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Chapter 1functions: Elations

The document defines and provides examples of different types of relations between sets: one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. It notes that functions are special types of relations where each element of the domain has only one image. Functions can be represented using function notation that maps elements from one set to another set or using an equation showing the image of an element under the function. An example of the absolute value function is given.

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Dara Moore
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54 views

Chapter 1functions: Elations

The document defines and provides examples of different types of relations between sets: one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. It notes that functions are special types of relations where each element of the domain has only one image. Functions can be represented using function notation that maps elements from one set to another set or using an equation showing the image of an element under the function. An example of the absolute value function is given.

Uploaded by

Dara Moore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 Functions

1.1 RELATIONS
1. A relation between two sets is the correspondence between elements of one
set, X and elements of the other set, Y.
2. The diagram shows the 'square root of' relation between set X and set Y.
X
9
16

Y
square root
of

3
4
5

25

Domain

Codoma

Domain = set X = {9, 16, 25}


Codomain = set Y= {3, 4, 5, 6}
Objects = 9, 16, 25
Images = 3, 4, 5, 6
Range = {3, 4, 5}
3. There are four types of relation.
(a) One-to-one relation
Each object in the domain has only one image
X
9
16
25

Domain
(b) Many-to-one relation

Y
square root
of

3
4
5

Codoma

Each image in the range has more than one object in the domain but each
object has only one image

X
3

Y
multiple of

15
20

4
5

Domain

Codoma

(c) One-to-many relation


Each object in the domain has more than one image

X
15

Y
factor of

3
4

20

Domain

Codoma

(d) Many-to-many relation


Each object in the domain has more than one image and each image in the
range has more than one object

X
3

Y
multiple of

15

20

25

Domain

Codoma

1.2 FUNCTIONS
1. Functions are special relations where each and every object has only one
image. Hence, only one-to-one relation or many-to-one relation are
considered as functions.
2. A function can be represented by a function notation as below,
(a)

f : x y

The function f maps x onto y.


or
(b) f ( x)= y
Y is the image of x under the function f.
3. The absolute valued function is defined by

|f (x)|= f (x )if f (x ) 0

f ( x)if f ( x)<0

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