AGARWAL STUDY CENTRE An ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED INSTITUTE A — 1/299, Safdarjung Fnclave. Ph: 26179083, 1 ~ XU/B034, Vasant Kunj, Ph: 26123311 T= 290, Saket, Pl: 29554321 D 29, Haws Khas. Ph; 43151288 XI PHY (AKSIR) UNIT UNIT AND MEASUREMENT ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS BASED ON: SIMPLE CONVERSION OF UNITS: QI. Determine the number of light years in one metre. JAns. 1.057 x10“ ly] Q2. What is the no, of electrons that would weigh Ika? Mass of un electron is 9.11 x 10 “kg. JAns. 1.1 510°") Q3. The radius of gold nucleus is 41.3 fermi, Express its volume in m* fAns. 2.95 x10 nr} Q4. Convert an Q5, The Young's modulus of steel is 19 < 10" Nm 7, Express it in dyn cm”, Ams, 1.9 x10" dyn em’ Q6. ‘The density of a material is O.8 g em >, Express it in ST units, JAns. 800 kg m9] Q7. How many an would make up 1 ke? [Ans. 6.024 x10" amu.) Jeration of 2km h* into em s*. [Ans. 0.0154 em s °] 8. Express the averaye distance of the earth from the sun in (i) light year and (ii) parsee. LAns. (i) 1.58 x10 ly. (ii) 4.86 « 10° parse. QY. Express | parses in terms of metres. Write its order of magnitude. JAns, 3.08 x10" m, 16] QUESTIONS BASED 01 . INDIRECT METHODS FOR LONG DISTANCES: QUO. Calculaie the angle of (a) 1° (degree) (b) 1 sccond) in cadians. Use 360° = 2m rad, 1° = 6 [Ams. (a) 1.745 107 rad, (b) 2.91 x10" rad, (c) 4.85 «10° rad] nee in km of a quaser trom which fight takes 3.0 billion years tw reach us? [Ans. 2.8410" km] equipped with a SONAR. the time delay between generation of 2 profe wave and the ‘minute of are or aremin) and (ce) L" (second of are or are QU, What is the dis Q12. Ina submarie reception of its echo after reflection from an enemy submarine is found to be 77 s. What is the distance of the enemy submarine? (Speed of sound in water ~ 1450 ms”) | Ans. 55825 m] Q13. A laser light beamed at the moon takes 2.56 s to retum afier reflection at the moon's surface. How much is the radius of the lunar erbit around the earth? TAns. 3.84 x10" my] Q14. The shadow of a tower standing on a level plane is found to be 50m longer when: sun's altitude 1s 30" than when itis 60°. Find the height of the tower, JAns. 4: QIS. The moon is observed from two diametrically opposite points A and B on the earth, Phe an subtended at the moon by the two dir ' Given the diameter of the earth to be 1.276 x 10” m, compute the distance of the moon from the earth. JAns. 3.84 <10" mJ Q16. ‘The angular diameter of the sun is 1920". H the distance of the sun from the earth is 1.5 x 10" m, un? [Ans. 14 «10? m] ctions of observation is 1” what is the Tinear diameter of t QI7. ‘The nearest star (Alpha Centauri) 10 our solar system is 4.29 light years away. How much is tis show when viewed from two distance in terms of parsee? How much parallax would this s Jocations of the earth six months apart in its orbit around the sun? [Ans. LSLS s of are] QIB, The distance of planet Venus from the sun is 0.73AU. Vind the orbital period of Venus in days [Ans. 226 days] 19, Suppose there existed a planet that went around the sun twice as fast as the earth, What vould be its orbital size us compared to that of the earth? [Ans. @.63AU] QUESTIONS BASED ON: INDIRECT METHODS FOR SMALL DISTANCEAGARWAL _ STUD) XL PHY UNIT-L_UNIT AND MEASUREMENT _P; Q20. ‘The radius of a hydrogen atom is about (.5.A. What is the total atomic volume in ny” of amole of hydrogen atoms? [Ans, 3.154 x107 me] O21. One mole of an ideal gas at $.T-P, occupies 22.4 L. What is the ratio of molar volume to th volume ofa mole of hydrogen? Why is this ratio so large? Take the radius of hydrogen molecule to [Ans. 0.89 x L0*= 104] ad into a circular film of radius 10 em on the water [Ans. 2.08 1077 em] atomic bola 22. A drop of olive oil of radius 0.25 mm s surface, Estimate the molecular size of olive oil ah a microscope of ¢ width of the hair in the field |Ans. 0.035 mm] ‘A studenis m ifleation 100, He ma of view of the microscope is 3. Q24, Ifthe size of a nucleus (= 10 *m) is scaled up to the tip ofa sharp pin (107 m), what roughly is the size of the atom? Hans, 1 m] Q25,_ The photograph of 2 howse occupies an arcu of 1.75 em* on a 35 mm slide. The slide is projected on m*, What is the linear magnification of the that the av ma, mum. What is the estimate on the thickness of hair’ to a sereen and the area of the house on the serecn is 1 projector screen arrangement? [Ans, 94.1] QUESTIONS BASED 01 MASS DENSITY: Q26. The sun isa hot plasma (ionized mutter) with its inner core al a temperature exceeding 107 K. and its outer surface at « temperature of about 6000 K. At these high temperatures no substance remains in a solid or liquid phase. In what range de you expect the mass density of the sun to be? In the range of densities of solids and liquids or gases?” Check if your guess is correct from the following data: mass ofthe sun = 2.0 10" ke. radius of the sun ~ 3.0 10% m. [Ans, 1391.8 kg m5] adius to be about 2.5 A. Compare it Estimate the average density of'a sodium atom assuming its with the density of sodium in erystalline phase: 970 ke m’, Ace the two densities of the same order of magnitude? [f'so, why? [Ans.0.58 x10° kem™, 0.970 x10" kg m7] Q28, Consider a while dwarf and a neutron siar each of one solar mass, The radius of the white dwarf is same as that of the earth (= 6400 km) and the radius of the neutron star is 10 km. Determine the densities of the two types of the stars. Take mass of the sun = 2.0 x 10°" kg, JAns. 1.822 x10” kg m*, 4.77 x10" kg m 3] Assume that the mass of a nucteus is given by M— Am, where A in the ass number and cadius of a oucteus r= yA", where to = 1. 1.67 = 1077 ky TION: REM Q30. The ave of an Indian. if the heart beats once in 0.85. {Ans. 2.2 x10” times Q3I._ {tis claimed that ovo cesium clocks. i? allawed Lo run for 100 years, free from any disturbance. may differ by only about 0.02 s. What does this imply for the accuracy of the standzrd cesium clock in imate the density of nuclear matter in kg m™. Given my [Ans. 2.3 00!7 kgm 3] ce life of an Indian is 56 yeurs. Find the number of Limes the human heart beats in the life measuring a time-interval of Ts? [Ans, Is in 10" 5} Q32._ Age of the universe is about 10" years whereas the mankind has existed for 10° years. For how many seconds would the man have existed if'age of universe were | day? [Ans. 8.64 s] QUESTIONS BASED ¢ RSION OF UNITS FROM ONE SYSTEM 10 ANO’ Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units:XT_PHY _UNIT-_UNIT AND MEASUREMENT Pe— Oat. Q46. AGARWAL STUDY CENTRE. (i) Tkem’s*=_ pem™ JAns. 10° gem? 57] Gi) Im «light year [Ans. 1.053 x 10°" light year] we konb * [Ans, 3.888 « 10° kmh] (iv) G=667x 10" Nm? om’ s? gt JAns. 6.67 x to ems 9") The value G in CG (iii) 3 ns system is 6.67 x 10 dyne en” g *, Calculate the value in SI units, JAns. 6.67 x 10" Nav ky base units. |Ams.2.16 x 05] Accalorie is a unit of heat energy and it equals about 4.2 J. where 1.) = ky ms Find the value of 60 J per min on z system that has 100g, 10em & Lain as th Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass equals «kg. the unit of length equal fb m, the unit of time a magnitude 4.2 oc! *y* in terms of the new units. [Ans. 4.2 a" 8? | In CGS system, the value of Stefan’s constant is ¢ = is 7s. Show thot a calorie h 5.67 x 10 erg st em * K* Kind its value in $1 units, Given | J= 10? ere lAns. 5.67 x 10° Js! im 7 KA) A new unit of length is chosen such that the speed of light in vacuum is unity. What is the distance between the sun and the earth in terms of the new unit if light takes 8 min and 20 s to cover this distance? [Ans. 500 new units of length} {P the unit of foree is 1 KN, unit of length Ikm and the unit of time is 100 s, what will be the unit of mass’ JAns. 10° kg] When I'm, | kgand | minare taken as the iundamental units. the magnitude of the force is 36 units, What will be the value of this force in CGS system? [Ans. 10 dyn NESS OF PHYSICAL The distance x travelled by a hody in time t whieh from the position xy with initial velocity vy and has uniform aeceleration a. vet dat’, Check the dimensionally 5 given by x consistency of this equation fAns. Correct] js 1 4 Check whether the following equation is dimensionally correct. my? = mgh [Ans, Correct] Check tie correciness of the equation, 1 mu® where F is the force acting on a body of mass m & S is the distance moved by the body when its velocity changes from tov. [Ans. Correct} Check the correctness of the relation t~ la, where + is the torgue on 2 body. | is the moment af inertia and is angular acceleration. Ans. Correet] Check the dimensional consistency of the following equations: yh ~ (i) de-Broglie wavelength, 2.= JAns, Correct] my (ii) Escape velocity x IAns. Correct] equations are correct: G) T- 2m} [Ans. Correct] 2 where v = velocity of sound, P ~ pressure and p= density of medium [Ans. Correet] where v = frequency of vibration. | ~ length of the string. T — tension in the string FV i IAns. Correct} and m ~ mass per unit length,Qas. Q49. 55. Qs8. XL_PHY UNIT UNIT AND MEASUREMENT Pg-4 AGARWAL STUDY C «met 5 press: By the method of dimensions test the accuraey of the equation 87“. where & is the depression produced in the middle of a bar of length /, breadth b and depth d, when it is loaded in the middle “5 modulus of the material of the bar. [Ans, Correet] with mass m. Y is the Youn Find the dimensions of a/b in the equation ' sav + hU -where P is foree. x is distance and tis time. jAns. ML“? T?, MLT L'? Ty] Find the dimensions of a x b in the relation P = where P is power, x is distance and Lis time, at JAns, M'L? T?) The Vander Wall's equation for « gas i po (V~P)=RT- Determine the dimensions of a and b. Hence write the SI units of a and b. [Ans. MEAT espectively. Obtain the In the equation ya sinfot- kx), Land x stand for time and dis , 1 dimensional formula for @ and &. fans. TL A book with many printing errors contains four different formulae for the displacement y of a particle undergo ny a certain periodic motion: ( y sine (Ans, Correet] (i) y-asint [Ans. Correet] Gi) yf 2) sint [Ans. Correet] \T a Vf 2mt tiv) y sin beos [Ans. Correet| y T I i The distance covered by a particle in time t is given by x =a + bt + et” + dl*: find the dimensions of a.b,cand d. fans. L, LT, LT? LTO} ‘adient (P/1) is The rate of flow (V) of a liquid flowin hrough a pipe of radius r and a pre . Pr! ‘ aiven by Pofseule’s equation: V => Cheek the dimensional consistency of this equation 8 n [Ans. Correet] : fol »__2seos0) Test if the following equation is dimensionally correct: fy where h~ height. § = surface TPE tension, density, r= radius and g ~ acceleration due to gravity 1Ans. Correet] ee where Tis the time period 3Vq Pind the dimension of the quant 4 from the expression: T of a bar of length /, mass m and Youngs modulus Y [Ans. L] An artificial satellite of mass m is revolving in a circular orbit around a plane of M and radius R. If the radius of the orbit of the satellite be r. justify by the method of dimensions that the lime period of an fr ihe satellite is given by 1 =7% | ven by T= Find the dimensions of (a x b) in the equation; Li = 27% where Fis energy, x is distance and t is at time. : [Ans. M'1? 7]ASUREMENT Pg—5 AGARWAL STUDY CENTRE [xa PHY _UNIT-I_UNTFANDM . - f ant Find the dimension of (a/b) i the equation: P =“, where P is pressure. x is distance and tis time x QUESTIONS BASED ON: DERIVING RELATIONSI Q60. Consider a simple pendulum, having a bob attached to a string, that oscillates uncer the action of the force of ravity. Suppose that the period of oseillstion of the simple pendulum depends on (i) mass of the bab (ii) length / of the pendulum and (iii) 3 celeration duc to gravity g at the plane, Derive the : , [r expression for its time period using method of dimensions, [Ans. T=2n |] Q61. The velocity °v" of water waves depends on the wavelength “2”, density of water ‘p* and the acceleration due to gravity “g". Deduce by the method of dimensions the relationship between these quantities, [Ans. Ks Q62. Assuming that the mass M of the largest stone that can be moved by a flowing river depends upon the velocity. “p” the density of water and on “g’ the acceleration due to gravity. Show that M varies with the sixth power of the velocity of flow, [Ans. M = Ky" p' g 4] Q63.__‘The velocity of sound waves *v’ through a medium may be assumed to depend on ia) Deduce by the method of dimensions the formula for the velocity of sound. Take dimensional he density of the medium *d° and (ii) The modulus of elasticity “E° constant K = | [Ans. Q64. The frequency *v" of vibration of a stretched string depends upon: 4i) Its height /, (i) Its mass per unit Length ‘un’ and (ii) The tension T in the string, Obiain dimensionally an expression for frequency v [Ans. v = Q65. A planet moves around the sun in nearly eireular orbit. lis period of revolution (i) Radius *¥” of orbit (ii) Mass "MP" of the sun & (ii) the gravitational constant G Show dimensionally that T or tans, T= Sy MG Q66. Reynold number Ny (a dimensionless quantity) determines the condition of laminar flow of a viseous liquid through @ pipe, Nx is funtion of the density of the liquid *p’, its average speed ‘v" und coellicient of viscosity “n'. Given that Ny is also directly proportional to “D" (the diameter of the depends upon px - 2s that No.2? the unit of y in SI system is ky m pipe), show from dimensional considerati q ans, KX? | a Q67. Derive by the methed of dimensions. en expression for the volume of a liquid flowing out per second, through a narrow pipe. Assume that the rate of Now of liquid depends on: (i) The coefficient of viscosity “17 of the liquid (ji) The radius *r’ of the pipe andl (iii) The pressure gradient | 2 [ jane we ove me the pipe, Take K =F Tans. v= 68. The period of vibration ofa tuning fork depends on the length £ of its prong, density d and You modulus Y of its material. Deduce an expression for the period of vibration on the basis ofPg26 AGARWAL STUDY CENTRE - fa iy! Vy cy v ofan oscillating drop may depend upon radius r of the drop. density p of the liquid UNIT AND MEASURE [xr PHY —U [Ans. KL dimensions, Q69. The frequer { ‘and surlitce tension § of the liquid, Establish an expression for v dimensionally tans Kes 1 Q70. The escape velocity v of a body depends upon (i) the acceleration due to gravity of the planet and (ii) ER. [Ans KER | the radius of the planct R. Fstadlish dimensionally the relationship between vs g ind electron depends on its mass m, its velocity v2 QT, The wavelength 7 associated with a movin soft Planck’s constant ht. Prove dimensionally that %.c.— mm Q72. Obtain an expression (or the centripetal forve P acting on a particle of mass m moving with velocity v in aeirele of radius r. ‘Lake dimensionless constant K = 1 [Ans, P=" r Q73. State the number of significant figures on the following: (i) 0.007 m* (ii) 2.64% 10 ke (iii) 0.2370 gem * tiv) 6.3205 () 6.032 N mv? (vi) 0.0006032 m? (vii) 2.000 m (viii) 5100 ke (ix) 0.050 em Ans. (i) One: 7 (i) Phree: 2.6.4 (iii) Four: 2. 3. 7.0 (iv) Four : 6,3, 2.0 (¥) Four: 6.0.3.2 (vi) Four 6, 0.3, 2 (vii) Four: 2, 0. 0. 0 (viii) Four = 5, 1. 0.0 Gix) Two : 5.0 Q74. Round off the following numbers as indicated: (i) 18.35 upto 3 digits Gi) 143.45 upto d digits, (iii) 18967 upto 3 digits (iv) 12.653 upio 3 divits () 248337 upto 3 di (vi) 321.135 upto 5 digits (vii) LOLS x 10% upio 4 digit (viii) 31.325 x 10 * upto 4 digits Ans. (i) [84 Gi 143.4 Gi’) 19000 (ivy 127 (vp 248000 (vi) 321.14 (vit) 101.6 x 10° (viii) 31.32 10 O75. Add 7.21. 12.141 & 0,0028 & express the result to an appropriate no. of significant figs. [Ans.19.35] QM. Subtract 4.27153 from 6.807 & express the result t0 an appropriate no, of significant fiys. [Ans. 2. Q77. Subtract 2.5 = 10 from 4.0 x 10 with due regard (0 signitieant figures. JAns. 4.0 10 4] Q78. Solve the following and express the resull to an appropriate number of significant figures: 33g and 17.456 ¢ (ii) Subtract 63.54 kg from 187.2 kg iy T2478 458.2 yy 25E SNOT «18110 [Ans. (i) 28.0 g (ii) 123.7 kg (iii) 4800 (iv) 0.115 (v) 10.2 x 103) 0.4463 Q79. Each side af a cube is ne: cube to appropriate signif Q80. Phe length. breadth and thickness of a ree ured to be 7.203 m. What are the total surface area and the volume of the ures? [Ans.373.7 m5} angular sheet of metal are 4.234 m, 1.005 mand 2.01 em, respect. Crive the area & volume of the sheet to correct significant figures. [Ans, 8.72 m’, 0.0855 ne] QS1, The radius ola sphere is 1.41 em. Express its volume to an appropriate number of significant figures. [Ans 11.7 em] Q82. The length & the radius ofa cylinder measured with slide callipers are found te be 4.54em & 1.75em sespectively. Calculate the volume of the ey linder [Ans, 43.7 em?) s Ry ~ 100 + 3Q and Ry — 200 4 4O are connceied in series. What is their equivalent [Ans. (300 £ 7)22| cant fi Q83.84. Q85. Q86. 987. 88. 89. 90. a1. Qy2. Q93. Q94. Q95. Q96. Q97. Q98. Q99. Q100. Qi. Q102. Q103. Qi. [Xt PHY UNIT-T UNIT AND MEASUREMENT Pg—7 AGARWAL STUD CENTRE | What is the sum of their Two di = 0.5)g and (17.6 + 0.3)g masses? [Ans. (41.3 + 0.8)g] The initial and final temperatures of a water bath are (18 + 0.5) °C and (40 0.3) °C. What is the rise rent masses are determined as (23 i temperature of the bath’? [Ams (22 4 0.8) °C] Vv The resistance R= —. wh ; eV = 100.£SV & 1 1040.2. Find the % error in R. [Ans. 7%] If the errors involved in the measurement of a side and mass of'a cube are 3% and 4% respectively, what is the maxinuim permissible error in the density of the material? [Ans. 13%] The error in the measurement of radius of a sphere is 2%, What would be the error in the volume of the sphere? [Ans. 6%] The percentage errors in the measurement of mass and speed are 2% and 3% respectively. How rnouch sill be the maximum error in the estimate of kinetic energy obtained by measuring mass and speed? TAns. (Lig, Measured value of L is 20.0. em The period of oscillation of a sample pendulum is f= 2 known to | mm accuracy and time for 100 oscillations of the pendulum is found to be 99 s using a wrist watch of | 5 resolution. What is the accuracy in the determination of g? A physical quantity P is related to four observations: a, b.¢ and das follows: P~a‘b’ per respectively. What is the percentage ertor in the quantity P? Ifthe value of P calculated using the above relation tums out to entage errors of measurement ina, b, ¢ and d are 1%, 3%, 4% and 2% be 3.763. to what value should you round off the result? [Ans, 13%] For the estimation of Young's modulus ¥ for the specimen of a wire. following observations were recorded: 1.~ 2.890, M = 3.00, d= 0.082, g~ 9.81, 7 - 0.087. Calculate the maximum percentage error in the value of ¥ and mention which physical quantity causes maximum error [Ans, 3.95%| mice ¢ of a thin wire of radius rem, resistance R.Q and length |. cm is given by The specific res aR a etror in 6. 26 + 0.02 em. R= 3241 and L. ~ 78 £0.01 em, find the percent o [Ans. 18%] + (1.5) Q and Ro = (16 * 0.5) are connected (f) in series and if tvo resistor of resistances Ry = ¢ (ii) in parallel; find the equivalent resistance in each case with limits of percentage error [Ans. 20 & + 5%, 3,2 Q + 20.625 Two resistors of resistance Ry = 100+ 3 ohm and Ry =200 + 4 ohm are connected (a) in series. (b) in parallel, Find the equivalent resistance of the (a) series combination (b) parallel combination. Use AAR ARS Ans. 66.74 18.0] Ro Ry ? If'n0, name 3 physical quantities which are dimensionless for (a) the selation R ~Ry + Ry and for (b) eal quantities have dimen: Do all ply If-slap’ times speed equals power. what will be the dimensional equation for “slap”? i Name to physical quantities having the dimensions [MI Write three physical quantities having dimensions [MIT in different system of units? Can a quantity have different dimensios Can a quantity have units but still be dimensionless? Can there be # physical quantity that has no units ane! no dimensions? Low ean we estimate the mass ofan elephant? How can we estimate the number of air molecules ina classroom?