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Beams On Elastic Foundation

This document presents equations and concepts related to beam deflection. Some key points: - Basic differential equations are provided for beam deflection under various load cases. - Solutions are presented for beams with concentrated loads, uniformly distributed loads, and combinations of these. Solutions involve exponential and trigonometric terms. - Boundary conditions at load and support locations must be satisfied to determine constants in the solutions. Moments, shears and deflections are then calculated. - Shorthand notation is introduced to simplify the differential equations for beam deflection.

Uploaded by

Faisal Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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31 views

Beams On Elastic Foundation

This document presents equations and concepts related to beam deflection. Some key points: - Basic differential equations are provided for beam deflection under various load cases. - Solutions are presented for beams with concentrated loads, uniformly distributed loads, and combinations of these. Solutions involve exponential and trigonometric terms. - Boundary conditions at load and support locations must be satisfied to determine constants in the solutions. Moments, shears and deflections are then calculated. - Shorthand notation is introduced to simplify the differential equations for beam deflection.

Uploaded by

Faisal Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Equations

q(x)
M(x)

M(x+dx)
x

V(x)

V(x+dx)
k w(x)
dx

z,w

dV
= ( qW + q) = k w q
dx
dM
=V
dx
d 2M
dx 2

= kw q

M = E I

V = E I

EI

d 4w
dx 4

d 2w
dx 2
d 3w
dx 3

+ kw = q

homogeneous equation
EI

d 4w
dx 4

d 4w
dx

+ kw = 0

+ 4 4 w = 0

4 =

k
4E I

general solution of the homogeneous differential equation

w = e x
w '''' 4 w = 0

w '''' + 4 4 w = 0

4 = 4 4 , 2 = 2 i 2 , = 2 i = (1 i )
w = e xe i x

w = ex (C1 sin x + C2 cos x ) + e x (C3 sin x + C4 cos x )


example
w = ex sin x
w ' = ex (sin x + cos x )
w '' = 2 2 ex cos x
w ''' = 2 3 ex (cos x sin x )
w '''' = 4 4 ex sin x or w '''' + 4 4 w = 0

short-hand notation
Ax = e x (cos x + sin x ) ,

Bx = e x sin x

Cx = e x (cos x sin x ) ,

Dx = e x cos x

differentials
2
3
1 dDx
1 d Cx
1 d Bx
Ax =
=
=
dx
22 dx 2
23 dx 3

2
3
1 dAx
1 d Dx
1 d Cx
=
= 3
Bx =
2 dx
22 dx 2
4 dx 3
2
3
1 dBx
1 d Ax
1 d Dx
= 2
=
Cx =
dx
2 dx 2
23 dx 3

Dx =

2
3
1 dCx
1 d Bx
1 d Ax
= 2
=
2 dx
2 dx 2
43 dx 3

distributions
Bx = e x sin x

Dx = e x cos x

40

0
-20

B(x)
D(x)

-40

B(x), D(x)

B(x), D(x)

D(x)
20

B(x)
0

-1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x

3
x

Semi-Infinite Beams with Concentrated Loads

Po
Mo
x

wo

o
z,w

z,w

general solution of the homogeneous differential equation


w = ex (C1 sin x + C2 cos x ) + e x (C3 sin x + C4 cos x )

boundedness
w = e x (C3 sin x + C4 cos x ) = C3 Bx + C4 Dx

boundary conditions
M o = M ( x = 0) = E I

Po = V ( x = 0) = E I

d 2w
dx 2 x = 0
d 3w
dx 3 x = 0

w '' = 2 2C3 Dx + 2 2C4 Bx


w ''' = 2 3 C3 Ax + 2 3 C4 Cx
Bx ( x = 0) = 0 and Ax ( x = 0) = Cx ( x = 0) = Dx ( x = 0) = 1

M o = 2 E I 2C3 or C3 =

Mo

=
2 E I 2

Po = 2 3 E I (C3 + C4 ) or C4 =

2 2 M o
k

2 Po
2 2 M o

k
k

full solution

w =

2 2 M o
2 Po
2 2 M o
Bx + (

) Dx
k
k
k
Cx = Dx Bx
w =

2 Po
2 2 M o
Dx
Cx
k
k

2 2 Po
4 3 M o
= w' =
Ax +
Dx
k
k
M = E I w '' =

Po Bx

+ M o Ax

V = E I w ''' = Po Cx 2 M o Bx

end force load


Po

end moment load


Mo
x

x
z

2
x

w
3
4
x

x
M

Infinite Beams with Concentrated Loads

Po

x
z,w
symmetric deflection

w( x ) = w( x )
w '( x ) = w '( x )
w '(0) = 0
Po /2

w '(0) =

Mo

Mo

2 2 ( Po / 2)
4 3 M o
2 Po
4 3 M o
Ax (0) +
Dx (0) =
+
= 0
k
k
k
k

Mo =

w =

Po /2

Po
4

2 ( Po / 2)
2 2 ( Po / 4 )
Po
Dx
Cx =
(2 Dx Cx )
k
k
2k

w =

= w' =

Po
Ax
2k

2 2 ( Po / 2)
4 3 ( Po / 4 )
2 Po
Ax +
Dx =
( Ax Dx )
k
k
k
=

2 Po
Bx
k

M = E I w '' =

( Po / 2) Bx

P
+ ( Po / 4 ) Ax = o (2 Bx Ax )
4

M =

Po
Cx
4

P
V = E I w ''' = ( Po / 2) Cx 2 ( Po / 4) Bx = o ( Cx + Bx )
2
P
V = o Dx
2
Po

x
3
4

4
M
Po

2
x

Mo
x
z,w
symmetric deflection

w( x ) = w( x )
w(0) = 0
w '( x ) = w '( x )

Mo /2

Po

/2
Po Mo
w(0) =

2 Po
2 2 ( M o / 2)
2 Po
2 M o
Dx (0)
Cx (0) =

= 0
k
k
k
k

Po =

w =

Mo
2

2 ( M o / 2)
2 2 ( M o / 2)
2 M o
Dx
Cx =
( Dx Cx )
k
k
k
w =

= w' =

2 M o
Bx
k

2 2 ( M o / 2)
4 3 ( M o / 2)
3M o
Ax +
Dx =
( Ax 2 Dx )
k
k
k
3 M o
=
Cx
k

M = E I w '' =

( M o / 2) Bx

+ ( M o / 2) Ax =

Mo
( Bx Ax )
2

Mo
(Cx + 2 Bx )
2

Mo
Dx
2

M =

V = E I w ''' = ( M o / 2) Cx 2 ( M o / 2) Bx =
V =

Mo
Ax
2

Mo
x

w
x

Mo
x

3
4

x
V

Continuous running load on an infinite beam


q( x)
a

b
x

z,w

q( x)

q(x+dx)
x

z,w
dP = q(x ) dx
x
z,w

dw =

dP
Ax ,
2k

d =

2 dP
Bx ,
k

dM =

dP
Cx ,
4

dV =

for running load between x = a and b:

w =

b
Ax q ( x) dx
2k a

etc.

Constant running load intensity on an infinite beam

w =

q0 b
Ax dx
2k a

dP
Dx
2

Uniformly distributed load on a semi-infinite beam

q0
x

x
z

z
EI

d 4w
dx 4

+ k w = q0

q0
k

w =

q0
x
R
q0
k

w =

q
2 R
Dx + 0
k
k

so that

R =

w =

q0
(1 Dx ) ,
k

q0
Ax ,
k

w(0) =

2 R q0
+
= 0
k
k

q0
2
M =

q0

Bx ,

q
V = 0 Cx
2

q0
x
Mw

R
q0
k

x
w
w =

2 2 M w
q
2 R
Dx +
Cx + 0
k
k
k
2 2 R
4 3 M w
Ax
Dx
k
k

w(0) =

2 2 M w q0
2 R
+
+
= 0
k
k
k
2
q0

=
0
2 2

2 2 R

,
4 3 M w

w =

V =

R =

q0
,

2 2 R
4 3 M w

= 0
k
k

Mw =

q0

2 2

2 q0
( Ax Dx )
k

M =

q0
(1 Ax ) ,
k

(0) =

q0
(1 2 Dx + Cx )
k

w =

and

q0

2 2

(2 Bx Ax )

q0
(Cx + Bx )

2 q0
Bx ,
k

M =

q0

Cx ,

V =

q0
Dx

Uniformly distributed load on an infinite beam


A
q0

x
Q
a

b
z
q0 d
d
q0
x
Q

dwQ =

q0 d
Ax () if 0
2k
wQ =

q0
wQ =
2k

= a

dwQ =

and dwQ =

q0 0
Ax () d + Ax () d
2 k a
0

b
a

q0
(
)

+
A
d
Ax () d =
x
2k
0
0

Q =

q0 d
Ax () if > 0
2k

a
b
1

1

Dx + Dx

0
0

wQ =

q0
2 Da Db

2k

wQ

q0
2k

Da a Db b

a x
b x

a
= 1,
x

b
= 1
x

Q =

q0
Aa Ab ,

2k

MQ =

q0

Ba + Bb ,

4 2

VQ =

q0
Ca Cb

maximum bending moment

VQ =

q0
Ca Cb = 0

short loading span, A


only one zero at a = b = A / 2
M max =

q0

2 2

BA / 2

long loading span, A > 2


dominant zero close to left end b > 2
q0
Ca = 0
4

VQ

Ca = e a (cos a sin a ) = 0

M max

q0

a =

or

B / 4 0.0806

q
2

Beams of finite length

A
Po
x
a

b
z

general deflection solution

wA ( x ) = ex (C1A sin x + C2A cos x ) + e x (C3A sin x + C4A cos x ) if a x 0


wr ( x ) = ex (C1r sin x + C2 r cos x ) + e x (C3r sin x + C4 r cos x ) if 0 x b
boundary conditions

wA ''( a ) = 0 ,
wA (0) = wr (0) ,

wA '''( a ) = 0 ,

wA '(0) = wr '(0) ,

wr ''(b) = 0 ,

wA ''(0) = wr ''(0) ,

wr '''(b) = 0
wA '''(0) = wr '''(0)

Po
EI

symmetric loading
Po
x
A /2

A/2
z

w( x ) = w( x )
w( x ) = ex (C1 sin x + C2 cos x ) + e x (C3 sin x + C4 cos x ) if 0 x A / 2
w( x ) = D1 cosh x sin x + D2 cosh x cos x + D3 sinh x sin x + D4 sinh x cos x

boundary conditions

w ''( A / 2) = 0 ,

w '''( A / 2) = 0 ,

w0 = w(0) =

lim w0 =

A 0

Po
2k

w '''(0) =

Po 2 + cosh A + cos A
2k
sinh A + sin A

M 0 = M (0) =

lim w0 =

w '(0) = 0 ,

Po cosh A cos A
4 sinh A + sin A
and

Po 4
P
= o
2 k 2 A
kA

lim M 0 =

and

Po
4

lim M 0 = 0

A 0

Po
2E I

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