F

Student Book

SERIES

Name _____________________________________

Multiplication and Division

Series F Multiplication and Division

Contents
Topic 1 Mental multiplication strategies (p. 1 - 10)

Date completed

doubling strategy_______________________________________

multiply by 10s, 100s and 1 000s_ _________________________

split strategy_ _________________________________________

compensation strategy_ _________________________________

factors and multiples____________________________________

use multiplication facts__________________________________

divide by 10s, 100s and 1 000s_ ___________________________

halving strategy________________________________________

split strategy_ _________________________________________

tests of divisibility_ _____________________________________

contracted multiplication_ _______________________________

extended multiplication__________________________________

short division__________________________________________

short division with remainders____________________________

solving problems_______________________________________

crack the code apply___________________________________

smart buttons apply___________________________________

bugs investigate_ _____________________________________

puzzles apply_________________________________________

Topic 2 Mental division strategies (p. 11 - 19)

Topic 3 Written methods (p. 20 - 28)

Topic 4 Puzzles and investigations (p. 29 - 32)

Series Authors:
Rachel Flenley
Nicola Herringer

Copyright

Mental multiplication strategies doubling strategy

Doubling is a useful strategy to use when multiplying.
To multiply a number by four, double it twice. To multiply a number by eight, double it three times.

15 4 double once = 30
13 8 double once = 26
double twice = 60 double twice = 52
double three times = 104

Warm up with some doubling practice:

a

40
1

5
2

10 20

4
6

15

25

30

40

96

35 50

12
D

24
8

32 16

Finish the doubling patterns:

a 4

8
_ _________

16
___________

_ _________

64
___________

__________

b 3

_ _________

___________

_ _________

___________

96
__________

c 5

_ _________

___________

40
_ _________

___________

__________

d 25

50
_ _________

___________

_ _________

___________

__________

e 7

_ _________

28
___________

_ _________

___________

224
__________

f 75

_ _________

300
___________

_ _________

___________

__________

Choose a number and create your own doubling pattern. How high can you go? What patterns can you
see within your pattern?

Two sets of twins turn 12. They decide to have a joint birthday party with 1 giant cake but they all want
their own candles. How many candles will they need?

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Mental multiplication strategies doubling strategy

5

Use the doubling strategy to solve these:

2

a 13 4

26
___________

52
___________

b 16 4

___________

___________

c 24 4

___________

___________

d 25 4

___________

___________

e 32 4

___________

___________

f 21 4

___________

___________

g 35 4

___________

___________

To multiply by 4, double
twice. To multiply by 8,
double three times.

Use the doubling strategy to solve these:

2

a 12 8

24
_____________

_ ___________

96
_ ___________

b 14 8

_____________

_ ___________

112
_ ___________

c 25 8

_____________

_ ___________

_ ___________

d 21 8

_____________

84
_ ___________

_ ___________

e 13 8

_____________

_ ___________

_ ___________

f 16 8

32
_____________

_ ___________

_ ___________

Work out the answers in your head using the appropriate doubling strategy. Use a table like the one
above if it helps.
a 18 4 =

b 16 4 =

c 26 4 =

d 24 8 =

e 15 8 =

f 22 8 =

Nicks dad offered him two methods of payment for helping with a 5 week landscaping project.
Method 1: $24 a week for 5 weeks.
Method 2: $8 for the first week, then double the payment each week.
Which method would earn Nick the most money? Why?

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Mental multiplication strategies multiply by 10s, 100s and 1 000s

When we multiply by 10 we move the number one place value to the left.
When we multiply by 100 we move the number two place values to the left.
When we multiply by 1 000 we move the number three place values to the left.
Look at how this works with the number 45:
Ten Thousands

Thousands

Units

4
5
0

4
5
0
0

5
0
0
0

10
100
1 000

Multiply the following numbers by 10, 100 and 1 000:

Tens

4
5

Hundreds

T Th

T Th

Th

Th

T Th

Th

10

10

100

100

1 000

1 000

T Th

Th

10

10

100

100

1 000

1 000

Try these:
a 14 10

b 14 100 =

c 14 1 000 =

d 92 10

e 92 1 000 =

f 92 100 =

g 11 1 000 =

h 11 100 =

i 11 10

Youll need a partner and a calculator for this activity. Take turns giving each other problems such as
Show me 100 678. The person whose turn it is to solve the problem, writes down their prediction
and you both check it on the calculator. 10 points for each correct answer, and the first person to
50 points wins.

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Mental multiplication strategies multiply by 10s, 100s and 1 000s

It is also handy to know how to multiply multiples of 10 such as 20 or 200 in our heads.
4 2 helps us work out 4 20:

4 2 = 8

We can express this as 4 2 10 = 80

4 20 = 80

How would you work out 4 200?

Use patterns to help you solve these:

a 5 2 _____________

5 20

_____________

5 200

___________

b 2 9 _____________

2 90

_____________

2 900

___________

c 6 $4 _____________

6 $40 _____________

6 $400 ___________

d 8 3 _____________

8 30

8 300

e 3 $7 _____________

3 $70 _____________

3 $700 ___________

f 2 8 _____________

20 8

_____________

200 8

___________

g 3 9 _____________

30 9

_____________

300 9

___________

_____________

Answer these problems:

a Jock runs 50 km per week. How far does he run over 10 weeks?

___________

If youre struggling with

your tables, get onto Live
Mathletics and practise!

b Huy earns $20 pocket money per week. If he saves half of this, how much
will he have saved at the end of 8 weeks?

c The sum of two numbers is 28. When you multiply them together, the
answer is 160. What are the numbers?

Finish these counting patterns:

a 10

20

30

__________

_ _________

___________

60
__________

b 20

40

__________

80
_ _________

___________

__________

c 30

60

__________

_ _________

150
___________

__________

d 40

80

__________

_ _________

200
___________

240
__________

e 50

100

150

__________

_ _________

___________

__________

f 100

200

__________

400
_ _________

___________

__________

g 200

400

__________

_ _________

___________

1 200
__________

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Mental multiplication strategies split strategy

Sometimes its easier to split a number into parts and work with the parts separately.
Look at 64 8
Split the number into 60 and 4
Work out (60 8) and then (4 8)
Add the answers together 480 + 32 = 512

Use the split strategy to answer the questions:

a 46 4

b 74 5

c 48 4

(40 4) + (6 4)

(___ ___) + (___ ___)

(___ ___) + (___ ___)

_______ + _______

_______ + _______

_______ + _______

d 37 7

e 62 8

f 91 5

(___ ___) + (___ ___)

(___ ___) + (___ ___)

(___ ___) + (___ ___)

_______ + _______

_______ + _______

_______ + _______

Use the split strategy to answer the questions. This time see if you can do the brackets in your head:
a 48 8 = __________ + __________ =

It's a good thing I

know how to work
with multiples of
ten in my head!

b 52 7 = __________ + __________ =
c 9 43 = __________ + __________ =
d 8 29 = __________ + __________ =
e 86 7 = __________ + __________ =

These problems have been worked out incorrectly. Circle where it all went wrong.

a 37 6

b 17 5

c 32 9

(30 6 ) + (7 6)

(10 5) + (7 5)

(30 9) + (2 9)

180 + 13

70 + 35

27 + 18

= 193

= 105

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Mental multiplication strategies split strategy

4

Each trail contains 2 multiplication problems and steps to solve them. Only one trail has been solved
correctly. There are errors in the other two. Find and colour the winning trail.

FINISH

78

291

114

(30 9) + (3 9)

(10 6) + (3 6)

13 6

464

(40 7) + (2 7)

42 7

33 9

294

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16 9

51

400 + 64

58 8

START

(10 9) + (6 9)

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30 + 21

17 3

Mental multiplication strategies compensation strategy

When multiplying we can round to an easier number and then adjust.
Look how we do this with 4 29
29 is close to 30. We can do 4 30 in our heads because we know 4 3 = 12
4 30 = 120
We have to take off 4 because we used one group of 4 too many: 120 (1 4) = 116
4 29 = 116

Use the compensation strategy to answer the questions. The first one has been done for you.
20
3
3
________
________
=
a 19 3 = ________

57

b 8 29 = ________ ________ ________ =

c 18 6 = ________ ________ ________ =
d 7 39 = ________ ________ ________ =
e 28 5 = ________ ________ ________ =

We can also adjust up. Look how we do this with 6 62:

62 is close to 60. We can do 6 60 in our heads because we know 6 6 = 36
6 60 = 360
We have to then add 2 more lots of 6: 360 + 12 = 372
6 62 = 372

Use the compensation strategy and adjust up for these. The first one has been done for you.
40
3
3
a 41 3 = ________
________
+ ________
=

123

Would I use the compensation

strategy with numbers such as
56 or 84? Why or why not?

b 81 4 = ________ ________ + ________ =

c 22 9 = ________ ________ + ________ =
d 32 9 = ________ ________ + ________ =
e 7 62 = ________ ________ + ________ =

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Mental multiplication strategies compensation strategy

3

In this activity youll work alongside a partner. Youll each need two dice and your own copy
of this page. For each line, roll the dice to find the tens digit and then roll it again to find the
multiplier. Your partner will do the same. Use the compensation strategy to mentally work
out the answers to the problems.
Tens

Units

Multiplier

Answer

a Check each others calculations. You may want to use a calculator.

b Now, use the calculator to add your answers. The person with the highest score wins.

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Mental multiplication strategies factors and multiples

Factors are the numbers we multiply together to get to another number:
factor

factor

whole number

How many factors does the number 12 have? 4 3 = 12, 6 2 = 12, 1 12 = 12

4, 3, 6, 2, 1 and 12 are all factors of 12.

List the factors of these numbers:

a 18

b 25

c 14

e 16

f 15

g 30

h 42

Fill the gaps in these sentences. The first one has been done for you.
1 or _____
16 or _____
2 or _____
8 or _____
4 people can share 16 lollies evenly.
a _____

b _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ people can share 20 slices of pie evenly.
c _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ people can share 24 cherries.
d _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ or _____ people can share 30 pencils.
e _____ or _____ people can share 5 balls evenly.

Use a calculator to help you find as many factors of 384 as you can:
A factor divides into
a number evenly
with no remainder.

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Mental multiplication strategies factors and multiples

Multiples are the answers we get when we multiply 2 factors.
Think about the 3 times tables where 3 is always a factor.
What are the multiples of 3?
3

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36

factor

multiple

Fill in the gaps on these multiple boards:

10

16
35

63

Numbers can be either factors or multiples depending on where they sit in the number sentence.

Choose 2 numbers between 2 and 5 and put them in the first frame as factors. Your answer is the
multiple. Now take that multiple and make it a factor in another number sentence. Write in the other
factor and solve the problem. Then make the answer a factor again. Can you fill the grid? Use a calculator
for the larger problems. The first one has been done for you.
a

10

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12

24

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48

Mental division strategies use multiplication facts

Knowing our multiplication facts helps us with division as they do the reverse of each other.
They are inverse operations.
3 5 = 15
15 5 = 3

Use your knowledge of multiplication facts to help answer these division questions:
a 56 7

8
________
7 = 56

56 7

b 121 11

________ 11 = 121

121 11 =

c 72 8

________ 8 = 72

72 8

d 49 7

________ 7 = 49

49 7

e 36 9

________ 9 = 36

36 9

f 64 8

________ 8 = 64

64 8

g 108 12

________ 12 = 108

108 12 =

Now try these:

a 81 9 =

b 40 5 =

c 21 3 =

d 54 6 =

e 42 7 =

f 63 9 =

g 36 4 =

h 45 9 =

i 39 3 =

j 24 6 =

Doing maths
without knowing
your multiplication
facts is hard.
Learning them
makes your life
much easier. Its
worth persevering
to conquer them!

Fill in the division wheels. Use multiplication facts to help you.

b
36
60
42

24

6
30 18

81
6

54

48

72

36 16
18

28

36

44

63 45

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40

4
32

24
8

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Mental division strategies use multiplication facts

Knowing our families of facts is also helpful.

3 5 = 15
5 3 = 15

7 8 = 56

8 9 = 72

7 9 = 63

8 7 =

9 8 =

9 7 =

= 8
8 = 7

15 3 = 5

Complete the following patterns. How many more multiplication and division facts can you find, given the
first fact?

56

15 5 = 3

72

=9

63

9 = 8

= 9
9 = 7

Write down another multiplication fact and two division facts for each question.

a 6 7 = 42

b 5 9 = 45

c 9 6 = 54

d 17 8 = 136

e 12 8 = 96

f 11 21 = 231

Look at these two division facts:

20 5 = 4

and

20 4 = 5

Imagine youre explaining to a younger child how theyre related yet different. How would you do it?
What would you say/write/draw?

12

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Mental division strategies divide by 10s, 100s and 1 000s

When we divide by 10 we move the number one place value to the right.
When we divide by 100 we move the number two place values to the right.
When we divide by 1 000 we move the number three place values to the right.
Look what happens to 45 000 when we apply these rules:

Thousands

Hundreds

Tens

Units

5
4

0
5
4

0
0
5
4

0
0
0
5

10
100
1 000

Divide the following numbers by 10, 100 and 1 000:

Ten Thousands

T Th

Th

T Th

Th

T Th

Th

10

10

100

100

1 000

1 000

T Th

Th

10

10

100

100

1 000

1 000

Draw lines to match the answers with the questions:

a

What number is one thousand times smaller than 32 000?

What number is one hundred times smaller than 32 000?

What number is one hundred times smaller than 95 000?

What number is ten times smaller than 95 000?

What number is one hundred times smaller than 8 800?

What number is ten times smaller than 8 800?

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9 500
88

950
880

320
32

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Mental division strategies halving strategy

When the two numbers seem too large to work with in our heads, we can halve them till we get to
a division fact we recognise. Both numbers must be even for this to work.
126 14
(half 126) (half 14)
63 7 = 9
1

Practise your halving. The first one has been done for you.

56

36

84

96

14

32

16

halve

24
48
72
144
192

halve

50
500
1 000
250
100

halve

Halve each number to get to a recognisable division fact. The first one has been done for you.
a 112 14

56
7
________
________
=

b 144 16

________ ________ =

c 96 12

________ ________ =

d 220 4

________ ________ =

e 162 18

________ ________ =

Match the problems with their halved equivalents. Then solve the problem. The first one has been done
for you.
a 90 18

60 6

b 64 16

24 8

c 120 12

35 7

d 70 14

45 9

e 144 24

72 12

f 48 16

32 8

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Mental division strategies halving strategy

Sometimes we need to keep halving until we reach an easy division fact.
144 36
72 18
36 9 = 4

Keep halving until you get to a fact you can work with. If you can do it in your head, just fill in the last
box. Otherwise, use the lines to help you.
a 216 36 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =
b 196 28 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =
c 224 32 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =
d 168 24 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =
e 144 36 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =
f 288 72 = ________ ________ = ________ ________ =

Draw lines to connect numbers that could be doubled or halved to reach each other.
16

10

48

25

32

20

40
64
96

60

30

128
256
125

192
250
80

100

120
50

Work with a partner to solve this problem using halving:

You have an after school job at the local lolly shop, making up the mixed lolly bags. Today, you have to evenly
share 288 freckles among 48 bags. How many freckles will you put in each bag? Show each halved sum.

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Mental division strategies split strategy

Division problems also become easier if you split the number to be divided into recognisable facts.
Look at the problem 144 9

Can we divide 144 into 2 multiples of 9?

We can divide it into 54 and 90. These are both easily

divided by 9. Then we add the two answers together.

90
54
9
9
10 + 6 = 16

Use the split strategy to divide these numbers. Use the clues to guide you:
a

_____ + _____ =

_____ + _____ =

_____

7
_____ + _____
=

b 105 7

60 ______
6
______
30 ______
6
______

_____ + _____ =

144 8

70 ______
______

______ ______
c 72 4

______ ______

24 ______
______

d 144 8

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______ ______
96 ______
______

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64
_____

_____ + _____ =

Hmmm 91 7.
The unit digit helps
me here. What
multiple of 7 ends
in 1? I know, 21.
So that makes the
other number 70!

80
_____

_____

18
_____

10 + _____ =
_____

Now try these:

a 90 6

16

91 7

78 6

_____

21
_____

_____

64 4

24
_____

85 5

50
_____

32
_____

112 8

80
_____

144 9

Mental division strategies split strategy

3

Play this game with a partner. Use one copy of this page between you. Cut out the problems
on the left and stack them face up. Cut out and spread the other cards face up. Work
together (or race) to find two numbers you could divide to solve the problem on the top
card of the pile. One card in the pair will be grey, the other white. For example, if the
problem was 76 4, you could locate 36 and 40.

96 4

45

90

75 5

25

21

87 3

60

50

98 7

80

70

135 9

55

36

78 6

30

60

112 8

60

60

51 3

27

32

95 5

24

40

84 6

28

18

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Mental division strategies tests of divisibility

Divisibility tests tell us if a number can be divided evenly by another (that is with no remainders).

Use the rules to test out the numbers in the last column. The first two have been done for you:
Divisible by

Rule

Test
Is 458 divisible by 2?

A number is divisible by 2 if its even

(ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8).

Yes, because it ends in an

even number.

Is 7 281 divisible by 3?
3

A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of

its digits is divisible by 3.

7 + 2 + 8 + 1 = 18
Yes, because 18 is divisible by 3.

Is 3 912 divisible by 4?
4

A number is divisible by 4 if the number

made by the last 2 digits is divisible by 4.

Is 455 divisible by 5?
5

A number is divisible by 5 if theres

a 0 or 5 in the units place.

Is 74 160 divisible by 8?
8

A number is divisible by 8 if the last

3 digits are divisible by 8.

Is 6 345 divisible by 9?
9

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of

its digits is divisible by 9.

Is 5 680 divisible by 10?

10

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A number is divisible by 10 if there is

a zero in the units place.

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Mental division strategies tests of divisibility

2

These numbers can all be divided with no remainders. Work with a partner to find the rule/s that can be
used to divide them. Fill in the tables.

36

90

84

99

50

72

456

330

888

120

981

548

1 025

3 486

6 993

1 256

9 050

10 072

5
9

8
Numbers may go onto
more than 1 table!

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Written methods contracted multiplication

H
1

3
4

Contracted multiplication is one way to solve a multiplication problem.

First we use our mental strategies to estimate an easier problem:
3 150 = 450. The answer will be around 450.
We start with the units. 3 6 is 18 units. We rename this as 1 ten and 8 units.
We put 8 in the units column and carry the 1 to the tens column.
3 5 plus the carried 1 is 16 tens. We rename this as 1 hundred and 6 tens.
We put 6 in the tens column and carry the 1 to the hundreds column.
3 1 plus the carried 1 is 4 hundreds. We put 4 in the hundreds column.

Solve these problems using contracted multiplication. Estimate first:

e:
a

e:
H

7
4

5
3

Solve these word problems. Show how you worked them out:

b Dans mum thinks she might get in on the action

too and pays Dan $4 for every week that he puts
his dishes in the dishwasher and his dirty clothes
in the basket. Dan is less keen on this plan but
does manage 33 weeks in 1 year. How much has
he made out of this scheme?

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e:

a Dans dad has resorted to bribery to counteract

Dans PlayStation addiction. For every evening, Dan
spends away from the PlayStation, his dad pays
him $3. So far, Dan has racked up an impressive 27
nights (though he looks like breaking any day now).
How much money does this equate to?

20

e:

e:
d

e:

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4
5

Written methods contracted multiplication

3

Below are Jess and Harrys tests. Check them and give them a mark out of 5. If they made mistakes,
give them some feedback as to where they went wrong.

Jess
1

7
2

7
2

3
1

7
8

Harry

7
2

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Written methods extended multiplication

H
2

T
3

6
7

1
9
0
0

U
4
3
2
0
0
2

Extended multiplication is another way of solving

problems. In extended muliplication we multiply
the units, tens and hundreds separately then add
the answers together.

(3 4)
(3 30)
(3 200)

Use a calculator to help you work out the values you could expect when
multiplying the following. Tick the columns:
T TH

a unit by a unit

9 7

a ten by a unit

43 5

a hundred by a unit

a ten by a ten

a ten by a hundred

TH

126 7
13 72
55 120

Complete using extended multiplication. Estimate first:

e:
a

e:
2

e:

5
2

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7
8

(2 5)

(7 2)

(8 7)

(2 40)

(7 50)

(8 20)

(2 200)

(7 400)

(8 300)

e:
2

e:

22

2 2 would give
me a unit only. But
8 6 would give me
tens and units. Ill
tick both columns.

9
2

2
9

(2 _____)

(9 _____)

(2 _____)

(9 _____)

(2 _____)

(9 _____)

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Written methods extended multiplication

3

Use extended multiplication to solve these problems:

a Jack and his 2 friends bought tickets to the
World Cup. Each ticket costs $124. How much
did they spend altogether?

b Jack has a paper round and earns $7 per day. He

works for 18 days and saves it all. Has he earned
enough to pay for his World Cup ticket?

e:

e:

c Yusufs highest Level 1 Live Mathletics score is

112. Yep, hes fast. If he scores this 7 times in a
row, how many correct answers has he achieved?

d Kyras class of 24 all had to stay in for 11 minutes

of their recess. Something to do with too much
talking. How many minutes is this in total?

e:

e:

Once you have the hang of extended multiplication, you can apply it to larger numbers. Try these:

(2 5)

(3 9)

(2 8)

(2 40)

(3 20)

(2 30)

(2 200)

(3 300)

(2 200)

(30 5)

(40 9)

(50 8)

(30 40)

(40 20)

(50 30)

(30 200)

(40 300)

(50 200)

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Written methods short division

In short division, we use our knowledge of multiplication to help us. We can split 936 into 900 + 30 + 6.
900 divided by 3 is 300, so we put a 3 in the hundreds place.
3 1 2
30 divided by 3 is 10, so we put a 1 in the tens place.
3 9 3 6
6 divided by 3 is 2, so we put a 2 in the units place.
936 3 = 312
1

Divide these numbers:

a
4

Decide how youll split these numbers and then divide. Remember
to put in zeros as needed.

b
5

d
9

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In these problems, if there

are no tens in a number we
put a 0 in to show this and
also to hold the place of
the other numbers!

Sometimes its easier to split the numbers differently. We can also

split 936 into 900 + 36.
900 divided by 3 is 300 so we put a 3 in the
hundreds place
3 1 2
36 divided by 3 is 12. We put the 1 in the tens
3 9 3 6
place and the 2 in the units place.
936 3 = 312
2

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4

Multiplication and Division

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Written methods short division with remainders

Sometimes numbers dont divide evenly. The amount left over is called the remainder.
Look at 527 divided by 5.
500 divided by 5 is 100.
1 0 5 r2
27 divided by 5 is 5 with 2 left over (this is the remainder).
5 5 2 7
This can be written as r 2.
527 5 = 105 r 2.

Divide these 2 digit numbers. Each problem will have a remainder.

r

a
9

c
6

r
4

r
6

Divide these 3 digit numbers. Each problem will have a remainder.

r

a
5

r
9

r
5

e
4

f
6

Solve these problems:

a Giovannis Nonna has given him a bag of gold coins to share among him and his two sisters.
There are 47 gold coins altogether. How many does each child get if theyre shared evenly?
How would you suggest they deal with the remainder?

___________________________________________________________________________

b You have 59 jubes to add to party bags. Each bag gets 5 jubes. How many full party bags
can you make?

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Written methods short division with remainders

There are 3 ways of expressing remainders. How we do it depends
on how wed deal with the problem in the real world. Look at:

r2

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3

1
3

b Share 50 sandwiches among

3 people.

We express remainders as decimals when we must be absolutely precise.

Sharing dollar amounts is a good example of this. We add the cents after
the decimal point to help us. Try these:

a Share 12 dollars among 4 people.

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b Share 215 paper clips among 7 people.

We can also express a remainder as a fraction. We do this when we can

easily share the remainder. For example, 19 cakes shared among 3 people
is 6 and one third each. Solve these problems expressing the remainder
as a fraction:

a Share 13 pizzas among 4 people.

One way is to write r 2 as in the example above. We use this when we dont care about being absolutely
precise and when the remainder cant be easily broken up. An example would be sharing 527 jelly beans
among 5 people. Solve these problems expressing the remainders as r.

a Share 126 blue pencils among 4 people.

b Share 27 dollars between

2 people.

Multiplication and Division

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27 divided by 2 is 13.
Now we have one dollar
left. How how many cents
is half of one dollar?

Written methods solving problems

We regularly come across multiplication and division problems in our everyday life. It doesnt
matter which strategy we use to solve them, we can choose the one that suits us or the problem best.

One real-life problem is comparing prices to find the best deal. Its easy if the prices and amounts are the
same but what if the amounts are different? Use a strategy to help you find the best deal on these:

100 g

300 g

$1.95

$5.43

$3.95

Best deal is __________________________

Best deal is __________________________

10 pack CD

$22.90

Single CD

500 ml

$2.75

Best deal is __________________________

2

$8.50

2 litres
$2.80

$1.40

Best deal is __________________________

You go to the service station with your weekly pocket money of $5. When you take a $1.75 chocolate bar
to the counter, they offer you the special of 3 bars for $4.50. Which is a better deal? Show why.

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Written methods solving problems

3

Youre planning a trip to the Wet and Wild theme park and
there are many ticket options. Use a strategy of your choice
and the price list below to answer the following questions:

Entry

Extras

1-day pass $32

5-minute helicopter ride $42

2-day pass $48

10-minute helicopter ride $74

Annual pass $99

30-minute helicopter ride $209

Individual rides $12

Sunset cruise $12

10-ride pass $95

Lunch cruise $22

Order online $5 discount

Swim with the dolphins $75

a If you buy a 2-day pass, what is the cost per day?

b How much cheaper is this option than buying two 1-day passes?

c If you bought an annual pass, how many times would you need to visit to make it
a better option than buying either a 1-day or 2-day pass?

d What if you choose just the rides? How much would you save if you bought the
10-ride pass instead of the individual rides?

e If you took a 5-minute helicopter ride, what would be the cost per minute?

f What about if you chose the 10-minute flight option? What would be the cost per minute?

g Plan a days itinerary for you and a partner. How much will this cost?

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Crack the code

What
to do

apply

Use the code below to work out the hidden message.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2

__ __

A is ______

F = H + L

F = ______

M M = M + M M is ______

E = F 2

E = ______

T M = A

T is ______

2 L = I

I = ______

T + T = H

H is ______

(2 L) A = C C = ______

H M = L

L is ______

F + A = N

N = ______

3 L = U

U is ______

3 T = S

S = ______

A A = A

What
to do

10

12

11

Once I work out the first

couple, the rest come easily!

Try this one:

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2

12

13

__ __ __ __ __ __
4

__ __ __

__ __

12

A A = A + A A is ______
If two letters
are together,
we read
them as a
tens digit and
a units digit.

__ __ __
2

12

__ __ __ __ __
9

L + E = S

S is ______

A + A = T

T is ______

N N = I

I is ______

T 2 = N

N is ______

U A = C

C is ______

AT N = E

E is ______

S (2 T) = P P is ______

2 E = L

L is ______

2 U P = O O is ______

E + T = U

U is ______

S + E = R

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R is ______

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Smart buttons
Getting
ready

What
to do

apply

In this activity, youll use your knowledge of multiplication, division, subtraction and
addition to find as many number statements you can to create one number.

Using ONLY the number 2, +, , and keys on your calculator,

find as many ways as you can to create the number 13.
For example, you could make:
22 + 2 + 2 = 26 2 = 13
Record your statements on a piece of paper.
Now, compare your answers with a partners. How many did they find?
Can you supplement each others lists?
Whats the longest statement? Whats the shortest?

What
to do

Choose another number to make and see how many statements you can find or
challenge a partner to a competition. Set a time limit and see who can find the most
ways to make 15 within the time span.

Bugs

investigate

Getting
ready

What
to do

What to
do next

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Use your knowledge of multiples to help you work out how many boy bugs and
girl bugs there are in the problem below. Listing all the multiples is a strategy that
would help.

Girl bugs have 4 splodges on their backs, boy bugs have 9.

Altogether there are 48 splodges. Work out how many girl
bugs and how many boy bugs there are.

What if girl bugs have 8 splodges and boy bugs have 6 and there are 120 splodges
altogether? How many different answers can you find?

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Puzzles

apply

What
to do

Use your knowledge of multiplication to work out the missing values:

8
3

4
2

2
3

What
to do

5
2

Fill in the multiplication and division tables by

working out the missing digits. The arrows show
you some good starting places.

32
14

7
20

16

14

12

40

45

9
12

24

3
36

12

24

9
6

14

30

27

54

11

33

44
63

8
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Puzzles
What
to do

apply
Complete this crossnumber puzzle:
1

2
3
4

7
8

What
to do

10

Down

1 60 5

1 11 11

2 25 5

2 12 10

3 7 6

3 7 7

4 15 6

5 66 6

7 7 3

6 12 12

9 9 6

8 39 3

10 6 50

Test your speed and accuracy. Race against a partner or the clock to complete each table:

What
to do

Across

56

21

16

64

18

14

80

12

70

32

24

49

72

30

28

24

27

42

33

35

Time:

Time:

Time:

Use the guess, check and improve strategy to

solve this problem. You could use a calculator
to help if you wish.

If the decimals are confusing

me, I can change the amounts
to 310 cents and 295 cents.

Tracey paid $3.10 for 7 lolly snakes and 4 sherbets. Madison

paid $2.95 for 4 lolly snakes and 7 sherbets. How much does
one lolly snake cost? How much does one sherbet cost?

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