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Circuits 9 30

1) A real Fourier series represents a periodic signal as a sum of weighted cosines and sines with fundamental frequencies that are integer multiples of the signal period. The real Fourier series coefficients (a0, ak, bk) can be determined using orthogonality relations and integrating the signal over one period. 2) For an example of finding the real Fourier series coefficients for a half-wave rectified sinusoid, the DC coefficient a0 is 1/π, the coefficient b1 is 1/2, and all other bk coefficients are zero. 3) Passing a signal through a half-wave rectifier spreads the power across more harmonics in the Fourier series, including even harmonics and the DC

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19 views

Circuits 9 30

1) A real Fourier series represents a periodic signal as a sum of weighted cosines and sines with fundamental frequencies that are integer multiples of the signal period. The real Fourier series coefficients (a0, ak, bk) can be determined using orthogonality relations and integrating the signal over one period. 2) For an example of finding the real Fourier series coefficients for a half-wave rectified sinusoid, the DC coefficient a0 is 1/π, the coefficient b1 is 1/2, and all other bk coefficients are zero. 3) Passing a signal through a half-wave rectifier spreads the power across more harmonics in the Fourier series, including even harmonics and the DC

Uploaded by

tekellamerZ aka tekellamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real Fourier Series

Samantha R. Summerson
30 September, 2009

Real Fourier Series

Suppose we have a periodic signal, s(t), with period T . Then we can write such periodic signal as an infinite
sum (superposition) of weighted exponentials:

s(t) =

ck e

j2kt
T

k=

We can also write the signal using a real Fourier series, which is written as
s(t) = a0 +


ak cos

k=1

2kt
T


+


bk sin

k=1

2kt
T


.

Once again, we must derive a formula for the real Fourier series coefficients. We use the following orthogonality
relations:








Z T
Z 
2lt
1 T
2(k l)t
2(k + l)t
2kt
cos
dt =
cos
+ cos
dt,
cos
T
T
2
T
T
0
 T0
k=l
2
,
=
0 k 6= l




 T
Z T
2kt
2lt
k=l
2
,
sin
sin
dt =
0
k 6= l
T
T
0




Z T
2kt
2lt
sin
cos
dt = 0.
T
T
0
We apply this formulas to find the coefficients.
a0
al
bl

=
=
=

1
T

2
T

2
T

s(t)dt,
0
T


s(t)cos

0
T


s(t)sin

2lt
T

2lt
T

dt,
dt.

Note that if s(t) is an odd function, al = 0 for all l. If s(t) is an even function, bl = 0 for all l.
Example 1. Find the real Fourier series coefficients for the Half-Wave Rectified Sinusoid.

s(t)

T
2

a0

=
=
=

bk

=
=

2
T

1
T

T
2

T
2


2t
sin
dt,
T
0


 T
1 T
2t
2
cos
,
T 2
T
0
1
.

1
T




2t
2kt
sin
dt,
T
T





2(k 1)t
2(k + 1)t
cos
cos
dt.
T
T
sin

0
T
2

For k = 1,
1
T

T
2

2t

1 cos

!!
dt =

T
2

1
.
2

For k = 2,
1
T

T
2


cos

2t
T


cos

23t
T


dt = 0.

It turns out for any k 2, the coefficient bk is zero. We can find the ak coefficients in the same manner.

2
k even
(k2 1)
ak =
.
0
k odd

ak

bk

1
2

If we consider s(t) = sin

2t
T

, immediately we know
ak

0,

b1

1,

bk

0 for all other k.

This means we pass the signal s(t) into a half-wave rectifier, the real Fourier series coefficients change. We
can also see that the power of the input is greater than the power of the ouput. However, the power in the
output is spread across more harmonics; power is spread to the the even harmonics and to the DC component
(a0 ). If we passed the output from the half-wave rectifier thru a LPF, only the coefficient a0 would be passed.
This looks like a power supply.
For a full-wave rectifier, the output signal is the absolute value of the input signal.

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