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AE1101 Intro 2

This document appears to be a set of lecture slides for an introductory aerospace engineering course. It introduces the concept of the standard atmosphere used in aerospace, including the International Standard Atmosphere model. It discusses key elements of the ISA model such as how temperature, pressure, and density vary with altitude based on defined lapse rates and hydrostatic equations. Examples are given of how the ISA can be used to define meaningful aircraft performance and altitude references.

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HemanthKumar
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90 views

AE1101 Intro 2

This document appears to be a set of lecture slides for an introductory aerospace engineering course. It introduces the concept of the standard atmosphere used in aerospace, including the International Standard Atmosphere model. It discusses key elements of the ISA model such as how temperature, pressure, and density vary with altitude based on defined lapse rates and hydrostatic equations. Examples are given of how the ISA can be used to define meaningful aircraft performance and altitude references.

Uploaded by

HemanthKumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

Lecture slides

Challenge the future

Intro to Aerospace Engineering


AE1101ab-3-4 The Standard Atmosphere
Prof.dr.ir. Jacco Hoekstra

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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http://natrium42.com/halo/flight2/

30 km hoogte =
hoeveel %
vd atmosfeer onder je

Link to video at 30 km

(h = 30 489 m, 100 020 ft)

Tim Zamans
(student) project

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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www.hollandshoogte.nl

Joe Kittinger: jump from 100,000 ft


Jump from space ?

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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Why a standard atmosphere?

Real
atmosphere

ISA is reference atmosphere for:


- Meaningful aircraft performance specification
- Pressure altitude definition & EAS/IAS/TAS definition
- Model atmosphere for simulation & analysis
AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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International Standard Atmosphere


(ISA)

T = T0 + a (h h0 )
a = lapse rate

p = RT
dp = g dh
AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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International Standard
Atmosphere
(= ICAO Std Atm)

Use this instead of


Anderson page 112!)

Watch out when using


lapse rate a,
it is often given per km,
but you should use SIunits, so per m!

T = 288.15 K (15 C)
p0 = 101325 Pa
= 1.225 kg/m3
R = 287.05 J/kg K
g0= 9.81 m/s2
(and no water vapour)
M = 28.97 g/mol

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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What do we need to define a


standard atmosphere?
Physically correct:
Pressure increases due to gravity
Gas law

Two laws, while three variables define state:


Pressure
Temperature
Density

So by defining one state variable, we define the entire


atmosphere by applying the two laws of nature

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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Hydrostatic equation
/geopotential altitude

real g

This is the one


we normally use.
Difference is small
e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3%

geometric altitude

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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Absolute altitude &


geometric altitude
Geometric altitude: real altitude with sea level = 0
Absolute altitude: distance to centre of earth

hG
hG = ha + Rearth
Rearth = 6357 km

ha

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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Relation geopotential & geometric altitude

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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International Standard Atmosphere


As an exercise:
(ISA) Layer with T gradient
try to making an Excel sheet

with a table for steps of 100 m

AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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Layer with constant temperature T


(11 km -20 km)
Use values at 11 km as base 1 for this formulae

On exam you should be able to derive all ISA formulae!


AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering

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