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Skeletal Lab Report

The document discusses the history and structure of bones. It begins by explaining the Latin origins of terms used to describe bones such as the maxilla, radius, and mandible. Images then show the histology of bones. The third part discusses how factors like hormones, nutrition, exercise, and medications influence bone remodeling. The fourth part examines protein interfaces in bone structure. The fifth part provides a forensic case study example where bones were used to determine characteristics like age and sex.

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115 views

Skeletal Lab Report

The document discusses the history and structure of bones. It begins by explaining the Latin origins of terms used to describe bones such as the maxilla, radius, and mandible. Images then show the histology of bones. The third part discusses how factors like hormones, nutrition, exercise, and medications influence bone remodeling. The fourth part examines protein interfaces in bone structure. The fifth part provides a forensic case study example where bones were used to determine characteristics like age and sex.

Uploaded by

api-296590009
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BrittanyCarrasco

PartoneBoneHistory
TheMaxillarestrictstheupperjaw,thisLatinwordwasoriginallyusedbytheRomansto
designateboththeupperandlowerjaws.ItisbelievedthatthistermcomesfromtheLatinword
malaorcheek,orthatitispossiblyrelatedtotheLatinwordmaceraremeaningtochew.
TheLatintermradiusmeansaray.ItisalsorelatedtoaGreektermmeaningthespokesofa
wheelorarod.Therodlikeboneoftheforearmwasthereforenamedfromitsshapewhichwas
thoughttoresembleaspokeofawheel.ThetermwasintroducedbyCelsus
Meaningthelowerjaw,thistermisderivedfromtheLatinwordmandibulumorjaw,whichinturn
wasdescriptivelyderivedfromtheLatinwordmandomeaningtochew.(TechHealth)

Maxilla
Radial
Picturesretrievedthroughgooglesearch.

ParttwoBoneHistologypictures

Mandible


Osteoidis
depositedattheperipheryofcalcifiedcartilage

Imagedepictinggrowthplate

PartthreeBoneMatrixHomeostasis
Boneisthebasicunitofthehumanskeletalsystemandprovidestheframeworkforandbears
theweightofthebody,protectsthevitalorgans,supportsmechanicalmovement.(Emedicine)
Thefollowingimageshelpyouvisualizetheprimaryfactorsofinfluencingboneremodelingsuch
ashormones,nutrition,exercise,anddrugs/medicationsandhowitplaysaroleonthebones.
Also,
osteoidissynthesizedandthenmineralizedsurroundingtheosteoblasts,whichthen
becomeosteocytes.Whentheseossificationcentersfuse,aloosetrabecularstructureknown
asprimaryspongiosaisformed.

Normal

Vinegarsoakedbone

Cookedbone

CollagenMatrix

Yes

Yes

No

Mineralssalts

Yes

No(dissolved)

Morethannormal

Diseasesand
Disorders

None

Rickets

EhlersDanlos
syndrome

Characteristics

Red,Stillhasblood,
notshrunken,
cartilageisstillwhite
andshiny.

Fat,abnormally
flexible,andnothard

Hollow,cantbend,
cartilageistough

PartfourCurrentboneresearch
ProteinProteinInterfaces
Themaingoalofusingtheproteintoproteininterfacesistounderstandthemechanismsnature
usedtocreatediverse
hierarchicalstructuresandexquisitefunctionsinaspatiallyand
temporallycontrolledmannerfromasimplenanofibrousbuildingblockthroughproteinprotein
assemblyprocesses.However,justlike
collagentypeI,itformstransparentcornealtissues
fromorthogonallyalignednematicfibers,distinctivelycoloredskintissuesfromcholesteric
phasefiberbundles,andmineralizedtissuesfromhierarchicallyorganizedfibers.

PartfiveForensicCaseStudy
BodyInTheBasement
Thebonesareusedinforensicstohelpdeterminetheage,sex,andotherimportantfeatures.
Themaleskeletalsystemismorerobustthanafemalesskeletalsystem,thechinismore
squaredandafemaleschinismorepointed.Theolderthepersonbecomesthecranialsutures

fuseverytightly,whichmakestheskullthemostdynasticpartofthebodywhenitcomesto
forensics.

FieldexcavationoftheLeavyNeckskeletonin2001byarchaeologistJaneCox.Thispersonwas
buriedca.16651670inwhatisAnneArundelCounty,Marylandtoday.Imagecourtesyof:
SmithsonianInstitution.

APACitations
http://teachhealthk12.uthscsa.edu/sites/teachhealthk12/files/activity/downloads/Bones%20Tea
cher%20Name%20Cards%202C.pdf
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/skulltt.htm
https://encryptedtbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRpxTkvxhE6fpJK5NMewOr7lWRHyA
xTWEAo15BQDitk3g_qbCE
https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQR5SrvE0vQc70q14L9zaztig6CES
bFHbpVCK_fzGpBpfhCy8Ag
http://mentalfloss.com/article/50697/4diseasescausedlackessentialvitaminsandminerals
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1254517overview
http://www.healthline.com/health/ehlersdanlossyndrome#Overview1
http://leelab.berkeley.edu/index.php
http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/forensic_files.html
http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/images/G0002.jpg

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