Chapter 1 Linear Equation in Two Variables 1.1 Introduction ax+by=c In ancient time, in algebra the equation containing more variables were studied in detail. The mathematician of that time Let us learn : Brambgupta, Mahaviracharya, Bhaskaraya © Linear equation in two | etc. derived the solution of equation. variables and its graph. We are already familiar with linear © Consistent or inconsistent | equation in one variable is an equation of of a system of equations, | the type ax +b = c, where a,b, c, are real SR tee rst Netnod Cr] numbers, a#0 and x is a variable. Solving linear equations in two variables by A variable takes different values according to different condition. e.g . 1=2 =1 (a) Elimination by xe =x substitution, xt2=2 0 >x=0 Here both equation have different values of x. In first equation x = 1 and in second equation x = 0. so x is a variable (6) Elimination by equating the coefficient. Now we shall study the linear (©) Method of cross- equations containing two variable. multiplication. Let x and y be two variables and (a) Transpose method of | equation formed by these variables be vedic Mathematics. | written in the form. © Application of _ linear ax +by =e ‘equation in two variables Where a, b, and ¢ are real numbers in solving word problem. and a 40, b #0. aeThis is linear equation in two variable because this equation contains the variables x and y with power 1. Solution of such an equation is a pair of values of x and y, which makes the two sides of the equation equal. Two linear equations with same two variables are called a pair of linear equations in those two variables Example : 2x +3y =7 and 3x—4y=11 is a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y. 1.2 Graphical solution of linear equation in two variables Recall, that we have studied in previous class the graphical representation of linear equation in one variable. Now we shall learn graphical solution of linear equations in two variables. For graphical solution of an equation we find the corresponding value of second variable by taking any value of one variable out of two variables. Observe the following examples Example 1. Draw the graph of x- y +4 =0 Solution: x-y+4=0 put x =— 1 in the equation -l-y+4=0 -y+3=0 y=3 putx=0 O-y+4=0 To represent equation graphically, two solutions are enought. But we find three solutions to ensure correctness. For graphical representations, the obtained values of x and y, which are the solution of the equation, is written in the form of a table x | 1] 0] 2 y | 3 [4] 6 iIn figure 1.1., the line 1 is called graph of equation. In other words we can say that line "J" represents the given equation. Example 2. Draw the graph of x +2y =5. Solution : x +2y =5 Put x = ay =5 43 Note : It is not necessary that we use ay=8 positive values of x. We can use negative values of x also.2y=5-1 ay=4 y=2 All the values of x and y, which are the solution of equation, we write in the form of table as follows. x | -3 | 0 y] 4 Jas s ‘On ploting these points on graph paper we observe that all points lie in a straight line. ‘Therefore the equation in two variables and degree one is called a linear equation. Exercise 1.1 Draw the graph of following equations 1. x+2y=3 2. 2x-Sy=3 3. xty=2 4. 2x+3y=6 5. 2x-3y+11=0 6. 3x+2y=7 ee eeeNow we shall learn to draw the graph of apair of linear equation in two variables. Example 3. (2) to draw the graph of both equation, We find corresponding value of y by taking three different values of x in equation (1) and equation (2) In the equation ys2x+1 Put x= y=2C) +1 ys-2+1 y=-1 Put x = 0 y=2x0+1 yel Put x=1 y=2x1+1 ys2+l y=3 We write these solutions in the form of table as follows. x]-1]o0]1 y[-1] 1/3 In equation 3x+2y=9 3x (1) + 2y =9 -342y=9 2y=943 ay =12 y=6 putx=1 3x1+2y=9 dy =9-3 2y=6 y=3 ees eeeputx=3 3x342y 2y=9-9 y= We write these solution in the form of table as follows : x | -1]/ 1] 3 y | 6 | 3 [0 On representing both equation on graph paper (figure 1.3) we observe that both lines intersect each other at (1,3). As a result, it can be said that point (1,3) is common in both lines. Thus, point (1,3) is the required solution of pair of the linear equations, y=2x+l and 3x+2y =9 because the point satisfies both the equations. hEWe can also check that solution is correct or not by putting these values in system of equations. Put y = 3 and x = 1 in equation y = 2x +1 3=2x141 35 put y =3 and x = 1 in equations 3x + 2y = 9 3x142x3=9 34+6=9 9=9 Example 4.Solve the system of equations by graphical method. 2x + 4y = 10 3x + 6y = 12 Solution : 2x+4y=10 9 ———~ (1) 3x4+6y=12 9 ——~ (2) For graphical representation of equation (1) 2x+4y=10, it is converted in the following form 2x + 4y = 10 = dy = 10- 2x 10-2x sysF When x =~ 1 then y = *2 asy- 4 =>y=3 When x = I then 10-2x1Writing the values in the table x [1,1] 3 y[3 [2] For graphical solution of equation (2) 3x + 6y = 12 > y=3 when x = 2 then 402 yrQ y=l When x = 4 then B H a y= . | y=0 writing the values in the table x [|-2 ]2 [4 y [3 [1 fo Example 5. Solve the system of equations 3x-y=2 9x — 3y = 6 by graphical method Solution : 3x-y =2 9x —3y =6 eee eeeFor solving equation (1) 3x-y=2 -y=23x y= 3x-2 when x = 0, then y=3x0-2 Table for equation 3x - y = 2 x of y | 2] 1] 4 Similarly solving equation (2) 9x —3y = 6 By =6- 9x _ 9x-6 3 y= 3x-2 when x =~ I then y=3 (1) -2 y=-5 when x = 0, then y=3x0-2 y=-2 EE eewhen x = 3 y=3x3-2 y=7 Table for equation 9x — 3y = 6 x | -1 0 3 y | -5 | -2 [7 The graph 1.5 has been drawn with the help of the values given in the two tables. If we see the solution of the previous examples then we see that the graphical solution of equation in (fig. 1.3), both lines are intersecting at one and only one point. In fig. 1.4 the lines obtained by the graphical solutions of system of equations are parallel to cach other and in fig. 1.5 both lines are coincident, Consequently, we conclude the following conclusions 1. When lines intersect at only one point then in this condition the equations will have a unique solution, 2. When lines are parallel then in this condition the equation will have no solution. 3. When lines are coincident the equation will have infinite solutions. When a system of equations have a solution then we say that the system of equations is consistent and when the system of equations do not have a solution then we say that the system is inconsistent. Example 6. Solve 3x - 2) Wx+y=5 by graphical method. Solution : 3x—2y=4 axty=5 For solving equation (1) putting x =-2 3.x (2) -2y=4 -2y=4 +6 y=-5 hE >putting x= 4 3x4 -2y=4 —2y=4-12 = 2 x [-2 [2 y [-5 [1 [4 For solving equation (1) putting x =-1 2xCl) +y=5 ya54+2 y=7 putting x = 0 2x0ty=5 y= putting x = 2 2@x2+y=5 5-4 y=1 x | -1 | o| 2 y|7|[s] 1 In fig. 1.6 the graphical solution is obtained with the help of the values from the two tables We observe that the line m and / intersect at point (2, 1). Therefore, the system of equations 2x — 2y = 4 and 2x+y = 5, has a unique solution. —————— eeeExersise 1.2 Solve the following system of equation by graphical method. 7x +lly-3=0 8x +y—15=0 3x +4y-7=0 x+y +2=0 2x+3ys1l 2x-y=-1 1. 2x-3y=1 4. -x-4y=5 2. S5x-y-7=0 5. x-y+1=0 3. 3x-y=3 6. Tx + 2y = 20 Example 7. Solve the system of equations. 2x +3y=6 4x + 6y = 24 by graphical method Solution : Putting x = -3 in equation (1) 2x (3) +3y =6 -6+3y =6 By =6+6 y=4 putting x = 0 2x0+43y=6 y=2 putting x =3 2x3+3y=6 By =6-6 y=0Now putting x = 0 in equation (2) 4x + 6y = 24 4x0 +6y=24 by =24 y=4 putting x =3 4x3 4 6y=24 6y = 24-12 6y=12 y=2 putting x = 6 4x6 + 6y=24 by = 24-24 y=0 x] o] 3] 6 y| 4] 2] 0 In the graphical solution obtained from the values in the two tables above, the lines are parallel to cach other and therefore there is no common point between them. Therefore, we can say that the system of equations has no solution and such type of equations are called inconsistent. Exercise 1.3 If there is common solution to the following systems of equations, find them by graphical method. 1. x + Ty =I 3. x-3y=3 sev By = 25 3x- 9y=2 2. 3x-4y=l 4. oxt3y=4 - ra dy=5 4x + 6y = 12 Example 8. Show by graphical method that the following system of equations has many solutions. 6x — 2) 4 12x - dy =8 eee eeeSolution : 6x -2y =4 12x - dy =8 6x-2y=4 —2y =4 6x ~y=23x y=3x-2 Ux=2then y=3x2-2 y=4 Ifx=Othen y=3x0-2 y=-2 Iix=—2then y=3 x (2) -2 y=-8 x 0 -2 y 2 | -8 12x -4y =8 —4y =8 12x -y=23x y= 3x2 For solving this If x=1 then y=3x1-2 ye=l If x=0 then y=3x0-2 ys-2 If x=3 then y=3x3-2 y=7x | 1] o 3 y |i] 2/7 By taking the values of both the tables the graph is drawn in (figure 1.8) which has only one line, that means the lines are coincident. Therefore the system of equation has infinite solutions. lf the lines are coincident then the system of equations has infinitely many solutions Exercise 1.4 Show by graphical method that each of the systems of equation has infinitely many solutions. 1. Sx+2y=9, 15x + 6y =27 2. 3x-y=5, 6x-2y=10 3. x-2y=5, 3x-6y=15 4. 2x-4y =3, 3x-6y= ; 1.3 Algebraic solution of linear equation containing two variables We have learn to find the solutions of one and two simultaneous equations in two variables by graphical method. (a) Elimination by substitution Example 9. Solve the following equations by substitution method. 2x-y=3 4x-y=5 Solution : 2x-y =3 4x-y=5 ——~ ) From equation (1) y=2x-3 ——~ (3) putting the value of y from equation (3) in equation (2) 4x — (2x-3) = 5 or 4x -2x +3 =5 or 2x=5-3 eeor 2x =2 orxsl putting the value of x in equation (3) y=2x1-3 ory=2-3 ory= Therefore x =1 and y = —1 are the solutions of the equations x=, y=-1 answer. Note : 1. We can check that x = 1, y =~I satisfy the equations. 2. y =-1 could have been put also in equation (1) in place of equation (3) because equation (3) is the converted form of equation (1) Because in this method we put the value of y from equation (3) in equation (2) this method is called substitution method Example 10. Solve the following system of equations by substitution method. 3x+2y=14 -x+4y=7 Solution : 3x + 2y = 14 on QD -x+4y=7 ws (2) writing equation (2) in the following way -x=7-4y orx=—7 +4y orx=4y-7 ...... 3) putting the value of x from equation (3) in (1) 3(4y-—7) +2y=14 or 12y — 21 + 2y = 14 or dy = 14 +21 or May = 35 hee eee35 oye 5 ory=— oryes putting the value of y in equation (3) (by substitution) x=4y-7 5 orx=4x 37 7 orx=10-7 x=3 5 . . 5 is the solution of system of equation. Exercise 1.5 Therefore x = 3, Solve the following system of equations by substitution method. 1. Qx-y=-l 2. x+ys7 2x+3y=1 3x-2y=11 3. Ix-2y=1 4. 3y-7Tx=-29 3x + 4dy = 15 Tx+lly=1 (b) Elimination by equating the coefficient In this method we eliminate any one variable and find the value of other variable. The value obtained of the other variable is substituted in any of the two equation and the value of the eliminated variable is obtained. Example 11, Solve 3x + 2y = 11 2x +3y=4 Solutions : 3x + 2y = 11 a) 2x +3y=4 2) Here we shall make the coefficients of x equal. For this multiplying equation (1) by the coefficient of x of equation (2) and multiply equation (2) by the coefficient of x of equation (1) 22 -- B) 6x + 9y = 12 .. (4) eeNow the coefficients of x are equal and are of the same sign. Therefore, subtracting equation (4) from equation (3) 6x+4y=22 — .... 8) 4) Putting the value of y in equation (1) 3x+2(-2)=11 3x-4=11 3x = 1144 3x = 15 x=5 Itis not necessary that the value of y is to beput in equation (1), the value of y can also be put in equation (2) to find the values of x. Therefore the desired solution of the system of equations is x=5,y=-2 ans Example 12: Solve the following system of equations by elimination by equating the coefficient 8x + Sy =9 3x +2y=4 Solution: 8x + Sy =9 we CD 3x + 2y=4 vee 2) Here we shall eliminate y, for this we shall multiply equation (1) by 2 and equation (2) by 5. 16x + l0y=18 —... G) 15x + 10y = 20 oA) “x =-2 putting the value of x in equation (2) 3 2)+2%z=4 -6 +2y=4 ee eee2y = 446 y= ‘Therefore the solution of system of equation is x= -2, y=5_ ans. Exercise 1.6 Solve the following system of equations by elimination by equating the coefficients. 1 3x4+2y=41 2, xt2y=-1 2x + 3y = 14 2x — By = 12 3. 3x+5y =20 4. 3x-4y-11=0 6x — My =-4 Sx-Ty+4=0 (©) Method of Cross Multiplication Let the following be the general simultaneous system of equations. axtby+e=0 ... axtby+e,=0 —... 2) For solving these we shall multiply equation (1) by b, and equation (2) by b, and subtracting a,b,x + bby + b,c, = 0 bx + bby + bic, =0 a[b,x — ajb,x + bye, bye, =0 = (a,b, - a,b,)x + b,c, —byc, = 0 = (aby ~ ayb,)x = bye, — bye, byce = bac = |*=abcab | oT ) Again multiplying equation (1) by a, and multiplying equation (2) by a, and subtracting. a,a,x + aybyy + a,c, =0 aya;x + ajbyy + aye, apbyy — aybyy + ay¢\-ac, Mb=> (ayb,-a,b,)y = aye, — 21 = (ab, — aby = aye, — ac, Agcy = ayCy > .. (4) © aba ~ agby Now following conditions are possible Conditon I When a,b, — a,b, #0 then a,b, # a,b, ay > a” by In this condition the system of equations has a unique solution. This system of equation is called consistent. In this condition when system of equations is consistent i.e. the system of equation has unique solution then the values of x and y can be obtained from equation (3) and (4). _ biey = bye = 2201 — a1 aby — ayy" aby —ayby Generally this solution is written in the following way y byeg bay a2 —E741 ~ ayby —agbj To remember this method it is presented in the following manner. xy In graphical method when lines intersect at NNN one point, that intersection point is called byaciyaa seb, | uni i ique solution. wea, Mr, ay bt @ If ay *y then it has unique solution.a _ bh o qi) sf b #— then system has no solution and both the lines are ag bp 2 parallel. a _ bo Gli) I py 7 ep, them the system has infinitely (many) solutions and both lines are coincident. then a,b, Aika, =kay aa z =k=> bj =kb, Now two possibilities are there : Possibility 1 : c, = ke, In this conditions equation (1) becomes Ka,x + Kb,y + Ke, = 0 because a, = Ka, b, = Kb, = Ke, es eeeK@x+by +c,) =0 Here (k #0) then a,x + by +c, =0 is obtained which is clearly the equation (2) a _ by Bay by ep In this way any solution of equation (1) is also the solution of equation (2) Therefore, the system of equations has infinite solutions. In this condition both lines are coincident. In graphical method coincident lines represent infinite solutions of the system of equations. Possibility 2. C,# Ke, In this condition the equation (1) can be written as follows Ka,x + Kb,y +c, =0 (because a, = ka,, b, = kb,) k@x+by) +e, =0 K (C,) +c, = 0 from equation (2) c, = Ke, which is not true, according to possibility (2) a a2 bby cp ie. In this condition the system of equation has no solution. Then both the lines are parallel. This condition represents inconsistency of the system of equations. Example 13. From the following system of equations find which one has unique solution, which has infinite solution or which has no solution, find the solution of the system of eqations which has unique solution, (a) Sx+2y +16=0 (b) Sx +2y-9=0 Tx-4y+2=0 15x + 6y -27=0 () -x+5y-6=0 2x - oy - 14=0 ees eeeSolution : (a) Sx+2y+16 =0 ——— (1) Tx-4y+2=0 ——~ 2) Comparing the equation (1) with the general equation a,x + by +e, = 0 and equation (2) with a,x + by +c we see that ah 5,2 Ay Ll ay * by because 7+ Therefore system has unique solution Now we shall solve it. xy 1 221675 \e2 aa XG XG xy 4—(-4)x16 16x7-2x5 5x(—4)-7x2 x oy ol 4464 112-10 -20-14 zey 21 68 102 -34 for finding the value of xoe 34 x=2 For finding the value of y yt 102-34 y=-3 ‘Therefore the solution of system of equations is x =-2, y =-3 (b) Sx +2y-9=0 on QD) 15x + 6y -27=0 2) on comparing with the general equation =5, bj =2,¢,2-9 a, = 15, b) = 6, c, = 27 1 a be 3 Therefore the system of equations has infinite solution (© -x+5y-6 . 2x — 10y -14 = 0 Q) On comparing with the general equation. a, =-1,b, =5,¢,=-6 a, = 2, by =-10, ¢) =-14 5 1 q_ 6 3 10-2’ -14 7 he eeeabe Here 2-5) * ey Therefore system of equations has no solution. Example 14. Find those values of m, 2x +my-4=0 3x—7y -10=0 for which (1) there is unique solution (2) there is no solution. Is there any value of m for which it has infinite solutions. Solution : 2x +my-4=0 aw 3x-7y -10=0 Q) Comparing these equations with a,x + byy +c, = 0 and ax + b,y +c, = 0 respectively. a=2, b, a,=3, b,=-7, m, (1) When the system has unique solution ay be ag by therefore 24 ™ erefore <4 3° 7 3me-14 -14 m*— 3 -14 Therefore, beside for the value of m_ for , the system of equation will have unique solution for all real numbers (2) When the system has no solution a _ bi Jones e az bye hh eee22m (for the value of m taking | = — only.) the system will have no solution 14 =14 From both values of m#—", m=" we reach the conclusion that m has no such values for which the system of equation has infinite solutions. Example 15. Solve for x and y the system of equations x+ay=b ax — by = Solutions: x+ay=b x +ay-b=0 (a) ax-by=c ax-by-c=0 vo Q) Here ab Here 2 # ‘pp. therefore the system will have unique solution 2 be bye ~ bacy age — acy ayby—agby’ ayby — agby putting the value of a,, by, ¢,, a), by x 8XC0)=(Cb)(-b) 1x(-b)-axa eae -b-a? a(—b) -1x(-c) and Y= Top cana ~ 1x(-b)-axa‘Therefore the unique solution of equations is ac b? Exercise 1.7 1. Find from the following systems of equations that which one has the unique solution, which has no solution and which one has infinite solutions. Find the solution of the system of equations which has unique solution. (@) x+y=5 (b) 7x-2y=3 3 Sx-3y=1 lx - Sy =8 () x-3y=3 (d) 6x — 10y =3 3x -9y =2 3x-Sy=7 () xty=3 () lix + 13y=17 6x + 6y = 18 22x + 26y = 34 2. Find the value of a for which system of equations. axty=5 3xt+y=1 has (i) unique solution and (ii) no solution. 3. Prove that there is a value of ¢ for which the system x +2y =e 2 8x +cy has infinitely many solutions. Find this value, Solve the following system of equations in x and y 4. axtby=a—b, bx-ay=atb 22 5. x+y=a+b, ax—by 1.4 Paravartya method of "vedic" mathematics For solving simultaneous linear equations in two variables "Paravartya Sutra" is used. We can solve the equations orally by using "Paravartya rule". For solving questions cyclic rule is used by using cyclic rule with the help of "Paravartya SSsutra" system of euations can be solved in the following way. Example 16. Solve 8x + 5y=9 3x +2y=4 For calculation of the value of x we find the product of the coefficient of y i.e. b, and the constant c, and the product of coefficient of y i.e. b, and c,, then the second product is subtracted from the first product. In this way the value of the numerator of the value of x is obtained and is written as follows : x= Numerator = (5x4) — (9x2) 20-18 Denominator Denominator Denominator _ 2 ~ Denominator Similarly for obtaining the value of denominator of the value of x we find the product of the coefficient of y i.e. b, and the coeffi- cient of x ie. a,; and the product of coefficient of y ive. b, and the coefficient of x ie. a,. The second product is subtracted from the first product and is written as follows. Numerator Numerator Denominator of x = ——————__ = — Denominator (5x3)-(8x2) _ Numerator 15-16 Numerator ~ al Numerator D =-2 For calculation of the value of y the cyclic rule is followed. The product of constant term c, and the coefficient of x i.e. a, is obtained then the product of the cofficient x ic. a, and the constant term c, is obtained. Then by subtracting the second product from the first product the value of the numerator of the value of y is obtained ie. =(9x3)-(@x4) = 27-32 =-5 he eeethe value of denominator of the value of y will be the same as the value of the denominator of x which means x =-2, y=5 Example 17. Solve by paravartya method Sx-3y=1l 6x-5: Solution : (1) For finding the value of x to calculate the value of numerator the products of coefficients of y and independent terms are found by cross multiplication then to find the value of denominator of the value of x we find the product of the coefficients of y and x by cross multiplication (3) x 91-1 1<(-5)] ((-3) x 6]-[(-5) x5] (2) For finding the value of numerator of the value of y the independent terms and the coefficient of x are cross multiplied. The value of denominator of the value of y is the same as the value of denominator of x. y= (x9)=O%5) 7 _ 66-45 _ 21 7 7 =3 To find the numerator the difference of the x=4,y=3 cross product of the coefficients of y and independent terms is taken. To find the value of denominator the difference of the cross product of the 8x + 13y = 2 coefficients of y and the coefficients of x is taken. he eee Example 18. Solve by Paravartya sutra x+lly=1Solution : From Paravartya Sutra, starting from the coefficients of y and by cross multiplication. (11x 2)-(x13) x = 1x2) 1x13) (11x8)= 3x1) 22-13 _ 9 ‘To find the numerator the difference 88-1375 of the cross product of independent 3 terms and the coefficients of x is “25 taken. (x8)-@Qx1) 75 _8-2 5 62 “FB 35 xed, yo2 5 5 Example 19. 2x+ y=5 3x - 4y =2 Solution : Verbal solution by observation only (see and understand) = X2)=(5x-4) ~ 0x3)-(2x-4) _2+20 _22 348 IL (5x3)-(2x2) ul aL, rn . Exercise 1.8 Solve the following systems of equations by paravartya method of vedic mathematics lo xty=7 2, Wx+7y=1l 3x-2y=1 3x + Sy =-1 eee eee3. Ix+lly=1 4. x+#2y=70 8x + By =3 ox +y =95 1.5 Application of system of equations in different regions We have to solve system of linear equations in two variable to solve the daily life problems. Now we solve some daily life problems. Example 20. The sum of two numbers is 100 and the first number is 2 more than the second. Find the numbers. Solution : Let the first number = and the second number = y According to first conditions First number + second number = 100 x+y = 100 we (1) According to second condition First number = Second number + 2 y+2 =2 vee (2) Adding both equations x+y = 100 x-y=2 2x = 102 x=51 putting the value of x in equation (1) 51 +y = 100 100 - 51 y=49 Therefore the required numbers are 51 and 49. Example 21: Age of father is three times the age of son. After 5 yrs. Father's age will be two and half times the age of son. Find the ages of father and the son. Solution : Let the present age of father = x yrs. and the age of son = y years then thrice the age of son= 3y yrs. According to the question Father's age = thrice of son's age x = 3y (1) hes eee x x-Age of father after 5 yrs = x + 5 yrs Age of son after 5 yrs = y + 5 yrs According to second condition 1 Age of father after 5 yrs =27 (age of son after 5 yrs) 5 Sar (yt5 KHS=5 +9) 2(x+5)=5(y +5) 2x +10 = Sy +25 2x — Sy = 25-10 2x — Sy = 15 ~- 2) putting the value of x from equation (1) in the equation (2) 2x 3y-5; putting the value of y in equation (1) x=3x15 x=45 therefore the age of father is 45 yrs and age of son is 15 yrs 1 Example 22. A fraction becomes q when 2 is subtracted from its numerator and 3 is added to its denominator and on adding 6 to numerator 2 and multiplying denominator by 3 it becomes 5. Find the fraction. Solution : Let the numerator of fraction be x and denominator be y x then fraction = According to the first condition x-2_1 yrs 4 4(x-2=(y+3)xl1 4x-8=y+3 4x-y=l ees eeeAccording to second condition 3x + 18 Equation (1) x 1 => 4x - Equation (2) x4 = 4x58 Ty =35 (on subtraction) y=5 putting the value of y in eq. (1) 4x-S=11 4x=11+5 Therefore fraction = é answer. Example 23. In APQR ZP = x°, 2Q = 3x" and ZR= y®. If 3y — 5x = 30, then find the value of each angle of APQR Solution : We know that in AABC, the sum of three interior angles is 180° 2 + 2Q + ZR= 180° x +3x+y = 180 (putting the value of ZP, ZQ, ZR) 4x ty = 180 ro) and -5x + 3y = 30 ~ (2) (given) equation (1) xS$ = 20x+ Sy=900 ------ (3) equation (2) x 4 =-20x + 12y=120 --—- (4) 17y = 1020 (on adding) y=60 he Seeputting value of y in eq. (2) —5x+3x 60 = 30 — 5x = 30 - 180 — 5x =- 150 x= 30 and 2Q = 3x =3 x 30 = 90° therefore the angles of APQR are ZP=30°, 2Q=90" and ZR =60" respectively Exercise 1.9 The sum of two numbers is 7. If the sum of these numbers is 7 times of its difference. Find the numbers. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 7. The number is 2 more than twice the number formed by inter changing the digits of the number. Find the numbers Five years ago age of Ankita was thrice the age of Ajita. After 10 years Ankita's age will be twice the age of Ajita. Find the present ages of Ankita and Ajita. If twice the age (in years) of Salma is added to the age of Salma's mother, the sum becomes 70. If twice the age of Salma’s mother is added to the age of Salma the sum becomes 95, Find their present ages A rational number becomes 3 when | is added to its numerator and the 3 denominator. But becomes = if 4 is subtracted from each one of the nu- merator and denominator. Find the rational number, 1 By adding 5 to the denominator and subtracting 5 from its numerator + is 1 obtained, 1f4 is subtracted from its numerator then = is obtained. Find that number. : In AABC ZC =2 ZB = ZA + ZB + 20, Find all the angles of the triangle. Ina cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ZA = (2x47), ZB = (y#3)°, ZC= Q2y+7)%, ZD= (4x-5)°, Find the four angles. Example 24. Solve the system of equations 5,536 15 ay 17 (u¥0 v#0) hes eeeSolution : 1 1 Im the equation (1) and (2) putting -=* and —=y Sx + Sy = 36 - 3) 15x + 2y = 17 75x + T5y = 540 75x + 10y = 85 (on subtracting) 65y 435 y= G77 putting the value of y in eq. (3) Sx4+5%7=36 Sx = 36 - 35 Therefore the solution of equations is u = 5 and v = Miscellaneous Exercise 1.10 1. Draw the graphs of the following equations and check that aie (@) x=2y=5 (ob) x=-ly=3 are the solutions of the equation or not (1) 2x +5y=13 (QQ) Sx+3y=4 Q) xty=7 (4) 2x-3y=-1l 2. Solve the following system of equations by graphical method. () x-2y=2 Q) 2x-y=9 3x + Sy =17 5x + 2y =27 he SS eee(3) -x+2y=37 (4) 13x + Wy = 23 — 4x + By = 43 39x + Sly = 21 (6) Ixty=8 (6) 9x+7y=23 14x + 2y = 16 18x + l4y = 46 Solve the following systems of equation (1) 11x + Sy =- 23 (2) 2x +3y=31 Tx - 2y = 20 17x - lly =8 (3) 217x + I3ly = 913 (4) 131x + 217y = 827 (u#0v #40) (5) (x#0 y#0) From the following systems of equations find which one has a unique solution, which one has no solution and which one has infinitely many solutions. Find the values of x and y of the system of equations which have unique solution. (I) 2x-3y+13=0 (QQ) %x+3y+5=0 3x-2y + 12=0 3x-2y-12=0 (3) x-S5y=6 (4) 2y-x=9 2x — l0y = 10 6y -3x = 21 (5) x-2y+1l=0 (©) 3x+y=8 3x - 6y +33 =0 6x + 2y = 16 For what value of "a" the system of equation 2x + 10y=14, 4x+20y+a =0 will have its graphical representation as coincident lines. Solve the systems of equations of x and y. x,y x42 a2, ax atpr > anby8. ~=2) axtby=a2 4b? ab 9. The sum of two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits is 121. If one digit is 3 more than the other. Find the number, 10. The cost of 2 chairs and 3 tables is % 800 and the cost of 4 chair and 3 tables is % 1000. Find the cost of 3 chairs and 3 tables. 11. Present age of father is 3 yrs. more than of three times the present age of his son, After 5 yrs the age of father will be 8 yrs. mote than that of twice the age of his son. Find the present ages of father and the son, 12. Points P and Q are 100 km apart on a high way. One bus starts from P and another from Q at the same time. If the buses travel in the same direction at a constant speed they meet after 5 hours. If the buses travel towards cach other, they meet after 1 hour, Find the speed of both the buses 13. A boatman can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find boat man's speed of rowing in stillwater and the speed of the water current. 14, The area of rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units if its length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units then the area is increased by 67 square units. Find the length and the breadth of the rectangle. Things to remember © While solving general system of equations a,x + by +¢, = 0 and a,x + byy +c, = 0 the following conditions arise. arb “When as then system has unique solution. byez = bac age) — ae2 x= Pica baer y= 8204 C2 Therefore *= ayby” aby ~ayb, & When = 242 then system bi uti eM 3 by * ey, then system has no solution a bo then system has infinitely many solutions. ° etary Indian Currency Rs. is presented by the symbol @ approved by Govt. of India. Introduce all students to use the symbol ® for the Rs. ee eee