Learning Elementary WORKBOOK For Class 8 FOR ICSE SCHOOLS «" , THERS PRAKASHANGOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS Sales & Registered Office 11/1903, Chuna Mardi, Paharganj, New Delhi - 110055 Guwahati Hyderabad Kochi Kolkata Bangalore Bhopal Lucknow Patna Post Box : 5720, Phones : 23584658 & 23582812 E-mail + info@ goyal-hooks.com Administrative Office + D-231, Sector 63, Noida-201301 (U-P.) Phone : 0120-3830000, Fax : 0120-3830001 + No, 203, 2nd Floor, Fomea Tower Branches : No. 51 (New) 87 (Old), East CIT Nagar, Sth Main Road, Nandanam, Chennai-600035 (Tamil Nadu) Phones + 044-24322767, Fax No, 044.24322777 Bishop Plaza, Col. J. Ali Road, Lakhtokia, Guwahati ~ 781001 (Assam), Phone : 0361-2735337 F-718/41, First Floor, Agarwal Chambers, 59-1121, King Kothi Road, Hyderabad - $0000 ‘Tele-fax : 23211332 Chelliyanthara House, Mzplassery Road, Vytila P.O. Kochi - 682019 (Kerala) Phone + 09847036566 84.A, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata - 700014 Phone : 033-22262683 Showrooms + 1681/3/4, Ground Floor, 3rd Main Ramamohangpurem, Bangalore - 560021, Phone : 080-23320655 Plot No. 203, Zone-Il, MP. Nagar, Bhopal-402 O11 (M.P), Tele-fax : 075S-4271371 B-318, Sector-B, Mahanagar, Opposite P.AC Main Gate, Lucknow - 226006, Phone : 0522-2320841 Ravi Kiran Apartment, Flat No. 2-A, Second floor, Near Water Pumping Station, Pani Tanki Lane, Pirmehani, Patna ~ 800003 © Reserved ‘Thoroughly Revised Edition : 2014 Published & Prinied by Roshan Lal Goyal for Goyal Brothers Prakashan, New DelhiCONTENTS Life Processes — Transport of Materials in Animals and Plants Life Processes — Control and Coordination Life Processes — Reproduction, Growth and Development Health and Hygiene Pollution and Conservation Food Production and Management ~ I Food Production and Management ~ II 5-14 15 - 29 30 - 46 AT ~ 5A 55 - 66 67-74 75 — 80Life Processes — Transport of Materials in Animals and Plants 1, Name the following : (a) Organs of circulatory system in humans. (b) Types of blood groups (©) Conducting tissues in plans. (d) Microscopic hairs present on the tip of the root. (e) The process of water loss from the leaves. (£) Two aspects of transport in higher plants. 2. Define the following : (a) Circulatory system :(b) Blood transfusion = (c) Universal donors (d) (e) Diffusion : (f) Osmosi: (g) Partially permeable membrane (h) Transpiration :3. Mention the function(s) of the follo fa) (b) {c) (@) (e) (fh g) (hy Heart : Blood vessels : Red blood cells : White blood cells : Platelets : Blood : Root hairs, Xylem :(i) Phloem: Answer the following : (a) What is the difference between arteries and veins? (b) From which organ does oxygenated blood go into the heart? (c) How does blood circulate in human body? (@) What is meant by blood groups? Give a brief account.(e) How does transport of materials take place in unicellular plants? (£) How do movement and absorption of water take place through the roots? (g) How does transpiration help in the upward movernent of water?(h) What is transported through xylem? (i) What is transported through phloem? (j) Mention the significance of transpiration. 5. Give differences between the following : (a) Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. (b) Osmosis and transpiration.(c) Red blood cells and white blood cells. Fill in the blanks (a) In human body, heart is located on the side of the chest cavity. ) carry pure blood. (c) The blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to different parts of the body are called (2) In Chlamydomonas, the transport of materials takes place by (e) Movement of water and minerals from the roots to other plant parts takes place through (f) Movement of food material prepared in the leaves to other plant parts takes, place through (g) Water passes into a root by a process called (h) Osmosis occurs through a membrane, (i) Movement of water occurs from a solution into a solution in osmosis. (i) Water is lost from the leaves by Mark (V) for correct and (X) for incorrect statements. (a) Diffusion is the movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration. (b) Xylem is a conducting tissue(c) Water in higher plants passes into the root hairs from the soil by the process of osmo (d) Both osmosis and diffusion require a partially permeable membrane (e) Cell membrane is a partially permeable membrane. (f) A partially permeable membrane allows only large molecules to pass through it (g) Transpiration helps in uptake of water. (h) Rate of transpiration is decreased if the air is humid. 8. Describe an experiment to demonstrate the upward movement of water in plants, 9, Write the correct term in each blank to answer the questions or complete the sentence. (a) What pumps biood through your body? 12aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.(g) Differentiate spinal nerves from cranial nerves. (h) Describe the structure of the following sense organs by means of labelled diagrams. Also state their functions. (i) Eye, 21Gi) Bar, (iii) Tongue.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.(v) Skin, (i) How is chemical coordination brought about in animals? 24(i) What are endocrine glands? (k) Compare the nervous system and the endocrine system. () Compare the voluntary action and the reflex action. 25aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.@ fe) o (2) (hy @ oO (ky oO (m) (n) (0) The neurons carrying impulses from the brain to the muscles are called Peripheral nervous system consists of The three main parts of the brain are , and Sense organs have special cells called for picking up information and transmitting it to the nerves. Hormones are produced by The master gland in the body is Adrenal glands are present above The hormone insulin is secreted by The hormone thyroxine is secreted by Blood pressure is controlled by the endocrine gland called Ovary secretes Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of 6. Mark (7) for the correct and (X) for the incorrect statements. @) (b) e) (@) fe) o (g) Each neuron consists of three parts called cell body, cyion and axon. The largest part of the brain is the cerebrum. Cerebellum maintains balance of the body. There are 31 pairs of cranial nerves. Hormones are secreted by duetless glands. For hormones to be effective in their actions, they are required in sufficiently large quantities The adrenal gland helps the body to fight stress, 27(h) The dermis of the skin is made up of epithelial cells. (i) The pigment melanin is present in inner layers of skin epidermis. (i) The sound waves from the outer ear are carried by the middle ear to the inner ear. (k) Cochlea is a part of middle ear. (1) Retina is present on the outer surface of the eye. (m) Hormones are present only in animals. (n) Thyroid is a master gland. (0) Endocrine glands are ductless, 7. Match the Column A with the Column B by drawing lines. Column A Column B (i) Cerebrum (a) Control heartbeat (ii) Iris (b) Inner ear (iii) Cochtea (©) Middle ear (iv) Stapes (@) Dermis (v) Medulla oblongata (e) Eye (vi) Sweat glands (®) Thyroid (vii) Hormones (g) Adrenal (viii) Cerebellum (h) Chemical messengers (ix) Goitre (i) Balance of the body (x) Stress (i) Centre for intelligence 28aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.(g) (hy w@ o (k) a (m) Vegetative propagation : Multiple fission Grafting + Tissue culture Growth : Radicle : Plumule :. 31aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.aa You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.