tmp9F54 TMP
tmp9F54 TMP
ABSTRACT
In order to realize the combining ability and heterosis of wheat, 21 hybrids were synthesised in a 7 7 diallel fashion
excluding reciprocals. Analyses of combining ability and heterosis over mid parent (MP) as well as economic parent (HD
2733) were undertaken for yield and its component traits. The experiment was conducted in 200708 and 200809 at
Crop Research Farm of CSAUA &T, Kanpur, UP. The results revealed that non-additive genetic variance played a
predominant role in the inheritance of most of the traits. The best combinations mostly involved high low and low low
general combiners for the characters under study. There was very rare case in which high high general combiners were
involved for best combinations. On the basis of gca and sca effects, 3 parents (i e K 7903, K 9465 and HUW 234) and 14
cross combinations (i.e. 5 top crosses namely HD 2733 K 7903, HUW 234 K 9423, HD 2285 K 2021, HUW 234
K 2021 and K 9423 K 2021) were found good general and specific combiners for higher grain yield and also for various
yield contributing traits, respectively.
November 2012] COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ANALYSIS FOR YIELD TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
917
(%), test weight (gram), seed hardness (by O.S.K. 201 grain
hardness Tester, type E capacity 50 kg in kg/Seed), protein
content (by Micro-Kjeldahl method in %) and grain yield per
plant (gram). The mean values were used for estimating the
heterosis and combining ability according to Griffings (1956,
a) model l method 2, which is a fixed effect model.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Average as well as economic heterosis
Heterosis for all the 14 traits studied was found with all
crosses. A wide variation of heterosis range, heterosis mean,
number of desired hybrids and best hybrid was found for
most of the traits (Table 1). Singh et al. (2004) stated that the
superiority of hybrids particularly over high parent is more
useful for commercial exploitation of heterosis and also
indicated the parental combinations capable of producing
the highest level of transgressive segregants. However, for
Table 1 Heterosis range, heterosis mean, number of desirable hybrids and best hybrid [over economic variety (HD 2733 and mid parent
(MP)] for 14 traits in bread wheat
Trait
Days to flowering
Days to maturity
Duration of reproductive phase
Number of productive tillers/plant
Plant height
Spike length
Number of spikelets/spike
Number of grains/spike
Biological yield
Harvest index
Test weight
Seed hardness
Protein content
Grain yield/plant
Heterosis
hybrids
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
EV
MP
Heterosis range
(%)
18.87 to 4.21
6.67 to 15.99
31.07 to 0.37
5.91 to 20.65
63.43 to 0.82
20.25 to 32.27
1.97 to 113.18
1.75 to 113.13
4.66 to 48.13
20.85 to 39.91
19.32 to 13.19
14.81 to 33.07
7.18 to 9.20
3.58 to 16.23
24.20 to 28.41
21.6 to 41.26
20.05 to 69.20
22.47 to 105.04
17.32 to 50.23
24.08 to 73.54
4.94 to 49.74
12.16 to 40.39
18.99 to 0.34
14.54 to 21.08
10.10 to 4.22
6.76 to 11.72
1.14 to 79.35
2.58 to 114.64
Heterosis
mean
No. of desired
hybrids
5.0
3.27
9.50
5.52
16.10
8.79
36.48
29.97
10.96
2.64
0.96
10.12
0.11
5.34
1.20
3.82
30.34
31.51
16.35
23.45
20.84
12.08
8.80
3.17
2.77
1.25
51.56
59.22
17
7
20
4
E V, Average value of economic variety (HD 2733); M P, average value of mid parent
9
13
21
17
4
12
10
16
9
15
6
13
19
19
15
17
20
17
11
3
7
19
19
Best hybrids
HD 2285 K 7903
HD 2285 K 7903
K 9423 K 7903
HD 2733 K 9465
K 2021 K 7903
HD 2733 K 9423
HD 2285 K 2021
HD 2285 K 2021
HUW 234 K 2021
HUW 234 K 2021
K 9423 K 9465
K 2021 K 7903
HD 2285 K 7903
HD 22895 K 7903
HD 2285 K 7903
HD 22895 K 7903
HUW 234 K 9465
HUW 234 HD 2285
HUW 234 K 2021
K 9423 K 7903
K 9423 K 9465
HD 2733 HUW 234
K 9423 K 9465
HD 2733 HUW 234
K 9465 K 7903
HD 2285 K 7903
HUW 234 K 9423
HD 2285 K 2021
10
* Significant at 5% level, ** significant at 1% level; gca, general combining ability; sca, specific combining ability; 2g / 2s, ratio of gca variance to sca variance; ( 2s/ 2g )0.5, degree
of dominance
6.55**
16.15**
0.16
0.71
15.99
0.04
4.75
0.62
0.24
0.01
0.07
0.23
0.3
1.81
0.29
0.67
0.01
0.03
0.66
0.05
4.69
17.31** 49.89** 52.39** 19.26**
34.45** 47.06** 97.93** 23.54**
0.14
0.04
0.07
0.02
1.91
5.54
5.81
2.14
34.31
47.02
97.86
23.52
0.06
0.12
0.06
0.09
4.24
2.91
9.11
3.32
1.23
1.13
0.03
0.13
1.1
0.12
2.91
0.63
1.51
0.01
0.07
1.5
0.05
4.63
0.5
36.76**
4.10** 65.89**
0.02
0.04
0.05
4.08
4.08
65.85
0.01
0.06
9.03
4.02
45.85** 477.85** 252.04**
10.06** 43.67** 41.20**
0.03
0.03
0.02
5.09
53.09
28
10.03
43.64
41.18
0.51
1.22
0.68
1.4
0.91
1.21
6
21
54
Gca
Sca
Error
2g
2s
2g / 2s
( 2s/ 2g )0.5
Test
Seed
Protein
weight hardness content
(g)
(kg/seed) (%)
Harvest
index
(%)
Biological
yield
(g)
Days to
flowering
Days to
maturity
Duration
of reproductive
phase
(days)
Number
of productive
tillers/
plant
Plant
height
(cm)
Characters
Spike Number Number
length
of
of
(cm) spikelets/ grains/
spike
spike
df
Sources of variation
Grain
yield
(g)
SINGH ET AL.
Table 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for combining ability along with estimates of genetic components of variance and degree of dominance for 14 characters in bread wheat
918
11
I, VI, IV
I, III
III, II
I, V
VII, IV
VII, IV
C.P.
A = SE (gi) +, B = SE (gi-gj) +, G.P. = good general combiner parents, H.P. = High per se performance parents, C.P. = Common parents based on gca and per se performance
I, IV
I, IV
I, VI, IV
I, III
III, II
I, V
VII, IV
VII, IV
H.P.
* Significant at 5% level, ** significant at 1% level, I = HD 2733, II = HUW 234, III = HD 2285, IV = K 9423, V = K 2021, VI = K 9465, VII = K 7903
VI, VII, I
VII, VI, II
0.19
VI, VII
V, VII
III, IV
VII, VI, IV
II, I
VII, VI
IV, I
VII, V
III , IV, VI
VII, VI, IV
II, IV, I
I, VI, IV
II, I, III
II , III
VII, IV
G.P.
0.09
0.06
IV, VII
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.08
B
0.05
0.05
A
V, I, VI, III, II
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.09
IV, I
0.12
0.18
IV, I
0.12
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.09
919
0.1
0.06
0.27** 62.3 0.25** 11.0 -0.23** 19.5 -1.63** 57.1 3.28** 30.5 -3.16** 46.6 0.90** 37.0 0.12*
VI
10.9
12.8 -0.03
10.3 0.08
10.3 0.54** 19.9 2.00** 64.1 -1.12** 26.7 1.57** 40.8 0.78** 35.0 0.12*
IV
9.7
9.7
11.4 -0.45** 10.7 0.2
56.9 0.51** 19.4 -0.26* 50.2 -0.63** 34.8 0.14*
19.7 0.05
-0.36** 68.4 -0.13** 10.1 0.02
69.5 1.96**
0.04
III
-0.23** 19.1 -0.57** 52.5 -1.27** 17.7 3.98** 54.7 -0.45** 34.8 -0.36** 10.1 -0.19** 11.9 0.43*
-0.97** 62.8 0.43** 10.9 0.47** 20.3 1.71** 58.9 -3.71** 25.1 0.31** 46.5 -0.80** 33.2 0.08
6.6
127.7 4.34** 57.1 -0.08
II
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Per
se
gca
Protein
content
(%)
Seed
hardness
(kg/seed)
Test
weight
(g)
Harvest
index
(%)
Biological
yield
(g)
Number of
grains/
spike
Number of
spikelets/
spike
Spike
length
(cm)
Plant
height
(cm)
Number of
productive
tillers/plant
Duration of
reproductive
phase (days)
Days
to
maturity
Days
to
flowering
Parents
Table 3 Estimates of gca effects and per se performance as well as their ranking (only desired)of the parents for 14 characters in bread wheat
gca
Grain
yield
(g)
Per
se
November 2012] COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ANALYSIS FOR YIELD TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
sca
sca
sca
Per
se
sca
Per
se
sca
Per sca
se
26.8 7.49**
1.06** 67.3 -1.07** 103.7 -2.15** 37.4 3.69** 12.4 -7.90** 61.0 0.67** 11.2 0.53** 20.9 3.26** 62.4 6.62** 35.8 1.24**
II x III
II x IV
II x V
12
IV x VI
IV x VII
V x VI
V x VII
VI x VII
0.25
0.17
9.1
0.2
0.13
114.7 8.10**
113.5 5.42**
113.7 5.84**
108.5 6.93**
117.5 0.23
8.2
8.4
0.21
14
45.9 -0.2
50.1 0.18
Per
se
sca
Per
se
10.8 0.18
sca
-0.1
19.5 0.64
40.7 0.02
17.3
0.14
10.9 -0.1
58.0 -0.21
16.9
59.1 -2.37** 35.3 0.87** 11.8 0.24* 12.7 3.48** 19.1
2.22** 22.2 18.21** 75.7 3.02** 37.5 -1.75** 49.8 -2.66** 38.1 -0.35** 10.5 0.82** 12.9 -0.32
10.7 -0.05
55.6 0.49** 38.2 0.60** 11.5 -0.09
12.5 0.25
17.2
12.3 1.89** 18.1
0.27
0.18
4.15**
0.11
0.08
0.25
0.17
0.51
0.34
19.5 0.49
0.27
0.18
0.35
0.24
0.19
0.13
0.16
0.11
0.15
0.1
56.3 2.45** 39.7 -3.38** 45.3 6.48** 48.7 0.48** 11.3 0.66** 13.1 0.36
0.53
0.36
18.0
-5.83** 65.0 1.26** 11.3 -0.39* 19.1 -3.90** 52.3 3.18** 37.1 -0.93** 48.3 2.23** 41.4 0.69** 11.4 0.27* 13.0 1.38** 17.9
-2.29** 68.3 1.42** 12.0 -0.44* 19.0 3.35** 58.2 -2.14** 32.7 9.59**
20.04** 93.1 1.75** 12.1 0.50** 21.0 -2.47** 56.9 -8.15** 24.7 16.36** 69.7 3.02** 45.2 -0.09
10.22** 83.0 1.44** 12.3 1.53** 21.9 4.84** 62.9 8.73** 42.5 -5.19** 44.9 8.98** 49.7 0.92** 12.0 -0.63** 11.6 2.40** 19.1
4.15**
-5.60** 63.7 -0.58** 10.1 -1.02** 18.9 -11.48**44.7 -2.10** 33.3 12.27** 60.5 -0.70** 38.6 0.83** 11.9 0.70** 12.4 3.16** 20.1
-0.26
0.90** 20.5 -1.85** 53.7 11.48** 45.1 -14.04** 38.5 -7.92** 31.5 0.24* 10.8 0.40** 12.3 0.21
10.2 -0.56** 18.9 2.69** 58.6 -2.05** 28.2 16.78** 69.9 -1.64** 34.8 -0.48** 10.0 0.24* 12.5 3.65** 19.7
I = HD 2733, II = HUW 234, III = HD 2285, IV = K 9423, V = K 2021, VI = K 9465, VII = K 7903,
A = SE (gi) +, B = SE (gi-gj) +, * Significant at 5% level, ** significant at 1% level
0.21
IV x V
III x VII
0.14
-0.28
III x VI
43.9 0.12
Per
se
72.2 1.42** 11.7 -0.88** 19.0 1.14** 58.3 7.19** 38.0 -3.80** 51.6 6.91** 77.8 0.98** 11.6 -0.24** 11.3 3.02** 19.7
6.71**
123.7 -1.82** 52.6 5.46** 14.1 -2.22** 67.7 0.94** 11.1 1.65** 21.3 0.47
107.3 3.59**
20.0 -0.68
sca
Grain
yield
(g)
SINGH ET AL.
67.3 -0.13
III x V
-0.34
III x IV
109.1 3.59**
117.5 1.36**
-0.25
II x VII
II x VI
67.6 0.64**
-2.27** 68.0 -8.05** 114.7 -5.59** 47.7 2.05** 10.3 11.20** 79.9 -1.91** 9.3
Per
se
Protein
content
(%)
58.8 -0.95** 26.9 -5.55** 43.9 0.91** 37.0 0.87** 11.8 -0.71** 11.8 -2.17** 11.8
71.4 -0.20* 10.8 -0.44* 20.7 -1.03** 60.4 -6.68** 20.1 5.74**
69.7 0.54** 11.3 0.67** 20.8 0.61
I x VII
0.42*
sca
Seed
hardness
(kg/seed)
Per
se
Test
weight
(g)
10.8 -0.65** 19.9 2.65** 62.1 6.69** 35.1 -6.57** 45.2 0.23
I x VI
-0.11
73.7 0.01
Harvest
index
(%)
Per sca
se
Biological
yield
(g)
8.2
Per
se
Number of
grains/
spike
sca
Number of
spikelets/
spike
8.9
Per
se
Spike
length
(cm)
IxV
56.5 0.27
Per
se
Plant
height
(cm)
I x IV
123.9 4.10**
Per
se
Number of
productive
tillers/plant
sca
Duration of
reproductive
phase (days)
Per
se
Days
to
maturity
Ix III
sca
Days
to
flowering
I x II
F1s
Table 4 Estimates of sca effects and per se performance of 21 F1s for 14 characters in bread wheat
920
[Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82 (11)
November 2012] COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ANALYSIS FOR YIELD TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
921
13