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PEARSON es Course Mm PHYSICS 2 Mechanics IT S. C. PandeyProduction Editor: Nitkiran Bedi Composition: Tantla Composition Services, Chandigarh The aim of this publication is to supply information taken from sources believed to be valid ané reliable. This is not an attempt to render any type of professional advice or analysis, nor is it to be treated as such, While much care has been taken to ensure the veracity and currency of the information presented within, neither the publisher nor its authors bear any responsibility for any damage arising from inadvertent omissions, negligence or inaccuracies (typographical or factual) that may have found their way into this book. Copyright © 2010 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book. ISBN: 978-81-317-3444-5 987654321 Published Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt, Ltd., licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. Head Office: 7th Floor Knowledge Boulevard, A-8(A) Sector 62, Noida 201 309, India, Registered Office: 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India. Printed in India by Batra Art Pressapter3_ Elasticity _Hiydrostaties and Hydro Telif hakks olan materyalTelif hakk olan mater yalPreface For a science student, physics is the most important subject as it requires logical rea- soning and high imagination. Without improving the level of physics, itis difficult to achieve a goal with the kind of competition that exists today. This five part volume | covers all parts of general physics—Mechanics, Heat, Wave, Light, Electromagnet- ism and Modern Physics—which is written in accordance with the latest syllabus of the IIT-JEE and AIEEE. There is no single book that is available in the market that contains a large amount of solved examples. SALIENT FEATURES Entire syllabus is covered in five volumes. Content of each chapter is well defined and builds new concepts from the scratch, Each chapter describes the theory in a simple and lucid style. Covers a wide spectrum of questions to enable the student to develop enough expertise to tackle any problem. Helps students in building analytical and quantitative skills, which, in tum, de- velop confidence in problem solving. Practice exercises are given at the end of each chapter. = Numerous diagrams in every chapter. After studying the entire chapter, students will be able to learn different tricks and techniques of problem solving with suitable level of analytical ability. ‘Suggestions for improving the book are always welcome. All the best! S.C. PANDEYTelif hakka olan mater yal|] CHAPTER Rotational Dynamics | 1.1 KINEMATICS OF A RIGID BODY 3 Rigid Body A body of finite shape is said to be rigid, if it does not suffer any deformation under the increase of the external force or torque. In the given figure, if | and2 are points on the body, then for the body to be rigid. \7,|= Constant [ample A sheet of plywood is in motion on a horizontal floor such that the velocity of two points I and 2 are v, and v, respectively, as shown in the figure, then (a) ¥, cos 8, > », cos 0, (b) ¥, cos 8, =», cos 6, (©) ¥, c0s 8, > v, cos 0, Ans. v, cos 0, = v,cos 0, Translational motion of a rigid body Consider a rigid body in motion. Ata certain instant of time, the position vectors ofany ‘two points say | and 2 are q and 5 respectively with respect to ground from (x, y; z). From triangle law of vector addition, 7 = 7,+ 7,1.2 __ Rotational Dynamics Differentiating with respect to time, we get Wavy OX Fy ‘Again differentiating with respect to time, we get > 2 don 2S 4,2 4,4 Pans Oxy, =a,4ax7,+0x{ 0x7} i) If point 2 becomes the centre of rotation, then = Radius of the circle and 7, Lo Then, Gx{o~h}-0*(~m) Hence, from equation (ii), we have = ay axe (a) where, a = angular accelerationRotational Dynamics 13 | @ is in the z direction. ais otsh2 obs Hon, -«(2) 1.2 TRANSLATIONAL MOTION In this motion, 7, = Constant Linear motion x fCCorrrd = (i) All the kinematic terms of the centre of mass of rigid body represent its tans- lational motion only. (ii) From the point of view of kinematies, JF, =a, can be written for the trans- ational of the rigid body.1.4 _ Rotational Dynamics So, for the linear motion of the body And similarly for curvilinear motion DE = ma) and YF(n)=ma,(n) (iii) In (ii), the first term of the right hand side arrange due to pure translational with point 2 and second term arises due to pure rotation of 1 about point 2. (iv) If point 2 becomes the centre of mass (C.M.) of the rigid body, we can under- stand the general motion or plane motion of rigid body as translational with centre of mass and rotation about centre of mass. A plywood moves on a horizontal plane as shown in the figure, find the velocity of. ®& Solution Velocity of the point C is v because motion of the plywood is translational. Rotation of a rigid body about a point If F, = constant and zero.Rotational Dynamics 15 In the Fig. (a), the direction of © changes with time or the line joining 1 and 2 forms a cone during its rotation. Such type of rotation is fixed point rotation (but not the fixed axis rotation). In Fig. (b), sense of « vector is directed along a fixed line, Hence, the fixed point rotation about the point 2 is also the fixed axis rotation, which passes from the point 2 and perpendicular the plane of disc. In the sense of «) in Fig. (b), the point 2 is also the centre of circle which the position 1 inscribed. ‘The Fig. (c) also represents the fixed point rotation as well as the fixed axis rotation but the point 2 is not the centre of the circle which the particle inscribed. (b) o Note: (i) The sense of o is also the direction of axis of rotation,1.6 Rotational Dynamics (ii) In all the three figures, centre of the circle inscribed by all the particles lie on. a line know as axis of rotation. In Fig. (b) all the circle are concentric. (iii) Perpendicular from the point on the axis of rotation is its radius. (iv) @ is same for all the points of rigid body in pure rotation. (v) @ is independent of axis of rotation. (vi) As @ (or d8) and ot is same for all the points of a rigid body in pure rota- tion, then it could define the angular kinematical term at any point of a rigid body. Therefore, all the formule of angular kinematics is equally hold for the rigid body. 2 4, = ax Fy, +O" (72) It is similar to the angular motion in circular motion chapter. a, =a,+4, If jy constant and equal to r, then a= a dt 4, =raand a,=0'r ané following equations are applicable o~0,+a4 e=o+tar 2 r= 200 A flywheel of radius 30 em starts from rest and accelerates with constant acceleration of 0.5 rad/sec?. Compute the tangential radial and resultant accel- eration of a point on its circumference, (i) initially at @ = 0°; and Gi) after it has made one third of a revolution. ‘= Solution (i) Initially, @ = 0, so o, =0 Given, a =0.5 rad/sec?, R Radial acceleration 30 m @R=0 ‘Tangential acceleration = a, =Ra = (0.3)(0.5 Net acceleration, a, = V(a)’ + (@,)° =J0+C15¢ = 0.15 misec* 0.15 m/sec?Rotational Dynamics 1.7 is an i) After, 0= 120° (=) o} =o} +208 =0+205(2]=28 rad/sec. =2% 0.322 rad/sec? 3 5 Ra = (0.3) (0.5) = 0.15 m/sec? 44, = ¥(a,)° + (4) = 0.646 misec* 1.3_ PLANE MOTION It isa kind of general motion in which the motion of rigid body is confined in a plane motion say X-Y plane and Z co-ordinate of all the points is constant. The plane mo- tion can be regarded as sum of the translational and rotational motion for simplicity. Plane Circulation + Rotational motion with C.M, Example, Motion of slipping stick along of the comer of plane motion.1.8 _ Rotational Dynamics (0-0 Vy = Vt OX Ny Here ol sin @ sind Again of cos 0=v, vy =u, cot Similarly, Vy EV tOXNy Example The end A of the rod AB is being pulled on the floor with a constant velocity », as shown. Taking the length of the rod as /, calculate: (a) The velocity of end B; (b) The angular velocity of the rod; and (c) The velocity of centre of mass of the rod at the instant when 9 = 37°.;-— Rotational Dynamics 1.9 | 2 Solution (a) ofsin 0) ii) ol cos 9 v, cot 0 =v, cot 37° =—y, 4 (downward) (b) From equation (ii), My Tsind 73 5 (c) Velocity of centre of mass1 1.10 Rotational Dynamics | " 1.4 INSTANTANEOUS CENTRE OF ROTATION OF ZERO VELOCITY The velocity of a point of a rigid body ina plane motion can be visualized or imag- ine in pure rotation. The point about which the plane motion can be imagined pure rotation is known as instantaneous centre of rotation. The centre of rotation miay lie outside the rigid body. Let us denote the centre of rotation by 2. Velocity of any point of the rigid body in plane motion can be written as dur {ie2] Equation (i) indicates that the point 2 is perpendicular to any point of rigid body at the instant. It'is also clear from equation (i) that when the direction of atleast two points of rigid body is same as o then the instantaneous centre of rotation is perpendicular to the velocity vector.WW =oxr, ¥, =f cos @ v, =o sin 6 The line passing through the point 2 calling to @ is known as instantaneous axis of rotation: Examp! A rotating disc moves in positive direction of x-axis. Find the equation y (x) describing the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation, if at the initial mo- ment, the axis C of the disc was located at the point O after which is moved.1.12 __ Rotational Dynamics (@ With a constant velocity », while the dise started rotating counterclock- wise with a constant angular acceleration a (the initial angular velocity is equal to zero). (ii) With a constant acceleration a (and the zero initial velocity) while the dise rotates counter-clockwise with a constant angular velocity «. = Solution @) o=a,tar Velocity of centre of mass or or v=a.ty But x=vtRotational Dynamics 1.13 1.5 ROLLING MOTION Rolling motion can be considered as combination of rational and translational mo- tion. For the analysis of rolling motion, we deal translation seperately and rotation separately and then we combine the result to analyse the overall motion. Consider a uniform disc rolling on a horizontal surface. Velocity of its center of mass is v and its angular speed is « as shown: A, B and Care three points on the disc. Due to the translational motion each point A,B and C will move with center of mass have tangential velocity w R, R is readius of disc, When the two motions are combined, resultant velocities of different points are given by —— oR V,=V+0R ° v V,=VF FoR? v =V- R V.=V-oR wR oR Similarly, if disc rolls with angular acceleration a and if its center of mass has an acceleration ‘a’ different points will have accelerations given by: a,=at+aR n= Vatu: a,=a-aR To write equations of motion for rolling motion, we can apply F,, = Ma, for trans- lation motion and + ~ ‘es about axis passing through centre of mass of body. Rolling motion is possible in two ways—rolling without slipping, while in case of rolling with slipping, relative motion takes place between contact points. In the example, if rolling is without slipping we will have V,=03V=oR and, a.=0> a=aR One more important distinction between these two kinds of rolling motion is in case of rolling with slipping the frictional force is a known force of magnitude tN, while in case of rolling without slipping ‘frictional force will be unknown force may take any value between zero and WN.Rotational Dynamics Similarly, Vy = VFO X Igo = Me Fsacayxr(i) BVp i+ r(-7) Hei tM (-i) So, v,=v2%= V2 at oF of >) 3 > (i) =a 0° he) +0 xr saul e)eBC4) where ivoc is the unit vector along 7 4, =“ =“ ands directed towards the centre of ball Now, a, nace ie ae X The j)ro(-R)erj =(a+0R)i+>(-) 1s |1.18 Rotational Dynamics _ AS @! L a, from equations (i) and (ii), we have rea o= (aro =/(52-) +2) v Reosa = 2.3 rad/sec. (ii) Vector of angular acceleration 322d). dt dt (1 «= consane) The vector ©, which rotates about the OO' axis with the angular velocity retains its magnitude. This increment in the time interval dt is equal to de,|= 0, . 0 dt or in vector form dio, = (' x «,) dt Thus, a= a xo, ‘The magnitude of the vector a is equal to a= 0' ©, (a5 0 L0,) YF v Reota R = 2.3 rad/sec’ Find the velocity of centre of the body which rolls without slipping on a horizontal floor in terms of v, r and R. @@ Solution Y= OX hoy v=6(-F R97 or R- e=Bxm=0f-F) a7 R-r Note: PP’ =R d= ds d0_ds dt dt Ro=v Ra=a In the figure shown, a block of mass m and given the velocity v. Calculate the velocity of centre of mass of inclined sphere. & Solution Let, the angular velocity of sphere 3 is @. v=(R,-1,) 0,1.20 Rotational Dynamics or 20R,Ry R-)ARitn) 2vR, RR, R,-1)4R, +H) Ye, =O,R, = misec. Torque About a Point Let a point influence by a force F and the position of some point of application of the force (of the particle). Then the moment of force F about the point O, =rxF |g =F (r sin 8) = F x OM directed towards points and line of action of force. Let there are a number of forces acting on a system and we want the net torque about a certain point O. Then, from the principle of super-position (or veetor addition) rah DaxE Ds, where, 1, ~ Torque about point O.Rotational Dynamics 1.21 Torque About an Axis Let there is @ axis (x, »; z) passing through the point O. Then, the moment of force or torque about the axis (1 axis). tod. gea{"F) lu, u, uy, x ye {bx By 82} if iscollinear to 7 or F, then 8u=0 BB FAA Acircular dise rotates in horizontal plane about a fixed axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to the axis, A particle of mass m which is at rest with respect to disc and which is at a distance * froin the centre of disc. Find the torque of the weight of the particle about the point O, and also about the axis of rotation of the disc. & Solution 1, = 7x F=1.x #(-#) aa mgr 0 me so: 0 ex = 8 as In the position shown in the figure, find the net torque about the axis passing through the point 0 in the sense of angular velocity (or axis of rotation) and also about the axis 04.~ 1 122 Rotational Dynamics @ Solution %, =/sin ei xme(~7) .(-lmg sin k) =—Img sin 0. Find the net torque of the tension forces about the axis of rotation of the disc. © Solution +, ="xF =RCA)xTC)) =TRE Tp =Ry ExT) R,T, k +t) =(TR,-T.R,)k 1, =K.(TR,-T,R)k =(TR,-R,T,)Rotational Dynamics 1.23, Angular momentum of a particle about a point Let a particle of mass m follows a curve path. At a certain instant of time, its position with respect to a reference point O is 7 and its velocity with respect to point O is ¥. [y=rxp Ly=rx(my) The angular momentum for a system of particle with respect to the point O. Ly =El Angular momentum about an axis passing through to the point O, L,=8 Lg =k.rxp) If is collinear with 7 and p . Then L,=0 From the principle of the super-position, the total angular momentum of a system of particle about the z-axis, LDL Relationship between torque and angular momentum about the same point. (corresponding to a particle) dl, dr, 3 dP 2-2 aod a Bo Semin rE a dg _ a” if, 1, = 0, then L, = constant1.24 _ Rotational Dynamics (Example The angular momentum of a particle relative to a certain point O varies with time as L, =a +b, where a and b are constant vectors, with a 1 b. Find the force moment t, relative to the point O acting on the particle when the angle between the vector t, and Z, equals 45°. iD Given that the angle between ¢, and L, is 45° Rpg 2bt.[a+bt°] cos 45°= Holle 262. Va? +t o 26 V2 dor .Vat +B ve +e Squaring we get, : or @ abe & Hence form equation (i), la =2./% i & ‘Angular momentum about a point and about an axis in polar co-ordinate system or L,=7,P,=p mu,= pm po, = moto, Similarly, for the torque pF. erpendicular distance from the point mass to the axis. where, p Note: Projection of L. and x, are indeed independent choice of the point O on the z-axis relative to which are t, and L,RotationalDynamics 1.25 Angular momentum of a rigid body rotating about a stationary axis Le where, Em, p? = -is known as M.1. of solid body or rigid body about 2-axis, In general, continuous mass of a rigid body about an axis can be defined fram Moment of inertia of rigid body depends on the distribution of mass relative to the axis as well as on the axis of rotation. [Example Three particles, each of mass m are situated at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side Z as shown in the figure. Find the moment of inertia of the system about the line AX perpendicular to AB in the plane of ABC. @ Solution Perpendicular distance of A from AX - 0" Perpendicular distance of B from AX ~ L : L Perpendicular distance of C from AX = > Moment of inertia of the particle at A = 0 ‘Moment of inertia of the particle at B = mL.2, 2 and Moment of inertia of the particle at C= n( 2) ‘The moment of inertia of the three-particle system about AX is O+mi?om( E) 5m 2) 4 ‘Note that the particles on the axis do not contribute to the moment of inertia.1.26 _ Rotational Dynamics Radius of gyration If M is the mass and I is the moment of inertia of a rigid body, then the radius of gyration (K) ofa body is given by 1,7 MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOME IMPORTANT BODIES @ Hoop about cylinder axis. I= MR? © | Solid cylinder (or disc) about cylinder axis. ‘MR? Annular cylinder (or ring) about cylinder axis, | = FMR? +R,’) Solid eylinder (or disc) about centre diameterRotational Dynamics 1.27 Thin rod about axis through centre perpendicular to length, I = pMP Ais Thin rod about axis through one end perpendicular tothe length, I= ML? 3 Axis () oR (h) 2R Solid sphere about any diameter Thin spherical shell about any diameter 1=2mr? 1=2MR* 3 3 @ Hoop about any diameter. j=! 4p? 21.28 _ Rotational Dynamics Rectangular plate about perpendicular axis through centre. I Me +B) Find the moment of inertia of a uniform hollow sphere about a diameter. & Solution Let. mass be m and radius be R, Then area of the ring, =(2 aR sin 6) (R a8) Mass per unit area of the sphere = 4nR? Mass of the ring =—M— (an sin 8) (R 0) 4nR = M sino ao 2Rotational Dynamics 1.29 Moment of inertia of this elements ring about OX, a =( Msi <6} (Rsino} = MR sin’ 040 in’ 0.d0 © (1-cos* 8)sin@d0 -ME[-coso = [ied ]-2oume 31 3 _cos'e 3 lo Two Important Theorems on Moment of Inertia () Theorem of parattel axis The rotational inertia of any body about an arbitrary axis equals the rotational inertia about a parallel axis through the centre of mass plus the total mass times the squared distance between the two axis, Mathematically, the parallel axis theorem has the following form: (i) Perpendicular axis theorem Consider a lamina (cross-section of rigid body) From the figure 24y?1.30 Rotational Dynamics Multiplying both sides by 2m, we get Eom, 17 = Lm, x7 + Lim, y? L=L+], where, I, = Moment of inertia of the rigid body about an axis passing through centre of mass. Fundamental Equation of Rotational Dynamics of Rigid Body (Rotation About a Stationary Axis) In this case, if axis of rotation is denoted by z-axis, then we have L=lo Differentiating with respect to time, we get where, a = angular acceleration of the rigid body. Kinematic Energy of Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis Tat? 2 where, I-Em,p? The work performed by external forces from work-energy theorem, aw =a ~af 510") =1e,. de, dW =10,.0, dr =1.a,0,dt =1,d0 where, t,=Ia, and d0= ©, di We [r.d0 Kinetic energy of a rigid body in plane motion, T=Te ym? Ly ot atom? =k a time 2 2Rotational Dynamics 1.31 Impulse momentum theorem AL= feet This equation holds equal in the all the frame (inertial or non-inertial frame) Inthe non-inertial frame, t= Ett Eto Total Momentum of External Force Let 1% be the total moment of force relative to the point O and 1), relative to the point O', whose radius vector is equal to 7 HHH tHE, =U XE) +H XE, ty = ty HG XE If F=0,t,=t, In other words, when F is equal to zero, the total momentum of external forces do not depend on its choice of the point relative to which it is to be determines. In particular, such is the case when a couple acts on the system with respect to the C frame, which possesses an important characteristic.1.32 Rotational Dynamics This reference frame is rigidly fixed to centre of inertia of the system of particles. Since in the general case, the C frame is non-inertial, resultant of the external force must include not only the external forces of introduction but also the inertial forces, i.e. Fut F, Ai) On the other hand, the system of particles as a whole rest in the C frame. Therefore, inthis frame #9 Taking into account the equation (i) we conclude that in the C'frame, the total mo- ment of forces (including inertial forces) does not depends on the choice of the point O, and another important conclusion that in C frame the total moment of inertial forces relative to the centre of mass is always equal to zero, En, =0 Er(om)a, =Emy, x (a) Because in the C frame itself, r=0 Ex,-0 Note that the angular acceleration a, as well as c, are equal in both reference frames. Since, the C frame translate relative to the inertial frame (in the frame, of ground earth), Basic equation of dynamics of the solid or a rigid body in plane motion is Gey EF, Ete) = la, How to solve a problem: ()) Draw the free body diagram of each body. Gi) On the basis of force diagram, analyse direction of kinematical term and then write the chemical dependence of the body. (iii) For the translation (linear motion) EE, =ma,, IF, =ma, If necessary put 1, = 0 For the curve linear motion ER, =m, io DE, =m, And if necessary put +, = 0 (iv) For the pure rotation zt,Rotational Dynamics 1.33 If necessary put BF, = 0, EF, =0 or EF, =0, IF, =0 (v) Inthe plane motion use rR=ma, Sample A sphere of mass m rolls without slipping on an inclined plane of inclina- tion 0. Find the linear acceleration of the sphere and the force of friction acting on it. What should be the minimum coefficient of friction to support pure rolling? Solution Applying the law of motion equation mg sin 0 — f= ma 0) As the sphere rolls without slipping, thus a=! ii) fr=la Gry or f= 2m (ii) From equations (i) and (iii), we get a=Fgsind and f= 2mgsind For pure roller, wN > f or sg cos 0 > 2 mg sind or > Ztand134 Rotational Dynamics WORKED OUT EXAMPLES 1. A wheel having moment of inertia 2 kg-m* about its axis, rotates at 50 rpm about this axis. Find the torque that can stop the wheel in one minute. & Solution Initial angular velocity = 50 rpm = 2 rad/sec = : Using, @ = 0, + ar = 13 2 = OTP _ RP rad/sec? = — rad/sec* t 60 36 The torque that can produces this deceleration is +=1(@)= @kg—m)( ZErad sx) ==N-m 18 2. A light rod of length 1 m is pivoted at its centre and two masses of 5 kg and 2 kg are hung from the ends as shown in the figure. Find the initial angular accelera- tion of the rod assuming that it was hori- zontal in the beginning. 2kg 5kg Me My & Solution Taking moment about pivoted (m,g—mg)* A, alo n— ME) >= Moment of inertia about pivoted 1y Ly Fcc =m| +) +m,{ +) -2ke.m? n(3) +m(3) aan 1 =2)x9.8% (-2)x9.8% 5 = .4 rad/sec’. 7/4 3. Two identical solid spheres of mass M and radius R are joined together and the combination is rotated about an axis tangent to one sphere and per- pendicular to the line connecting them. What is the rotational inertia of the combination? & Solution Like masses, rotational inertias of solid objects add like scalars, therefore total for the two sphere, I= 1, + I,. For the first sphere (the one closer to the axis of rotation) we have, from the parallel axis theorem. 1, =I+M@ 22 wap? 2 > ae MR? + MR? = 1.4 MR? And for the second sphere, L=Ig,+Mé 2 = 5 MR’ + MGRY'=9.4MR° T=1,+], = 1.4 MR? +9.4 MR? = 10.8 MR* 4. A uniform sphere of weight W and radius rris being held by a rope attached to a fric- tionless wall a distance Z above the centre of the sphere as shown in the figure. Find: (i) Tension in the rope. (ii) The force exerted on the sphere by the wall.& Solution Analysis of the forces From =F, =0 Tcos8=W or T= or = T=Wsec 0 Ai) N But from the figure, tan 9 = T= W(i+tan’ 6)? = W From 5F,=0 Tsin@=N ave New] 15 LU (P+Ly ewe L 5. Figure given below shows two blocks each of mass m suspended from the ends of arigid weightless rod of length L, + L,, Rotational Dynamics 1.35 20.0 em and L, = 80.0 cm. The rod is held in the horizontal position shown in the figure and then released. Calculate the linear acceleration of the two blocks as they start to move. —— Com mC] = Solution Taking torque about point of pivot, we have “(mgL,—mgL,)=1.0 i) Moment of inertia about pivot mL 2+ mL = m(L2 +L) Putting the value I in equation (i), we get mg(L,—L,)-m(L2+L2).a __ 9.8%.60 ~ (207 + (80) Linear accelerations are a, = 0. L, = 0.20 x 7.13 = 1.426 m/sec? a, = 0 L, = 0.80 x 7.13 = 5.70 misect 13 radisec” 6. In the given figure, calculate the linear acceleration of the blocks. Mass of the block A= 10 kg Mass of the block B= 8 kg Mass of disc shaped pulley = 2 kg A ® Solution According to the law of motion,| 136 Rotational Dynamics Now, Et, -Ta CR-TR)= FMR’. Ty, T, mo mg or a-aR 1,-7, =4 Ma 2 From equation (i), (ii) and (ii), we get [memed] or an RE ae eil = 10-8) 10 _ 20 pajsec?. 10+8+1 19 7. Auniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted freely at one end. (i) What is the angular acceleration of the rod when it is at an angle 8 to the vertical? (ii) What is the tangential linear accel- eration of the free end when the rod is horizontal? The moment of inertia of a rod about one end is ; ML, & Solution Take torque about pivoted end of rod Torque due to weight = Mek sino and, torque due to rotational motion = Ia. When the rod is horizontal, a % anda a 38 2 2L a, = aL 2 mice’ 8. Aball of mass mis thrown at an angle a to the horizontal with the initial velocity y,. Find the time dependance of the mag- nitude of the ball's angular momentum vector relative to the point from which the ball is thrown. Find the angular momentum L at the highest point of the trajectory if m = 130 g, a = 45°, and », 25 m/s, The air drag is to be neglect & Solution First Method: Let the particle after time 1 reached the point P. Thus, the velocity and po- sition of point P relative to origin O are. ¥ =[vjcose i+(¥, sina gt) 7] te vpeosi {sin orig?) i]Angular momentum, Ly=rxp =rxmy =m sgooat Fa snar—Ler J] [cosas o,sina~en 7] =m[ ro sing-cosat—v,gt" cos— v5 5 in sinacosar+ > gry, osc: |&0 = mge ycosa mer At the highest point, ¢ = “»S"° 1 (xsi) smeg.v, | °=2° | cosa 2 g 3 m3). =| |sin? cosa 28 = 37kg-miisec Second Method: Leo =Fab=(Coreder Jembra #0 =mgf'sin{2-a)(-2)- 1 ss > Lmgsa(Ee)-2) reustoael-#) Rotational Dynamics 1.37 Thus, L(y = mesons Thus, angular momentum at maximum height a o(2)= mvge(wsina) oo. 2) 2 e =| |sin?a cosa 2g =37 kg-m’/see. 9. A light thread with a body of mass m tied atits end and is wound on a uniform solid cylinder of mass M and radius R as shown in the figure. At a moment ¢= 0, the system is set in motion. Assuming the friction in the axle of the cylinder to be negligible, find the time dependence of (i) the angular velocity of the cylinder. (ii) the kinetic energy of the whole system. & Solution () mg-T=ma i) ‘Torque about the centre Ty Since tangential acceleration, a = aR, where at is angular acceleration (3) sla oi)| 138 Rotational Dynamics M se mg From equations (i) and (ii), we get mg -—" = ma or a= 2. M+2m + get 2. “RO R(M+2m) o=ar=—2mt_ R(M+2m) (ii) Total kinetic energy Kah ie? +b? 2 2 ua 2mgt J Lt eet 22 R(M+2m) 1 2 y +4n( 2a | R 2°" ROM+ 2m) __mgt? 2+) am 10. A block of mass M rests on a horizontal frictionless surface. A uniform solid cylinder with a mass m rests on the upper surface of the block as shown in the figure. Ahorizontal force Fis now applied to the block. As a consequence, the cylinder rolls without slipping toward the rear of the block as the block accelerates. Derive an expression for the acceleration of the block in terms of F,M and m, For the cylinder, linear acceleration + angular acceleration = block acceleration. ie,a+a.R=a wafiv) From equations (ii) and (iii), we get gran Lit mm or andl m fot wav) 3 From equations (i) and (v), we get 11. A rod of length / is constrained to move in vertical plane containing its length between two smooth perpendicular planes. When it is released from the ver- tical position by pulling its bottom gently, find its angular acceleration and angu- lar velocity as a function of the angle 0 madé by it with horizontal as shown in the figure.Rotational Dynamics 1.39 Ai) EF, = ma, or Ny-mg=ma, wii) Taking torque about centre of the gravity, we have 1,=(N, sin 0—N, cos 0) A a oss J Ny mg To=d mP-o 12 mlo. or (N,sin—N, cos 6) = 7 Now,, 2=cosé andy=/sind 2 2 ft cl wanoxetaeey A de 2 ws j.cos 8 — co sin) (v) From equations, (i) and (iv) Ny wee sin@—o' cos@] __...(vi) From equations (ii) and (v) Ny—meg = m4 {orcos6—«* sin8)] or Ng amg + facos8- a’ sind] 2 alii) Putting this value in equation (ii), we get Be (—asind—oF con0psno}-] me a] {10s sind]oose = "2 [-atsin* 00? cost sin] - ¢00s0 or M4 sin?9-.u? cos? 6.sinO- gcos0 2 2 la ap, lo* la cost 94! sing cose = cos! 6+ sind -c0sd= "2 or or or Here, a. is negative, so our reference is reverse. do ot 8 = 3 cose do 2! o 6 or % 46% Integrating, fe do= a foosedo * or1.40 Rotational Dynamics 12. A uniform thin bar of 4 kg and length 2 metres is bent to make a square. Cal- culate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through the centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of the square. ®& Solution Total mass of the bar is m kg and length / metres. D c A B Then, mass of one side of square is and length is 4 metres. Moment of inertia of bar of side AB mi(lyY m(ty ‘i = Z(G] +F(5} Paaliel axistheo- 448) tem] mPT A omt|tyb e4li2 4 2 Putting the value of m and /, we get 4x4 Ll 1=—~>x— kgm? = 0.333 kgm’ 16 “38e™ em 13. A uniform rod of length 2 L and mass 3 M is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing through its mid point O which is fixed at a height L above the horizontal floor. Two small rings each of the mass M are located on the rod on opposite sides of O and at tance % from 0. The system i at rest. The rod is then given an angular velocity aff. Assuming that the rings are free to slide on the rod, find the distance between the points where the rings strike the floor in the subsequent motion. & Solution “t oy « = + \ | Y, u2 u2 le <—*—> Let the angular velocity just after the ring slip-off is @. - From conservation of angular momentum 1,0,=lo Ci) SM.2Ly vam (E) ML’ 2 =ML = 3M: 2 1.=ML?+2ML? = 3ML? iuuaie 2 L I 3MD v zou=/E. L=JeL From energy conservation, 1 Liat = To? +— 2 2 and, & 2M +v,7) 2 3.4.8 28 2 3.4. £=Mu £42 Mgl+2M a) E L " or 6gl.—3gL=2v2 Time of fall of each ring is given by Loe set =L 38we gee ee g Required distance between the points =2V(L+ yt)? +17 =2L V+ V3) +2 =2L¥6+2V3 =615L 14, A uniform cylinder of radius R is spinned about its axis to the angular velocity @, and then placed into a corner shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between the corner walls and the cylin- der is equal to 1. How many turns will the cylinder accomplish before it stops’? SS & Solution From the Law of motion oA) ii) And, f= WN, From equation (i) f mg =A ey, u mg. l+p7 png: ioe and, f, According to the rigid body, torque about the centre (f+ AR =la= Sma Rotational Dynamics 1.41 Kinematics equation of the rigid body is o2-@'=200 From the problem w =0 9-2 O_o RU H") 2a 4 2ug (+4) 4ug(1+p) Ro lew ButO=2nn a= @eRU +p?) © Snyg (+p) 15, Arod AB of mass M and length L is lying on a horizontal frictionless surface. A par- ticle of mass mm travelling along the surface hits the end ‘4’ of the rod with a velocity », in a direction perpendicular to AB. The collision is completely elastic. After the col- lision the particle comes to rest (i) Find the ratio. M (ji) A point P on the rod is at rest imme- diately after the collision. Find the distance AP. (iii) Find the linear speed of the point P at atime after the collision. Gy), & Solution The given problem is shown in the figure.1.42 Rotational Dynamics Let the given point P on the rod be situ- ated as shown in the figure. It is given that the point P remains at rest immediately after the collision of the object with the rod. This is possible only when the effect of collision is to cause a linear motion of the rod with velocity v, as shown in the figure and also a counter- clockwise rotation of the rod about the axis passing through its centre of mass. Let x be the distance of the point from its centre of mass, then the above condition will be satisfied when at the point P. y,=0r Ai) where @ the angular velocity of the rod. From the conservation of momentum, my,= My, : From the conservation of angular momentum about the centre of mass, my, (5) =1o iii) where, I, is the moment of inertia of the rod about the axis passing through its centre of mass. It is given by the expression. Le bMe Gv) ‘Also, it is given that the collision of the ob- ject with the rod is elastic. Therefore, from the principle of conservation of energy, we have Mv? +3 To’ wv) From equations co MMO(LI2) __mvy(L/2)__ 6my, 1 Q/12)MI and (iv), we get ..(vi) Using equations (ii) and (vi) in equation (v), we get ‘ 4 inn? -in(@) sam (4) 2 tM ) Takia ML m 3m 2 * M’M m_t o ag (vii) Using equations (ii) and (vi) in equation (i); we get mvy/M_L © 6my/ML 6 Distance of P from A, PA = at aly Bet, viii) The angle through which the rod has rotated sa OL in time = is Mo “as) From equation (vii), since = a+, we get 4 o=(S2) BL) 4L)\3v,) 2 vol vol2v2 ple Vol4 The position of the rod is as shown in the figure. cz mL ‘ i, 4 At time 7~, the point P is under the in- Yo fluence of two velocities. Velocities due to the linear motion of the rod (acting in the upward direction) is vel ™ pete in (Brom Velocity due to the rotation motion of the rod {acting in the horizontal direction) is6m») (L years a mL )\6 4” Resultant of these two velocities is ano The velocity vector will be directed at an angle of 45° with respect to the horizontal. 16. Aspool with a thread wound on itis placed on an inclined smooth plane set at an angle «= 30° to the horizontal. The free end of the thread is attached to the wall as shown in the figure. The mass of the spool is m = 200 g, its moment of inertia relative to its own axis / = 0.45 g m’, the radius of the wound thread layer r~3.0 cm. Find the acceleration of the spool axis. = Solution or mgsina-T=ma i) Torque about the centre is given by T.r=la= or T ii) mg _ Rotational Dynamics 1.43 From equations (i) and (ii), we have _ la mgsina >= ma na -(2 or mesina =( +m) c os 0.2%(.03) 17. Aman pushes a cylinder of mass m, with the help of plank of mass m, as shown in the figure. There is no slipping at any contact. The horizontal component of the force applied by the man is F, Find: (i) The acceleration of the plank and the centre of the mass of the cylinder. (ii) The magnitudes and directions of frictional forces at contact point. F— m, 2 m, @ Solution Free body diagram of plank and cylinder is shown in the figure. amr TIT? fe Applying the kinematic law fth=m,a, Ai) Abo (f,-f)R=la ot = oR and = Sm? tii)1.44 Rotational Dynamics From equations (i) and (ii), we get fire mas iii) Then, from the equations (i) and (iii), we get 3 * fazma, liv) and, f; AV) Equation of the plank F-f,= ma+,and a,=2aR=24, F-f,=2m, a, = nya, + Img 4 oF > AEs 3m, +8m, Putting the value of a, in equations (iv) and (v), we get 4 3mF f= ‘3m, +8m, 3m, +8m, mE 3m, +8m," 18. The end A of the slender rod AB against a fixed semi-cylindrical surface as shown. is pulled with v, = 0.6 m/see (+). If x= 2.25 m, determine o,, of AB and v, of the end B. = Solution =, From the figure R re sind ds __ Roos do dt sin’@ dr ~ 4__ sin’ ev, ad Reos When x = 2.25 sino-& x and cos 0=08 dO _ - 0.6x0.6x0.6 dt 135x08 = ~0.2 radisec (anti-clockwise) For point B 3x, =x-R cos O andy, =R sin @ dty dx | Rsin0.d0 &., Ramya aad and dod odt dyy _ Roos0.d9 dt Vg, = [0.6 + 1.35 0.6 (-0.2)] i vp, = 1.35 x 0.8 x 0.2 v= Jv)" +(%,)? = (0.438)? + (0.2167 ).52 m/sec. and 19. A spool with thread wound on it of mass ‘m, rests on a rough horizontal surface. Its moment of inertia relative to its own axis is equal to = KmR?, where K is the numerical factor, and R is the outside radius of the spool. The radius of the wound thread layer is equal to r. The pool is pulled without sliding by the thread with a constant force F directed at an angle « to the horizontal. Find: (i) The projection of the acceleration vector of the spool axis on the x-axis. (ii) The work performed by the force F during the first ¢ seconds after the beginning of motion.__ Rotational Dynamics 1.45 Solution @ 2F,=ma, or F cos a—f=ma, Li) where, f = Frictional force, because no sliding occurs. Torque about the centre of spool Fr-f-R=la= Fer~f-R=KmR? Se or f mR? or f=F Kma, From equations (i) and (ii), we get Feosa—F.7 =Kma, +ma, #( cosa ~~ m(l+K) (ii) The friction is no required any work because friction is static. .°. Work done = Change in kinetic energy =F hast) Putting the value of a,, we get 2 Fe {cose -2 R Work done = —*——_*_, 2m(I+K) 20. A block of mass M with a semi-circular track of radius R, rests on a horizontal frictionless surface. A uniform cylinder of radius r and mass 7 is released from rest at the top point 4. The cylinder slips on the semi-circular frictionless track. How far has the block moved when the cylinder reaches the bottom (point B) of the track? How fast is the block moving when the cylinder reaches the bottom of the track? A m M @ Solution When the cylinder reached at bottom point, the block M traveled through a distance x. Since, the cylinder is slip of the track, thus, does not possess angular velocity. mx, + Mx,,=0 or omit, xy] + Mey =0 or m[(R-r)-x]-Mx=0 m(R-r) m+M1.46 __ Rotational Dynamics Kx Hence, the block moved in negative x-direction, From the energy conservation mg(R-r) =m sins From the conservation of momentum i Substituting the value v, in equation (i), we get 2 me(R-1)~ 4m“) +i - m M(M+m) 21, A uniform solid cylinder of radius R = 15 cm rolls over a horizontal plane pass- ing into an inclined plane forming an angle a = 30° with the horizontal shown in the figure. Find the maximum value of the velocity », which still permits the cylinder to roll on to the inclined plane section without a jump. The sliding is assumed to be absent. & Solution The cylinder does not jump, it means that normal reaction is always present. my cosa N= UL fi) mg cosa 7 ° a mg Here, O is the instantaneous centre of ro- tation and its velocity is v,. From the energy conservation = pm? 4 To” — mg R(1- cosa) 2 where ©, = z and [= . 2m or ~ 4 eRU- cosa) li) From equations (i) and (ii), we get egress N84 paceuay m 3=4gR (Teosa.-4)- SR 3 m Hence, maximum value at v, 1 eR (7eosa—4) 22. A wedge of mass m and triangular cross- section (AB-BC-CA~2R) is moving with a constant velocity —v i towards a sphere of radius R fixed on a smooth horizontal table as shown in the figure. The wedge makes an elastic collision with the fixed sphere and returns along the same path without any rotation. Neglect all friction and suppose that the wedge remains in contact with the sphere for a very short time Ar, during which the sphere exerts a | constant force F on the wedge. x B c (i) Find the force F and also the normal force N exerted by the table on the wedge during the time At. Let ft denotes the perpendicular dis- tance between the centre of mass of the wedge and the line of action of F. Find the magnitude of the torque due to the normal force N about the centre of the wedge, during time interval A’. ‘@ Solution The collision is elastic and the sphere is fixed so velocity of wedge is same and return to the original path, w Hence, change in momentum causes the | impulse force. ‘Now, change in momentum in x-direction =2mv F cos 30°. = 2 mv or Inthe vector form Feosa i-Fsina k) adm Sie dmv Ve Var 2 Jar 2 ) ) = (20 v. iG 1>) =2my| i k Bi) During the collision, the total down- ward force acting on the wedge, 2mv Bat N= mg +Fsin30° =mg+ 2mv wei (ii) Since, the wedge does not undergo any rotation, the magnitude of torque due to F should be completely balanced by the torque due to V. Hence, dmv Id=Fa= fi 4 (2) where, / is the perpendicular distance between the centre of mass of the wedge and the line of action of the force F. In the vector form N =| mes 23. In the arrangement shown in the fig- ure, a block A of mass m is suspended by a string. The other end of the string is wound over a pulley B having a co- axial axel C. The axel-pulley system is suspended symmetrically by two light strings, one end of each is fixed to the ceiling and the other end would over the axel. The mass of the pulley-axel system1.48 Rotational Dynamics is M and radius of the axel and the pulley are R and 2R respectively. The strings do not step over the pulley and axel. Find the acceleration of block A when the sys- tem is left free. The moment of inertia of the pulley-axel system about the common ese qT T R [Jy YL mg YT CIA 7 © Solution Mg + T, - 2T = Ma, 0) where, a, = acceleration of centre of mass of the cylinder Torque about common centre Th2R-+2TR = Lea 1 Gi) Motion of block mg -T,=ma _iii) where, a= Acceleration of block Since, there is no slipping, therefore, a~a,+2aR~a, +2a,—3a, From equations (i) and (iii), multiplying equa tion (iii) by 3, we get Mg + 3mg - (QT, + 27) = 3ma + Ma, aa +3mg =3ma+MS+1-, ge Me tSmg=3ma+M 5 +1 es 3(Mg +3mg) (m +9m+ 4) R 24, A board of mass M, whose upper surface is rough and under surface is smooth, rests on a smooth horizontal plane. A sphere of mass m is placed on board and the board is suddenly given a velocity v in the direction of its length. Find the time after which the sphere begins pure roll-: ing, if the coefficient of friction between the board and the sphere is . or a ¥, = Het Torque about sphere surface T.a=f.R=pmg.R | Velocity of board, v, For the pure rolling, v,=¥, +RSugt Thus, v-ygr. =pgr+ PS R oe ag RE OR or v= BEB yer + BEE 2M 25. A uniform solid cylinder A of mass m, can freely rotate a horizontal axis fixed to a mount B of mass m, shown in the figure. A constant horizontal force F is applied to the end X of a light thread tightly wound on the cylinder, The friction between the mount and the supporting horizontal plane is assumed to be absent. Find: (i) The acceleration of the point X. (ii) The kinetic energy of this system t seconds after the beginning of motion. 8 & Solution (i) The acceleration of cylinder and the mount is same. -—F_ fi) m+m, ‘Torque about at the centre of cylinder F.R=I.a _FGm, +2m,) m,(m,+m,) Rotational Dynamics (ii) Work done = change in kinetic energy Since, initial kinetic energy = 0 Therefore, final kinetic energy = work done =Fr =Flat 2 LEG, +2m,) 2 2 mim,+ F'¢ Gm, +2m,) ‘m,(m, + m,) 26. A small body A is fixed to the inside of a thin rigid hoop of radius R and mass equal to that of the body 4. The hoop rolls without slipping over a horizontal plane. At the moments when the body A gets into the lower position the centre of the hoop moves with velocity v, as shown in the figure. At what value of v,, will the hoop move without bouncing? Solution Clearly, the tendency of bouncing of the loop will be maximum when the small body A, will be at the highest point of the hoop during its rolling motion. Let the velocity of centre of mass of the hoop equals v at this position. The static friction does not work on the hoop, so from conservation of energy. nN — @ ; A or N=mg-N’ 149 p1 Rotational Dynamics Alii) 27. Auniform circular disc has radius R and mass m. A particle also of mass m is fixed at a point 4 on the edge of the disc as shown in the figure. The disc can rotate freely about a fixed horizontal chord PQ that is at a distance - from the centre C of the dise. The line AC is perpen- dicular to PQ. Initially, the disc is held vertical with the point A at its highest position. It is then allowed to fall so that it starts rotating about PQ. Find the linear speed of the particle as it reaches its lowest position @ Solution The final position of rotation when particle reaches the lowest position is shown in the figure. Decrease in potential energy of the particle 5) _SmgR =me( 2x5 )= 508 mel “4 ) 2 Decrease in potential energy of disc from cen- tre CtoC’ R)_mgR =mg|2x—|=72* mo") 2 Total potential energy decreases SmgR _ mgR 2° 2 = 3mgR Moment of inertial of m about PQ, (J 25mR? m{ 2S) = 4 16 Moment of inertia of dise about PQ ke on( 3) (using parallel axis theorem) mR? mR? _ SmR? “4 16 «16 Henee, total moment of inertia about PQNow, Decrease in potential energy = Incteases in kinetic energy or Sg = 2 mR wo? 16 Hog 3R The linear speed of the particle, at which it reaches the lowest position is, SR = J5gR oF gl or v 28. A metre stick lies on a frictionless hori- zontal table, It has a mass M and is free to move in any way on the table. A hockey puck m, moving as shown with speed v collide elastically with the stick. (i) What is the velocity of the puck after impact? (ii) What is the velocity of the centre of mass and the angular velocity of the stick after impact? M centre mov — @ Solution (i Let after impact, the velocity of puck be v, and the centre of mass be v,. From the conservation of linear mo- mentum my = mv, + Mv, i) From conservation of angular momen- tum, we have (i | | 1 : Rotational Dynamics 1.51 mvt, rl a 3 2 or mya MO, my, . Me =m(v-¥,) yaw BE Ai) Since, e = 1, therefore, al ree yey eS lil) From equations (ii) and (iii), we get ve yy +37 iv) From equations (i) and (iv), we get m= v4) , 3m(v=¥) M M or My =-My, + mv—mv, + 3mv—3ny, From equations (i), my = my, + Mv, Substituting the value v,, we get mye eM). (4m—M) . My, = . mt ( 2m ) v 4m+M. From equation (ii) 4m-M |v 4m+M Mio } +My, ] _(4m-M) (4m —M) 2mv.M. (4m+M) or Spoamen y= }| 2M. 4m+M1.52 __ Rotational Dynamics 29. A billiard ball initially at rest is given a sharp impulse by a cue. The cue is held horizontally at a distance h above the centre line as shown in the figure. The ball leaves the cue with a speed v, and because of its forward “English” (rolling and sliding) eventually acquires a final Iv, 4R speed of ~"*, Prove that k=", where R is the radius of the ball. Solution From impulse momentum theorem (P.)=Far or mv,—0=F ar wi) From angular momentum theorem Io,=t. de Io, =Fh. ar Fh. Ai a > yee eal) I, From equations (i) and (ii), we get mvt . eat wii 7 i) In final position, only friction torque is required to decrease the angular velocity. or week =e © =0,-af =0, (es) m0) Since, after time f, the ball is in pure rolling, therefore, v=oR From equation (iv) thet 2 t= From equation (v) eo, HmeR 2v oT Tug or = 18R -as(n 28 oe TERE Ssh 2R) or =18R=354—10R nade 530. The axis of the cylinder given ure is fixed. The cylinder is initially at rest. The block of mass M is initially mov- ing to the right without friction and with speed v,. If passes over the cylinder to the dashed position. When it first makes contact with the cylinder, it slips on the cylinder, but the friction is large enough, so that slipping ceases before M loses contact with the cylinder. The cylinder has a radius 2 and a rotational inertia /. Find the final speed v, in term of v,, M, I and R. This can be done easily by using the relation between impulse and change in momentum. L; = & Solution From the impulse-momentum m(v,—¥,) = F Ar lo=FAR From equations (i) and (ii), we get or According to the problem v,= oR 31, A rod of mass m and length / is held vertically on a smooth horizontal floor. Now it is released from this position, find the speed of its contre of mass when it makes an angle 0 with the vertic: Rotational Dynamics 1.53 & Solution Since, there is no horizontal force and the rod initially rest on its centre of mass, so there is no horizontal displacement. The velocity of centre of mass », ({si0) o Ai) From conservation of energy 1 wii) 2,1 2 Io? +m? 2 2 Substituting the value of o in equation, we get mg sa —cos0) = ! 1 ml? (_2v. J Lo gdd-cos0) = 4, thn? mB p(1-0s8)= 5-5 (25) Qe or l 2 mg~.2sin” i) 6sin' 0 tin®.ine = Vogt 32. Two cylinders having radii R, and R, and rotational inertias , and I, respectively, are supported by axis perpendicular to the plane shown in the figure. The large cylinder is initially rotating with angular velocity «9,. The small cylinder is moved to the right until it touches the large cylinder and is caused to rotate by the frictional force between the two, Eventually stipping ceases, and the two cylinders rotate at con- stant rates in opposite directions. Find the angular velocity , of the small cylinder in terms of 7, /,,R, and R, and 0,1.54 Rotational Dynamics > Solution From angular impulse equation: L,=1,(,-9) For large body -f. MR, = For small body (o,-0,) i) ii) From equations (i) and (ii), we get R,_ Lie 3 ata il Ry Le) ae According to the problem, after impact since they rotate at the constant rate, therefore OR, =0,R, From equations (iii) and (iv), we get iv) Lo. or 33. A uniform disc of mass m and radius R is projected horizontally with velocity », on a rough horizontal floor so that it starts-off with a purely sliding motion at ¢= 0, After 1, seconds, it acquires a purely rolling motion as shown in the figure. (i) Calculate the velocity of the centre of mass of the dise at f,. Assuming the coefficient of friction to be p, calculate 1, Also calculate the work done by the frictional force as a function of time and the total work done by it over a time much longer than ¢,, Gi) =< Vo aad TTI & Solution (i) By law of motion f=ma (i) Acceleration of cylinder in the negative direction ii) Torque about the centre of the dise 1 2 fR=La=—mRa 2s, mR So, angular velocity after time 1, 2f'ty mR According to the problem, when the dise is in pure rolling motion, then v= OR a @= at, =From equation (ii) vy 2% 303 iv) (ii) From equation (iv) alte af where, f= mg =e 3ymg -0 “Sag Work done =f de =-fv,dt Integrating, we have Total work done =-f, is oe =—pmg Vv, f, + ping fy 34, A slender rod of length / forming an angle 0 with the horizontal strikes a frictionless floor at A with its centre of mass velocity v, and no angular velocity. Assuming that the impact at 4 is per- fectly clastic, find the angular velocity of the rod immediately after the impact. Rotationel Dynamics 1.55 | & Solution During the course of impact, the only impulsive force acting on the rod is the normal reaction N acting at the end 4 of the rod. Since, torque of the impulsive normal reaction N about the centre of mass of the rod gives the clockwise rotation to the rod, the end 4 of the rod starts to move horizontally towards left just after impact. Further as the impact force N at 4 is vertical, the centre of mass will continue to move vertically after impact but with some new velo ¥; (say). For the rod from angular impulse momen- tum theorem about the axis passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of figure (say z-axis) in the frame of the centre of mass of the rod: 1, Af= AL, N deosear = a-0 2 2 where, m is the mass of the rod or NLcos8ar=@ Ai) 2 12 From the linear impulse-momentum theorem, the translational motion of the rod is in the vertically downward direction. ii)1.56 Rotational Dynamics Since, the point A moves towards left and the centre of mass moves vertically downward, the intersection point / of the normal drawn on the velocity of point A and centre of mass is the instantaneous centre of rotation of the rod just after impact. Hence, kinetic relation between v, and @ becomes ii) From equations (ii) and (iii), we get Nate a ~Shoose] iv) Solving equations (i) and (iv), we get 6v, cos 1 1+3cos' 35. A ball of mass m moving with velocity ¥, experience a head-on elastic collision with one of the spheres of a station- ary rigid dumb-bell as shown in the figure. The mass of each sphere equals s and the distance between them is J. Disregarding the size of the spheres, find the proper angular momentum L of the dumb-bell after the collision, i.e., the angular momentum in the reference frame moving translationally and fixed to the dumb-bell’s centre of inertia. tn 2 mn 2 @ Solution From conservation of linear momentum along the direction of incident ball for the system consisting of colliding ball and sphere, mm my, = mv! +—y, wo same o where, v' and y, are the velocities of the ball and sphere 1° respectively after collision (Remember that collision is head on). As the collision is perfectly elastic, from the definition of coefficient of restitution ii) As RLF therefore, L = (mee a 8 where, fi is the unit vector in the sense ofRotational Dynamics 1.57 36, A small body of mass m tied to a non- stretchable thread moves over a smooth horizontal plane. The other end of the thread is being drawn into a hole O shown in the figure with a constant veloc- ity. Find the thread tension as a function of the distance r between the body and the hole if r = r,. The angular velocity of the thread is equal to @,. @ Solution Forces acting on the mass m are shown in the figure. As Nem, the net torque of these two forces about any fixed point must be equal to zero. Tension T,, acting on the mass m is a cen- tral force, which is always directed towards the centre O. Hence, the moment of force T is also zero about the point O and therefore, the angular momentum of the particle m is con- served about O. Let the angular velocity of the particle be @, When the separation between hole and particle m is r, then from conservation of mo- mentum about the point O m( Wr.) Fy = mor) Ove 32 or w= Now, from second law of motion for m T= Hence, the tension = mor 2 xs rat=n( 22) r= Ooh 1 r 37. One fourth length of a uniform rod of Tength 21 and mass a is placed on a hori- zontal table and the rod is held horizon- tal. The rod is released from rest. Find the normal reaction on the rod as soon as rod is released. Par Shel elo @ Solution Torque applied by gravity about the edge t=me{ 24 ige T=mg| From equations (i) and (ii), we get 368 431[1.58 Rotational Dynamics From newton’s second law of motion mg—N=ma ees 4 3 SS Putting this value in equation (iii), we get ar Nemgemm( 22 me mf e) where, a _l6mg B 38. A thin uniform bar of mass m and length 22 is held at an angle 30° with the horizontal by means of two vertical inextensible strings, at each end as shown in figure. If the string at the right end breaks, leaving the bar to swing, determine the tension in the string at the left end and the angular accelera- tion of the bar immediately after spring breaks. 30" = Solution Drawing free body diagram of rod immediately after the string breaks. a 30° mg y Let a, and a, be the linear accelerations of COM and & the angular acceleration of the | rod about COM as shown below. =F, mg-T and = m m t_TLeos30° _ 3V3T (ii) 1 mQLy~p mL 12 Now just after the string breaks, acceleration of point A in vertical direction should be zero. ie. a,=Lacos 30° Solving equations (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get be 13L La 39. A sphere of mass m and radius a rolls on other sphere of mass m! and radius 5 which rolls on horizontal plane; friction is sufficient to prevent sliding and the motion is all parallel to the some vertical plane, Set up the equation to determine the motion of cach sphere.& Solution Let C and C’ be the centres and @, 0” their velocities at an arbitrary time 1. Let v denote the velocity of the sphere ‘m', and let C’C makes an angle @ with the vertical at time f. As the lower sphere is pure rolling, v=bo! ()) and on the other hand v, =v,’ +y,! Also the point of contact P of two spheres have no relative tangential velocity ie, the tangential velocity, v,,,, must be same for both the spheres. Hence, v4) +) =V,.(0) + V0 (0 + V0 and v'Q=V, + ¥. 0 aw+(a+b) e ii) Hence, dw’ ‘Now for sphere C a=ata-a. (Ota (n) +a, 2 where, a_.(¢ =(a+6)28y, (along the tan- dt gent) 2 a(n) =(a -»( 2) x, (along the normal) i along x-axis From the equations of dynamics for each sphere; resolving and taking moment about Rotational Dynamics 1.59 the centre for each sphere, we have for sphere C, for wave-linear motion: F,=ma, mg sind —f, = m (a, mg 080 —N =m (4.44 * 4.4) 2 {oo ) fino} For rotational motion of C, t= Ia, 2 do a=—=ma— wiv) aa For sphere C’ corresponding of its linear mo- tion FL=ma,, —f/-1 sind + fcos0 = wv) From the equation F, = ma, N'- m'g —Neos0-f sind =0 coli) For the rotational motion of sphere C’ Teg Hy Oy 2 . fib+ f'b= ml Avil) These seven equation are sufficient td deter- mine the motion of each sphere or in other words the obtained equation are sufficient to calculate all the kinematical terms. We might alternately have written down the equation of energy for the whole system instead of equations of dynamics because nei- ther friction forces nor nomal reactions do work on system. Therefore relat bat as 20° Jo? +mg(a+b)cos@= constant .. (viii)1.60 Rotational Dynamics where, y,,=(a+8) andy, di and angle between v._ and v, equals @ oxsr(2) +0) Aix) +2(a+6)®veose dt Thus from equations (viii) and (ix), we have Lily 2( dey 28, at +(a+b) (4) +2045) 1 2,2 fav s2eo'}+ 2 5 mg(a+b)cos® = costant 68) cos8+— 40. Acylindrical pipe of diameter Lmis kept on the truck as shown in the figure. Ifthetruck now starts moving with constant accel- eration of 2m/s', the pipe rolls backward without slipping on the floor of the truck and finally falls on the road. If the pipe moves a total length of 4m on the floor of the truck, find how much distance the pipe moves on the road before it finally stops. The coefiicient of friction between the pipe and the road is 0.4 (g = 10m/s') ae o~ © © ® Solution Acceleration of truck 4, = 1 m/s? (towards right) Let ‘a’ be the linear acceleration of centre of mass of cylinder (towards left) with respect to the truck and a: be its angular acceleration (anticlockwise) about its centre of mass. Pseudo force: may { (friction) Drawing free body diagram of cylinder with respect to truck. ma, —f= ma fi) or a= £ m Le 1 1 Tig: mR 2 Since cylinder rolls without slipping on the truck, we have Also, a wii) a=Ra iii) Solving equations (i), (ii) and (ii), we get az2a=2q)=2ms* 3 3 3 With above acceleration, cylinder covers a distance s = 4 m on the truck in time ¢ given by or s= For s=4m, 4 3 The linear velocity of the cylinder relative to truck is v,=at =(3)2vi= Favs etwas Inthe same time, truck has acquired a forward velocity. v= at = (1) 2V3 mvs (rightwards) Hence, at the moment cylinder leaves the truck, it is moving with a linear velocity 2 3 m/s (rightwards)f= 4 R V3x05 and its angular velocity, @ 8 = Fd (anticlockwise) Once the cylinder leaves the truck, there is no external torque on it about centre of mass axis of rotation. Hence, its angular velocity and linear horizontal velocity do not change. Therefore, when it touches the ground, it does not perform pure rolling. ® ars fou = HI < Friction acts backward. Linear retardation, = (0.40(10)) = 4mis* and angular retardation, mgR _2yg _ 2x4 = 16 rad/s* R05 Linear velocity becomes zero in time f, given by 2 3. ao 7 ‘4 “aE and angular velocity becomes zero in time 1, given by 1 =—es 3 Since, f, = 1, ie., linear velocity and angular velocity’ become zero simultaneously, hence, 1 the cylinder stops in time, t=——=s. 2B Rotational Dynamics 1.61 Distance moved by cylinder during this time Dat (4) 41. A ring shown in figure is made up of two semicircular rings A and B of markes 2 kg and 4 kg respectively. The ring has the diameter of 1m. The ring rolls with- out slipping. Find (a) angular acceleration (b) normal reactions and (c) friction force Q~ 30° ICOM of semicircular ring lies at a dis- in tance of — from centre] Tt & Solution Here, = 0.5m. 2 Since, P and M are the centres of mass of the two parts A and B. MO=PO= 2s, 032m non Let C be the centre of mass of the whole ring. MP = 2(0.32) = 0.64 m y Then, MC = (;}es0 = 0.213 m1.62 __ Rotational Dynamics CO = 0.32 —0.213 = 0.107m QC = y(0Q)’ +(Coy’ = ¥(0.5)? + (0.107) =0.511 m Force diagram is shown below: W = 60 newton F, = 60 sin 30° F, = 60 cos 30° (@) The ring will rotate about point Q. 7 t angular acceleration, o — fo — (60sin30°)(QO) + (60c0s30°)(CO) (2m, +2m,)r? (2x4+2%2(2) = 6.84rad/s* (b) Acceleration of centre of mass, C: a= (QO) (a) in the direction shown in figure i.e., per- pendicular to QC a= (0.511) (6.84) m/s? = 3.5 mist x ™— y Now, (m,+7m,) 4,=ZE, or — (m, +m,) asin @ = 60.cos 30°—N *. Normal reaction, N = 60 cos 30° — (m, + m,)a sin 8 (60) (0.86) — (2 + 4) (3.5) sin 11.9° = 47.27 Newton (c) (m, + m,)a, = ZF, or (m,+m,)a cas @= 60 sin 30°—f . Frictional force, f= 60 sin 30° — (m, + mg) acos 8 = (60) (0.5) ~ (2 + 4) (3.5) cos 11.9° “, =9,45 Newton 42, The extremities of a 1.2m rod weighting 25 kg can move freely and with no fric- tion along two straight tracks as shown. If the rod is released with no initial veloc- ity from the position shown, determine (2) the angular acceleration of rod (b) the reactions at A and B (g = 9.8 m/s*) & Solution Let ot be the angular acceleration of the rod. Acceleration of B with respect to A is 1.2 @ at an angle of 60° with horizontal as shown in figure: Using sine law, we get q, ay a sin75° co sin45° sin 60° or a,= 1.64 a and a, = 1.474Rotational Dynamics 1.63 Therefore, acceleration of G can now be ob- tained by 4, = 1.64 0-06 a cos? and a, =0.6 0 sin 60°= 0.52 a Free body diagram of rod is @ = ra a N, j N, (0.6c0s30°)-— (0.6c0s30° + 0.6sin30° IX 2 « ) asa 12 =0.173N,-O.19N, Gii) Now 3F_=ma, or N,sin45°= (25) (1.34 a) or Ny= 7370 liv) Also EF,=ma, or —245—N,-N, cos 45°=(25) (0.52.0) or N,+0.707N,=245-13a —..(v) Solving equations (iii), (iv) and (v), we get = 2.33 radis? and N,=137N,N,=110N SOLVED OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 1, Particle of mass m is projected with a velocity », making an angle of 45° with hor- izontal. The magnitude of angular momen- tum of the projectile about the point of projection at its maximum height is ° by 2 © Pe (d) mJ2gh* (@ Zero > Explanation Speed of the particle at the top = horizontal ‘component of the speed of projection. yy => v=¥c0s8, =¥, cos45° = Angular momentum the particle about O L=mvrsin 0 where, 0=angle between ¥ and 7 => Lemvh — (srsinO=h) Putting, pn Misin®® _ isin’ 45° vi et 2g 2g 4g ie 42 Putting, v= /4gh,we get L=m2gh*| 64 Rotational Dynamics 2. A homogenous rod AB of length L mass M is pivoted at the centre 0 in such a way that it can rotate freely in a verti- cal plane. The rod is initially in a hori- zontal position. An insect S of the same mass falls vertically with speed V at the point C, midway between the points O and B and stick to the rod. Immediately after the insect fall, the angular velocity of the system is «KS Cc AC a 1B 0 1 3
OF = toplanation (MVE =| ME Jy . a (12 "16 > mv=(Me+ME 3° 4 3(2) = 2(¥ TAL oc AL 8 he 3. A string is wrapped several times round a solid cylinder and then the end of the string is held stationary while the cy! der is released from rest with an initial motion. The acceleration of the cylinder and tension in the string will be 28 ang ME ne () Pana (b) g and" Sang 7% 3 ang (©) Zana (@) $ and mg > Explanation Let a be the acceleration of the cylinder. Then mg-T=ma 0) If o be the angular acceleration, then 2 TR -t0-["E Ja Gi) 2 As the string unwinds without slipping =Ra (iil) Solving these equations, we get azzg and T= 4. A cube in limiting equilibrium on an inclined plane forming an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The line of action of the normal reaction of the plane on the cube is (a) at the centre of the cube (b) at a distarice (4) up the plane from the centre (©) at adistance (4) up the plane from the centre a (@) at @ distance <4 from the centre » " WS down the plane& Explanation At limiting equilibrium for linear equilibrium mg sin 30° = uN and mg cos 30°=N 3B Considering rotational equilibrium about the c.m,, we have or p= tan 30° a INx—=Nxx He or xe “WB 5. A uniform rod of length / and mass M is suspended on two vertical inextensible string as shown in the figure. Calculate tension T in left string at the instant, when right string snaps. oF (b) mg ee mE o% @% TS = Explanation Let the tension in the rope be T and the acceleration of the centre of mass of the rod downwards be a. Then, mg—T=ma oi) mgt me? Again, ——=|a= zag Gi) asf ya SS I mg Rotational Dynamics 6. A cubical block of side L rests on a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of friction p. A horizontal force F is applied on the block as shown. If the coefficient of friction is sufficiently high so that the block does not slide before toppling, the minimum force required to topple the block is (@) infinitesimal (6) HE © a (@) mg (1-p) eF— L & Explanation Net torque about the point O is zero. FL =mgx 7. A horizontal disc rotes freely about a vertical axis through its centre. A ring, having the same mass and radius as the1.66 Rotational Dynamics dise, is gently placed on the disc. After some time, the two rotate with a common angular velocity. (a) Some friction exists between the disc and the ring. (b) The angular momentum of the ‘disc plus ring’ is conserved, (©) The final angular velocity of z rd of the initial angular velocity of the disc. @ z rd of the initial kinetic energy changes to heat. @ Explanation Let, , of the disc ©, = final common angular velocity of the disc and the ring. initial angular velocity For the disc, For the ring, or Initial kinetic energy, E, = fe : 1 Final kinetic energy, E, = 5(l,+1,)0, Heat produced = less in kinetic energy = E, -E, Ratio of heat produced to initial kinetic 8. Along horizontal rod has bead which can slide along its length, and initially placed at a distance L from one end A of the rod. The rod is set in angular motion about A with constant angular acceleration a. If the coefficient of friction between the rod and the bead is and gravity is neglected, then the time after which the bead starts slipping is @ £ “ (b) SE vo 1 © Var (4) infinitesimal & Explanation N = mal f= N= pmaL 9. A rod of length / falls on two metal pads of same height from a height . The coef- ficients of restitution of the metal pads are e, and e, (e, > e,). The angular veloc- ity of the rod after it recoils is(o) $4 fae , 4 ef2gh 2 gee +1 1 vee) SE Pah > Explanation After collision, the end A moves with a linear velocity =e, (gh. Whereas, end B moves with a velocity = ey 2gh. Relative velocity between the ends = e\2gh -e,/2gh Hence, angular velocity © = “te oo 10. A circular platform is free to rotate in @ horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing through its center. A tortoise is iting at the edge of the platform. Now, the platform is given an angular veloc- ity o, When the tortoise moves along a chord of the platform with a constant velocity (with respect to the platform), the angular velocity of the platform © (0) will vary with time f as Rotational Dynamics 1.67 ot) o, (a) elt) @ ; & Explanation As there is no external torque about the axis of rotation on the system of platform and tortoise, angular momentum will remain unchanged. As the tortoise moves moment of inertia of system will first decrease and then increase. Hence, angular velocity will first increase and then decrease. Also variation will not be linear. UNSOLVED OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS EXERCISE 1 1. A semicircular lamina of mass m has radius r and centre C. Its centre of mass is at a distance x from C. Its moment of inertia about on axis through: its cen- tre of mass and perpendicular to its plane is le (@) ym ) me (o) ome mae (d) Jona LY 2. Auniform rod of length 2 Cis placed with one end in contact with the horizontal table and is then inclined at an angle a to the horizontal and allowed to fall. When it becomes horizontal, its angular velocity will be| 1.68 Rotational Dynamics o = =) 2¢ Wise, (=) © o- Ee (@) o= [ £ ) going 3. A uniform circular disc of radius r is placed on a rough horizontal surface and given a linear velocity », and angular velocity w, as shown. The disc comes to rest after moving some distance to the right. It follows that 20,7 (b)2¥,=0,7 r (d)2v,=3.,r 4. A dise of radius R rolls without slipping with a velocity v,. Find the speed of the point A on the rim of dise at the moment shown, @ 2, 4 (©) yv3. (d) zero 5. One quarter sector is cut from a uniform circular disc of radius R. This sector has mass M. It is made to rotate about a line perpendicular to its plane and passing through the center of the original disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is tur? sve? (@) SMR (&) GMR’ (©) MR? (@ V2MR? 4 . Two particles A and B are moving as shown in the figure. At this moment of time the angular speed of A with respect to Bis @ 40,-%.) r 1 b) —G, +) r Be 2 ‘ (© Cosin®,+v,sin®,) in the anti- clockwise direction @ +6,sin®,-y,sin,) in the clockwise r direction. . A sphere kept on a rough inclined plane is in equilibrium by a string wrapped over it. If the angle of inclination is 0, the tension in the string will be equal to @) mg sind ) ae © mgsind (@ none of these10. A cylinder rolls up an inclined plane, reaches some height, and then rolls down (without slipping throughout these motions). The directions of the frictional force acting on the cylinder are (@) up the incline while ascending and down the incline while descending (b) up the incline while ascending as well as descending (© down the incline while ascending and up the incline while descending (@) down the incline while ascending as well as descending. ‘As shown in figure, a small block of mass mis at rest with respect to a smooth hemi- spherical bowl of radius R rotating with angular velocity « about its axis. Find the radius of the circle (r) over which block is moving as seen from ground. @ YORE a (b)R vo'R*+2° R NolR +2" ak © ~Se > eo oR, Athin wire of length Z and uniform linear mass density p is bent into a circular loop with centre at O as shown. The moment of inertia of the loop about the axis XX’ is ee by 2 © ge © lee Spl? 3ol © 16x? @ 8x° i. re 13. Rotational Dynamics 1.69 x: x" or *o A particle P is placed inside a hemispher- ical bowl which rotates about its vertical axis with a constant velocity o. It is just prevented from sliding down when OP is inclined at 45° with the axis, 0 being the center of the bowl. Radius of bowl =10V2 and p, the coefficient of friction between the particle and bowl is 0.5, g = 10 m/s’, The value of @ is w+ ) 1 3 B » 8 oy (3 A string is wrapped around a cylinder of radius R. If the cylinder is realased from rest, the vel of the cylinder, after it has moved fr distance will be (a) \2gh () Veh jah (a [48h OVS @ 3 R } A stick of length € and mass m lies on a frictionless horizontal surface on which it is free to move in any direction. A ball of same mass m moving with speed v, per pendicularly to this length and collide at the end of stick. Find the angular velocity when the collision is perfectly inelastic. 12% WU 24y, (a) (c) siRotational Dynamies 14, A hollow sphere of mass 2 kg is kept on 15. a rough horizontal surface. A force of 10V3_N is applied as shown in the fig- ure. Find the minimum value of ‘y’ so that the sphere starts pure rolling. (Take g=10m/s’) (a) 03 (b) 0.2 (©) 0.1 @ for no value of p it will start pure rolling F=10V3 N rH A spherical body of mass m, radius r and moment of inertia / about its centre moves along the x-axis. Its centre of mass moves with velocity = v, and it rotates about its centre of mass with angular velocity = «,. Let L = Iw, + mvp. The angular momentum of the body about the origin 0 is (@ Lonly ify, =o (b) greater then L,, ify, > @,7 (© less then L,, ify, > or (@ L, for all values of w, and v, 16. A sphere of mass M and radius r slips on a rough horizontal plane. At some instant it has translational velocity v, and rota- tional velocity about the centre x. The 7 rotational velocity when the sphere starts pure rolling is Yo Yo @ 3 @) 3 te a) 2% © 5 «d@) 7 17. The surface density of a thin circular dise of radius ‘a’ depends on the distance from the centre as fir) = A + Br, where A and B are constants. Its moment of inertia about the line perpendicular to the plane of the disc through its center is Aa‘ Ba’ @) anf + sel Aa’ Ba* () an : +e (ce) 2n{Aa’ +Ba‘} Aa, Ba @ an{Ae..Bel 18. A solid sphere is rolling on a rough sur- face, whose centre of mass is at C at a certain instant. Find at that instant it has angular velocity «. Its radius is R. Find the angular acceleration at that instant mass of sphere is m. Sad Sad © oR OTR sd(g+o°R) sd(g+o'R) Oye OF a"19, A dise is freely rotating with an angular speed w on a smooth horizontal plane, If it is hooked at a rigid pag P and rotates without bouncing. Its angular speed after the impact will be equal to o by 2 @o > @ OF (d) none of these BG 20. A uniform circular dise of radius r is placed on a rough horizontal surface and given a linear velocity y, and angular velocity «, as shown. The dise comes to rest after moving some distance to the right. It follows that (@ 3¥,=20,r © =a, r Pp 24, An this figure a body is moving with con- stant velocity v = 3mv/s along x-axis and also rotating about is centre with angular velocity =4 rod/see. Find the co-ordinate of the axis of pure rotation when centre of the body is 4 m from the origin. ® (+3) 6) (4,2) o(2) «le y «=4 rod/sec (0.0) Rotational Dynamics 1.71 22. A.uniform circular disc of radius r placed on a rough horizontal surface has ini- tially @ velocity y, and angular velocity @, as shown in the figure. The disc comes to rest (neither translates nor rotates) after Y%y moving some distance. Then ~* is TO, (a) 1 (b) 4 2 3 @) z @2 ATATTE 23. A cylinder of radius 10 em rides between two horizontal bars moving in opposite direction as shown in the figure. The location of the instantaneous axis of rota- tion and the angular velocity of the roller are respectively (There is no slipping at P or Q) (a) 8 cm from Q, 1.25 rad/s? (b) 8 cm from Q, 2.50 rad/s? (c) 15cm from Q, 1.25 rad/s? (d) 15m from Q, 2.50 rad/s? 15 mis 10 mis 24. A solid sphere of radius R is rolled by a force F acting at the top of the sphere as shown in the figure. There is no sli ping and initially sphere is in the rest position, then1. 28. 26. Rotational Dynamics oF Rough (a) work done by force F when the centre of mass moves a distance $ is 2FS. (b) speed of the c.m, when c.m. moves a distance $ is |20 RS 7M (c) Work done by the force F when c.m. moves a distance S is FS (4) speed of the c.m, when c.m, moves a distance S$ is ARS M A disc of mass M and radius R moves in the x-y plane as shown in the figure. The angular momentum of the dise at the instant shown is 3 nR% a) mR? about O ™ 5 it 7 UR? (6) FmR%e about 0 (c) pmo about A (@) 4mR?o about A y Al i Goma Oka 8 3R A uniform rod AB of mass m and length { is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal impulse P is applied to the end B perpendicular to the rod. The time taken by the rod to turn through a right angle is 27. 28. 29. mimi mnt iin oy ® 12P ©) 6P ml a a) Sf the () P (d) none of these A rod of mass M is dropped on a hori- zontal smooth surface from the position shown in the figure. It collides elastically the surface. After collision with the sur- face, the center of mass of rod rises to a height H,. Then (@) H,=H (b) H,>H (©) H,
VF [Ans. Resultant will be 2F acting at the middle point of AB and parallel to the diagonal AC] . Show that a cylinder will slip on an inclined plane if the coefficient of static friction between the plane and the = cylinder is less than 1/3 tan 6, where, 6 is the angle of inclination of the plane with the horizontal. ». A disc of radius R/2 is cut from a uniform disc of radius & = 0.2 m, as shown in the figure. The mass of the remaining shaded portion of the disc is m = 7.3 kg. Find the moment of inertia of the shaded portion of the dise about an axis passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular to its plane, [Ans. 0.15 kg-m?] Mg mg! . Aweightless thread with a body of massm tied to its end is wrapped around a uni- formsolid cylinderof mass Mand radius R shown in the figure At ¢= 0, the system is set in motion. dz (@) angular velocity of the cylinder, and (b) kinetic energy of the whole system, as a function of time. There is no friction anywhere.10. A body of mass M and radius R is rolling on a smooth horizontal plane without slipping with a velocity v. In the course of its rolling, it meets a rising slope and rolls up to a height 1 before stopping. Ifh 34, what is the MI. of the body? 8 What shape(s) it may have? [am -ME ‘A small sphere rolls down without slip- ping from the top of a track in a vertical plane. The track has an elevated section and a horizontal part. The horizontal part is 1.0 m above the ground level and the top of the track is 2.4 m above the ground. Find the distance on the ground with respect to the point B (which is vertically below the end of the track as shown in the figure) where the sphere lands. During its flight as a projectile, does the sphere continue to rotate about its centre of mass? (HIT, 1987] [Ans. 1.99 m] As shown in the figure, the mass of the pulley of radius R is M, and the masses of the two blocks are m, and m,. Find the angular acceleration of the pulley and the ratio of the tensions, “1, in the verti- 5 u. 12. Rotational Dynamics 1.75 cal sections of the threads, assuming that the thread does not slip over the pulley and the friction is absent. Ans. A square plate of mass M = 120 g and of side a = 5.0 cm is rotated about one of its sides as axis. Find the torque acting on the plate, if its angular acceleration is a= 0.2 radis*. [Ans. 2.0 x 10° N-m] A thin uniform bar lies on a frictionless horizontal surface and is free to move in any way on the surface. Its mass is 0.16 kg and length is /3 metre. Two particles, each of mass 0.08 kg are moving on the same surface and towards the bar in a direction perpendicular to the bar, one with a velocity of 10 m/s and the other with 6 m/s, as shown in the figure. The first particle strikes the bar at the point A and the other at point B, Points A and B are at a distance of 0.5 m from the centre of the bar. The particles strike the bar at the same instant of time and stick to the bar on coll mn. Calculate the loss of kinetic energy of the system in the above collision process. [UIT, 1989] O—> 10m/sA x O— 6mis A as aye [Ans. v= 4 m/s ; AE = 2.76 joules]16 Rotational Dynamics 13. A uniform cylinder of radius R, rotating about its axis with an angular velocity , is placed in a corner, as shown in the | figure. The friction coefficient between the corner walls and the cylinder is p. Find the number of turns the cylinder will complete before it stops. BC) Saag I+p Auniform dise of radius R rotating with an angular velocity «, is carefully placed on a horizontal surface. Find how long will the dise rotate on the surface. The friction coefficient between the dise and the horizontal surface is 1. . ‘Ans, 3,208 4 ag A thin uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane with: angular velocity ©. Another disc 14, 15. of same dimension but of mass a is placed gently on the first disc. Find the angular velocity of the combined system. [IIT, 1986] saat] 3 Acarpet of mass M made of inextensible material is rolled along its length in the form of a cylinder of radius R and is kept on a rough floor. The carpet starts rolling 16. | 417. 18. 19. without slipping on the floor when a negligibly small push is given to it. Cal- culate the horizontal velocity of the axis of cylindrical part of the carpet when its radius reduces to R/2. (IIT, 1990) i A uniform solid cylinder of mass m = 8.0 kg and of radius r = 1.3 cm as shown in the figure starts falling at time ¢ = 0 due to gravity. Find: (a) tensions in the threads and the angular acceleration of the falling cylinder, and (b) instantaneous power developed by the force of gravity as a function of time. Take mass of the thread negligible. [ Ans. (a)13N, (b) Snes] A. uniform disc of mass M and radius R is initially at rest with its axis fixed through the point O as shown in the figure. A block of mass m initially moving with speed v, on a frictionless surface passes over the disc to the dotted position. When it first makes contact with the disc, it slips on it. But the friction between the block and the disc is large enough so that slipping ceases hefore the block loses contact with the disc. Show that the final velocity of the block is given by My 4 2m ’, ‘A uniform bar of length 6a and mass 8m lies on a smooth horizontal table. Two point masses m and 2m moving in the same horizontal plane with speeds 2v and y, respectively, strike the bar as shown inRotational Dynamics 1.77 the figure and stick to the bar after collision. Denoting the angular velocity (about the centre of mass), total energy and centre of mass velocity by «, E and v, respectively, find the total energy of the system after the collision. ia v c¢—— 3a —_> 8m —— a 3 [= m nT, 1991} [| 20, A uniform solid cylinder of mass Mf and radius R rests on two horizontal sup- ports, A thread of negligible mass is wrapped on the cylinder and its hang- ing end is pulled vertically down with a constant force F as shown in the figure. What is the maximum value of the force that will not bring about any sliding of the cylinder? The friction coefficient between the cylinder and the horizontal support is p. [an ete | 2-3h, 24, A solid cylinder is attached to a hori- zontal massless spring so that it can roll without slipping along a horizon- tal surface as shown in the figure. The 22. force constant k of the spring is 3.0 N/m. if the system is released from rest at a position in which the spring is stretched 0.25m, find the translational and rota- tional kinetic energy of the cylinder as it passes through the equilibrium [Ans. 0.03125 5] A uniform solid cylinder of radius R rolls on a horizontal surface that passes into an inclined plane of inclination 6 shown in the figure. Find the maximum value of v, which still allows it to roll on the inclined surface without a jump. Assume that the cylinder rolls without sliding. [a Bo cos “9 ‘A homogeneous rod AB of length 1 = 1.8 m and mass m is pivoted at the centre O in such a way that it can rotate freely in a vertical plane as shown in the figure. The rod ly in the horizontal position. An insect of the same mass M falls verti- cally with speed v on the point C, midway between the point O and B. Immediately after falling, the insect moves towards the end B such that the rod rotates with a constant angular velocity «0.| 178 24, 25, (a) Determine the angular velocity in terms of v and /. (b) Ifthe insect reaches the end B, when the rod has rotated through an angle of 90°, determine v. tu, 1992) [ans (a) 2, (b) 346 ws] Show that if a spherical body of radius r rolls without slipping along a horizontal plane with velocity v, and reaches the plane inclined at an angle 9 with the hori- zontal, velocity »' with which it starts up the inclined plane is x oe ne r where X is the radius of gyration, It may be assumed that there is sufficient fric- tion to prevent slipping. A small body 4 of mass m is fixed to a thin rigid hoop of radius r and of mass equal to that of the body. This system rolls without slipping over a horizontal surface; at the instant when the body A gets into the lowest position, the centre of the hoop moves with velocity v, as shown in the figure. For what value of v, will the hoop move without bouncing? y= 26. A thin uniform rod of mass m and of length / rotates about a vertical axis with uniform angular velocity o. The upper end of the rod is hinged. Find the angle @ that the rod makes with the vertical. (m= (2 Aman of mass M stands on the edge of a horizontal uniform disc of mass m and of radius 2, which can rotate freely about a vertical axis passing through its centre. At time f, he starts moving along the edge of the disc, and after moving through an angle 0 relative to the disc, he stops. In the process of motion, his velocity with time varies as v((). Assuming m << M, find: (a) angle through which the disc had turned by the time the man stopped, and () moment of the force about the rotation axis with which the man acted on the 21 disc in the process of motion. Ans. (@) 249, oy) OR m+2M (42M) dr 28. A small disc of mass m and a thin uni- form rod of length / and of mass mut (nis a number) lie on a smooth horizon- tal plane. The dise is set into motion with velocity v in the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the length of the rod and it collides elastically with the end of the rod. Find the angular velocity of the rod after the collision. | 12v | o= W(44n) A rectangular rigid fixed block has a long horizontal edge. A solid homogeneous cylinder of radius R is placed horizon- tally at rest with its length parallel to the edge such that the axis of the cylinder and the edge of the block are in the same vertical plane as shown in the figure. There is sufficient friction present at the edge so that a very small displacement causes the cylinder to roll off the edge without slipping. Determine: 29.Rotational Dynamics 1.79 30. (a) the angle @, through which the cylinder rotates before it leaves contact with the edge. (b) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylinder before leaving contact with the edge, and (©) the ratio of the translational to rota- tional kinetic energies of the cylinder when its centre of mass is in horizontal line with the edge. . [IT, 1995] [am (a) 6, =cos" (F}er- Fer, 4 mer @E-A W6 E, mgr ‘Two thin circular discs of mass 2 kg and radius 10 cm each are joined by a mass- less red of length 20 cm. The axis of the rod is along the perpendicular to the planes of the discs through their centres as shown in the figure. This object is kept on a truck in such a way that the axis of the object is horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the truck. Its friction with the floor of the truck is large enough so that the object can roll on the truck without slipping. Take x-axis as ‘the direction of motion of the truck and z-axis as the vertically upward direction, If the truck has an acceleration of 9 m/s’, calculate 3h. z (a) the force of friction on each disc. (b) the magnitude and the direction of the frictional torque acting on each disc about the centre of mass O of the object. Express the torque in the vector form in terms of unit vectors 7,7 and & in the x, y and z directions. [IT, 1997) [Ans. (a) 6Ni, (b) 0.6V2 N-m ] ‘A wedge of mass m and triangular cross- section (AB = BC = CA = 2R) is moving with a constant velocity —sf towards a sphere of radius R fixed on a smooth horizontal table as shown in the figure. The wedge makes an elastic collision with the fixed sphere and returns along the same path without any rotation. Neglect all friction and suppose that the wedge remains in contact with the sphere for a very short time Ar, during which the sphere exerts a constant force F on the wedge. (a) Find the force F and also the normal force Vexerted by the table on the wedge during the time Ar. (b) Let h denote the perpendicular distance between the centre of mass of the wedge and the line of action of F . Find the magnitude of the torque due to the normal force ’ about the centre of the wedge, during the intemal Ar. (IT, 1998]1.80 Rotational Dynamics 2mv +m) tne v3ar ye BA 32, Aman pushes a cylinder of mass m, with the help of a plank of mass m,, as shown in the figure. There is no slipping at any contact. The horizontal component of the force applied by the man is F. Find: (a) the acceleration of the plank and the centre of mass of the cylinder, and () magnitudes and directions of the fric- tional forces at contact points. IIT, 1999] 8F Ans. (a) a, =——~"—; a, =" _, ne (2), Sam, tam 48m, (Ey 3m, +8m,° 3m,+8m,Rotational Dynamics 1.81 QUESTION BANK 1. A body is rotating. Is it necessarily being. acted upon by an extemal torque? “2. Why spokes are fitted in the cycle wheel? 3. What is the use of fly wheel in railway engine? 4, Why it is more difficult to revolve a stone by tieing it to a longer string than by tieing it to a shorter string? 5. A thin wheel can stay upright on its rim for a considerable length of time when rolled with a considerable velocity, while it falls from its upright position at the slightest disturbance, when stationary. Explain. 6. A person sits near the edge of a circular platform revolving with a uniform angu- lar speed. What will be the change in the motion of the platform? When the person starts moving from the edge towards the centre of the platform? 7. How a swimmer jumping from a height, is able to increase the number of loops made in the air? 8. A man standing on the tum table raises his hands suddenly. What happens? 9. Why there are two propellers in a helicopter? 10. You are given two circular discs of equal masses and thickness but made of differ- ent materials. Which one will have a larger moment of inertia about its central axis and why? 11. How can you distinguish between a hard boiled egg and a raw egg by spinning them on a table top? 12. The cap of the pen can easily be opened with the help of two fingers than with one finger. Why? 13. Why the speed of whirlwind in a tornado is alarmingly high? 1. The moment of inertia of a door of mass m, length 2@ and width £ about its longer side is int? 2 o tb me © ne (d) None of these 2. ‘Two points of a rod move with velocities 3 vand v perpendicular to the rod and in the same direction, separated by a distance r. Then the angular velocity of the rod is (a) 3 wr (b) 4 vir (©) 5S vir @) 2vr 3. In the pulley system shown, if radii of the bigger and smaller pulley are 2 m and 1 m respectively and the acceleration of block A is 5 m/s" in the downward direction, then the acceleration of block B will be LLL LLLLL [B] (a) 0 m/s? (b) 5 mis? (c) 10 m/s* (d) 5/2 mis* 4. A shell is fired from a canon with velocity v m/sec at an angle @ with the horizontal direction. At the highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces of equal mass.1.82 Rotational Dynamics One of the pieces retraces its path to the cannon and the speed in misec of the other piece immediately after the explosion is (a) 3 v cos @ (b) 2 vos 0 (©) 3/2 veos 0 (d) (V3/2 veos6) Consider the following two statements (A) Linear momentum of the system remains constant, (B) Centre of mass of the system remains at rest. (a) A implies B and B implies 4 (b) A does not imply B and B does not imply 4 (c) A implies B but B does not imply 4 (d) B implies A but 4 does not imply B A sphere is released on a smooth inclined plane from the top. When it moves down its angular momentum is (a) conserved about every point (b) conserved about the point of contact only (c) conserved about the centre of the sphere only (d) conserved about any point on a line par- allel to the inclined plane and passing through the centre of the ball. A ball hits a fixed surface with a velocity i at an angle @ with the normal to the surface at the point of impact and rebounds from it at an angle B with the surface. Then (A) ps6 (B) B26 (© Coefficient of restitution = 228 tanB (D) Coefficient of restitution = 288 tan® (a) B,C (b) A, D () &D @ A,B A.uniform rod of mass M and length lies radially on a disc rotating with angular speed @ in a horizontal plane about its axis. ‘The rod does not stip on the disc and the centre of the rod is at a distance R from the centre of the disc. Then the kinetic energy of the rod is 10. ul. dl 3 23 (a) 3" (« oF (&) | neo? R 2 1 as J nwt © 3qme (@ None of these If the external force acting on a system has zero resultant the centre of mass (a) Must not move (b) Must not accelerate (©) May accelerate (@) None of these A non-zero external force acts on a system of particles, The velocity and the accelera- tion of the centre of mass are found to be v, and a, at an instant ¢. It is possible that (@) 4=0,4,=0 — (b) v=0,a,40 © ¥,#0.a,#0° (A) None of these A planar object made up of a uniform square plate and four semicircular dises of the same thickness and material is being acted upon by four forces of equal magni- tude as shown in figure. y The coordinates of point of application of forces is given by12. 13. 14. (a) (0, a) (b) (0, -a) (c) (a, 0) @ Ca, 0) A disc is performing pure rolling on a smooth stationary surface with constant angular velocity as shown in figure. At any instant, for the lower most point of the dise vi (a) Velocity is v, acceleration is zero (b) Velocity is 2ero, acceleration is zero (©) velocity is v, acceleration is 7/R (d) velocity is zero, acceleration is v/R Ahand ball falls on the ground and rebounds elastically along the same line of motion. ‘Then (a) The linear momentum is conserved (b) The linear momentum is not conserved, the loss in momentum being dissipated as heat in the ball and the ground (©) During the collision the: full kinetic energy of the ball is converted into potential energy and then is completely converted to kinetic energy of the ball (d) None of these A sphere of radius r and mass m has a linear velocity v, directed to the left and no angu- lar velocity as it is placed on a belt moving to the right with a constant velocity v,, If after sliding on the belt the sphere is to have no linear velocity relative to the ground as it starts rolling on the belt without sliding, in terms of v, and the coefficient of kinetic friction 1, between the sphere and the belt, determine the required value of v, 15, 16, 17. 18. 19, Rotational Dynamics 1.83 (a) (2/5) v, (b) (3/5) v, (c) (1/5) v, (d) 3v, In the above question the time r, at which the sphere will start rolling on the belt @ 2 (by SE SW We 2y, ¥, °) = @ — © She ) Aue In the above question, the distance the sphere will have moved relative to the ground at time f, is ve yt (a) 4 (b) —— 25u,g Sug wy 2v (On (d) — Shs Sms ‘A rotating star has a period of 30 days about an axis passing through its centre. The star undergoes an internal explosion and con- verts to a neutron star. Initial radius of the core was 1.0 ¥ 10 km, whereas, final radius is 3.0 km. Determine the period of rotation of the neutron star, (a) 2.7 « 10 days (c) 4.1 « 10 days (b) 1.7 « 10 days (4) 5.2 « 10 days A sphere of mass ‘m’ is given some angular velocity about a horizontal axis through its centre and gently placed on a plank of mass ‘m’. The coefficient of friction between the two is 41. The plank rests on a smooth horizontal surface, The initial acceleration of the plank is, (a) zero (b) (7/5) pg (©) we @2ug A uniform ladder of length 5 m and mass 100 kg is in equilibrium between vertical smooth wall and rough horizontal surface.1.84 Rotational Dynamics 20. 21. ‘Wall fa Floor Find minimum friction coefficient between floor and ladder for this equilibrium (a) 23 (b) 172 (©) 3/4 @ 13 The spool shown in figure is placed on a rough horizontal surface has inner radius r and outer radius R. The angle @ between the applied force and the horizontal can be varied. The critical angle (0) for which the spool does not roll and remains stationary is given by 2r = cos'{ mcos {20 (a) @=cos (z) () 8 =cos (=) esint(Z a (d) O=sin (2) The free end of a thread wound on a bob- bin is passed round a nail 4 hammered into the wall. The thread is pulled at a constant velocity. Assuming pure rolling of bobbin, find the velocity v, of the centre of the bob- bin at the instant when the thread forms an angle « with the vertical. (©) O=c0: @ wR vR Rsina-r Rsina+r wR ig) 2 os © Rina rs 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 21. 28. In above question find the condition when bobbin moves to right (a) Rsina=r (b) Rsina. > r (©) Rsina
r (© Rsina
& mg & mgs © Fara (@) Sand string is wrapped around a cylinder of mass ‘mand radius R. The string is pulled vertically upward to prevent the centre of mass from falling as the cylinder unwinds the string. The length of the string unwound when the cylinder has reached a speed @ will be Ro Ro? Oleg OR Ro Ro O be Oe A uniform rod of length 2 € is placed with one end in contact with the horizontal table and is then inclined at an angle o. to the horizontal and allowed to fall. When it becomes horizontal, its angular velocity will be @ =r) a (b) o= { @.[& g18 SU 3g: (©) o= ( @ o- ( - } gsing ‘Aimass M is supported by a massless string wound round a uniform cylinder of mass M and radius R. On releasing the system from rest, the acceleration of mass M is @) g (©) g2 © 23)g (d) depends on Three thin uniform rods each of mass M and length Z are placed along the three axis of a cartesian coordinate system with one end of cach rod at the origin. The M.I. of the system about z-axis is (a) ML23 (©) ML7%6 3. 3 gif (b) (2/3)ML? (4) ML? Rotational Dynamics 1.89 70. A metre stick is held vertically with one end on the floor and is then allowed to fall. The speed of the other end when it hits the floor assuming that the end at floor docs not slip, is (g = 9.8 m/sec’) (a) 3.2 misec (b) 5.4 m/sec (c) 7.6 m/sec (d) 9.2 m/sec 71. Asmall block of mass ‘mn’ is rigidly attached at ‘P’ to aring of mass ‘3 m’ and radius *r’ ‘The system is released from rest at 0 = 90° and rolls without sliding. Pp The angular acceleration of hoop just after telease is (a) g/4r (b) g/8r (©) g/3r (@) g/2r 72. A uniform rod hinged at its one end is allowed to rotate in vertical plane. Rod is given an angular velocity @ in its vertical position as shown in figure. A The value of @ for which the force exerted by the hinge on rod is O in this position is a) JE 2 @ ff 7 () g 3g ce) J d f= © Vor OV 73. A disc of mass M and radius R can rotate freely about a horizontal shaft at S distant rLL. | 1.90 Rotational Dynamics 74. 15. from the centre of mass of the disc. The disc is released from the position shown in the figure, its angular acceleration will be (a) (©) 7 r +r A block of mass 2 kg hangs from the rim of, a wheel of radius 0.5 m. On releasing from rest the block falls through 5 m height in 2s, The moment of inertia of the wheel will be (a) [kgm (b) 3.2 kg m? (c) 2.5kgm (d) LS kgm? If the rotational kinetic energy of a body is increased by 300% then the percentage increase in its angular momentum will be (a) 600% (b) 150% (c) 100% (d) 1500% 76. A force of (2/-4}+2k) Newton acts at a point (37 +27-4) metre from the origin. ‘The magnitude of torque is (a) zet0 (b) 24.4 Nem (©) 0.244 Nm (@) 2.444 N-m 71. A thin wire of length { and mass m is bent in the form of a semicircle. z z Its moment of inertia about an axis joining its free ends will be (a) zero (b) me me me Oa @oF 78. Three rings, each of mass P and radius Q are arranged as shown in the figure. The ‘moment of inertia of the arrangement about YY" axis will be ¥ | 1 2 P AN i a, \s Se y a ) SPO = (@) 3Po°79. Asolid sphere, a hollow sphere and a disc, all having same mass and radius, are placed at the top of an incline and released. The friction coefficients between the objects and the incline are same and not sufficient to allow pure rolling. Least time will be taken in reaching the bottom by (2) the solid sphere (b) the hollow sphere (©) the dise (@) all will take same time. 80. Inthe previous question, the smallest kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline will be achieved by (2) the solid sphere (b) the hollow sphere (©) the disc (@) all will achieve same kinetic energy. 1, Assuming potential energy *U" at ground level to be zero. All objects are made up of same material. U, = Potential energy of solid sphere U, = Potential energy of solid cube U, = Potential energy of solid cone U, = Potential energy of solid cylinder @ U,>U, (b) U,> U, © U,7U, (© U>U, 2, In the figure, the disc D does not slip on the surface 5. The pulley P has mass, and the string does not slip on it. The string is wound around the dise. Rotational Dynamics 1.91 P 3 B) (a) The acceleration of the block B is double the acceleration of the centre of D (b) The force of friction exerted by D on $ acts to the left. (©) The horizontal and the vertical sections of the string have the same tension. (d) The sum of the kinetic energies of D and B is less than the loss in the poten- tial energy of B as it moves down. . A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its centre C moves with a constant speed u. P is any point on the ring. The speed of P with respect to the ground is v (a) OSvs2u (b) v =u, if CP is horizontal (©) v=, if CP makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal and P is below the hori- zontal level of C (d) v= 2u, if CP is horizontal . Arod AC of length € and mass m is kept on a horizontal smooth plane. Itis free to rotate and move. A particle of same mass m mov- ing on the plane with velocity v strikes rod at point B making angle 37° with the rod. The collision is elastic. After collision1.92 ” > 7 Rotational Dynamics (@) The angular velocity of the rod will be By 55€ (b) The centre of the rod travel a distance in the time in which it makes half rotation (©) impulse of the 24 mv/44 (@) None of these impact force is A disc of circumference s is at rest at a point A on a horizontal surface when a constant horizontal force begins to act on its centre. Force B Mo Between 4 and B there is sufficient fric- tion to prevent stipping, and the surface is smooth to the right of B, AB = s. The disc moves from A to 8 in time T. To the right of B (a) the angular acceleration of the disc will disappear, linear acceleration will remain uncharged (b) linear acceleration of the disc will increase (©) the dise will make one rotation in time T/2 (d) the disc will cover a distance greater than s in further time T A particle of mass m is travelling with a constant velocity #=%,/ along the line y = b, z= 0. Let dd be the area swept out by the position vector from origin to the particle in time df and [, the magnitude of angular momentum of particle about origin at any time ¢. Then (a) £ = constant dA_2L ©) am (b) L # constant dA_L (d@ aE - 2m ‘A small ball (uniform solid sphere) of ‘mass m is released from the top of a wedge of the same mass m. The wedge is free to move on a smooth horizontal surface. The ball rolls without sliding on the wedge. The required height of the wedge are mentioned in the figure. Which of the following statement about the above system is/are true (a) The speed of the wedge when the ball is just going to leave the wedge at point P of the wedge is /gh (b) The total kinetic energy of the ball just before it falls on the ground is (31/18) mgh (©) The horizontal separation between the ball and the edge ‘PQ” of wedge just before the ball falls on the ground is 2vi0, 3 (@) Horizontal component of the centre of the ball and the velocity of the wedge will be equal in magnitude at every instant. . P is the centre of mass of four point masses A, B, C and D which are coplanar but not collinear. (a) P may or may not coincide with one of the point masses. (b) P must lie within the quadrilateral ABCD (c) P must lie within or on the edge of at least one of the triangles formed by tak- ing 4, B, Cand D three at a time. (@ P must lie on a line joining two of the point 4, B, C and D A bag of mass M hangs by a long thread and a bullet (mass m) comes horizontally with10. i velocity v and gets caught in the bag. Then for the combined system (bag + bullet) (a) Momentum is mv/(M+ m) (b) KE is (1/2) Mi (©) Momentum is mv (@) KE is m7/2(M + mi) Asolid cone anda solid sphere is arranged as shown in the figure. The centre of mass is (Ry Py m,) axis (Re PM) (a) at 3R if m, = m,= mand R,=R, (b) at 28 from the centre of mass of solid cone if p, =p, and R, = R, (©) Ifp, =2p, then distance from the centre of solid cone is 11R/3 (@) (@) and (b) The diagram shows a uniform solid cylin- der of mass M and length 2¢. XY and PQ are axes passing through the centre of the cylinder and parallel to its plane face. (a) If the moment of inertia of the cylinder about the axis XY is J, the moment of inertia about PQ is also /. (b) The moment of inertia of the cylinder about its axis X° Y' is 2/ (©) The moment of inertia about a diameter of one end is 1+. (@) All of the above Rotational Dynamic: 12. A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is pulled horizontally on a sufficiently rough surface as shown in the figure. Rough Choose the correct alternative. (a) The acceleration of the centre of mass is FIM. (b) The acceleration of the centre of mass is (c) The friction force on the sphere acts forward. (d) The magnitude of the friction force is FI3. 13. A pair of uniform identical wires are bent into semicircular rings, and then glued together so that the two rings have a common centre but the planes of the semicircles are mutually perpendicular as shown in the figure Note that B is the common mid-point of the semicircular rings, while O is the centre of the rings. If m is the total mass of the sys- tem and R is the radius of the rings. Which of the following statement is true. (a) Moment of inertia of the system about the axis OB is given by mR? (b) Moment of inertia of the system about the axis OB is given by mR?/2. (c) Radius of gyration of the system about the axis OB is given by R/V2. (d) Radius of gyration of the system about the axis OB is given by R. 14. A disc of radius X rolls on a horizontal surface with linear velocity V and angular velocity «.[1.94 Rotational Dynamics 15. 16. There is a point P on circumference of disc at angle , which has a vertical velocity. Here, 0 is equal to (@) resin? LH Bag Ra (b) ain Ro ab av (c) n-cos' me (d) x+c0s a A circular disc of mass M, and radius R, initially moving with an angular speed @, about the horizontal centroidal axis is brought in contact with another stationary circular disc of mass M, and radius R, as shown in the figure. Initial Final (a) Friction force decelerates the disc M, and accelerates the disc M,. (b) The final angular speeds of the dises are ‘ o_& in the ratio —=—. o, Rk (c) The angular momentum of the system (M, + M) is conserved about the point of contact. (d) The final rotational energy is less than the initial rotational energy. Four identical rods, each of mass m and length €, are joined to form a rigid square frame. The frame lies in the xy plane, with its centre at the origin and the sides parallel to the x and y axis. Its moment of inertia about (a) the x-axis is ame (b) the z-axis is $met (©) and axis parallel to the z-axis and pass- ing through a comer is Re? (@) one side is Sme 17. A horizontal disc rotates freely about a verti- cal axis through its centre. A ring, having the same mass and radius as the disc, is now gen- tly placed on the disc. After some time, the two rotate with a common angular velocity. (a) Some friction exists between the disc and the ring. (b) The angular momentum of the’ ‘disc plus ring’ is conserved. (c) The final common angular velocity is (2/3) rd of the initial angular velocity of the disc. (@) (2/3) rd of the initial kinetic energy changes to heat. Direction: Each question contains state- ment 1 (Assertion) and statement 2 (Reason). Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which only one is correct. (a) Statement | is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is a correct explanation for Statement 1. Statement | is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is not a correct explanation for Statement 1. : Statement | is True, Statement 2 is False. Statement | is False, Statement 2 is True. (b) © @ 1, Statement 1: When you lean behind over the hind legs of the chair, the chair falls back after a certain angle. Statement 2: Centre of mass lying outside the system makes the system unstable. 2, Statement 1: A rigid disc rolls without slip- ping on a fixed rough horizontal surface with uniform angular velocity. Then the accelera- tion of lowest point on the disc is zero. Statement 2: For a rigid disc rolling with- out slipping on a fixed rough horizontal surface, the velocity of the lowest point on the disc is always zero.3. Statement 1: A uniform thin rod of length L is hinged about one of its end and is free to rotate about the hinge without friction. Neglect the effect of gravity. A force F is applied at a distance x from the hinge on the rod such that force always is perpendicular to the rod. As the value of x is increased from zero to L, the component of reaction by hinge on the rod perpendicular to length of rod increases. Statement 2: Under the conditions given in statement 1 as x is increased from zero to L, the angular acceleration of rod increases. 4. Statement 1: If two different axes are at same distance from centre of mass of a rigid body, then moment of inertia of the given rigid body about both axis will always be same. ‘Statement 2: From parallel axis is theorem i= 1,, + md, where all terms have usual meaning. 5. Statement 1: A uniform cubical block (of side a) undergoes translational motion on a smooth horizontal surface under action of horizontal force F as shown. — FT a ala} Under the given condition, the horizon- tal surface exerts normal reaction non- uniformly on lower surface of the block. Statement 2: For the cubical block given in statement-1, the horizontal force F has tendency to rotate the cube about its centre in clockwise sense. Hence, the lower right edge of cube presses the horizontal surface harder in comparison to the force exerted by lower left edge of cube on horizontal surface, 6, Statement 1: A wheel moving down a fric~ tionless inclined plane will slip and not roll on the plane, Statement 2; It is the frictional force which provides a torque necessary for a body to roll on a surface. Rotational Dynamics 1.95 7. Statement 1: When a sphere rolls on a horizontal table it slows down and eventu- ally stops. Statement 2: When the sphere rolls on the table, both the sphere and the surface deform near the contact. As a result, the normal force does not pass through the cen- tre and provide an angular deceleration. Direetion: Each question contains statements given in two columns which have to be matched, Statements (a, b, c, d) in column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r,s) in column I. 1. The diagram shows a rough inclined plane with inclination 6. A horizontal disc rotat- ing with angular velocity « (clockwise) is gently placed on the rough plane. Column I Column It (a) If the coefficient (p) Downward of friction is tan 8, along the then linear acceler- inclined ation of the disc is plane (b) Ifcoefficient of (q) Zero friction is less than tan 9, then linear acceleration of the disc is (©) Direction of fric- (r) Perpendicu- tion force is lar to plane of disc (d) Angular accelera- (s) Upward tion of disc is along the in- clined plane 2. A uniform disc rolls without slipping on 4 rough horizontal surface with uniform angular velocity. Point O is the centre of disc and P is a point on disc as shown1.96 Rotational Dynamics In each situation of column | a statement is given and the corresponding results are given in column II, Match the statements in column J with the results in column II. Column I Column IL (a) The velocity of (p) Change in point P on disc magnitude with time (b) The acceleration —_(q) Is always of point P on dise directed from that point (the point on disc given in column 1) (©) The tangential ac- (r) is always zero celeration of point Pondisc (d) The acceleration (s) is non-zero of point on disc and remains which isin contact constant in with rough hori- magnitude zontal surface. A disc of radius R is rolling with angular velocity ©, angular acceleration o. and linear acceleration a, along x-direction. There are 4 points A, B, C, and D on the disc as shown. Column I (@) Acceleration of point A, (b) Acceleration of point B (c) Acceleration of point C (d) Acceleration of point D Column TI (p) y(a+a*Ry? +(ary* (@) Vla+aRy +(@*RY () y(a-aRy +(@°R) (s) J(a-o? RY +(aR)? . In each situation of column J, a uniform disc of mass m and radius R rolls on a rough fixed horizontal surface as shown. At f = 0 (initially) the angular velocity of disc is 4 and velocity of centre of mass of disc is v, (in horizontal direction). The relation between v, and @, for each situation and also initial sense of rotation is given for each situation in column J. Match the state- ments in column I with the corresponding results in column II. Column 1 (v,< Re)@ , (¥,< Reg) A Column IE (p) The angular momentum of disc about point 4 remains conserved. . (@ The kinetic energy of disc after it starts rolling without slipping is less than its initial kinetic energy. (®) In the duration disc rolls with slipping, the friction acts on disc towards left. (8) In the duration disc rolls with slipping, the friction acts on disc for sometime to right and for sometime to left. Match the column I with column II and select the correct answer using the codes iven below ‘Column I (Rigid bodies) (a) Right circular cone of base radius R, mass m and altitude h perpendicular to its axis of symmetry and passing through its apex end, (b) A bent homogenous rod of mass m about the diagonal axis. (©) Aregular polygon of mass Mand num- ber of sides equal to 1 and edge length c about any straight line through its centre. (@) A hollow cylinder of inner radius R,, outer radius R, and length 1 through mid-point and perpendicular to axis. Column I (number of inertia) ©) fms? @ Me? 2+cos(2n/n) D 34" T=cox(2n/n) RR oo S24.2) 3 (RP. © bof). 6. Match the column Column I (Initially) y @ oad” R y @ 2” R y © v ont 2R Column II (When rolling begins) (p) v,, is towards left in case of ring (@) v,.. is towards left in case of solid sphere (®) ¥v,,, is towards right in case of ring (S) v,,, is towards right in case of solid sphere 7. A spherical ball is rolled without slipping ona table of height /. Ata particular instant when the ball is in air, the x and y compo- nents of the velocity of the C. M. are v, and v, respectively as shown. Rotational Dynamics 1.97 |al 1.98 Rotational Dynamics Column II @) yity Column (a) Angular momen- tum about center of mass of the ball is (b) Linear momentum of the ball when in air is @», (c) Total rotational ki- netic energy of the ball is (@) Velocity of the point P at the in- stant shown is (®) Conserved (s) Not conserved 8 Acrod of mass m and length ( is lying on a table. At some instant velocity of end 4 is v and angular velocity @ = 4v / 3. Col- umn I gives angular momentum of the rod about an axis perpendicular of the rod and passing through points and column II the corresponding angular momentum /, stands for moment of inertia when the axis passes through corresponding point A, B, C or D Column I Columa II (a) passing through (p) Jo (b) passing through Bq) mv€/18 (c) passing through (0) mvt/9 (d) passing through (s) 5 mv€/18 PASSAGE-1 Consider a long, solid, rigid, regular hexagonal prism like a common type of pencil (Figure). ‘A solid prism with the cross-section of a regular hexagon *\ The mass of the prism is Mand it is uniformly distributed. The length of each side of the cross- sectional hexagon is a, The moment of inertia Zof the hexagonal prism about its central axis is T= (5/12) Ma® The moment of inertia / about an edge of the prism is J‘ = Uta. The prism is initially at rest with its axis hori- zontal on an inclined plane which makes a small angle with the horizontal (figure). Assume that the surfaces of the prism are slightly concave so that the prism only touches the plane at its edges. The effect of this concavity on the moment of in- ertia can be ignored. The prism is now displaced from rest and starts an uneven rolling down the plane. Assume that friction prevents any sliding and that the prism does not lose contact with the plane. The angular velocity just before a given edge hits the plane is o, while o, is the angular velocity immediately after the impact. We may write o,=s 0, ‘Ahexagonal prism lying on an inclined plane. 1. The value of the coefficient *s” (a) 11/17 (17/11 (e) /17 @ 12/17 2. ‘The kinetic energy of the prism just before and after impact is similarly X, and K, We may write K, = rK, and value of the coef- ficient r (a) 121/17 (b) 121/289 (c) 12/17 @ 17/12 3. For the next impact to occur K, must exceed a minimum value K,,,,, which may be writ- ten in the form K, .,, = 8Mga where g = 9.81 m/s* is the acceleration of gravity the coefficient 8 in terms of the slope angle @ and the coefficient r (a) 6=1<-singor-0)) r (0) 6 =4(-cosor-0)) r(© 5=1<¢-tanGor-0)) r (@) 5=1(-see(30°-0)) r 4. If the condition of previous Question is satisfied, the kinetic energy K,, will approach a fixed value X,, , as the prism rolls down the incline K,, ,= K Mg a, K is equal to @ cosO ® tan8 1-r l-r sin® I-r or © PASSAGE-2 A uniform sphere with mass 2m and radius 2r is at rest in a place where no extemal forces are applied. Asecond sphere of mass m and radius r moves towards it with a velocity v (without rotating). The two spheres stick together and then continue their motion as one body. [Given that d= 2r] 5 The distance of the centre of mass of sys- tem from the centre of bigger sphere at the moment of collision is @r © 3 (b) 2r (da) ar 6. The velocity of centre of mass immediately after the collision is @ w3 (b) 203 (©) 3v/2 (d) 25 7. The moment of inertia about the center of mass of the unified body afer the collision is 48 48 @) ge (b) 3 «© Bay 2h, (@ mr Rotational Dynamics 1.99 8. The angular momentum about the center of mass shortly before and after the collision (a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (qd) none of these 9. The kinetic energy of the body after the col- lision is Lv? my @) 34 ©) Tos 1m Vimy? die @ © 34 © “Tes PASSAGE-3 Figure shows a uniform square plate from which four identical squares at the corners can be removed. ki f 4 Bi If the centre of mass of the complete plate is at the origin. 10. Where will be the centre of mass after the removal of square 1 (a) In the first quadrant (b) In the second quadrant (©) In the third quadrant (d) In the fourth quadrant 1M. In above question, where will be the centre of mass after the removal of square 1 and 2 (a) On the y-axis, below the origin, (b) On the y-axis above the origin (©) In the third quadrant, (@) In the fourth quadrant. 12. In the above question, where will be the centre of mass after the removal of squares 1,2 and 3 (a) In the third quadrant (b) In the fourth quadrant (©) In the first quadrant (@) At the origin1.100 _ Rotational Dynamics 13. In the above question, where will be the centre of mass after the removal of squares Land 3 Wa) Atthe origin (b) In the first quadrant (©) In the third quadrant (@) In the second quadrant PASSAGE4 The figure shows an isosceles triangular plate of mass M and base L. The angle at the apex is 90” The apex lies at the origin and the base is par- allel to y-axis. 14. The moment of inertia of the plate about the z-axis is MP ML @ a> OF 2 o% (@) None of these 15, The moment of inertia of the plate about the x-axis is ML ME os os ML ME (©) oe @ e 16. The moment of inertia of the plate about its base parallel to the x-axis is ME ML @"s © 36 2 © ee (€) None of these 17. The moment of inertia of the plate about the y-axis is ME ML @ e: (ob) —— 2 ot (@ None of these PASSAGE-S Rod AB of length 20 m is moving on an smooth horizontal plane with v, = 10 m/s and rotating with @ — 2 rad/sec in anti-clock wise direction. A V,= 10mis 18. Velocity of ends 4 and B when velocity of CMis perpendicular to rod are (@) 30 ms, 10 m/s (0) 10 m/s, 30 m/s (c) 15 mis, 25 m/s (d) 25 ms, 15 m/s 19. When velocity of CM is perpendicular to the rod, the distance of point ‘P* from cen- tre which is instantaneously at rest is (a) Sm (b) 2.5 m (©) 75m (8m 20. The time ¢, at which velocity of point P becomes maximum is (At f= 0 velocity of CM is perpendicular to rod) x ® @* w* o% (a) None of these 21. Distance travelled by C.O.M. during time t=Otor (@) 750 (b) Sx (©) 25m (d) None of these 22. Velocity of point P at time t = 1, is @ 2¥, (b) V2, Oy (d) v2PASSAGE-6 A ring of mass M and radius R sliding with a ve-. locity v, suddenly enters into rough surface where the coefficient of friction is p, as shown in figure 23. Choose the incorrect statement. Rough (1) (a) The friction does negative translational work (b) The friction does positive rotational work (©) The net work done by friction is zero (@) Friction force converts translational kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy in rotational kinetic energy 24. Velocity of centre of mass of the ring when it starts rolling motion is (a) v/4 (b) v/2 © v3 (d) 2/3 25. Linear distance moved by the centre of ‘mass of the ring on the rough surface when it starts rolling is 2? @ oe O% He Sy, Oo 1. Three particles A, B, C, of mass 2, 3, 4 kg are at points (1, 4), (3, 6), (2, 1) in the xy plane. Find the coordinate of their centre of gravity 2. Three particles of mass 5, 3, 7 kg are at the points 4, B, C whose position vectors are i-2 5}. Find the position vector of their centre of mass. Also find the position vector of the centroid of the points A,B,C. Rotational Dynamics 1.101 . A.rod of weight w is supported by two paral- lel knife edges 4 and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal position. The knives are at a distance d from each other. The centre of mass of the rod is at a distance x from A. Find the normal reactions at 4 and B. . A uniform lamina is in the form of a trape- zium ABCD where, AB and DC are the par- allel sides. Show that the centre of gravity of the trapezium lies on the line joining the mid-points of 4B and DC. . The vertices of a triangle are at the points i+j,3/-j,2i+]. Find the position vec- tor of the centre of gravity of the triangle, assuming it to be a uniform lamina. .. Show that the centre of gravity of a uniform lamina in the form of a parallelogram is at the point of intersection of the diagonals. . By dividing a parallelogram into two ti- angles show that the centre of gravity of a lamina in the form of a parallelogram is the same point as the centre of gravity of four particles, two of mass m at one pair of opposite vertices and two of mass 2m at the other pair of opposite vertices. . A uniform solid body consists of a cylinder of radius 2a and height 2/ with another cylinder of radius a and height / with one plane face placed centrally on one plane face of the first cylinder. Find the position of the centre of gravity of the solid. A rod of length R and mass M is free to rotate about a horizontal axis passing through hinge P as in figure. First itis taken aside such that it becomes horizontal and then released. At the lowest point the rod hits the block B of mass m and stops. Find the ratio of masses such that the block B completes the circle. Neglect any friction.1.102 __ Rotational Dynamics 10. A uniform cube of side a and mass m rests on a rough horizontal table. A horizontal force F is applied normal, to one of the faces at a point that is directly above the centre of the face, at a height 34/4 above the base. Find the minimum value of F for which the cube begins to tip about an edge. (assume that cube does not slide). Bald TTT 11. The ladder shown in figure has negligible mass and rests on a frictionless floor. The crossbar connects the two legs of the ladder at the middle. The angle between the two legs is 60°. The fat person sitting on the ladder has a mass of 80 kg. Find the contact force exerted by the floor on each leg and the tension in the crossbar. 12. A vertical post of mass M is to be driven into the ground. A pile-driver of mass m strikes the post vertically with a velocity v. Assuming that the pile-driver does not bounce off the post, find the velocity with which the post enters the ground. If the combined mass comes to rest when the post has beep driven into the ground toa depth h find the constant force with which the ground resists penetration. 13. A flywheel starting from rest acquires in 10 sec an angular velocity of 240 revolu- tions per minute. What is its angular accel- eration assumed constant? 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2. 22. 24. The angular velocity of a wheel increases from 1200 to 4500 rev/min in 10 sec. Com- pute its angular acceleration and the num- ber of revolutions made during this time. A wheel starting from rest, is rotating with a constant angular acceleration of 3.0 rad/ sec?, An observer notes that it traces an angle of 120 radians in a 4.0 sec interval. For how long the wheel has been rotated when the observer started his observation? An automobile engine develops 100 kilo- watt when rotating at a speed of 1800 rev/ min, What torque does it deliver? A 1 m long road has a mass of 0.12 kg. ‘What is its moment of inertia about an axis passing, (i) the centre and perpendicular to the length of rod (ii) one end and perpendicular to rod The diameter flywheel increases by 1% What will be percentage increase in moment of inertia about axis of symmetry? A disc of mass 2 kg and radius 20 cm is free to rotate about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to the disc. If a force of 50 N is applied tagentially, calculate the angular acceleration. A mass of 10 kg connected at the end of @ tod of negligible mass is rotating ina circle of radius 30 cm with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s. If this mass is brought to rest in 10 sec by a brake, what is the torque that is applied? If a flywheel of mass 20 kg and diameter 1 mis rotating 300 revolutions per minute, what is its kinetic energy? A solid sphere and a solid cylinder hav- ing the same mass and radius, roll down the same incline. What is the ratio of their accelerations? ‘The moment of inertia of sphere is 20 kg-m* about the diameter. What is the moment of inertia about any tangent? The moment of inertia of a wheel is 1000 kg m®, At a given instant, its angular25. 26. 27. 28. 29. velocity is 10 rad/s. After the wheel rotates through an angle of 100 radians, the wheel’s angular velocity is 100 rad/s. Calculate () the torque applied on the wheel (ii) the increase in rotational kinetic energy A sphere is rolling down without slipping the incline plane from a vertical height /. Find the angular velocity and linear veloc- ity as it reaches the ground if its mass is m and radius is r. Asolid sphere of mass 0.5 kg and diameter 1 meter rolls without slipping with a con- stant velocity of 5 m/sec along a smooth straight line. Calculate its total energy. It was found that the winding radius of a tape on a cassette was reduced by half in a time 1, = 20 min of operation. In what time f, will the winding radius be reduced by half again? A hoop of radius R rests on a horizontal surface. A similar hoop moves past it at a velocity v. Determine the velocity v, of the upper point of “intersection” of the hoops as a function of the distance d between their centres, assuming that the hoops are thin, and the second hoop is in contact with the first hoop as it moves past the latter. A thin hoop of mass M and radius r is placed on a horizontal plane. At the initial instant, the hoop is at rest. A small washer of mass m with zero initial velocity slides from the upper point of the hoop along a smooth groove in inner surface of the hoop. Determine the velocity u of the centre of the hoop at the moment when the washer is at acertain point 4 of the hoop, whose radius vector forms an angle @ with the vertical (Fig.). The friction between the hoop and the plane should be neglected. ot Rotational Dynamics 1.103 30. A horizontal weightless rod of length 3¢ js suspended on two vertical strings. Two Joads of mass m, and m, are in equilibrium at equal distances from each other and from the ends of the string (Fig.). Determine the tension 7 of the left string at the instant when the right string snaps. a ee 1. A small sphere of radius R is held against the inner surface of a larger sphere of radius 6R. The masses of large and small spheres are 4 Mand M respectively. This arrangement is placed on a horizontal table. There is no friction between any sur- faces of contact. The small sphere is now released. Find the co-ordinates of the centre of the larger sphere when the smaller sphere reaches the other extreme position. {1996} 2. An isolated particle of mass m is moving in horizontal plane (x-y), along the x-axis, at a certain height above the ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragment of masses m/4 and3 m/4, An instant later, the smaller frag- ment is at y = +15 cm. The larger fragment at this instant is at {1997} (a) y=-S em (b) y= 420 cm (©) y= +Sem (a) y= -20 em1.104 Rotational Dynamics 3. A wedge of mass m and triangular cross- section (4B = BC = CA = 2R) is mov- ing with a constant velocity-vi towards a sphere of radius R fixed on a smooth horizontal table as shown in the figure. The wedge makes an elastic collision with the fixed sphere and retums along the same path without any rotation. Neglect all fric- tion and suppose that wedge remains in contact with the sphere fora very short time Ar during which the sphere exerts a constant force F on the wedge. [1998] x B Cc (a) Find the force F and also the normal force N exerted by the table on the wedge during the time Ar (b) Let /i denote the perpendicular distance between the centre of mass of the wedge and the line of action of F. Find the magnitude of the torque due to the normal force N about the centre of the wedge during the interval Ar. 4. Asmooth sphere A is moving on a friction- less horizontal plane with angular speed @ and centre of mass velocity v. It collides elastically and head on with an identical sphere B at rest. Neglect friction every- where. After the collision, their angular speeds are w, and o, respectively. Then [1999] (a) 0, <0, )o, (©) o,=0 @ao, 5. A disc of mass M and radius R is rolling with angular speed @ on a horizontal as shown, The magnitude of angular momen- tum of the disc about the origin O is 11999) y Mi i é x (a) pio (b) MR*w © Suro (@) 2 Mo . A cubical block of side a moving with velocity v on a horizontal smooth plane as shown. It hits a ridge at point O. The angular speed of the block after it hits Ois [1999] a a (a) 3w4a (0) 3w/2a (©) V3/V2a (@) zero 7 A cubical block of side L rests on a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of frie- tion 1. A horizontal force F is applied on the block as shown. If the coefficient of friction is sufficiently high so that the block does not slide before toppling, the minimum force required to topple the block is F. t L [2000] (a) Infinitesimal (b) mg/4 (c) mg2 (a) mg (1 ~p) .. A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass density p is bent into a circular loop with centre at O as shown.Rotational Dynamics 1.105 The moment of inertia of the loop about the axis XX is (2000) Xx x pe pL @ oo Ora Spt oot © i @ An equilateral triangle ABC formed from a uniform wire has two small identical beads initially located at A. The triangle is set rotating about the vertical axis 40. Then the beads are released from rest simultaneously and allowed to slide down; One along AB and the other along AC as shown. Neglecting frictional effects, the quantities that are conserved as beads slides down are [2000] B 0 c (a) Angular velocity and total energy kinetic and potential) (b) Total angular momentum and total energy (©) Angular velocity and moment of inertia about the axis of rotation. @ Total angular momentum and moment of inertia about the axis of rotation. 10. A tod AB of mass Mand length L is lying on a horizontal frictionless surface. A particle of mass m travelling along the surface hits the end A of the rod with a velocity v, in the direction perpendicular to AB. The collision is completely elastic. After the collision the particle comes to rest. (a) Find the ratio m/M (b) A point P on the rod is at rest imme- diately after the collision. Find the distance AP. (©) Find the linear speed of the point P at a time nL/Gv,) after the collision. [2000] 11, Two heavy metallic plates are joined together at 90° to each other. A laminar sheet of mass 30 kg is hinged at the line AB joining the two heavy metallic plates. The hinges are frictionless. A aa The moment of inertia of the laminar sheet about an axis parallel to AB and passing through its centre of mass is 1.2 kg-m*. Two robber obstacles P and Q are fixed, one on each metallic plate at a distance 0.5 m from the line AB. This distance is chosen so that the reaction due to the hinges on the laminar sheet is zero during the impact. Initially the laminar sheet hits one of the obstacles with ‘an angular velocity | rad/s and tums back. If the impulse on the sheet due to each obstacle is 6 N-s. [2001] (a) Find the location of the centre of mass of the laminar sheet from 4B. (b) At what angular velocity does the lami- nar sheet come back after the first impact? (©) After how many impacts, does the lami- nar sheet come to rest?| 1.106 Rotational Dynamics 12. One quarter section is cut from a uniform 13. circular disc of radius . This section has a mass M. It is made to rotate about a line perpen- dicular to its plane and passing through the centre of the original disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is [001] 1 a) MR @ 3 © dupe 8 1 ag? (b) pMR (a) V2mRr* Three particle A, B and C, each of mass m, are connected to each other by three mass- less rigid rods to form a rigid, equilateral triangular body of side ¢. This body is placed on a horizontal friction- less table (x-y plane) and is hinged to it at the point, also that it can move without friction about the vertical axis through 4 (see figure). 14. 15, The body is set into rotational motion on the table about 4 with a constant angular velocity @. (a) Find the magnitude of the horizontal force exerted by the hinge on the body. (b) At time 7, when the side BC is paral- lel to the x-axis, a force F is applied on B along BC (as shown). Obtain the component and the y-component of the force exerted by the hinge on the body, immediately after time T. [2002] A circular platform is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis pass- ing through its centre. A tortoise is sitting at the edge of the platform. Now the platform is given an angular velocity @,. When the tortoise move along a chord of the platform with a constant velocity (with respect to the platform). The angular velocity of the platform «(¢) will vary with time f as: [2002] ot) @ A particle is moving in a horizontal uniform circular motion. The angular momentum of the particle is conserved about the point [2003]Rotational Dynamics 1.107 16. 17. 18. (2) Centre of the circle (b) Outside the circle (c) Inside the circle (@) Point on circumference ‘Two particles each of mass M are connected by a massless rod of length ¢. The rod is lying on the smooth surface. If one of the particle is given an impulse MV as shown in the figure then angular velocity of the rod would be [2003 Mv M @ wt () 2vit (c) wi2e (d) None A disc is rolling (without slipping) on a horizontal surface C is its centre and Q and Pare two points equidistant from C. Let v,. v, and v, be the magnitude of velocities of points P,Q, and C respectively, then 12004] (@ Vy>Ve>%» ) << © =p ve= @ vy
Kyh,
K,.h,=h, (@K,>Kyh,>h, Two discs A and B are mounted coaxially on a vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertia I and 2 J respectively about the common axis. Disc Ais imparted an initial angular velocity 20 us- ing the entire potential energy of a spring com- pressed by a distance x,. Disc 8 is imparted anRotational Dynamics 1.109 angular velocity @ by a spring having the same spring constant and compressed by a distance x,. Both the discs rotates in the clockwise direction. [2007] 28. The ratio x/x, is (a) 2 (b) 1/2 (c) V2 @ uz, 29. When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time f. The average frictional torque on one disc by the other during this period is 210 OE de 2r S10 at 310 ar (b) (c) (a) 30. The loss of kinetic energy during the above process is Jo* Jo orl oe Io" To* ae a Zot oF ws 31. Statement 1: If there is no external torque ‘on a body about its centre of mass, then the velocity of the centre of mass remains constant. because Statement 2: The lincar momentum of an isolated system remains constant. (a) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True, Statement 2 is a correct explana- tion for Statement-1 (b) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is ‘True; Statement 2 is not a correct explanation for Statement | (©) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False (d) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is Tre 2007] ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT L © 21d), 3. (@) 4@) 8. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8 (a) 9%) 10) =) 12) BL fa) 1 @ — Se) 16. (@) 17.@) 18.0) 19a) 20@) A) RH) BL) 24 @®) 25. (b) 26. (0) 27. (a) 28. (©) 29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (d) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34, (d) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (0) 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44, (a) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49.(c) 50.() Sd) 5G) 53. (b) SK () 85. (b) 56. (D) 57.(a) 58. (a) 59 (0) 60. (cI (a) 62. (b) 63. (a) 84, CC) 65.(a) —-6.(b) 67. (a) 6B. (c) 6. fb) 7. (bY) TH fb) 7. () 73. (a) 74. (a) 75. (c) 76. (b) 17. (a) 78. (a) 179. (a) 80, (b) ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT 1(@d,d) 2(@bd) 3(acd) 4 bc) 5 (bd) 6 (ad) 7 (b,e,d) 8 (ac) 9. (c,d) a,b,c) Me (ac) 12, (be) 13. (bc) 14. (ed) 15. (bd) 16. @bod) 17. (a, b, d)1.110 Rotational Dynamics, ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS. 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS L@74g0)>7RO7s5@)>r 3. (a) > g, (b) > 8, (c) >, (d) > P 5 @>s,b)>P.()>4@ or @Mopar 7. (a) +1, (6) > 5,0) +4) > q 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. @) - @>pWIgs)>p@—>qs L a> par) pare)>pq » (a) > pg. (b) > a (C) > Pd) > PG 8B 34) >5,() > p54 @) op PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4.0) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) %9@ 07 LA 2 Ba HO 6B@ 6O 17.6) -18(0) 1% @)— 2H) A) 2) —- 2) 4. (0). 25. (a) HINTS AND SOLUTIONS 1. No, torque is required only for angular acceleration. 2. The cycle wheel is constructed in such a way so as to increase its moment of inertia with minimum possible mass. This is done to ensure uniform speed. 3. A fly wheel is a large heavy wheel with a long cylindrical axle passing through its centre and its centre of mass lying on its axis of rotation. It is constructed in such a way that most of its mass is concentrated at the rim of fly-wheel. This increases the moment of inertia about the axis of rota- tion. The function of moment of inertia is to oppose any change in uniform rotatory motion. Therefore, when a fly-wheel of large moment of inertia is coupled to an engine, it assures the running of engine smoother and steadier. 4, The torque ¢ required to cause an angular acceleration a is given by t = Ja, where, (© mr) is the moment of inertia. More is the distance of the stone from the axis of rotation, greater is its moment of inertia and hence, more torque is required to produce same angular acceleration. 5. Equilibrium of the wheel when it is still and standing up-right on its rim is unstable, Moreover, when the wheel is rolling, it pos- sesses and angular momentum in the hori zontal direction which is conserved quantity of the motion, The angular momentum does not changes unless friction slows down the angular velocity. Since, falling results in a change of angular momentum direction, the wheel does not fall, till is loses its angular velocity. 6, The system tends tokeep its angular momen- tum constant. When the person sits near the edge of the platform, the moment of inertiat 10. 4. 12. 13. of platform increases and hence, its angular velocity decreases. When the person starts moving towards the centre of platform, the moment of inertia decreases and hence, the angular velocity increases. The swimmer can increase the number of loops by pulling his legs and arms inwards ie., by decreasing the moment of inertia. By doing so the angular velocity o increases because / « remains constant. By raising the hand, the moment of inertia of the system increases and thus angular velocity @ decreases. Now the turn table will slow down as J @ remains constant in the absence of any external torque. If there were only one propeller in the helicopter, the helicopter itself would have tumed in opposite direction due to conser vation of angular momentum. We know that J = Em? ie., the moment of inertia of a body not only depends upon the mass but also depends upon the distribu. tion of mass from the axis of rotation. The disc made of less dense material will have larger moment of inertia because it will have greater surface area, i.e., the particles are at the greater distance from the axis of rotation. When the raw and the hard boiled eggs are spun together the raw egg will have a greater moment of inertia as the fluid in it will concentrate along its surface. Assuming, that the same rotational torque is applied to both the eggs, raw egg will come to rest first as it will have lesser angular velocity. When two fingers are applied, two equal and opposite forces act on the cap, thereby constituting a couple. In a tornado, the air from the surrounding whirls inwards as the air at the centre rises. Since, the moment of inertia decreases, the angular velocity of the inward whirling wind increases according to the law of con- servation of momentum. Rotational Dynamics 1.111_| 3. (a) Speed of point P changes with time. (b) Acceleration of point P is equal to ox (w= angular speed of disc and x = OP), The acceleration is directed from P towards 0. (©) The angle between acceleration of P (constant in magnitude) and velocity of P changes with time, Therefore, tangen- tial acceleration of P changes with time. (@) The acceleration of lowest point is directed towards centre of disc and remains constant with time. 5. (a) Since, all forces on disc pass through point of contact with horizontal surface, the angular momentum of disc about point on ground in contact with disc is conserved. Also the angular momentum of disc in all cases is conserved about any point on the line passing through point of contact and parallel to velocity of centre of mass. The K.E. of disc is decreased in all cases due to work done by friction. From calculation of velocity of low- est point on disc, the direction of fri tion in case a, b and d is towards left and in case c is towards right. The direction of frictional force cannot change in any given case. 7. (a) Initial velocity of centre of mass of given system is zero and net external force is in vertical direction. Since, there is shift of mass downward, the centre of mass has only downward shift. (b) Obviously there is shift of centre of mass of given system downwards. Also the pulley exerts a force on string which has a horizontal component towards right. Hence, centre of mass of system has a rightward shift () Both block and monkey moves up, hence, centre of mass of given system shifts vertically upwards.
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