

L2TP

L2TS

A10-NSP
NSP 2

IP

BRAS

L2
Agg

User 1
DSL
Modem/RG

Access
Node

User 2

U
IP-QoS

Access Network

CPN

ASP 1
Regional Network

A10-ASP
RAN

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

25

Mobility Requirements
ITU-TDevice Mobilty Domain

User/Service
Mobilty Domain

Network

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

26

Generic Functional Architecture

(may include own Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)

A-2
Application Gateway Function

Terminal
Function

S -18
Session Control Proxy
Function

S -11
Media Resource Control Function

T-16
Transport Adaptation
Transport Resource / Policy Control Function
T-18 T. Authentication
T-11
Media
&Authorization
Resource
Function
T-20
Processing
T.Network Access
Function
T-7
T-13
Access Relay Control Function
Function T-4
Traffic
T.Network Access
T-15Transport
Measurement
Process Function
Resource &
Function
T-8
Enforcement
Mobility Support
Functions
T-6
Function
T-1
AMGF
Packet Transport Function

S -19
AGCF

S -12
MGCF

Other NGN

other IP MM
Network
(e.g. IMS)

T-12
SGF

T-3

Internet
PGF

T-9

Transport

Management

S -9
S.Authentication & Authorization Function
S -10
S -4
Registration
S -17
User Profile DB Function
Function
LS Function
S -13
S -1
PGCF
Session Control Function

Session & Call Control

Management Function

ITU-T

Network Border

Application

Application Server Function

A-1

PSTN/ISDN

TMGF

Scope of NGN
All lines of this type attach to the corresponding input line at the CCF
within session & call control

dates

Connection point

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

27

IMS Architectural Component

AS

Other IP Multimedia Networks

ITU-T

PSTN

Sh

ISC
Mm

BGCF

MGW
PSTN

CSCF
Mk

Mj

BGCF

Mn

Cx

Mw

Dh

Mi

Mg

Mb
Mb

MGCF

SLF

CSCF
Dx

MRFP

Mr

Mb
Mp

MRCF

Mb

IP Con nectiv ity Access Network

dates

HSS
(AAA+DB)

Mw

P -CSCF
Gq

Gm

UE

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

28

Fixed to Mobile convergence (1)

ITU-T
Radio Access
Network

.
.
.
.

Base
Station
Controller

Dual Mode
Handset

Core
Mobile
Network

IP Access
Network

UMA
Network
Controller

WiFi

How to integrate with fixed VoIP service?

Cross Architectural impacts?

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

29

Fixed to Mobile convergence (2)

ITU-T
Radio Access
Network

.
.
.
.

Base
Station
Controller

UMA-enabled
Dual Mode
Handset

GSM/IMS Core
Service
Architecture

Tunnelled
IMS stack

WiFi
RG

IP Access
Network

Native IP
Stack

.
.
.
.

GANC
(UMA)
Network
Controller

VoIP
SIP
Server

IP
Core
Transport

SIP
Fixed/wireless Telephone

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

30

Traffic shaping at user site

RL

EF
AF1

ITU-T
RL

AF2

ASP
Access

AF3
AF4
BE
Classifier

RL

EF

Data In

AF1
Data Out

RL

RL

AF2
AF3

PTA

AF4
BE
RL

dates

PPP Access (BE or AF)

PTA = PPP Termination Aggregation

RL = Rate Limiter
S = Scheduler
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

31

Summary of Work in SG13

Y.2001: NGN Overview

NGN Definition, Characteristics & Subject Areas

Y.2011: General Reference Model

Identify high-level paradigms
Separation of concerns, services from networks
Identify emerging NGN-generic issues
Architectural principles
OSI model relevance
G.805 relevance

Y.FRA: Functional Requirements & Architecture

Service control functions
Transport control functions
Mobility management functions
Wireless and Fixed access
IMS positioning
Multi-terminal/multi-QoS Home Gateway

ITU-T

dates

ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)

Geneva, 1-2 May 2005

32