SH CMF Acronsia Basic Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual Module - Maintenance Practices Module 7 Maintenance Practices 7.6 Engineering Drawings For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015Basic Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual Module 7 - Maintenance Practices 7.6 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS Drawing, 35 we us it, @ method of conveying ideas concerning the construction or assembly of objects. Tis is done with the help of lines, notes, abbreviations and symbols ts very important that the aviation mechanic who isto make or assemble the abject undertandthe meaning of the diferent nes, notes abbreviations and symbol that are used in a drawing Computers were used nat only to create drawings, but they were being used to show items in “vitwal realy,” fom any possible viewing angle. Further development saw computer sohware programs with the capablity of assembling separately created parts to check for proper ft and possible intererences. ‘Additional, with neal instantaneous information sharing capability through computer networking and the Internet, it became much easier for designers to ‘hare thie work with ther designers and manufacturers vtualy anime, anywhere inthe world Using new computer contrlled manufacturing techniques, literally became possible to design a part and have it precisely manufactured without ever having it shown on pape. New terms and acronyms became ‘commonplace. The more common ofthese erms are * Computer Graphics— drawing withthe use ofa computer, * Computer Aided Design Drating (CAD) —where a computers used in the design and drafting process, + Compute Aided Design CAD) —where acomputerisused inthe design of product, + Compute Aided Manufacturing (CAM) —where a computeris used the manufacturing ofa product and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)—where a computers used inthe engineering ofa product. PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF AIRCRAFT DRAWINGS Drawings and print are the lnk between the engineers who design an aircraft andthe workers who bul, maintain, and repairt A print may bea copy of ‘working crawing fran aircraft part or group of pats, or fora design of system or group of systems. They are made by pacing a tracing ofthe drawing over a ‘Sheet of chemically treated paper and exposing ttoa strong light fora short period of time. When the exposed pape is developed, t turns blue wha the light has penetrated the transparent tracing, The inked lines of the tracing, having blocked out the ight, show as white lines ona blue background. Other types of sensitized paper have been developed: pints may havea white background with coloral ines or colored background with whit lines. Drawings created using computers may be viewed a they appear onthe computer monitor, o they may be printed ut in “hardcopy” by use ofan inkjet oF laser printer. Larger drawings may be printed by useafaploteror large format printer. Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 2Basic Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual Module 7 - Maintenance Practices (Care and Use of Drawings Drawings are both expensive and valuable; consequently, they should be handled carefully. Open drawings slowly and carefully to prevent tearing the paper. ‘hen the drawing is open smooth out thefldines instead of bending them backward To protec drawings from damage, never spread them onthe flor or lay them on a surface covered with tools or ether object that may make holes in the paper. Hands shuld be fee of grease, rather unclean matter that can sol or smudge the print. Never make notes or marks ona print as they may confuse other persons and lead to incorrect work. Only authorized persons ake permited to make notes or changes on pins, and they must sign and date any changes they make. \Wihen ished with a drawing, fold and return it to ts proper place, Prins are folded originally ina proper size fr fling, and care shouldbe taken so thatthe ‘original folds are always used ‘TYPE OF DRAWINGS Drawings must give such information as size and shape of the object and ll ofits parts, specications fr materia o be used, how the material isto be finished, how the pats are tobe assembled, and anyother information essential to making and assembling the parce object, Drawings may be divided into three classes: (1) detail 2) assembly, and (3) installation [Figure 0849] Detail Drawing ‘Adetall drawing sa description ofa single pat, describing by ines, notes, and symbols the specifications for size, shape, material, and methods of manufacture tobe used in making the par. Detail drawings are usualy rather simple and, when single parts are smal, several detall drawings may be shown on the same sheet or pint. (See detail drawing atthe LEFT of Figure 0849, Assembly Drawing -An assembly drawing ia description ofan object made up of two or more parts. Examine the assembly drawing inthe center of Figure 0849. It describes the ‘object by stating, ina general way size and shape, fs primary purpose isto show the relationship ofthe various pars, An asvembiy draing is usually more complex than a detail drawing, andis often accompanied by detal drawings of various pas. Installation Drawing {An installation drawing is one which includes all necessary information fora part or an assembly in the final installed poston in the aircraft. shows the dimensions necessary forthe location of speci pats with relation tothe other pars and reference dimensions that are Repl in later workin the shop. (See instalation drawing atthe RGHT of Figure 0849) Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 3SGM Fheroasia Basic AircraftMaintenance Training Manual a Module - Maintenance Practices vive —it 5 Figure 0849, Types of rawings. wae Sectional View Drawings -Asection or sectional view is obtained by cuting away part of an object to show the shape and construction atthe cuting plane. The pat or pats cutaway are ‘how by the use of section crosshatching) nes. Types of sections are describedinthe following paragraphs. Fallston Af section view is used when the interior constuction or hidden features ofan object cannot be shovtn cleat by exterior views, For example, Figure 08-5, 3 sectional view ofa coal cable connector, shows the intemal constuction ofthe connector Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 4Basic Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual Module 7 - Maintenance Practices alt Section In aha section, the cutting plane extends only hafvay across the object, leaving the ater half ofthe object a an exterior view. Half sections are used to advantage with symmetrical object to show both the interior and exterior. Figure 08-51 is @ haf sectional view of a quick disconnect used in arate uid systers. evolved Section ‘A revolved section drawn directly on the exterior view shows the shape ofthe cross section ofa part, such asthe spoke of awheel. An example ofa revolved ‘ection shown in Figure 08°52, Ss CA Figure 0850, Sectional view of cable connector. Figure 0851, Half section, Removed Section ‘A removed section illustrates particular pars of an object. is drawn like revolved sections except it placed atone side and, to bring out pertinent detalls, ‘often drawn to larger sale than the view on which tis indicated Figure 08-53 isan istration of removed sections. Section VA shows the cross-sectional ‘Shape ofthe object at cuting plane line AA Section B shows the crosssectional shape at cuting planeline BB. ‘These sectional views are drawn to the same scale as the principal vew. Note that they are often drawn toa larger scale tobring out pertinent deta. Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 5SGM Freronsia Basic AircraftMaintenance Training Manual enn Module - Maintenance Practices Figure 0852, Revolved sections. Figure 0853, Removed sections. Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 6GF reroasia Basic AircraftMaintenance Training Manual an Module 7 ~ Maintenance Practices ‘TL BLocks Every print must have some means of identification. This s provided by ate block [Figure 0854) The tile block consists ofa drawing number and certain other data conceming the drawing andthe object represents. Thisinformaton is grouped in a prominent place on the print, sual inthe lower righthand comer, ‘Sometimes the title block sin the form of a strip extending almost the entire distance across the bottom ofthe sheet. ‘Although te blocks donot follow astandard form insofar as layout is concerned, all of them present essential the fllowing information: A drawing numberto identity the print for ling purposes and to prevent confusing it with any other print. Thename ofthe par or assembly. ‘The scale to which is drawn, Thedate ‘The name ofthe fim. 66. Thename ofthe dafsmen, the checker and the person approving the drawing Drawing or Print Numbers All print are identified by number, which appears in a number block inthe lower right handcorer ofthe tle block. may also be shown in other places— ‘suchas near the top border ine, in the upper righthand comer, or onthe reverse side ofthe pin at both ends—so thatthe number will show when the pints folded or rolled. The purpose ofthe number i quick identification ofa pit. Fa print has more than one sheet and each sheet has the same number, this information is incuded in the number block, indicating the sheet number and the number of sheets inthe series. Reference and Dat Numbers Reference numbers that appear inthe ttle block refer you tothe numbers of ether prints. When more than one detalis shown on a drawing, dash numbers are used, oth parts would have the same drawing number pus an individual number, such as 402671 and 40267-21n addition to appearing inthe te block, dash numbers may appear onthe face ofthe drawing nearthe parts they identify. Dash numbers are also used to identify righthand and lefehand pat. In aircraft, many parts onthe let side are lik the corresponding pars onthe right side but in reverse. Te lefthand par is always shown in the drawing. The righthand par is called for the ttl block: Above the title block anottion is found such a: 470204-1LH shown; 470204-2RH opposite. oth pars cary the same number, but the part called fri distinguished by a dash number. Some prints have odd numbers for lfthand pars and even numbers for righthand pars. Manual No F0011 For Taning Purpose Only fa. 0:hog 192015 ‘Aerame Powerplant 7Lewis AVIATION ‘OASSAULTAMATION Fu Promsae ia at ones * GALLEY INSTALLATION "or? 6384-521 Figure 0854, Title block, a [ei [macretese Ten es [2 | aooeo soorena wounTnGFOMTS wane © [182 [Aone acess NEL NOUIRHED fae] me Figure 0855, Revision bck, Basic Aircraft Maintenance Training Manual Module - Maintenance Practices Revision Block Revisions to a drawing are necessitated by changes in dimensions, design, or materials. The changes are usually sted in ruled columns ether adjacent tothe ttl block or atone comer ‘of the drawing. Al changes to approved drawings must be