Scribd
Upload
64 views

Fingerprints Part 1

This document discusses the history and science of fingerprint identification. It begins with the origins of fingerprint classification in the late 19th century pioneered by Alphonse Bertillon and Sir Edward Henry. The document then covers the basic anatomy and formation of fingerprints in skin, the three main fingerprint patterns of arches, loops, and whorls, and characteristics used in fingerprint analysis like ridges, deltas, cores, and minutiae points. Labs are outlined for students to practice lifting prints, identifying unknown prints, and analyzing ridge characteristics on fingerprints.

Uploaded by

api-294162496
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

Fingerprints Part 1

This document discusses the history and science of fingerprint identification. It begins with the origins of fingerprint classification in the late 19th century pioneered by Alphonse Bertillon and Sir Edward Henry. The document then covers the basic anatomy and formation of fingerprints in skin, the three main fingerprint patterns of arches, loops, and whorls, and characteristics used in fingerprint analysis like ridges, deltas, cores, and minutiae points. Labs are outlined for students to practice lifting prints, identifying unknown prints, and analyzing ridge characteristics on fingerprints.

Uploaded by

api-294162496
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Fingerprin

ts
Ms Clark
PVMHS

Student objectives
0 Discuss the history of fingerprints.
0 Describe the system of anthropometry and the role Alphonse
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Bertillon plays in it.


Describe the latest technologies in fingerprint identification.
Discuss the role of AFIS or IAFIS in criminal investigation.
Describe 3 basic types of fingerprints.
Describe the shape of a delta within a fingerprint & label a delta on
a fingerprint diagram
Compare the number of deltas found in an arch, loop, and whorl
pattern.
Describe any changes that may occur to fingerprints over time.
Describe the effect of someone trying to alter their fingerprints.

Student objectives
0 Demonstrate how to take a ridge count on a fingerprint.
0 Compare fingerprints of:
0 Identical twins
0 Brother and sister
0 Family members
0 Discuss the reliability of fingerprint evidence.
0 Define with an example each of the following types of fingerprints:
0

0
0

0
0

Latent
0 Patent
0 Plastic
Compare and contrast a plastic print with a patent print.
Given a partial fingerprint and several suspect fingerprints, identify
which suspects fingerprint is consistent with the one found at the
crime scene. Use 5 different reference points to confirm the match.
Demonstrate how to properly collect fingerprint evidence.
Demonstrate how to lift a latent fingerprint.

Labs:
0 Lifting prints
0 Preparing 10 cards
0 Identifying unknown prints

Fingerprints
Part I

History of fingerprints
0 1883Alphonse Bertillon, a police officer and statistician, invented

a system of body measurements that was used to identify criminals.


0 1901 - Sir Edward Henry established the first fingerprint

classification system in Britain. Also credited with introducing


police dogs to the London police force.
01903 - First official use of fingerprints in the United States (New

York City Civil Service Commission).


01924 - FBI consolidates over 800,000 fingerprint files from across

the United States.


01975 - The FBI introduces the Automated Fingerprint Identification

System (AFIS). This system allows the computerized scan of


fingerprints.

What are fingerprints?


0 All fingers, toes, feet, and palms are covered

in small ridges .
0 Ridges help us grip objects.
0 Ridges are arranged in connected units called

dermal, or friction ridges.


0 Fingers accumulate natural oils and dirt.
0 Fingers leave prints on objects we touch.
0 A fingerprint is an individual characteristic.
0 Even identical twins have unique fingerprints.
0 Fingerprints have general characteristic ridge

patterns that permit them to be systematically


classified.

Structure of Skin
0 Your skin has 3 layers:
0 Epidermis the top layer of skin that you can see and
touch.
0 Dermis the middle layer of skin that contains all your
blood vessels and sensory receptors.
0 Hypodermis the bottom layer of skin, primarily made up
of adipose (fat) tissue. Connects the skin to the muscles
underneath.
0 The bottom layer of your epidermis is called the stratum

basale. The cells in this layer are constantly growing


-undergoing mitosis (cell division).
0 The top layer of the dermis is called the papillary layer.
The papillary layer has projections called dermal
papillae that form your fingerprints. The papillary layer
and the stratum basale are touching.

Your turn:
0 Label the following structures on a skin diagram:
0 Epidermis
0 Sweat pores
0 Stratum basale
0 Dermis
0 Papillary layer
0 Dermal papilla
0 Sweat gland
0 Oil gland
0 Hair follicle
0 Hypodermis

Formation of Fingerprints
0 Fingerprints begin forming near the 10th week of

pregnancy
0 The basal layer of the epidermis grows faster than
the neighboring papillary layer of the dermis.
0 This causes the basal layer to buckle and fold in
several directions, forcing the papillary layer to
fold into complex shapes called dermal papillae.

Characteristics of
Fingerprints
0 Core

(the center of a whorl or


loop)
0 Deltas
(triangular regions near a
loop)
0 Ridge count
0 Counting from the core to the

edge of the delta


0 Distinguishes one fingerprint

from another

3 basic types of
Fingerprints

ARCH

WHORL

LOOP

About 5%

About 30%

About 65%

-of the population

Arch
An arch has friction
ridges that enter on one
side of the finger and
cross to the other side
while rising upward in the
middle. They do NOT
have type lines, deltas, or
cores.
Types
Plain
Tented

Arches

Loop
A loop must have one or more

ridges entering and exiting from


the same side. Loops must
have one delta.
Types
Radialopens toward the
thumb
Ulnaropens toward the
pinky (little finger)
Which type of loop is this, if it is
on the right hand? Left hand?

Whorl
A plain or central pocket whorl has

at least one ridge that makes a


complete circuit. A double loop is
made of two loops. An accidental
is a pattern not covered by other
categories. Whorls have at least
two deltas and a core.
Types

Plain
Central Pocket
Double Loop
Accidental

Whorls

Ridge Characteristics
Minutiaecharacteristics of ridge patterns

Ridge ending
Short ridge
Dot or fragment
Bifurcation
Double bifurcation
Trifurcation
Bridge
Island
Enclosure
Spur

Your turn:
0 Take one white balloon & an ink pad.
0 Blow balloon up part way, ink finger and place your

print on the balloon.


0 Do this for 2-3 fingers

0 Now blow up the balloon all the way.


0 Identify 10 minutiae points on each fingerprint using

a felt tip pen.

You might also like