Software Solution for Surveying & Civil Design

12d Model is powerful surveying, terrain modeling

& civil engineering software. It allows fast
production in a wide variety of projects including
mapping, site layouts, road, rail and highway
design, residential & land developments, and
environmental impact studies.
It is the complete, SURVEY, MAPPING &
DESIGN solution.

Contents

Base Product- DTM Builder

Survey

Volumetrics, Tin Analysis & Earthworks

Detailed Alignment Design
Urban Drainage

Rivers & Flooding

8
Input / Output 9

Visualisation

Additional Modules

10

Technical Specifications 12

Base Product - DTM Builder

Base Product- DTM Builder

The 12d Model base product contains all the options necessary to produce a digital
terrain model (DTM or TIN), including fast triangulation, contouring and sectioning
routines. It is graphically interactive to give immediate feedback to the user.
The 12d Model base product was written from the
ground up for the civil and surveying market. Work
flow follows traditional engineering ideas, making it
very easy to learn and use. The base includes the
string types 2d, 3d, 4d, interface, pipe, text, alignment
and super to allow accurate civil engineering and
survey modelling. Alignment strings provide
independent horizontal and vertical geometry and
are created and edited interactively on plan and
section views.
The base includes ability to do simple road and rail
designs, building platforms, storage ponds, dams and
canals while the Detailed Alignment Design module is
available for more complex work. When adjustments
are made to the strings or templates, a simple recalc
facility automatically removes redundant information
and replaces it with the updated geometry and
volumes. This is particularly useful when many trials
are needed to determine the best position for the
final design.

A powerful object based programming language is

included in the base product. With this language, users
can build their own options using 12d Models vast
library of graphics and analysis commands or by
defining their own routines.

Three types of views plan, section and perspective

can be created by the user for examining, constructing
and editing information. All views are automatically
linked so that data can be viewed and manipulated
using more than one view. The 12d Model section
view extends the concept of a section to include a
corridor either side of the string being profiled. Any
strings in the corridor can be displayed in the section
view. Hence potential clashes between the profile
string and utilities are easy to detect. The 12d Model
super string provides a simple tool for 3d modelling
of utilities such as telephone lines, electricity cables,
gas lines and drainage and water pipes.
Plots and reports of any of the data in the views can
be created at any time. Plots can be output in a variety
of formats including Windows printers and DWG &
DXF. Plot parameters are provided for tailoring long
and cross section plots. Final quality plots are produced
from 12d Model, including title blocks, true type fonts,
line styles and symbols.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Survey

Survey
With the survey module, users are able to reduce survey data, apply adjustments
and transformations, create and label subdivision (estate) lots, create traverse
spreadsheets, and create and upload setout data.
With the survey module, users are able to reduce survey
data, apply adjustments and transformations, create
and label subdivision (estate) lots, create traverse
spreadsheets, and create and upload setout data.
Raw data from
survey instruments
is downloaded by
12d Model or read
from a PC Card and
converted to 12d
Models Field File,
ready for reduction.
During reduction, a
mapping file is used
to apply line styles
and symbols, colors and line weights, and to separate
the data into models (layers), all based on your field
coding.
Field data is automatically strung based on field codes.
Coding by Field Templates is supported, allowing
dramatic increases in field productivity for string based
surveys.

Zone to Zone and general conversions between

Latitude/Longitude and Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM) projections, Transverse Mercator and most other
projections.
Transformations include affine, 2D Helmert, seven
parameters and NTv2 Grids. These include converting
between AMG/ISG co-ordinates and MGA co-ordinates
for Australia and converting between old and new
Circuits for New Zealand.

Field pickup includes arcs, pipes and culverts.

Corrections to field data (typically mis-coding or misnumbering of strings) are done on screen, and the
corrections are written back to the Field File. This
provides an audit trail of the office work, and allows
an UNDO facility to be provided. The original
observations are always available.

Elevation (height) adjustments including a simple

constant, user defined planes or difference surfaces.
Setout points, triangulations, centre line alignments
and design cross sections can be created and uploaded
to Total Stations and GPS controllers. 12d Model
provides seamless interface with TP Setout and TP
Stakeout and full support for Trimble Link.

12d includes both solar and star reductions without

requiring almanac details.

A full suite of COGO functions is included.

Geodetic calculations include interactive reporting of

longitude and latitude, Easting and Northing, projection
bearing and distance, and ellipsoid distance. Full
geodetic calculations are available in reduction.

Complete plan drawings including line styles, symbols,

hatching and title blocks can be produced. Extensive
drafting operations are available so a separate CAD
system is not required.

Traverse adjustment by Transit, Bowditch, Crandall,

Compass or Least Squares.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Survey

Traverse Spreadsheets
Plane and projection traverse
spreadsheets exist for entering
cadastral work by either using
the keyboard or selecting from
the screen. Data entered at the
keyboard is immediately
displayed on the screen.
Sophisticated traverse
spreadsheet drafting eliminates
most, if not all, manual drafting.
Line work is automatically
drawn in grid (Easting and Northing) co-ordinates but
is labelled with observed bearings and distances with
user defined rounding to suit most authorities.
Adjustments include Bowditch, compass, transit and
least squares. There is no limit on the number of
traverse spreadsheets that can be created and reedited. In the Lot Check option, existing plan
dimensions are entered and used to check area
calculations as well as ensuring lots are closed to
prescribed limits.

Estate Lots
House lots are created for residential developments
by a variety of methods including parallel, perpendicular
and swinging sides. Minimum frontages and areas can
be preserved. Existing lots can be subdivided. Arcs
can be subdivided by chords or tangents according
to either number, length or an arc-to-chord tolerance.
Lots are numbered and can be given user defined
types such as lot, park or road. Lot labelling includes
areas, numbers, types, labelling the side of lots with
bearings and distances (with user defined rounding),
and creating short segment tables for lines and/or
arcs. Lot reports include areas sorted by lot number,
lot type, or area. Lots can be coloured by area.
Functions exist to create point numbers and reports
for setting out the lots.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Volumetrics, Tin Analysis & Earthworks

Volumetrics,
Tin Analysis & Earthworks
12d Model provides a very systematic approach to volume calculations with good
provision for independent calculation checks. It is a general-purpose volume
computation routine suitable for a wide variety of applications.
This module is used for calculating earthworks volumes
within a user defined polygon using either end area or
exact calculations. Volumes can be calculated between
a triangulated model and a fixed height or between
two triangulated models. Reports of cut and fill areas
and volumes are given on a section by section basis
using the end area method, a height range basis by
the cell method, or on a depth range basis using exact
volumes. Depth volumes can be colour coded for
validation and plots.

The triangulation analysis module has options to

calculate surface area, depth contours (isopachs),
the intersection of triangulations, and options for
slope, aspect and viewshed analysis. Colour coding
can be used for the slope and aspect analysis. Land
use studies, landscaping and other civil design tasks
can benefit from this comprehensive suite of
triangulation analysis options.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Detailed Alignment Design

Detailed Alignment Design

Alignment design adds another dimension to 12d Model, providing the tools to
carry out full range civil design work, from basic roads to multi lane highways with
major intersections and exits.
The Detailed Alignment Design module provides design
capability and string modifier operations to allow
interactive design of the most complex civil situations.
The modifiers include:
modifying design cross-fall, road width and string
height between chainages
projecting the cross-fall between two existing strings
widening out to an existing string
creating cross sections at user specified chainages
modifying the height and/or offset of the hinge string
(allows easy design of roads with offset crown).
A separate Kerb return function uses the grades and
cross-falls at the ends of the kerb return to automatically
create vertical geometry. This enables the user to
rapidly create and edit kerb return alignments and
gives the ability to immediately see the effects of the
entire intersection design.

Decisions can be used in the design cross section to

allow, among other things, complicated cut and fill
requirements (multiple strata), decisions based on
depth below one or more strata or strings, multi-level
decisions (i.e. depth decisions, etc) and extended
battering including repetitive battering, fixed width
batters and battering relative to a string or strata.
Alignment design is fully interactive, changes can be
made with design at any stage, these changes will be
automatically reflected in other segments of your
projects (i.e. volume calculations, cut & fill sections).
Many operators use a three dimensional perspective
view to check their design as it progresses.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Urban Drainage

Urban Drainage
The 12d Model substantially reduces the time required to design a complete drainage
network, and increases design quality through holistic handling of design surfaces,
utilities (e.g. water, gas, electricity), clash checking and trench quantities.
12d Model substantially reduces the time required to
design a complete drainage network, and increases
design quality through holistic handling of design
surfaces, utilities (e.g. water, gas, electricity), clash
checking and trench quantities.
12d is the tool to create your drainage network. Layout
your drainage network on screen or by importing data
from 12d drawings and spreadsheets. When laying
down the network, 12d obeys minimum pipe cover
and grading. Powerful graphics helps avoid service
clashes.

12d creates plan drawings with

pipes to scale or stylized using
line types for pipe sizes/classes.
Automatically generate "intelligent"
title blocks to plot directly to your
plotter, complete with your logos
and auto incremented drawing numbers. The user
determines the look of the drawings.
Excavation volumes and pipe system quantities can
be calculated within 12d. User defined templates are
applied for trench shapes that vary with depth and
pipe size. Excavation volumes may be summarised
by depth (volumetrics module). Pipe schedules are
categorised by pipe types, sizes and/or depths.
You specify the ranges and groupings.

12d measures catchment areas, selects pit inlet

capacities, and determines bypass routes.
The drainage module interfaces with
hydrology/hydraulic design and analysis programs
including Drains, ILSAX, MicroDrainage, PC Drain,
RAT 2000, Spreadsheets, XP-SWMM, and XP-STORM.
This combines the "real world" power of 12ds terrain
modelling with specialised hydraulic design packages.
Analysis results can be brought back into 12d with
hydraulic data going directly onto your drainage profile
(long section) plots. Drainage profile drawings are
complete with hydraulic grade line, pipe flows, velocity,
and construction data. You select the data to include.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Construction schedules can be printed or the data

exported to spreadsheets including road chainages,
easting, northing, invert levels, diameters, pit types,
and remarks. You can also use the powerful 12d
programming language to create your own reports.
Flooded widths and roadway depths are shown
graphically in 12d. 12d calculates the width of flow
using normal depth calculations. For more detailed
analysis, HEC RAS projects can be created with
discharge results from your hydraulic design program.
Surcharge volumes from drainage pits are difficult to
conceptualize. 12d displays surcharge volumes as
the flooded area and identifies where spill from the
flooded area will occur. Volumes are read directly from
your design program/spreadsheet, or they can be
manually entered.

Rivers and Flooding

Rivers and Flooding

12d Models Rivers modules offer river engineers and mappers new levels of flexibility,
power, and productivity. 12d Model substantially reduces modelling setup time for
river, flood plain, and open channel studies.
12d Models Rivers modules offer river engineers and
mappers new levels of flexibility, power, and
productivity. 12d Model substantially reduces
modelling setup time for river, flood plain, and open
channel studies.
Start with survey data, airborne laser scanning (LIDAR),
cross-section data, USGS DEM data, CAD data, or a
combination of these to create a ground surface for
your river. Include buildings, roads, and channel
improvements and design.

12d Model efficiently handles several million points,

making it ideal for the dense data that results from
LIDAR, photogrammetry and traditional surveys of
large areas.
For additional clarity, aerial photographs can be used
as backdrops for your work.
The user specifies the river centre line, overbanks and
cross-section (straight line or bent) locations. 12d
Model automatically determines river levees and
exports the 3d river system to programs such as HEC
RAS, Mike 11, UNET, ISIS and XP SWMM. ISIS and
XP SWMM storage/reservoirs receive stage-area curves
directly from the surface tin.
The water levels are read from the output files or users
can create their own flood level files to map observed

floods. Calculated flood limits can be shown in plan,

section or perspective views. Flood inundation maps
with depth contours and coloring by depth ranges
can be quickly and easily prepared.
Engineering type drawings (river profiles and cross
sections) showing bed levels and multiple water level
profiles are produced. Drawings are complete with
"intelligent" title blocks containing both custom and
automatically generated data.
3D images of flood levels and flights down the river
are recorded in AVI movie format. Movies of the project
showing flood limits and buildings are perfect for
public presentations.
Full design features for engineered waterways as well
as volume calculation for storage areas, excavations
and embankments are also available.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Visualisation

Visualisation
The Visualisation module quickly produces realistic perspective scenes of your
design. Surfaces can be shaded, photos draped onto the terrain, textures applied to
surfaces and shapes extruded along strings.
A rendered perspective view or drive through provides
a realistic three dimensional image which is often the
easiest way to convey a design to a non-technical
audience.
The Visualisation module has a large number of tools
to quickly build and display realistic scenes of terrain
and design data.
Aerial photographs can be draped over triangulated
surfaces to produce realistic backgrounds for the
renderings.
Shading and textures are used on the new design to
improve realism.

A library of objects such as trees, lights, guard rails,

fences and walls is supplied with 12d Model so that
new users can immediately produce results. New
objects can be created using faces and extrusions to
cover almost all situations.
Routines to create road line markings, signs and
billboards complete the overall effect.
Drives down roads and fly overs can be written to Avi
files for future replaying and use in presentations.
The Visualisation module uses Windows OpenGL to
render the perspective scene.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Input / Output

Input / Output
12d Model offers comprehensive input /output options for seamless transfer
of data with third party packages.

ArcView Shape Files Input/Output

The ArcView module will read ArcView shape, shx and
dbf files into 12d Model. The mapping of any attributes
found in the ArcView file can be specified by the user.
Because the ArcView shape format has no string
name, colour, model or layer information this data can
be passed as attributes when writing data from 12d
Model to ArcView files.

DWG/DXF Input/Output
The DWG/DXF reader recognises most AutoCAD
entities, including blocks, and makes appropriate
interpretation in terms of 12d Model elements. The
DWG/DXF output module write out plots, three
dimensional data and triangles in DWG/DXF format.

Genio Input/Output
The Genio input/output module is used to read and
write Moss GENIO data files. The Genio reader
recognises the two default Genio input formats (version
6 and 7) and the Genio options 001 and 003 used for
format variations. Moss free format (using commas
and the "field-number = "syntax) is allowed. 2d, 3d,
4d, 6d, and G Strings are recognised (with names
preserved) as well as triangulations. Genio models
can be read directly into 12d Model models, or the
genio data can be mapped with users defined models,
colours, breakline type and linestyles.

LandXML Input/Output
LandXML is a developing standard for transferring
some geometric data between software packages.
12d Model endeavours to support this evolving
standard.

MapInfo Mif/Tab Input/Output

Microstation (dgn) Input/Output

The Microstation input/output module is used to read
specific information from a Microstation .dgn file and
to write out plots, three dimensional data and triangles
directly to Microstation .dgn files.

Geocomp Input
The Geocomp reader reads and interprets the data
contained in the Geocomp points and strings files.
12d Model macros are also provided to read Geocomp
lot files.

CivilCad Input
The CivilCad reader reads and interprets the data
contained in the CivilCad ascii file format. Both Version
4 and Version 5 CivilCad ascii formats are supported.

SDRMap & Design

The SDRMap & Design reader allows existing SDRMap
& Design users to import their existing data into 12d
Model.

The MapInfo module reads MapInfo Mif/MID or Tab

files into 12d Model. The mapping of attributes in
these files is under user control.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Additional Modules

Additional Modules
In addition to covering all facets of survey, mapping and design, 12d Model offers
optional modules covering a wide range of applications, so the user can complete
the job within one software package.

AMG to MGA
This module handles conversions between the
Australian AGD datum and GDA datum using
parameters or NTv2 Grids. That is, it can convert
between AMG/ISG co-ordinates and the new MGA
co-ordinates. The Survey module includes this
functionality but the AMG to MGA module may also
be purchased separately.

Digitizing
This module is used to capture existing drawings for
use as base data. Optional "stream mode" allows fast
capture of strings, especially contours. A filter may be
applied at capture time, preventing clustered points
in the captured data.

The digitizing module is especially useful for capturing

contour maps rapidly, thus allowing a DTM to be
formed and design work to commence.

Estate Lots
With this module, users can create and label
subdivision (estate) lots. This functionality is included
in the Survey module but may also be purchased
separately. For more details on Estate Lots please
see the Survey section of this brochure.

LINZ Landonline
Landonline is Land Information New Zealands
electronic database of land title and survey information.
With this module, data extracted from Landonline can
be used in 12d traverse spreadsheets without the
need for re-keying information. Cadastral data prepared
in 12d traverse spreadsheets can be electronically
lodged with Landonline.

An affine transformation is calculated using control

points, and is applied as the data is captured, correcting
for both map scale and paper distortions.
Digitizer button functions are completely user
assignable, giving operators the freedom to configure
the system to their liking.

Pavement Overlay Optimizer

Overlay of asphalt pavement is used to extend the
life of existing roads.
12d Model uses a sophisticated optimization routine
to determine the most efficient placement of material
to achieve design overlay thickness while providing
improvements to ride quality.
Road edges are allowed to flap within a specified
crossfall range so that best use is made of available
resources.

10

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

Additional Modules

Pipeline
This module is used to support the design of major
pipelines of any diameter (for example, 2000 mm) and
any length.
The module allows for the extraction of long sections
and cross sections against the digital terrain model
for the proposed route, plus all the obstructions that
run parallel or cross a corridor of user given width on
either side of the centre line of the route.
The joint deflection for pipes of a user nominated
length is calculated and interactively displayed along
the pipeline.
Earthwork volumes for trenches can be calculated
along the selected design line.
The special pipeline longitudinal plots show the existing
surface, design pipeline, depth of cut or fill to pipe
invert, percentage grades and vertical curve data or
deflection angles, and all obstructions.

Sewer - Waste Water Reticulation

The Sewer module is an extension of the drainage
module and supports the design of gravity operated
waste water reticulation systems, typically those
required for new land subdivisions and development
projects.
The user enters proposed manholes, pipelines and
end of line points. Obstructions which pass over, under
or parallel to the design lines within a user specified
corridor about the design line will be shown on long
and cross section views.
When satisfied with the design invert levels, connections
from the design line to the individual house blocks can
be added and reported on.
Earthwork volumes for trenches can be calculated
along the selected design line.
The special waste water reticulation longitudinal plots
show existing surface, manholes, design pipelines,
pipe grades, property connection points and all
obstructions. Long section plots to the Melbourne
Water standard are included.

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

11

Technical Specifications

Technical Specifications
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Windows 98, ME, NT4, 2000, XP and above

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Pentium II
Ram: 128MB
Hard drive: Minimum 100MB of free space
Monitor: XGA and above
Parallel or USB Port required
Mouse: Three-buttoned/wheel mouse preferred

MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT
All 12d Model purchasers have the option of a
Maintenance Agreement covering software support
and updates. Maintenance agreements are typically
in blocks of 12 months and in that time the
agreement covers all electronic copies of revised
versions of 12d Model containing updates and
improvements as and when the software becomes
commercially available. It also covers telephone
and email technical support. Customers on
maintenance will incur no additional license charges
for the provision of the updates of 12d Model
although a charge may be incurred for the supply
of CDs and printed material. Customers on
maintenance are also eligible for discounts on
additional copies of 12d Model.

12

Software Solution for

Surveying & Civil Design

12D Solutions Pty Ltd

PO Box 351
Narrabeen NSW 2101
Australia
Tel: +61 (2) 9970 7117
Fax: +61 (2) 9970 7118
Email: [email protected]