STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF

PETROLEUM FOR FISCAL PURPOSES AND FOR

CALCULATION OF CO2-TAX

12/5/2004
18/3/2012
Date

Final document
Final document

1
2
Revision number
Distribution
Open

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Foreword
This revision of the document is the result of a project carried out for the Norwegian Petroleum
Directorate by Didier Pabois of Cirrus Metrology through North Blaze (M) Sdn Bhd by Stig Arvid
Knutsson. Contact in NPD has been Steinar Vervik. He has contributed significantly to the layout
and content of this report.

Revision of this document

It is our intention to keep this document updated. Any comments or proposals relevant for
improvements or information about new standards, updates of standards or new relevant areas of
concern would therefore be appreciated.
Comments can be sent to Steinar Vervik, NPD ([email protected])

Revision history
Revision 1: First edition, 2004
Revision 2: Second edition, 2012
Drafts issued for comments from the NORSOK measurement standards editing committee.

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General Standards and Requirements
Table of contents
General Standards and Requirements .............................................................................................. 4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4
Measurement Units Reference Conditions ....................................................................... 6
Quality Management ........................................................................................................... 8
Third Party Calibration and Testing Laboratories............................................................... 11
Uncertainty ......................................................................................................................... 13
Liquid Measurement Systems ..................................................................................................... 22
General ............................................................................................................................... 22
Turbine Meter ..................................................................................................................... 26
Positive Displacement Meter ............................................................................................. 28
Coriolis Meter .................................................................................................................... 30
Ultrasonic Meter................................................................................................................. 32
Prover ................................................................................................................................. 34
Static Measurement of Refrigerated Gases......................................................................... 38
Sampling............................................................................................................................. 40
Pressure and Temperature Instruments............................................................................... 43
Density ............................................................................................................................... 45
Water and Sediments ......................................................................................................... 48
Viscosity ............................................................................................................................ 51
Flow Computer and Calculations...................................................................................... 52
Gas Measurement Systems........................................................................................................... 57
General .............................................................................................................................. 57
Differential Pressure Meters............................................................................................... 59
Ultrasonic Meters .............................................................................................................. 64
Coriolis Meters................................................................................................................... 67
Turbine Meters .................................................................................................................. 69
Pressure and Temperature Instruments.............................................................................. 71
Differential Pressure and Temperature Instruments ........................................................ 74
Density ............................................................................................................................... 75
Energy (Calorific Value) ................................................................................................... 78
Sampling............................................................................................................................. 80
Gas Chromatograph. .......................................................................................................... 82
Laboratory .................................................................................................................................... 88
Density ............................................................................................................................... 88
Water in Oil and Sediments ............................................................................................... 91
Multiphase Flow Regime. ............................................................................................................ 94
Multiphase Meters.............................................................................................................. 94
National and International Organizations for Standardization..................................................... 96
Addresses and Links ......................................................................................................... 96
List of Standards ......................................................................................................................... 98

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General Standards and Requirements
Introduction
This document describes the most used standards regarding fiscal measurement including multiphase
measurement for allocation purposes in Norway. The document lists the standards area by area.
Consequently when looking for a standard regarding online density measurement for crude, you should
go to the chapter Liquid measurements systems subchapter Density.
This document is meant to reference the most common standards for each topic. However, there may be
other standards that can be used even if not listed here. For liquid hydrocarbons, main focus is on
hydrocarbons also being liquid at atmospheric conditions.
The ISO standards are referred to as ISO nnnn:yyyy where yyyy is the year of issuing the valid revision
of the standard from ISO. This can be confusing since CEN may adopt the standard at a later date. As an
example ISO 6551:1982 is identical with EN-NS-ISO 6551:1995. In this document the year of issuing
the standard refers to the ISO revision year.
A common setup is used for all the chapters in this document. In each of these chapters you will find the
following paragraphs and content:
NPD regulations
This chapter references significant paragraphs for the topic in the following NPD regulations:
Regulations relating to measurement of petroleum for fiscal purposes and for
calculation of CO2 tax.
In general, only paragraphs discussing the instrument/topic directly are referenced.
NORSOK references
This chapter references paragraphs in the following NORSOK standards, significant for the topic of the
current chapter.
I-104 Fiscal Measurement systems for Hydrocarbon Gas (1998)
I-105 Fiscal Measurement systems for Hydrocarbon Liquids (1998)
The Norsok standards I-104 and I-105 are currently (2004) under revision.
This document does not refer specifically to which of the two NORSOK standards it is referred to since
this should be clear from the main topic (liquid or gas) in this document.

Comments to the NORSOK metering standards:

The NORSOK metering standards are based on international standards, and were developed to define
how a metering system can be designed to satisfy NPD regulations. The goal for the development was to
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replace oil company specifications and other industry guidelines and documents in order to simplify the
work for the manufacturers. The NORSOK standards include specifications for both Fiscal measurement
systems, systems for ownership allocation purposes and simpler systems to be used for marginal fields
where high accuracy systems can not be justified due to economical considerations and cost/benefit
analyses.
The NORSOK standards frequently refer to international standards and indicate how such standards can
be fulfilled. However, NORSOK within a few areas, also specifies simpler solutions than those specified
in the international standards, where such simplifications can be accepted in Norwegian developments.
One such area is calibration and testing of gas chromatographs where an alternative method is described.
Most significant standards
This chapter has references to national and international standards grouped by the individual
standardization organization. Only standardization organizations with relevant standards are listed.
This list of standards is, however, not meant to be a complete list of standards for the topic.
Consequently there can be other standards for each topic that may be important for a particular project or
used by individual companies, even if not mentioned here.
Comments
In this chapter we have included comments to the use of individual standards and possibly comments to
individual standards revision history if found significant.
For most topics, however, this paragraph is empty and marked None.
Abstracts of standards
In this chapter we have presented an abstract of each of the most significant standards. Most abstracts
presented in this document are abstracts taken from the standardization organizations internet catalog or
through participation in standardization commities. For the remaining standards the abstract is a
summary of the standard scope and introduction.
Other relevant standards
Other less significant standards for each topic are mentioned in the paragraph. When no standards
are listed this chapter is left blank.
TIP: regarding other related standards
To find even more standards related to each topic, you can follow the procedure below.:
1. Start from one of the listed standards
2. From one of the standard organization web sites or the PRONORM web site, find the topic
ICS code or the ISO subcommittee by searching for one of the known standards.
3. Start a new search and search for the ICS code/ subcommittee work. All standards in that group
will then be listed and thereby the most related standards to the topic are the starting point for the
search.

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General Standards and Requirements
Measurement Units Reference Conditions
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 9: Units of measurement
Section 10: Reference conditions
NORSOK References
No specific standards
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 5024: 1999

Petroleum liquids and liquefied petroleum gases - Measurement Standard reference conditions

ISO 13443: 1996

Natural gas - Standard reference conditions

ISO 13443: 1996/Cor 1:1997

ISO 80000-1: 2009

Quantities and Units Part 1 : General

ISO/IEC Guide 99: 2007

International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general

concepts and associated terms (VIM)

Abstract of standards
ISO 5024:1999 Petroleum liquids and liquefied petroleum gases - Measurement - Standard reference
conditions defines different standard reference conditions, important for calculation of standard
volume, heating value
ISO 13443:1996 Natural gas - Standard reference conditions specifies the standard reference conditions
of temperature, pressure and humidity to be used for measurements and calculations carried out
on natural gases and similar fluids.
ISO 80000-1:2009 Quantities and Units Part 1 : General gives general information and definitions
concerning quantities, systems of quantities, units, quantity and unit symbols, and coherent unit
systems, especially the International System of Quantities, ISQ, and the International System of
Units, SI.

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The principles laid down in ISO 80000-1:2009 are intended for general use within the various
fields of science and technology and as an introduction to other parts of the Quantities and units
series.
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM) provides a set of definitions and associated terms, for a system of basic
and general concepts used in metrology, together with concept diagrams to demonstrate their
relations. Additional information is given in the form of examples and notes under many
definitions. This Vocabulary is meant to be a common reference for scientists and engineers, as
well as teachers and practitioners, involved in planning or performing measurements, irrespective
of the level of measurement uncertainty and irrespective of the field of application. It is also
meant to be a reference for governmental and inter-governmental bodies, trade associations,
accreditation bodies, regulators and professional societies.
Other relevant Standards
API-MPMS 15: 2007

Guidelines for Use of the International System of Units (SI) in

the Petroleum and Allied Industries.

API-MPMS Chapter 15: 2007 Guidelines for Use of the International System of Units (SI) in the
Petroleum and Allied Industries specifies the API preferred units for quantities involved in
petroleum industry measurements and indicates factors for conversion of quantities expressed in
customary units to the API-preferred metric units. The quantities that comprise the tables are
grouped into convenient categories related to their use. They were chosen to meet the needs of the
many and varied aspects of the petroleum industry but also should be useful in similar process
industries.

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General Standards and Requirements
Quality Management
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 5: Management control system
NORSOK References
No specific standards
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 9000: 2005

Quality management systems -- Fundamentals and vocabulary

ISO 9001: 2008

Quality management systems - Requirements

ISO 20815: 2008

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Production

assurance and reliability management

Abstract of standards
ISO 9000:2005 Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary describes fundamentals
of quality management systems, which form the subject of the ISO 9000 family, and defines
related terms.
It is applicable to the following:
a) organizations seeking advantage through the implementation of a quality management
system;
b) organizations seeking confidence from their suppliers that their product requirements will be
satisfied;
c) users of the products;
d) those concerned with a mutual understanding of the terminology used in quality management
(e.g. suppliers, customers, regulators);
e) those internal or external to the organization who assess the quality management system or
audit it for conformity with the requirements of ISO 9001 (e.g. auditors, regulators,
certification/registration bodies);
f) those internal or external to the organization who give advice or training on the quality
management system appropriate to that organization;
g) developers of related standards.
ISO 9001: 2008 Quality management systems Requirements specifies requirements for a quality
management system where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently
provide product that meets customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and
aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including
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processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer
and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
All requirements of ISO 9001:2008 are generic and are intended to be applicable to all
organizations, regardless of type, size and product provided.
Where any requirement(s) of ISO 9001:2008 cannot be applied due to the nature of an
organization and its product, this can be considered for exclusion.
Where exclusions are made, claims of conformity to ISO 9001:2008 are not acceptable unless
these exclusions are limited to requirements within Clause 7, and such exclusions do not affect
the organization's ability, or responsibility, to provide product that meets customer and applicable
statutory and regulatory requirements.
ISO 20815:2008 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Production assurance and
reliability management introduces the concept of production assurance within the systems and
operations associated with exploration drilling, exploitation, processing and transport of
petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas resources. ISO 20815:2008 covers upstream (including
subsea), midstream and downstream facilities and activities. It focuses on production assurance of
oil and gas production, processing and associated activities and covers the analysis of reliability
and maintenance of the components. It provides processes and activities, requirements and
guidelines for systematic management, effective planning, execution and use of production
assurance and reliability technology. This is to achieve cost-effective solutions over the life cycle
of an asset-development project structured around the following main elements: productionassurance management for optimum economy of the facility through all of its life-cycle phases,
while also considering constraints arising from health, safety, environment, quality and human
factors; planning, execution and implementation of reliability technology; application of
reliability and maintenance data; and reliability-based design and operation improvement. For
standards on equipment reliability and maintenance performance in general, see the IEC 60300-3
series. ISO 20815:2008 designates 12 processes, of which seven are defined as core productionassurance processes and addressed in ISO 20815:2008. The remaining five processes are denoted
as interacting processes and are outside the scope of ISO 20815:2008. The interaction of the core
production-assurance processes with these interacting processes, however, is within the scope of
ISO 20815:2008 as the information flow to and from these latter processes is required to ensure
that production-assurance requirements can be fulfilled. ISO 20815:2008 recommends that the
listed processes and activities be initiated only if they can be considered to add value.
The only requirements mandated by ISO 20815:2008 are the establishment and execution of the
production-assurance programme (PAP).
Other relevant Standards
ISO 9004: 2009
ISO 10005: 2005
ISO/TR 10013: 2001
ISO 19011: 2002

Revision 2

Managing for the sustained success of an organization

A quality management approach.
Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality plans
Guidelines for quality management system documentation
Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management
systems auditing

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ISO/TS 29001: 2010

Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Sectorspecific quality management systems - Requirements for product
and service supply organizations
ISO 9004:2009 Managing for the sustained success of an organization - A quality management
approach provides guidance to organizations to support the achievement of sustained success by
a quality management approach. It is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and
activity.
ISO 9004:2009 is not intended for certification, regulatory or contractual use.
ISO 10005:2005 Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality plans provides guidelines for the
development, review, acceptance, application and revision of quality plans. It is applicable
whether or not the organization has a management system in conformity with ISO 9001. It is
applicable to quality plans for a process, product, project or contract, any product category
(hardware, software, processed materials and services) and any industry. It is focused primarily
on product realization and is not a guide to organizational quality management system planning.
ISO 10005:2005 is a guidance document and is not intended to be used for certification or
registration purposes.
ISO 19011:2002 Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing provides
guidance on the principles of auditing, managing audit programmes, conducting quality
management system audits and environmental management system audits, as well as guidance on
the competence of quality and environmental management system auditors. It is applicable to all
organizations needing to conduct internal or external audits of quality and/or environmental
management systems or to manage an audit programme. The application of ISO 19011 to other
types of audits is possible in principle provided that special consideration is paid to identifying
the competence needed by the audit team members in such cases.
ISO/TS 29001:2010 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries -- Sector-specific quality
management systems -- Requirements for product and service supply organizations defines the
quality management system for product and service supply organizations for the petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries. Boxed text is original ISO 9001:2008 text unaltered and
in its entirety. The petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industry sector-specific
supplemental requirements are outside the boxes.

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General Standards and Requirements
Third Party Calibration and Testing Laboratories
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 11: Determination of energy content etc .
Section 19: General (calibration)
Section 21: Calibration of instrument part
Section 23: Maintenance
Section 31: Calibration documents
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.4: General requirements Calibration
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and Commissioning
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.4: General requirements Calibration
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and Commissioning
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO/IEC 17025: 2005

General requirements for the competence of testing and

calibration laboratories

Abstract of standards
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests and/or calibrations,
including sampling. It covers testing and calibration performed using standard methods, nonstandard methods, and laboratory-developed methods. It is applicable to all organizations
performing tests and/or calibrations. These include, for example, first-, second- and third-party
laboratories, and laboratories where testing and/or calibration forms part of inspection and
product certification. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the
number of personnel or the extent of the scope of testing and/or calibration activities. When a
laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by ISO/IEC 17025:2005, such
as sampling and the design/development of new methods, the requirements of those clauses do
not apply. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is for use by laboratories in developing their management system

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for quality, administrative and technical operations. Laboratory customers, regulatory authorities
and accreditation bodies may also use it in confirming or recognizing the competence of
laboratories. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is not intended to be used as the basis for certification of
laboratories. Compliance with regulatory and safety requirements on the operation of laboratories
is not covered by ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
Other relevant Standards
ISO/IEC 17021: 2011

Conformity assessment -- Requirements for bodies providing

audit and certification of management systems

ISO/IEC Guide 28: 2004

Conformity assessment -- Guidance on a third-party certification

system for products

ISO/IEC 17021:2011 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification
of management systems contains principles and requirements for the competence, consistency
and impartiality of the audit and certification of management systems of all types (e.g. quality
management systems or environmental management systems) and for bodies providing these
activities. Certification bodies operating to ISO/IEC 17021:2011 need not offer all types of
management system certification. Certification of management systems is a third-party
conformity assessment activity. Bodies performing this activity are therefore third-party
conformity assessment bodies.
ISO/IEC Guide 28:2004 Conformity assessment - Guidance on a third-party certification system for
products gives general guidelines for a specific product certification system. It is applicable to a
third-party product certification system for determining the conformity of a product with
specified requirements through initial testing of samples of the product, assessment and
surveillance of the involved quality system, and surveillance by testing of product samples taken
from the factory or the open market, or both. ISO/IEC Guide 28:2004 addresses conditions for
use of a mark of conformity and conditions for granting a certificate of conformity.

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General Standards and Requirements
Uncertainty
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 8a: Allowable measurement uncertainty for measuring systems for liquids other than water
Section 15: Maintenance
Section 16: The computer part of the metering system
Section 20: Calibration of mechanical part
Section 23: Maintenance
Section 28: Documentation prior to start up of the metering system
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.2: General requirements Uncertainty
Section 5.1.2: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Products/Services
Section 5.1.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Performances Capacity
Section 5.1.4.2: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Performances
Uncertainty
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part Meter
runs and header design
Section 5.2.2.4: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part
Flowmeter design
Section 5.2.3.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Instrument part
Temperature loop
Section 5.2.3.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Instrument part Direct
density measurement
Section 6.1.4.2: Fuel gas measurement Functional requirements - Performance Uncertainty
Section 7.1.4.2: Flare gas measurement Functional requirements - Performance Uncertainty
Section 9.1.4.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements - Performance Uncertainty
Section 9.2.4: Gas chromatograph Technical requirements Calibration equipment
Annex C: (Informative) System selection criteria
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.2: General requirements Uncertainty
Section 5.1.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Performances Capacity
Section 5.1.4.2: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Performances
Uncertainty
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Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design
Section 5.2.3.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
unit - Conventional pipe prover
Section 5.2.3.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
unit - Compact prover
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Temperature loop
Section 5.2.4.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Density
Section 6.1.4.1: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance Capacity
Section 6.1.4.2: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance Uncertainty
Section 7.1.4.2: Oil sampler systems Functional requirements Performance Uncertainty
Annex C: (Informative) System selection criteria
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1: 2009
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3: 2008

Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 1: Introduction to the

expression of uncertainty in measurement
Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)

NFOGM Standards
NFOGM 2001
NFOGM 2003

Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Ultrasonic Fiscal Gas

Metering Station
Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Fiscal Orifice Gas and
Turbine Oil Metering Station

Abstract of standards
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1:2009 Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 1: Introduction to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement provides a brief introduction to the Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM) in order to indicate the relevance of that fundamental guide
and promote its use. It also outlines documents related to the GUM that are intended to extend the
application of that guide to broader categories and fields of practical problems. ISO/IEC Guide
98-1:2009 addresses measurement science at a level that is suitable for those readers who have
received training at least to the second year of a science- or engineering-based degree course
containing some teaching of probability theory and statistics. It also considers various concepts
used in measurement science. In particular, it covers the need to characterize the quality of a
measurement through appropriate statements of measurement uncertainty. This introductory
document also outlines the recent evolution of thinking regarding measurement uncertainty.

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ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty
in measurement (GUM: 1995) is a reissue of the 1995 version of the Guide to the Expression of
Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), with minor corrections. This Guide establishes general rules
for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement that can be followed at various levels
of accuracy and in many fields from the shop floor to fundamental research. The principles of
this Guide are intended to be applicable to a broad spectrum of measurements, including those
required for:
maintaining quality control and quality assurance in production;
complying with and enforcing laws and regulations;
conducting basic research, and applied research and development, in science and
engineering;
calibrating standards and instruments and performing tests throughout a national
measurement system in order to achieve traceability to national standards;
developing, maintaining, and comparing international and national physical reference
standards, including reference materials.
NFOGM 2001: Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Ultrasonic Fiscal Gas Metering Station is
accompanied with an Excel program that provides a practical approach to the field of uncertainty
calculations for ultrasonic fiscal gas metering stations. The document is primarily written for
experienced users and operators of fiscal gas metering stations as well as manufacturers of
ultrasonic gas flow meters and engineering personnel.
NFOGM 2003: Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Fiscal Orifice Gas and Turbine Oil Metering
Station is a handbook and spread sheet that can be used to calculate the system uncertainty. The
handbook is based on the GUM. (ISO report Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement). The spread sheets, one for orifice meters and one for turbine meter stations,
consist of a number of pages covering all single instruments used in the respective metering
station.
Other relevant Standards
ISO/IEC NP Guide 98-2 (1)
ISO/IEC NP Guide 98-4 (1)
ISO/IEC NP Guide 98-5 (1)
ISO/DTR 13587 (1)
ISO 5168:2005
ISO 6974-1: 2000

ISO 6974-2: 2001

Revision 2

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 2: Concepts and basic

principles
Uncertainty of measurement - Part 4: Role of measurement
uncertainty in conformity assessment
Uncertainty of measurement - Part 5: Applications of the leastsquares method
Three statistical approaches for the assessment and interpretation
of measurement uncertainty
Measurement of fluid flow - Procedures for the evaluation of
uncertainties
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 1: Guidelines for
tailored analysis
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 2: Measuring-system
characteristics and statistics for processing of data

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Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 3: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns
ISO 6974-4: 2000
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 4: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for
a laboratory and on-line measuring system using two columns
ISO 6974-5: 2000
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 5: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for
a laboratory and on-line process application using three columns
ISO 6974-6: 2002
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 6: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to
C8 hydrocarbons using three capillary columns
ISO/TR 7066-1: 1997
Assessment of uncertainty in calibration and use of flow
measurement devices - Part 1: Linear calibration relationships
ISO 7066-2: 1988
Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow
measurement devices - Part 2: Non-linear calibration
relationships
ISO 21748: 2010
Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and
trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty estimation
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 Suppl 1: Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method.
2008
API MPMS 13.1: 2011
Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement
API MPMS 13.2: 2011
Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data
ISO 6974-3: 2000

(1): Not published at time of edition.

ISO 5168:2005 Measurement of fluid flow -- Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties establishes
general principles and describes procedures for evaluating the uncertainty of a fluid flow-rate or
quantity. A step-by-step procedure for calculating uncertainty is given.
ISO 6974-1: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 1: Guidelines for tailored analysis gives guidelines for the quantitative
analysis of natural-gas-containing constituents within the application ranges given in Table 1.
Individual methods, as described in part 3 and subsequent parts of ISO 6974, may have more
restricted application ranges than those in Table 1, but in all cases they will fall within this overall
scope of the ranges given.

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Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butanes
Pentanes
Hexanes and heavier

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 5
0,001 to 60
0,001 to 35
40 to 100
0,02 to 15
0,001 to 25
0,000 1 to 5
0,000 1 to 1
0,000 1 to 0,5

ISO 6974-2: 2001 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 2: Measuring-system characteristics and statistics for processing of data
describes the data processing for the tailored analysis of natural gas. It includes the determination
of the measuring system characteristics and the statistical approach to data handling and error
calculation with the aim of defining the uncertainty in the mole fractions of the component
measured. This part of ISO 6974 is only applicable in conjunction with part 1 of ISO 6974.
ISO 6974-3: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 3: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns describes a gas chromatographic method
for the quantitative determination of the content of helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples using two packed columns. This
method is applicable to determinations made in on-line processes or in the laboratory. It is
applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within the mole fraction ranges given
in Table 1 and which do not contain any hydrocarbon condensate. These ranges do not represent
the limits of detection, but the limits within which the stated precision of the method applies.
Although one or more components in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still
be applicable. This part of ISO 6974 is only applicable in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO
6974.

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Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Helium
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butanes
Pentanes
Hexanes to octanes

Mole fraction range %

0,01 to 0,5
0,01 to 0,5
0,1 to 0,5
0,1 to 40
0,1 to 30
50 to 100
0,1 to 15
0,001 to 5
0,000 1 to 2
0,000 1 to 1
0,000 1 to 0,5

ISO 6974-4: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 4: Determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+
hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line measuring system using two columns describes a gas
chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of natural gas constituents using a
two-column system. This method is applicable to determinations made in on-line processes or in
the laboratory. It is applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within the mole
fraction ranges given in Table 1. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection, but the
limits within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more components
in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still be applicable. This part of ISO 6974
is only applicable if used in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO 6974.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
n-Butane
neo -Pentane (2,2dimethylpropane)
iso -Pentane (2-methylbutane)
n-Pentane
Hexanes _ sum of all C6 and
higher hydrocarbons

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 15,0
0,001 to 10
75 to 100
0,001 to 10,0
0,001 to 3,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,2

ISO 6974-5: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 5: Determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+
hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line process application using three columns describes a
gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of natural gas constituents using a
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three-column system. This method is applicable to natural gases of limited range, on-line and
automatically calibrating on a regular basis for gas samples not containing any hydrocarbon
condensate and/or water. It is applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within
the mole fraction ranges given in Table 1. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection,
but the limits within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more
components in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still be applicable. This part
of ISO 6974 is only applicable if used in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO 6974.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
n-Butane
neo -Pentane (2,2-dimethylpropane)
iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane)
n-Pentane
Hexanes _ sum of all C6 and higher
hydrocarbons

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 15,0
0,001 to 8,5
75 to 100
0,001 to 10,0
0,001 to 3,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 1,0

ISO 6974-6: 2002 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 6: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons using three capillary columns describes a gas chromatographic
method for the quantitative determination of the content of helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples using three capillary columns.
This method is applicable to the determination of these gases within the mole fraction ranges
varying from 0,000 1 % to 40 %, depending on the component analyzed, and is commonly used
for laboratory applications. However, it is only applicable to methane within the mole fraction
range of 40 % to 100 %. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection, but the limits
within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more components in a
sample may not be present at detectable levels, the method can still be applicable. ISO 69746:2002 is only applicable if used in conjunction with ISO 6974-1:2000 and ISO 6974-2:2001.
This method can also be applicable to the analysis of natural gas substitutes. Additional
information on the applicability of this method to the determination of natural gas substitutes is
also given where relevant.
ISO/TR 7066-1:1997 Assessment of uncertainty in calibration and use of flow measurement devices -Part 1: Linear calibration relationships describes the procedures to be used in deriving the
calibration curve for methods of measuring the flowrate in closed conduits or open channels, and
for assessing the uncertainty associated with such calibrations. Replaces the first edition
published as an International Standard (ISO 7066-1).
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ISO 7066-2:1988 Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices -Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationships describes the procedures for fitting a quadratic, cubic
or higher degree polynomial expression to a non-linear set of calibration data, using the leastsquares criterion, and of assessing the uncertainty associated with the resulting calibration curve.
The method of fitting a straight line to flow measurement calibration data is dealt with in ISO
7066-1.
ISO 21748:2010 Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in
measurement uncertainty estimation gives guidance for evaluation of measurement uncertainties
using data obtained from studies conducted in accordance with ISO 5725-2:1994; comparison of
collaborative study results with measurement uncertainty (MU) obtained using formal principles
of uncertainty propagation. (ISO 5725-3:1994 provides additional models for studies of
intermediate precision. However, while the same general approach may be applied to the use of
such extended models, uncertainty evaluation using these models is not incorporated in ISO
21748:2010.) ISO 21748:2010 is applicable in all measurement and test fields where an
uncertainty associated with a result has to be determined. It does not describe the application of
repeatability data in the absence of reproducibility data. ISO 21748:2010 assumes that
recognized, non-negligible systematic effects are corrected, either by applying a numerical
correction as part of the method of measurement, or by investigation and removal of the cause of
the effect. The recommendations in ISO 21748:2010 are primarily for guidance. It is recognized
that while the recommendations presented do form a valid approach to the evaluation of
uncertainty for many purposes, it is also possible to adopt other suitable approaches. In general,
references to measurement results, methods and processes in ISO 21748:2010 are normally
understood to apply also to testing results, methods and processes.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl 1:2008 Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method
provides a general numerical approach, consistent with the broad principles of the Guide to the
expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), for carrying out the calculations required as
part of an evaluation of measurement uncertainty. The approach applies to arbitrary models
having a single output quantity where the input quantities are characterized by any specified
probability density functions (PDFs). ISO/IEC Guide 98-3/Suppl.1:2008 is primarily concerned
with the expression of uncertainty in the measurement of a well-defined physical quantitythe
measurandthat can be characterized by an essentially unique value. It provides guidance in
situations where the conditions for the GUM uncertainty framework are not fulfilled, or it is
unclear whether they are fulfilled. It can be used when it is difficult to apply the GUM uncertainty
framework, because of the complexity of the model, for example. Guidance is given in a form
suitable for computer implementation. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3/Suppl.1:2008 can be used to provide
(a representation of) the PDF for the output quantity from which (a) an estimate of the output
quantity, (b) the standard uncertainty associated with this estimate, and (c) a coverage interval for
that quantity, corresponding to a specified coverage probability, can be obtained. For a prescribed
coverage probability, it can be used to provide any required coverage interval, including the
probabilistically symmetric coverage interval and the shortest coverage interval. ISO/IEC Guide
98-3/Suppl.1:2008 applies to input quantities that are independent, where each such quantity is
assigned an appropriate PDF, or not independent, i.e. when some or all of these quantities are
assigned a joint PDF. Detailed examples illustrate the guidance provided.

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API MPMS 13.1: 2011 Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement designed to help those
who make measurement of bulk oil quantities improve the value of their result statement by
making proper estimates of the uncertainty or probable error involved in measurements.
API MPMS 13.2: 2011 Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data addresses procedures for
evaluating any meter's performance where meter proving factors are developed in accordance
with Chapter 12.2. The data in examples used in this chapter are intended to be typical of custody
transfer operations of low-vapor-pressure fluids using displacement or turbine meters in
accordance with Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of API's Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.
However, the procedures in Chapter 13.2 can be used for noncustody transfer metering
applications and for custody transfer metering of high -vapor-pressure and gaseous fluids where
meter proving data are available.

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Liquid Measurement System
General
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
All sections

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
All sections

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 1998-6: 2000
ISO 11631: 1998

Petroleum industry -- Terminology -- Part 6: Measurement

Measurement of fluid flow -- Methods of specifying flowmeter
performance

OIML Recommendation
R117-1: 2007

Dynamic measurement systems for liquids other than water

API Standards
API MPMS 5.1: 2008

General Considerations for Measurement by Meters

Abstract of standards
ISO 1998-6:2000 Petroleum industry -- Terminology -- Part 6: Measurement introduces a list of
equivalent English and French terms, in use in the petroleum industry to indicate the
measurement of crude oils and petroleum products, together with the corresponding definitions in
the two languages. ISO 1998 is intended to cover the purposes of this part of petroleum industry
dealing with crude oils and petroleum products that means all related operations arising from the
production field to the final user. It is not intended to cover either petroleum equipment, or any
operation in the field. However some pieces of equipment or some operations of exploration and
production are defined. The corresponding terms were introduced only when they appear in a
definition of a product or process and when their definition was found necessary for
understanding or for avoiding any ambiguity.

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ISO 11631:1998 Measurement of fluid flow -- Methods of specifying flowmeter performance applies to
technical specifications and descriptions issued by manufacturers of flowmeters. It specifies
methods of describing the performance of any flowmeter, for use in either closed conduits or
open channels. It indicates how flowmeters may be classified according to their traceability
group, and specifies how manufacturer's statements on traceability, quality assurance and
conditions of use should be expressed, although further statements may be required for other
conditions of use.
OIML R117-1:2007 specifies the metrological and technical requirements applicable to dynamic
measuring systems for quantities (volume or mass) of liquids other than water subject to legal
metrology controls. It also provides requirements for the approval of parts of the measuring
systems (meter, etc.).
API MPMS 5.1:2008 General Considerations for Measurement by Meters Intended to be a guide for the
proper specification, installation, and operation of meter runs designed to dynamically measure
liquid hydrocarbons so that acceptable accuracy, service life, safety, reliability, and quality
control can be achieved. API MPMS Chapter 5 also includes information that will assist in
troubleshooting and improving the performance of meters.

Other relevant Standards

ISO 91-1: 1992 (2)
ISO 91-2: 1991 (2)
ISO 2714: 1980
ISO 2715: 1981
ISO 4124: 1994
ISO 9770: 1989
ISO 10790: 1999

API MPMS 5.2: 2005

API MPMS 5.3: 2009
API MPMS 5.6: 2008
API MPMS 5.8: 2005

Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 1: Tables based on

reference temperatures of 15 degrees C and 60 degrees F
Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 2: Tables based on a
reference temperature of 20 degrees C
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by
displacement meter systems other than dispensing pumps
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by turbine
meter systems
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Dynamic measurement -- Statistical
control of volumetric metering systems
Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Compressibility
factors for hydrocarbons in the range 638 kg/m3 to 1 074 kg/m3
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the
selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow,
density and volume flow measurements)
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flowmeters
Using Transit Time Technology

(2): Under revision at time of edition.

ISO 91-1:1992 Petroleum measurement tables - Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15
degrees C and 60 degrees F refers to petroleum measurement tables published by the American
Petroleum Institute (API, USA), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, USA)

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and the Institute of Petroleum (IP, UK) and subsidiary documents, correcting the printing errors
in these publications, based on reference temperatures of 15 C and 60 F. The standard reference
temperature for petroleum measurement adopted in IS0 5024 is 15 C, and should be used for
international trade. However, it is recognized that its use is not yet universally accepted and
references to tables based on 60 F have therefore been included in IS0 91-1:1992 and tables
based on 20 C are covered in IS0 91-2.
ISO 91-2:1991 Petroleum measurement tables - Part 2: Tables based on a reference temperature of 20
degrees C refers to computer implementation procedures for the correction of densities and
volumes to the reference temperature of 20C. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR
91:1970/Add.1:1975. Annex A is for information only.
ISO 2714:1980 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by displacement meter systems other
than dispensing pumps gives the characteristics of such equipment and rules for systematically
applying appropriate consideration to the nature of the liquids to be measured, to the installation
of a metering system, and to the selection, performance, operation and maintenance of the same.
ISO 2715:1981 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by turbine meter systems gives the
characteristics of such equipment and rules for systematically applying appropriate consideration
to the nature of the liquids to be measured, to the installation of a metering system, and to the
selection, performance, operation and maintenance of the same.
ISO 4124:1994 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Dynamic measurement -- Statistical control of volumetric
metering systems. In dynamic measuring systems the performance of meters for liquid
hydrocarbons will vary with changes in flow conditions, viz. flowrate, viscosity, temperature,
pressure, density of product, and with mechanical wear. Has been prepared as a guide for
establishing and monitoring the performance of such meters, using appropriate statistical control
procedures for both central and on-line proving. These procedures may be applied to
measurements made by any type of volumetric or mass metering systems. The procedures to be
followed for collecting data, on which the control limits are based, are described.
ISO 9770:1989 Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in
the range 638 kg/m3 to 1 074 kg/m3 includes the contents of Manual of Petroleum Measurement
Standards, Chapter 11.2.1M published August 1984 by API. The purpose is to correct
hydrocarbon volumes metered under pressure to the corresponding volumes at the equilibrium
pressure for the metered temperature. Contains compressibility factors related to meter
temperature and density of metered material.
ISO 10790:1999 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation
and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements) gives guidelines
for the selection, installation, calibration, performance and operation of Coriolis meters for the
determination of mass flow, density, volume flow and other related parameters of fluids. It also
gives appropriate considerations regarding the fluids to be measured.
API MPMS 5.2: 2005 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters together with the
general considerations for measurement by meters found in API MPMS Chapter 5.1, describes
methods for obtaining accurate quantity measurement with displacement meters in liquid
hydrocarbon service. It covers the unique performance characteristics of displacement meters in
liquid hydrocarbon service. It does not apply to the measurement of two-phase fluids.

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API MPMS 5.3: 2009 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters defines the application
criteria for turbine meters and discusses appropriate considerations regarding the liquids to be
measured. Discusses the installation of a turbine metering system; and the performance,
operation, and maintenance of turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes "Selecting a
Meter and Accessory Equipment" and information on the recommended location for prover
connections.
API MPMS 5.6: 2008 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters describes methods for
achieving custody transfer levels of accuracy when a Coriolis meter is used to measure liquid
hydrocarbons. Topics covered include: applicable API standards used in the operation of Coriolis
meters; proving and verification using both mass- and volume based methods; installation,
operation, and maintenance. Both mass and volume-based calculation procedures for proving and
quantity determination are included in Appendix E.
API MPMS 5.8: 2005 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flowmeters Using Transit
Time Technology describes methods for obtaining custody transfer level measurements with
ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) used to measure liquid hydrocarbons. This document includes
application criteria for UFM and includes considerations regarding the liquids being measured.
This document also address the installation, operation, proving and maintenance of UFMs in
liquid hydrocarbon service.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Turbine Meter
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 14: The mechanical part of the metering system
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex F: (Normative) Statistical evaluation of repeatability

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 2715: 1981
ISO 6551: 1982

Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by turbine

meter systems
Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic
measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or electronic
pulsed data

API Standards
API MPMS 5.3: 2009
API MPMS 5.4: 2005
API MPMS 5.5: 2010

Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters

Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters
Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data
Transmission Systems

Abstract of standards
ISO 2715:1981 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by turbine meter systems gives the
characteristics of such equipment and rules for systematically applying appropriate consideration
to the nature of the liquids to be measured, to the installation of a metering system, and to the
selection, performance, operation and maintenance of the same.

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ISO 6551: 1982 Petroleum liquids and gases - Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement -- Cabled
transmission of electric and/or electronic pulsed data establishes guidelines for ensuring the
quantities stated, a main objective being to ensure the integrity of the primary indication. In order
to achieve different levels of security, criteria and recommendations for the design, installation,
use and maintenance of the relevant equipment are laid down. Regulatory requirements, including
those for safety, are not specifically covered in detail but certain general cautionary notes on
safety are included for guidance.
API MPMS 5.3:2009 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters defines the application
criteria for turbine meters and discusses appropriate considerations regarding the liquids to be
measured. Discusses the installation of a turbine metering system; and the performance,
operation, and maintenance of turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes "Selecting a
Meter and Accessory Equipment" and information on the recommended location for prover
connections.
API MPMS 5.4:2005 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters describes the characteristics of accessory
equipment used with displacement and turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes
guidance on the use of electronic flow computers.
API MPMS 5.5: 2010 Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems
serves as a guide for the selection, operation, and maintenance of various types of pulsed-data,
cabled transmission systems for fluid metering systems to provide the desired level of fidelity and
security of transmitted flow pulse data. This publication does not endorse or advocate the
preferential use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is it intended to restrict future
development of such equipment.

Other relevant Standards

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Positive Displacement Meter
NPD Regulations
No specific reference

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 2714: 1980
ISO 6551: 1982

Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by

displacement meter systems other than dispensing pumps
Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic
measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or electronic
pulsed data

API Standards
API MPMS 5.2: 2010
API MPMS 5.4: 2005
API MPMS 5.5: 2010

Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters

Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters
Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data
Transmission Systems

Abstract of standards
ISO 2714:1980 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by displacement meter systems other
than dispensing pumps gives the characteristics of such equipment and rules for systematically
applying appropriate consideration to the nature of the liquids to be measured, to the installation
of a metering system, and to the selection, performance, operation and maintenance of the same.
ISO 6551: 1982 Petroleum liquids and gases - Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement -- Cabled
transmission of electric and/or electronic pulsed data establishes guidelines for ensuring the
quantities stated, a main objective being to ensure the integrity of the primary indication. In order
to achieve different levels of security, criteria and recommendations for the design, installation,
use and maintenance of the relevant equipment are laid down. Regulatory requirements, including
those for safety, are not specifically covered in detail but certain general cautionary notes on
safety are included for guidance.

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API MPMS 5.2:2010 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters together with the
general considerations for measurement by meters found in API MPMS Chapter 5.1, describes methods
for obtaining accurate quantity measurement with displacement meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. It
covers the unique performance characteristics of displacement meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. It
does not apply to the measurement of two-phase fluids.
API MPMS 5.4:2005 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters describes the characteristics of accessory
equipment used with displacement and turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes
guidance on the use of electronic flow computers.
API MPMS 5.5: 2010 Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems
serves as a guide for the selection, operation, and maintenance of various types of pulsed-data,
cabled transmission systems for fluid metering systems to provide the desired level of fidelity and
security of transmitted flow pulse data. This publication does not endorse or advocate the
preferential use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is it intended to restrict future
development of such equipment.

Other relevant Standards

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Coriolis Meter
NPD Regulations
No specific reference

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design
Annex F: (Normative) Statistical evaluation of repeatability

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 10790: 1999

ISO 6551: 1982

Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the

selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow,
density and volume flow measurements)
Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic
measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or electronic
pulsed data

API Standards
API MPMS 5.6: 2008
API MPMS 5.4: 2005
API MPMS 5.5: 2010

Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters

Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters
Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data
Transmission Systems

Abstract of standards
ISO 10790:1999 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation
and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements) gives guidelines
for the selection, installation, calibration, performance and operation of Coriolis meters for the
determination of mass flow, density, volume flow and other related parameters of fluids. It also
gives appropriate considerations regarding the fluids to be measured.
ISO 6551: 1982 Petroleum liquids and gases - Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement -- Cabled
transmission of electric and/or electronic pulsed data establishes guidelines for ensuring the
quantities stated, a main objective being to ensure the integrity of the primary indication. In order

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to achieve different levels of security, criteria and recommendations for the design, installation,
use and maintenance of the relevant equipment are laid down. Regulatory requirements, including
those for safety, are not specifically covered in detail but certain general cautionary notes on
safety are included for guidance.
API MPMS 5.6:2008 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters describes methods for
achieving custody transfer levels of accuracy when a Coriolis meter is used to measure liquid
hydrocarbons. Topics covered include: applicable API standards used in the operation of Coriolis
meters; proving and verification using both mass- and volume based methods; installation,
operation, and maintenance. Both mass and volume-based calculation procedures for proving and
quantity determination are included in Appendix E.
API MPMS 5.4:2005 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters describes the characteristics of accessory
equipment used with displacement and turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes
guidance on the use of electronic flow computers.
API MPMS 5.5: 2010 Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems
serves as a guide for the selection, operation, and maintenance of various types of pulsed-data,
cabled transmission systems for fluid metering systems to provide the desired level of fidelity and
security of transmitted flow pulse data. This publication does not endorse or advocate the
preferential use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is it intended to restrict future
development of such equipment.

Other relevant Standards

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Ultrasonic Meter
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 5.1.8: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Layout requirements
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design
Section 5.2.2.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Thermal insulation
Section 5.2.4.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Ultrasonic flowmeter
Section 5.2.5.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Check
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex F: (Normative) Statistical evaluation of repeatability

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO/DIS 12242 (1)
ISO 6551: 1982

Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters

for liquid
Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic
measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or electronic
pulsed data

(1): Not published at time of edition.

API Standards
API MPMS 5.8: 2005
API MPMS 5.4: 2005

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Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Using Transit Time Technology
Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters

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API MPMS 5.5: 2010

Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data

Transmission Systems

Abstract of standards
ISO 6551: 1982 Petroleum liquids and gases - Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement - Cabled
transmission of electric and/or electronic pulsed data establishes guidelines for ensuring the
quantities stated, a main objective being to ensure the integrity of the primary indication. In order
to achieve different levels of security, criteria and recommendations for the design, installation,
use and maintenance of the relevant equipment are laid down. Regulatory requirements, including
those for safety, are not specifically covered in detail but certain general cautionary notes on
safety are included for guidance.
API MPMS 5.8:2005 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flowmeters Using Transit
Time Technology describes methods for obtaining custody transfer level measurements with
ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) used to measure liquid hydrocarbons. This document includes
application criteria for UFM and includes considerations regarding the liquids being measured.
This document also address the installation, operation, proving and maintenance of UFMs in
liquid hydrocarbon service.
API MPMS 5.4:2005 Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters describes the characteristics of accessory
equipment used with displacement and turbine meters in liquid hydrocarbon service. Includes
guidance on the use of electronic flow computers.
API MPMS 5.5: 2010 Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems
serves as a guide for the selection, operation, and maintenance of various types of pulsed-data,
cabled transmission systems for fluid metering systems to provide the desired level of fidelity and
security of transmitted flow pulse data. This publication does not endorse or advocate the
preferential use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is it intended to restrict future
development of such equipment.

Other relevant Standards

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Prover
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 14: The mechanical part of the metering system
Section 20: Calibration of mechanical part
Section 24: Operational requirement for the prover
Section 25: Operational requirement for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 5.1.3: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Equipment/Schematic
Section 5.1.6.1: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Operational requirements
- General
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Maintenance requirements
Calibration
Section 5.1.7.4: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Maintenance requirements
Isolation and sectioning
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Flowmeter design
Section 5.2.2.4: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Block valves
Section 5.2.3.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
Unit - General
Section 5.2.3.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
Unit Conventional pipe prover
Section 5.2.3.3: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
Unit Compact prover
Section 5.2.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensors
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex F: (Normative) Statistical evaluation of repeatability

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Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 7278-1: 1987
ISO 7278-2: 1988

ISO 7278-3: 1998

ISO 7278-4: 1999

Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems

for volumetric meters -- Part 1: General principles
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement -- Proving systems
for volumetric meters -- Part 2: Pipe provers
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems
for volumetric meters -- Part 3: Pulse interpolation techniques
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems
for volumetric meters - Part 4: Guide for operators of pipe
provers

API Standards
API MPMS 4.1: 2009
API MPMS 4.2: 2003
API MPMS 4.4: 2010
API MPMS 4.5: 2005
API MPMS 4.6: 2008
API MPMS 4.7: 2009
API MPMS 4.8: 2007

Proving system - Introduction

Proving system - Displacement provers
Proving system - Tank provers
Proving system - Master Meter provers
Proving system - Pulse interpolation
Proving system - Field Standard Test Measures
Proving system - Operation of Proving Systems

Abstract of standards
ISO 7278-1:1987 Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters
- Part 1: General principles. The purpose of proving a meter is to determine its relative error or
its meter factor as a function of flow rate and other parameters such as temperature, pressure and
viscosity. The following types of proving systems are in use: tank prover systems; pipe provers,
bidirectional and unidirectional; master meters. They can be used either connected (fixed or
mobile) to the metering station or in a central proving station.
ISO 7278-2:1988 Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters
- Part 2: Pipe provers provides guidance for the design, installation and calibration of these
provers. Calculation techniques for use when calibrating and operating provers are detailed in
ISO 4267-2. Most of the material is general in that it applies to provers for use with different
liquids and types of meters and for proving them in different services. Does not apply to the
newer "small volume" or "compact" provers.
ISO 7278-3:1998 Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters
- Part 3: Pulse interpolation techniques. The use of pipe provers to prove meters with pulsed
outputs requires that a minimum number of pulses be collected during the proving period. The
number of pulses which a meter can produce during a proving run is often limited to significantly
less than 10 000 pulses. Therefore, in many applications some means of increasing the meters
resolution has to be found. One way of overcoming this problem is to process the signal from the

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meter in such a way that the resolution of the meter is increased. This technique is known as pulse
interpolation. This part of ISO 7278 applies primarily to pipe provers, but it is not intended to
restrict in any way the future development of different methods of pulse interpolation to this and
other applications.
ISO 7278-4:1999 Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters
- Part 4: Guide for operators of pipe provers. This part of ISO 7278 is concerned with only one
class of provers, known as pipe provers, which are used very widely where meters for crude oil
and petroleum products have to be proved to the highest possible standards of accuracy. In
principle, a pipe prover is only a length of pipe or a cylinder whose internal volume has been
measured very accurately and having a well-fitted piston (or a tightly-fitted sphere acting like a
piston) inside it, so that the volume swept out by the piston or sphere can be compared with the
meter readout while a steady flow of liquid is passing through the meter and prover in series. In
practice, however, various accessories must be added to the simple pipe-and-piston arrangement
to produce a prover that will work effectively.
API MPMS 4.1:2009 Proving system Introduction. General introduction to the subject of proving.
The requirements in Chapter 4 are based on customary practices that evolved for crude oils and
products covered by API MPMS Chapter 11.1. The prover and meter uncertainties should be
appropriate for the measured fluids and should be agreeable to the parties involved.
API MPMS 4.2:2003 Proving system Displacement provers outlines the essential elements of provers
that accumulate meter pulses as a displacing element within the prover travels between detector
switches. It provides design and installation details for the types of displacement provers that are
currently in use. The provers discussed are designed for proving measurement devices under
dynamic operating conditions with single-phase liquid hydrocarbons.
API MPMS 4.4:2010 Proving system - Tank provers specifies the characteristics of tank provers that
are in general use and the procedures for their calibration. This standard does not apply to weirtype, vapor-condensing, dual-tank water-displacement, or gas-displacement provers.
API MPMS 4.5:2005 Proving system - Master Meter provers covers the use of both displacement and
turbine meters as master meters.
API MPMS 4.6:2008 Proving system - Pulse interpolation describes how the double-chronometry
method of pulse interpolation, including system operating requirements and equipment testing, is
applied to meter proving.
API MPMS 4.7:2009 Proving system - Field Standard Test Measures details the essential elements of
field standard test measures by providing descriptions, construction requirements, as well as
inspection, handling, and calibration methods. Bottom-neck scale test measures and prover tanks
are not addressed in this document. The scope of this standard is limited to the certification of
delivered volumes of test measures.
API MPMS 4.8:2007 Proving system - Operation of Proving Systems covers the operation of various
meter-proving systems used in the petroleum industry. Liquid petroleum meters used for custody
transfer measurement require periodic proving to verify accuracy and repeatability and to
establish valid meter factors.

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Other relevant Standards
ISO 8222:2002

Petroleum measurement systems - Calibration -- Temperature

corrections for use when calibrating volumetric proving tanks

ISO 8222:2002 Petroleum measurement systems - Calibration - Temperature corrections for use when
calibrating volumetric proving tanks specifies multiplication factors for the correction of the
volume of water transferred from a primary measure to a tank for changes arising from
temperature differences during the determination of the capacity of the tank at reference
temperature.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Static Measurement of Refrigerated Gases
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.2: General requirements Uncertainty
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Maintenance requirements
- Calibration
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Most Significant Standards

ISO 18132-1:2011

ISO 18132--2: 2011

Refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum based liquefied

gaseous fuels -- General requirements for automatic tank gauges
Part 1: Automatic tank gauges for liquefied natural gas on board
marine carriers and floating storage
ISO 18132-2:2008 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids -General requirements for automatic level gauges .
Part 2: Gauges in refrigerated-type shore tanks.

Abstract of standards
ISO 18132-1:2011 establishes general principles for the accuracy, installation, calibration and
verification of automatic tank gauges (ATGs) used for custody transfer measurement
of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on board an LNG carrier or floating storage.
The LNG described in the standard is either fully refrigerated (i.e. at the cryogenic
condition), or partially refrigerated, and therefore the fluid is at or near atmospheric
pressure.
ISO 18132-1:2011 also specifies the technical requirements for data collection,
transmission and reception. Specific technical requirements for various automatic tank
gauges and accuracy limitations are given in the annexes.
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ISO 18132-2:2008 establishes the general requirements for the specification, installation and
calibration/verification testing of automatic level gauges (ALG) used for refrigerated
light hydrocarbon fluids, i.e., LNG and LPG, stored in bulk storage tanks on shore at
pressures close to atmosphere.
Other relevant Standards

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Sampling
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 11: Determination of energy content, etc
Section 17: Requirements relating to sampling
Section 20: Calibration of mechanical part
Section 24: Operational requirement for the prover
Section 25: Operational requirement for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.3: General requirements Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Section 5.1.6.2: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Operational requirements
- Tanker loading measurement system
Section 5.1.9: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Interface requirements
Section 5.2.2.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Thermal insulation
Section 7.1.1: Oil sampler systems Functional requirements General
Section 7.1.3: Oil sampler systems Functional requirements Equipment/Schematic
Section 7.1.4.1: Oil sampler systems Functional requirements Performance Capacity
Section 7.1.9: Oil sampler systems Functional requirements Layout requirements
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex E: (Informative) Guidelines to implementation of ISO 3171

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 3170: 2004
ISO 3171: 1988

Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling

Petroleum liquids -- Automatic pipeline sampling

API Standards
API MPMS 8.1: 2006
API MPMS 8.2: 2010

Revision 2

Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

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Abstract of standards
ISO 3170:2004 Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling specifies the manual methods to be used for
obtaining samples of liquid or semi-liquid hydrocarbons, tank residues and deposits from fixed
tanks, railcars, road vehicles, ships and barges, drums and cans, or from liquids being pumped in
pipelines. ISO 3170:2004 applies to the sampling of petroleum products, crude oils and
intermediate products, which are stored in tanks at or near atmospheric pressure, or transferred by
pipelines, and are handled as liquids at temperatures from near ambient up to 200 degrees Celsius.
ISO 3171:1988 Petroleum liquids -- Automatic pipeline sampling recommends procedures for crude oil
and liquid petroleum products being conveyed by pipeline. Does not apply to liquefied petroleum
gases and liquefied natural gases. The principal purpose is to give guidelines for specifying,
testing, operating, maintaining and monitoring crude oil samples.
API MPMS 8.1:2006 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products covers the procedures for
obtaining representative samples of shipments of uniform petroleum products, except electrical
insulating oils and fluid power hydraulic fluids. It also covers sampling of crude petroleum and
non-uniform petroleum products and shipments. It does not cover butane, propane, and gas
liquids with a Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) above 26 psi. The major addition to the standard is a
section on extended-tube sampling.
API MPMS 8.2:2010 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products covers automatic
procedures for obtaining representative samples of petroleum and non-uniform stocks or
shipments, except electrical insulating oil.

Other relevant Standards

ISO 4257: 2007
API MPMS 8.3: 2010
API MPMS 8.4: 2009
API MPMS 13.1: 2011
API MPMS 13.2: 2011

Liquefied petroleum gases -- Method of sampling

Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
Volatility Measurement
Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement
Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data

API MPMS 8.3:2010 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products covers the handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures required to ensure
that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is delivered from the
primary sample container/receiver into the analytical test apparatus or into intermediate
containers. For sampling procedures, refer to Chapters 8.1 and 8.2. Refer to Chapter 8.4 for the
mixing and handling of light fuels for volatility measurement
API MPMS 8.4:2009 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility
Measurement covers procedures and equipment for obtaining, mixing, and handling
representative samples of volatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with the
standards set forth for volatility related measurements applicable to light fuels. The applicable dry
vapor pressure equivalent range of this practice is 13 to 105 kPa (2 to 16 psia). This practice is
applicable to the sampling, mixing, and handling of reformulated fuels including those containing
oxygenates.
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API MPMS 13.1:2011 Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement designed to help those who
make measurement of bulk oil quantities improve the value of their result statement by making
proper estimates of the uncertainty or probable error involved in measurements.
API MPMS 13.2:2011 Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data addresses procedures for
evaluating any meter's performance where meter proving factors are developed in accordance
with Chapter 12.2. The data in examples used in this chapter are intended to be typical of custody
transfer operations of low-vapor-pressure fluids using displacement or turbine meters in
accordance with Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of API's Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.
However, the procedures in Chapter 13.2 can be used for non-custody transfer metering
applications and for custody transfer metering of high -vapor-pressure and gaseous fluids where
meter proving data are available.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Pressure and Temperature Instruments
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 10: Reference conditions
Section 13: Requirements to the metering system in general
Section 15: The instrument part of metering system
Section 25: Operational requirement for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 5.1.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Products/services
Section 5.1.8: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements Layout requirements
Section 5.2.2.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Meter run flow control
Section 5.2.2.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part, exclusive
prover unit Thermal insulation
Section 5.2.3.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part, prover
Unit General
Section 5.2.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensor
Section 5.2.4.4: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Stability
for smart transmitters
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Temperature loop
Section 5.2.4.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Thermowell
Section 5.2.4.11: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Local
pressure indication
Section 5.2.4.14: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Enclosures
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 7.1.3: Oil sampler Functional requirements Equipment/Schematic
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
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Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations
Annex E: (Informative) Guidelines to implementation of ISO 3171

Most Significant Standards

IEC Standard
CEI 60751: 2008

Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum

temperature sensors

API Standards
API MPMS 7: 2007

Temperature Determination

Abstract of standards
CEI 60751:2008 Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors
specifies the requirements and temperature/resistance relationship for industrial platinum
resistance temperature sensors later referred to as platinum resistors or "resistors" and industrial
platinum resistance thermometers later referred to as "thermometers" whose electrical resistance
is a defined function of temperature.
API MPMS 7:2007 Temperature determination describes methods and practices that may be used to
obtain accurate measurements of temperature of petroleum and petroleum products in pipelines,
storage tanks, gathering tanks, ships, barges, tank cars, pipe provers, tank provers and test
measures under both static and dynamic conditions using electronic temperature measuring
devices or mercury-in glass thermometers. Describes the methods, equipment, and procedures for
determining the temperature of petroleum and petroleum products under both static and dynamic
conditions. This chapter discusses temperature measurement requirements in general for custody
transfer, inventory control, and marine measurements. The actual method and equipment selected
for temperature determination are left to the agreement of the parties involved.
Other relevant Standards
ISO 8310: 1991

Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids - Measurement of

temperature in tanks containing liquefied gases - Resistance
thermometers and thermocouples

ISO 8310:1991 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids - Measurement of temperature in tanks containing
liquefied gases - Resistance thermometers and thermocouples specifies the essential
requirements and verification procedures for sensors, thermocouples and associated equipment to
be used for ship and shore tanks containing hydrocarbon fluids. Annexes A and B are for
information only.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Density
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 15: The instrument part of metering system
Section 25: Operational requirement for flow meters
Section 26: Operating requirements for instrument part
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.3: General requirements Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Section 5.1.6.1: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Operational requirements
General
Section 5.2.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensor
Section 5.2.4.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Density
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 5.2.5.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Calculations
Section 5.2.5.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Check
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 3838: 2004

ISO 15212-1: 2008

ISO 15212-2: 2008

Revision 2

Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products Determination of density or relative density - Capillarystoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer
methods
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 1: Laboratory instruments
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 2: Process instruments for
homogeneous liquids

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API Standards
API MPMS 9.1: 2005

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific

Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

Abstract of standards
ISO 3838:2004 Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products -- Determination of density or
relative density -- Capillary-stoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer
methods specifies methods for the determination of the density or relative density of crude
petroleum and of petroleum products handled as liquids. The capillary-stoppered pyknometer
method is also for use with solids and this method may also be used for coal tar products,
including road tars, creosote and tar pitches, or for mixtures of these with petroleum products.
This method is not suitable for the determination of the density or relative density of highly
volatile liquids having Reid vapour pressures greater than 50 kPa according to ISO 3007 or
having an initial boiling point below 40 degrees Celsius. The graduated bicapillary pyknometer
method is recommended for the accurate determination of the density or relative density of all
except the more viscous products, and is particularly useful. when only small amounts of samples
are available. The method is restricted to liquids having Reid vapour pressures of 130 kPa or less
according to ISO 3007 and having kinematic viscosities less than 50 mm2/s (50 centistokes (cSt))
at the test temperature. Special precautions are specified for the determination of the density or
relative density of highly volatile liquids.
API MPMS 9.1:2005 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method describes
the methods and practices relating to the determination of the density, relative density, or API
gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products using the hydrometer method
(laboratory determination).
Other relevant Standards
ISO 3675: 1998
ISO 3993: 1984
ISO 10790: 1999

ISO 12185: 1996

API MPMS 9.2: 2007
API MPMS 9.3: 2008

Revision 2

Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory

determination of density - Hydrometer method
Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons - Determination
of density or relative density - Pressure hydrometer method
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the
selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow,
density and volume flow measurements)
Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of
density - Oscillating U-tube method
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Thermohydrometer Method

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ISO 3993:1984 Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons -- Determination of density or relative
density -- Pressure hydrometer method. The prescribed apparatus shall not be used for materials
having gauge vapour pressures higher than 1,4 MPa (absolute vapour pressure 1,5 MPa) at the
test temperature. Alternative calibration procedures are described, but only the one using a
certified hydrometer is suitable for the determination of density to be used in calculations of
qualities for custody transfer or fiscal purposes.
ISO 10790:1999 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Guidance to the selection, installation
and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements) gives guidelines
for the selection, installation, calibration, performance and operation of Coriolis meters for the
determination of mass flow, density, volume flow and other related parameters of fluids. It also
gives appropriate considerations regarding the fluids to be measured.
ISO 12185:1996 Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Determination of density -- Oscillating Utube method gives a method for the determination, using an oscillation U-tube densitometer, of
the density of crude petroleum and related products within the range 600 kg/m3 to 1 100 kg/m3
which can be handled as single-phase liquids at the test temperature and pressure.
API MPMS 9.2:2007 Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by
Pressure Hydrometer provides a guide for determining the density or relative density (specific
gravity) or API gravity of light hydrocarbons, including liquefied petroleum gases, using a
pressure hydrometer.
API MPMS 9.3:2008 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude
Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method describes methods and
practices suitable for the determination of density or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid
petroleum products using thermohydrometers. The test method covers petroleum and liquid
petroleum products with Reid vapor pressure of 179 kPa (26 psi) or less.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Water and Sediments
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.3: General requirements Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Section 6: Water in oil measurement
Section 6.1.1: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements General
Section 6.1.4.1: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance - Capacity
Section 6.1.4.2: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance Uncertainty
Section 6.1.5: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Process/Ambient conditions
Section 6.1.6: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Operational requirements
Section 6.1.7.3: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Maintenance requirements
Layout requirements
Section 6.2.1: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part
Section 6.2.2: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Section 6.2.3: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 9030: 1990

Crude petroleum - Determination of water and sediment Centrifuge method

API Standards
API MPMS 10.3: 2008
API MPMS 10.4: 2010
API MPMS TR 2570: 2010

Revision 2

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by

the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Determination of Sediment and Water in Crude Oil by the
Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)
Continuous on-line Measurement of Water In Petroleum (Crude
Oil and Condensate)

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Abstract of standards
ISO 9030:1990 Crude petroleum - Determination of water and sediment - Centrifuge method Specifies
a method for the laboratory determination. The precision data of this procedure have only been
determined for water contents up to 1 % (V/V). Includes principle, apparatus, reagents, sampling,
procedure, expression of results, precision and test report. A centrifuge tube is shown in figure 1.
The procedure for reading the volume of water and sediment is shown in figure 2. The precision
of the method is shown in figure 3. The sample handling is described in annex A.
API MPMS 10.3:2008 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge
Method (Laboratory Procedure) describes a method of laboratory determination of water and
sediment in crude oil by means of the centrifuge procedure
API MPMS 10.4:2010 Determination of Sediment and Water in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method
(Field Procedure) describes a method for determining both water and sediment or sediment only
in crude oils using the field centrifuge procedure.
API MPMS TR 2570:2010 Continuous on-line Measurement of Water In Petroleum (Crude Oil and
Condensate) Provides guidance for the application, installation, operation, verification, and
proving of on-line water devices (OWDs) for use in the non-custody transfer measurement of
water in crude oil and condensate.

Other relevant Standards

ISO 3734: 1997
ISO 3735: 1999
ISO 10307-1: 2009
ISO 10307-2: 2009
API MPMS 10.1: 2007
API MPMS 10.2: 2007
API MPMS 10.5: 2005
API MPMS 10.6: 2004
API MPMS 10.7: 2006
API MPMS 10.8: 2010
API MPMS 10.9: 2010
NFOGM Handbook 2005

Petroleum products - Determination of water and sediment in

residual fuel oils - Centrifuge method
Crude petroleum and fuel oils - Determination of sediment Extraction method
Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 1:
Determination by hot filtration
Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 2:
Determination using standard procedures for ageing
Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils
by the Extraction Method
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric
Karl Fischer Titration
Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane
Filtration
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric
Karl Fischer Titration
Handbook of Water Fraction Metering

ISO 10307-1: 2009 Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 1: Determination by
hot filtration specifies a method for the determination of total sediment in residual fuel oils
having a maximum viscosity of 55 mm2/s at 100 C, and for blends of distillate fuels containing
residual components.
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ISO 10307-2: 2009 Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 2: Determination
using standard procedures for ageing specifies two procedures A (thermal) and B (chemical)
for the accelerated ageing of residual fuel oils. When combined with the hot filtration method
specified in ISO 10307-1, these procedures permit the prediction of fuel oil stability, as affected
by sedimentation, during storage and handling of the fuel oils.
API MPMS 10.1: 2007 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the
Extraction Method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction
with toluene. The precision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.01 to 0.40 % mass,
although higher levels may be determined.
API MPMS 10.2: 2007 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation specifies a method
for the determination of water in crude petroleum by distillation.
API MPMS 10.5: 2005 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous
Materials by Distillation covers the determination of water in the range from 0 to 25 % volume
in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.
API MPMS 10.6: 2004 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge
Method (Laboratory Procedure) describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in
fuel oils in the range from 0 to 30 % volume by means of the centrifuge procedure.
API MPMS 10.7: 2006 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer
Titration describes the procedure for the determination of water in crude oils by Karl Fischer
titration (potentiometric.) This test method covers the determination of water in the range from
0.02 to 2 mass percent in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to
interfere with the method.
API MPMS 10.8: 2010 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration
covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has
been validated for crude oils with sediments up to approximately 0.15 mass %. The accepted unit
of measure for this test method is mass %, but an equation to convert to volume % is provided.
API MPMS 10.9: 2010 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5.0 percent in crude oils.
The test method presents two procedures for the direct determination of water content in crude
oils; weight and volume.
NFOGM Handbook 2005 Handbook of Water Fraction Metering sets out recommendations to be used
for the continuous determination of water fraction in hydrocarbon liquids. It describes the
recommended installation, calibration and adjustment methods. The procedures and installations
described have been prepared for both fiscal and allocation water fraction measurements. As
integral part of the work undertaken by Christian Michelsen Research for revision 1 of this
handbook, a scientific evaluation of the theoretical uncertainty for two different WFMs was
carried out. Both the Fluenta WIOM-350 (no longer marketed) [1] and the MFI Water Cut Meter
(now marketed as the Roxar WaterCut Meter) [2] underwent a theoretical evaluation of the
combined uncertainty in accordance with the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement [3]. The recommendations outlined in this handbook are based on these reports.
The problems of multiphase mixtures are pointed out and the precautions for minimizing them are
described. However, it should be noted that all fiscal aspects of this handbook are founded on the
base line conditions that the flow has no water slugs and that the water and oil are homogeneously
distributed.
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Liquid Measurement Systems
Viscosity
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning

Most Significant Standards

No specific Standards for on line viscosity measurement

Other relevant Standards

ASTM D341-03
ISO 2909: 2002

Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for

Liquid Petroleum Products
Petroleum products -- Calculation of viscosity index from
kinematic viscosity

ASTM D341-03 Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
Products. The kinematic viscosity-temperature charts covered by this standard are a convenient
means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any
temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures
are known.
ISO 2909:2002 Petroleum products -- Calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity describes
two procedures for calculating the viscosity index (VI) of petroleum products and related
materials, such as lubricating oils, from their kinematic viscosities at 40 C and 100 C.
Procedure A is applicable to petroleum products of viscosity index up to and including 100.
Procedure B is applicable to petroleum products of viscosity index 100 or greater. ISO 2909:2002
does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2,0 mm2/s at 100 C. It
applies to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities between 2 mm2/s and 70 mm2/s at 100
C. Equations are provided for calculating the viscosity index of petroleum products having
kinematic viscosities above 70 mm2/s at 100 C.

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Liquid Measurement Systems
Flow Computer and Calculations
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 14: The mechanical part of the metering system
Section 15: The instrument part of the metering system
Section 16: The computer part of metering system
Section 21: Calibration of instrument part
Section 22: Verification of computer part
Section 27: Operating requirements for computer part
Section 29: Documentation relating to the metering system in operation
Section 30: Information

NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.2: General requirements - Uncertainty
Section 4.4: General requirements - Calibration
Section 5.1.3: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Maintenance requirements
Calibration
Section 5.2.4.7: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part - Density
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Computer
design
Section 5.2.5.5: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part Calculations
Section 5.2.5.9: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Reporting
of data for continuous measurement system
Section 5.2.5.13: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part Availability
Section 5.2.5.14: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Network
protection/security
Section 5.2.5.15: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Spare
capacity
Section 5.2.5.17: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part Downloading of constants and ranges
Section 6.1.5: Water in oil measurement - Functional requirements - Process/ambient conditions
Section 6.1.8: Water in oil measurement - Functional requirements - Interface requirements
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Section 6.1.9: Water in oil measurement - Functional requirements - Testing and commissioning
requirements
Section 6.2.3: Water in oil measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part
Section 7.1.1.4: Oil sampler systems - Functional requirements Performance Availability
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations
Annex F: (Normative) Statistical evaluation of repeatability

Most Significant Standards

ISO Standards
ISO 91-1: 1992 (2)

Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 1: Tables based on

reference temperatures of 15 degrees C and 60 degrees F
ISO 91-2: 1991 (2)
Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 2: Tables based on a
reference temperature of 20 degrees C
ISO 4267-2: 1988
Petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Calculation of oil
quantities - Part 2: Dynamic measurement
ISO 9770: 1989
Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Compressibility
factors for hydrocarbons in the range 638 kg/m3 to 1 074 kg/m3
(2): Under revision at time of edition.

API Standards
API MPMS 11.1: 2004
API MPMS 11.2.2: 2007

API MPMS 11.2.2M: 2007

API MPMS 12.2.1: 2009

API MPMS 12.2.2: 2010

API MPMS 12.2.3: 2009

API MPMS 12.2.4: 2009

API MPMS 12.2.5: 2009

Revision 2

Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for

Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils
Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.3500.637 Relative
Density (60 F/60 F) and 50 F to 140 F Metering
Temperature
Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350637 Kilograms
per Cubic Meter Density (15 C) and 46 C to 60 C Metering
Temperature
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic
Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors, Part 1Introduction
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic
Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part
2-Measurement Tickets
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic
Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part
3-Proving Reports
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic
Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors, Part 4Calculation of Base Prover Volumes by Waterdraw Method
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Section 2 Calculation
Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric
Correction Factors, Part 5 Calculation of Base Prover Volume
by Master Meter Method

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API MPMS 21.2: 2004

Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement

Displacement and Turbine Meters

Using

Positive

Abstract of standards
ISO 91-1:1992 Petroleum measurement tables - Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15
degrees C and 60 degrees F refers to petroleum measurement tables published by the American
Petroleum Institute (API, USA), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, USA)
and the Institute of Petroleum (IP, UK) and subsidiary documents, correcting the printing errors
in these publications, based on reference temperatures of 15 C and 60 F. The standard reference
temperature for petroleum measurement adopted in IS0 5024 is 15 C, and should be used for
international trade. However, it is recognized that its use is not yet universally accepted and
references to tables based on 60 F have therefore been included in IS0 91-1:1992 and tables
based on 20 C are covered in IS0 91-2.
ISO 91-2:1991 Petroleum measurement tables - Part 2: Tables based on a reference temperature of 20
degrees C refers to computer implementation procedures for the correction of densities and
volumes to the reference temperature of 20C. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR
91:1970/Add.1:1975. Annex A is for information only.
ISO 4267-2:1988 Petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Calculation of oil quantities - Part 2:
Dynamic measurement defines the various terms employed in the calculation of metered
petroleum quantities. Also specifies the equations which allow the values of correction factors to
be computed. Also gives rules for the sequence, rounding and significant figures to be employed
in a calculation. Provides tables which may be used to look up specific correction factors should it
not be desired to calculate them by manual as well as computer methods. The field of application
is the volumetric measurement of liquid hydrocarbons, including liquefied petroleum gases, by
meter and prover. It does not include two-phase fluids.
ISO 9770:1989 Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in
the range 638 kg/m3 to 1 074 kg/m3 includes the contents of Manual of Petroleum Measurement
Standards, Chapter 11.2.1M published August 1984 by API. The purpose is to correct
hydrocarbon volumes metered under pressure to the corresponding volumes at the equilibrium
pressure for the metered temperature. Contains compressibility factors related to meter
temperature and density of metered material.
API MPMS 11.1: 2004 Petroleum measurement tables - Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures
of 15 degrees C and 60 degrees F provides the algorithm and implementation procedure for the
correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons
which fall within the categories of crude oil, refined products, or lubricating oils; NGLs and LPGs
are excluded from consideration in this Standard. This document is distributed on CD-ROM in
Portable Document Format (PDF). A utility program is included on the CD to allow users to
calculate corrections for temperature and pressure effects and to print pages of correction factors
for a user-defined range of temperature, pressure and density in both US Customary and Metric
units of measure. The utility is used within a supported web browser and uses the Java language.
Internet access is not required. (Printed tables are not available from either API or ASTM for this
edition of Chapter 11.1 Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized
Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils.)
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API MPMS 11.2.2:2007 Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.3500.637 Relative Density (60
F/60 F) and 50 F to 140 F Metering Temperature provides tables to correct hydrocarbon
volumes metered under pressure for the metered temperature. Contains compressibility factors
related to the meter temperature and relative density (60 F/60 F) of the metered material.
API MPMS 11.2.2M:2007 Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350637 Kilograms per Cubic
Meter Density (15 C) and 46 C to 60 C Metering Temperature provides tables to correct
hydrocarbon volumes metered under pressure to corresponding volumes at equilibrium pressure
for the metered temperature. The standard contains compressibility factors related to the meter
temperature and density (15 C) of the metered material.
API MPMS 12.2.1:2009 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods
and Volume Correction Factors, Part 1-Introduction provides the general introduction of this
standard which is divided into five parts, each published separately. The base (reference or
standard) volumetric determination of metered quantities is discussed along with the general
terms required for solution of the various equations. General rules for rounding of numbers,
including field data, intermediate calculations numbers, and discrimination levels are specified.
API MPMS 12.2.2:2010 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods
and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part 2Measurement Tickets provides standardized
calculation methods for the quantification of liquids and the determination of base prover
volumes under defined conditions, regardless of the point of origin or destination or the units of
measure required by governmental customs or statute. The publication rigorously specifies the
equations for computing correction factors, rules for rounding, calculational sequence, and
discrimination levels to be employed in the calculations.
API MPMS 12.2.3:2009 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods
and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part 3-Proving Reports consolidates and standardizes
calculations for metering petroleum liquids using turbine or displacement meters and clarifies
terms and expressions by eliminating local variations among terms. This standard provides
calculation methods for the determination of meter factors under defined conditions, regardless of
the point of origin or destination or units of measure required by governmental customs or statute.
This document specifies the equations for computing correction factors, including the calculation
sequence, discrimination levels, and rules for rounding.
API MPMS 12.2.4:2009 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods
and Volume Correction Factors, Part 4-Calculation of Base Prover Volumes by Waterdraw
Method provides a standardized calculation method to determine a base prover volume under
defined conditions. Specifically, this standard discusses the calculation procedures for the
waterdraw calibration method, which is one of several different procedures used to determine
Base Prover Volume (BPV) of a displacement prover.
API MPMS 12.2.5: 2009 Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Section 2 Calculation Using
Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part 5 Calculation of Base
Prover Volume by Master Meter Method specifies the equations for computing correction
factors, rules for rounding, including the calculation sequence and discrimination levels to be
employed in the calculations. No deviations from these specified equations are permitted, since
the intent of this document is to establish a rigorous standard.

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API MPMS 21.2: 2004 Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and
Turbine Meters provides guidance for the effective use of electronic liquid measurement systems
for custody transfer measurement of liquid hydrocarbons under the following conditions. Use of
the measurement systems must fall within the scope and field of application of API MPMS
Chapter 12.2. Guidance applies to systems using turbine or positive displacement meters.
Guidance applies to systems using on-line CTL and CPL compensation. The procedures and
techniques in MPMS Chapter 21.2 are recommended for new measurement applications. This
standard provides custody transfer measurement procedures for pipeline and other electronic
liquid metering systems including design, selection, use, auditing, reporting, calibration,
verification and security

Other relevant Standards

ISO 4124: 1994
API MPMS 20.1: 2006
OIML R 117-1: 2007

Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Statistical

control of volumetric metering systems
Allocation Measurement
Dynamic measurement systems for liquids other than water

ISO 4124: 1994 Liquid hydrocarbons -- Dynamic measurement -- Statistical control of volumetric
metering systems. In dynamic measuring systems the performance of meters for liquid
hydrocarbons will vary with changes in flow conditions, viz. flowrate, viscosity, temperature,
pressure, density of product, and with mechanical wear. Has been prepared as a guide for
establishing and monitoring the performance of such meters, using appropriate statistical control
procedures for both central and on-line proving. These procedures may be applied to
measurements made by any type of volumetric or mass metering systems. The procedures to be
followed for collecting data, on which the control limits are based, are described.
API MPMS 20.1:2006 Allocation Measurement provides design and operating guidelines for liquid and
gas allocation measurement systems. Included are recommendations for metering, static
measurement, sampling, proving, calibrating and calculating procedures.
OIML R117-1:2007 specifies the metrological and technical requirements applicable to dynamic
measuring systems for quantities (volume or mass) of liquids other than water subject to legal
metrology controls. It also provides requirements for the approval of parts of the measuring
systems (meter, etc.).

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Gas Measurement Systems
General
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
All sections
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
All sections
Most Significant Standards
OIML Recommendation
R140:2007
R137-1:2006
ISO 14532:2001

Measuring systems for gaseous fuel

Gas meters Part 1: Requirements
Natural Gas Vocabulary

Abstract of standard
OIML R140:2007 Measuring systems for gaseous fuel applies to measuring systems for gaseous fuel:
with a designed maximum flowrate Qmax equal to or greater than 100 m3/h at base
conditions and for operating pressures equal to or greater than 200 kPa (2 bar) absolute;
not fitted with diaphragm gas meters.
It may apply to very large measuring systems located at the border between two countries as well
as to smaller measuring systems, with the exception of measuring systems for compressed natural
gas for vehicles (CNG). However, the provisions of this Recommendation may be adapted to
other cases. This Recommendation lays down the metrological and technical requirements
applicable to the measuring systems subject to legal metrology controls.
Different types of measuring systems are considered:
measuring systems providing indications of volume at base conditions (as defined in this
Recommendation) or mass converted from a volume of gas determined at metering or base
conditions;
measuring systems directly providing the mass of gas;
measuring systems providing an indication of energy corresponding to a volume at base
conditions or a mass of gas.
The concept of a measuring system may involve data and figures provided according to
documented provisions. This is often necessary in particular for the determination of energy. In
this case the purpose of this Recommendation is to provide tools in order to manage energy on a
metrological basis (see examples in D.3). It is not intended to prohibit the use of other tools
allowing the management of energy (see examples in D.4).
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The conversion of mass to volume is not covered in the scope of this Recommendation; however,
it is not intended to eliminate this possibility. In such a case appropriate provisions in this
Recommendation have to be adapted. Annex G gives information on this type of conversion. This
Recommendation also provides the way the measuring systems are approved and verified. The
requirements for measuring systems are complementary to those applicable only to meters as
provided in OIML R 137-1.
This Recommendation does not provide any requirements that are applicable to meters.
OIML R137-1:2006 Gas meters Part 1: Requirements applies to gas meters based on any principle,
used to meter the quantity of gas in volume, mass or energy units that has passed through the
meter at operating conditions. It applies also to gas meters intended to measure quantities of
gaseous fuels or other gases, except gases in the liquefied state and steam. Dispensers for
compressed natural gas (CNG dispensers) are also excluded from the scope of this
Recommendation. This Recommendation also applies to correction devices, and other electronic
devices that can be attached to the gas meter. However, provisions for conversion devices, either
as part of the gas meter or as a separate instrument, or provisions for devices for the
determination of the superior calorific value and gas metering systems consisting of several
components, are defined in the draft OIML Recommendation on Measuring systems for gaseous
fuel.
ISO 14532:2001 Natural Gas Vocabulary establishes the terms, definitions, symbols and
abbreviations used in the field of natural gas. The terms and definitions have been reviewed and
studied in order to cover all aspects of any particular term with input from other sources such as
European standards from CEN (The European Committee for standardization), national standards
and existing definitions in the IGU dictionary of the gas industry.
Other relevant Standards
NS-EN 1776: 1999

Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations

Functional requirements

NS-EN 1776:1999 Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations Functional requirements This
European standard specifies functional requirements for the design, construction, commissioning,
operation and maintenance of new gas measuring stations for non-domestic custody transfer of
natural gas as described in ISO 13686 with a design capacity equal to or greater than 500 m3/h (at
base conditions, see 4.1) and for operating pressures equal to or greater than 1 bar (gauge
pressure). NOTE: Installations using diaphragm gas meters as primary measuring instruments are
not covered by this standard. Except for safety and environmental aspects, the extent to which the
requirements of this standard are applied should be justified by the economics of the measuring
station. Therefore, stations with an annual throughput of equal to or smaller than 300 000 m3 (at
base conditions) are excluded from the scope of this standard. This European Standard specifies
common basic principles for gas supply systems. Users of this European Standard should be
aware that more detailed national standards and/or codes of practice may exist in the CEN
member countries. This European Standard is intended to be applied in association with these
national standards and/or codes of practice setting out the above mentioned basic principles.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Differential Pressure Meters
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 14: The mechanical part of the metering system
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements - General
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Maintenance requirements
Calibration
Section 5.2.3.5: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements Instrument part - Stability
for smart transmitters
Section 5.2.3.11: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part
Differential pressure transmitter
Section 5.2.3.15: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part Instrument tubing
Section 5.2.3.16: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part
Enclosures
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part
Calculations
Section 6.2.3.9: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part - Differential pressure
transmitter
Section 7.1.3: Flare gas measurement - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 5167-1: 2003

ISO 5167-2: 2003

ISO 5167-3: 2003

Revision 2

Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential

devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 1: General principles and requirements
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 2: Orifice plates
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles

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ISO 5167-4: 2003

Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential

devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 4: Venturi tubes

Abstract of standard
ISO 5167-1:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full -- Part 1: General principles and requirements
defines terms and symbols and establishes the general principles for methods of measurement and
computation of the flowrate of fluid flowing in a conduit by means of pressure differential
devices (orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes) when they are inserted into a circular crosssection conduit running full. ISO 5167-1:2003 also specifies the general requirements for
methods of measurement, installation and determination of the uncertainty of the measurement of
flowrate. It also defines the general specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds number for which
these pressure differential devices are to be used. ISO 5167 (all parts) is applicable only to flow
that remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as
single-phase. It is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow.
ISO 5167-2:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full -- Part 2: Orifice plates specifies the geometry and
method of use (installation and operating conditions) of orifice plates when they are inserted in a
conduit running full to determine the flow-rate of the fluid flowing in the conduit. It also provides
background information for calculating the flow-rate and is applicable in conjunction with the
requirements given in ISO 5167-1. ISO 5167-2:2003 is applicable to primary devices having an
orifice plate used with flange pressure tappings, or with corner pressure tappings, or with D and
D/2 pressure tappings. Other pressure tappings such as vena contracta and pipe tappings have
been used with orifice plates but are not covered by ISO 5167-2:2003. ISO 5167-2:2003 is
applicable only to a flow which remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where the
fluid can be considered as single phase. It is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow.
It does not cover the use of orifice plates in pipe sizes less than 50 mm or more than 1 000 mm, or
for pipe Reynolds numbers below 5000.
ISO 5167-3:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full -- Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles specifies the
geometry and method of use (installation and operating conditions) of nozzles and Venturi
nozzles when they are inserted in a conduit running full to determine the flow-rate of the fluid
flowing in the conduit. ISO 5167-3:2003 also provides background information for calculating
the flow-rate and is applicable in conjunction with the requirements given in ISO 5167-1. ISO
5167-3:2003 is applicable to nozzles and Venturi nozzles in which the flow remains subsonic
throughout the measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as single-phase. In
addition, each of the devices can only be used within specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds
number. It is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. It does not cover the use of
nozzles and Venturi nozzles in pipe sizes less than 50 mm or more than 630 mm, or for pipe
Reynolds numbers below 10 000. ISO 5167-3:2003 deals with two types of standard nozzles, the
ISA 1932 nozzle and the long radius nozzle, as well as the Venturi nozzle.

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The two types of standard nozzle are fundamentally different and are described separately in ISO
5167-3:2003. The Venturi nozzle has the same upstream face as the ISA 1932 nozzle, but has a
divergent section and, therefore, a different location for the downstream pressure tappings, and is
described separately. This design has a lower pressure loss than a similar nozzle. For both of
these nozzles and for the Venturi nozzle direct calibration experiments have been made, sufficient
in number, spread and quality to enable coherent systems of application to be based on their
results and coefficients to be given with certain predictable limits of uncertainty.
ISO 5167-4:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full -- Part 4: Venturi tubes specifies the geometry and
method of use (installation and operating conditions) of Venturi tubes when they are inserted in a
conduit running full to determine the flowrate of the fluid flowing in the conduit. ISO 51674:2003 also provides background information for calculating the flow-rate and is applicable in
conjunction with the requirements given in ISO 5167-1. ISO 5167-4:2003 is applicable only to
Venturi tubes in which the flow remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where
the fluid can be considered as single-phase. In addition, each of these devices can only be used
within specified limits of pipe size, roughness, diameter ratio and Reynolds number. ISO 51674:2003 is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. It does not cover the use of
Venturi tubes in pipes sized less than 50 mm or more than 1 200 mm, or for where the pipe
Reynolds numbers are below 20 000. ISO 5167-4:2003 deals with the three types of classical
Venturi tubes: cast, machined and rough welded sheet-iron. A Venturi tube is a device which
consists of a convergent inlet connected to a cylindrical throat which is in turn connected to a
conical expanding section called the "divergent". The differences between the values of the
uncertainty of the discharge coefficient for the three types of classical Venturi tube show, on the
one hand, the number of results available for each type of classical Venturi tube and, on the other
hand, the more or less precise definition of the geometric profile. The values are based on data
collected many years ago. Venturi nozzles (and other nozzles) are dealt with in ISO 5167-3.
Other relevant Standards
ISO/TR 9464: 2008
ISO/TR 12767: 2007

ISO/TR 15377: 2007

ISO 9300: 2005

AGA Report Nr 3-1: 2009
API MPMS 14.3.1
AGA Report Nr 3-2: 2006
API MPMS 14.3.2
AGA Report Nr 3-3: 2009
API MPMS 14.3.3
AGA Report Nr 3-4: 2006
API MPMS 14.3.4
Revision 2

Guidelines for the use of ISO 5167:2003

Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices -- Guidelines on the effect of departure from the
specifications and operating conditions given in ISO 5167
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure-differential
devices -- Guidelines for the specification of orifice plates,
nozzles and Venturi tubes beyond the scope of ISO 5167
Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow Venturi
nozzles
Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 1: General Equations &
Uncertainty Guidelines
Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 2: Specification and
Installation Requirements
Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 3: Natural Gas Applications
Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 4: Background,
Development Implementation Procedure

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ISO/TR 9464:2008 Guidelines for the use of ISO 5167:2003 provides guidance on the use of ISO
5167:2003 (all parts). ISO 5167:2003 is an International Standard for flow measurement based on
the differential pressure generated by a constriction introduced into a circular conduit. It presents
a set of rules and requirements based on theory and experimental work undertaken in the field of
flow measurement
ISO/TR 12767:2007 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices -- Guidelines
on the effect of departure from the specifications and operating conditions given in ISO 5167
provides guidance on estimating the flowrate when using pressure differential devices constructed
or operated outside the scope of ISO 5167. Additional tolerances or corrections cannot
necessarily compensate for the effects of deviating from ISO 5167 (all parts). The information is
given, in the first place, to indicate the degree of care necessary in the manufacture, installation
and maintenance of pressure differential devices by describing some of the effects of nonconformity to the requirements; and in the second place, to permit those users who cannot comply
fully with the requirements to assess, however roughly, the magnitude and direction of the
resulting error in flowrate. Each variation dealt with is treated as though it were the only one
present. Where more than one is known to exist, there may be unpredictable interactions and care
has to be taken when combining the assessment of these errors. If there is a significant number of
errors, means of eliminating some of them have to be considered. The variations included in
ISO/TR 12767 are by no means complete and relate largely to examples with orifice plates. An
example with Venturi tubes has been placed at the end of its section. There are, no doubt, many
similar examples of installations not conforming to ISO 5167 (all parts) for which no comparable
data have been published. Such additional information from users, manufacturers and any others
may be taken into account in future revisions of ISO/TR 12767.
ISO/TR 15377:2007 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure-differential devices -- Guidelines
for the specification of orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes beyond the scope of ISO 5167
describes the geometry and method of use for conical-entrance orifice plates, quarter-circle orifice
plates, eccentric orifice plates and Venturi tubes with 10,5 degree convergent angles.
Recommendations are also given for square-edged orifice plates and nozzles under conditions
outside the scope of ISO 5167.
ISO 9300:2005 Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow Venturi nozzles specifies the
geometry and method of use (installation in a system and operating conditions) of critical flow
Venturi nozzles (CFVN) used to determine the mass flow-rate of a gas flowing through a system.
It also gives the information necessary for calculating the flow-rate and its associated uncertainty.
It is applicable to Venturi nozzles in which the gas flow accelerates to the critical velocity at the
throat (this being equal to the local sonic velocity), and only where there is steady flow of singlephase gases.
AGA Report Nr 3-1: 2003 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 1: General Equations & Uncertainty
Guidelines provides the basic equations and uncertainty statements for computing the flow
through orifice meters. In Part 1, the traditional basic orifice factor and Reynolds number factor
found in the 1985 edition have been replaced with a more fundamental coefficient of discharge
that is a function of line size, beta radio, and pipe Reynolds number. The upstream expansion
factor is not changed from the 1985 edition. The downstream expansion factor has been
reanalyzed to include compressibility. Although each part of the document can be used
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independently for many applications, users with natural gas applications should review Parts 3
and 4 before implementing Part 1.
AGA Report Nr 3-2: 2006 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 2: Specification and Installation
Requirements outlines the specification and installation requirements for the measurement of
single-phase, homogeneous Newtonian fluids using concentric, square-edged, flange-tapped
orifice meters. It provides specifications for the construction and installation of orifice plates,
meter tubes, and associated fittings when designing metering facilities using orifice meters.
AGA Report Nr 3-3: 2009 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 3: Natural Gas Applications developed
as an application guide for the calculation of natural gas flow through a flange-tapped, concentric
orifice meter, using the inch-pound system of units. It also provides practical guidelines for
applying Chapter 14.3, Parts 1 and 2, to the measurement of natural gas.
AGA Report Nr 3-4: 2006 Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 4: Background, Development
Implementation Procedure describes the background and development of the equation for the
coefficient of discharge of flange-tapped square-edged concentric orifice meters and recommends
a flow rate calculation procedure. The recommended procedures provide consistent computational
results for the quantification of fluid flow under defined conditions, regardless of the point of
origin or destination, or the units of measure required by governmental customs or statute. The
procedures allow different users with different computer languages on different computing
hardware to arrive at almost identical results using the same standardized input data.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Ultrasonic Meters
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 5.1.8: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Layout requirements
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Meter
runs and header design
Section 5.2.2.4: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Flow
meter designs
Section 5.2.3.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part - Location
of sensors
Section 5.2.3.10: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part Ultrasonic flow meter
Section 5.2.4.6: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Check
Section 6.1.3: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Section 6.1.8: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Layout requirements
Section 6.1.11: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Special consideration for fuel gas
system
Section 6.2.2.4: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Flow meter designs
Section 6.2.3.8: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part - Ultrasonic flow meter
Section 7.1.3: Flare gas measurement - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Section 7.1.10: Flare gas measurement - Functional requirements - Testing and commissioning
requirements
Section 7.2.1: Flare gas measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part
Section 9.1.4.2: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Performance - Availability and reliability
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning

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Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 17089-1: 2010
ISO/DIS 17089-2 (1)

Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters

for gas - Part 1: Meters for custody transfer and allocation
measurement
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters
for gas -- Part 2: Meters for industrial applications

(1): Not published at time of edition.

AGA Standards
AGA Report Nr 9: 2007
AGA Report Nr 10: 2003

Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters

Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon
Gases

Abstract of standard
ISO 17089-1:2010 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas - Part 1:
Meters for custody transfer and allocation measurement specifies requirements and
recommendations for ultrasonic gas flowmeters (USMs), which utilize the transit time of acoustic
signals to measure the flow of single phase homogenous gases in closed conduits. ISO 170891:2010 applies to transit time ultrasonic gas flowmeters used for custody transfer and allocation
metering, such as full-bore, reduced-area, high-pressure, and low-pressure meters or any
combination of these. There are no limits on the minimum or maximum sizes of the meter. ISO
17089-1:2010 can be applied to the measurement of almost any type of gas, such as air, natural
gas, and ethane. Included are flow measurement performance requirements for meters of two
accuracy classes suitable for applications such as custody transfer and allocation measurement.
ISO 17089-1:2010 specifies construction, performance, calibration, and output characteristics of
ultrasonic meters for gas flow measurement and deals with installation conditions.
AGA Report Nr 9:2007 Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters. This report is for
multipath ultrasonic transit-time flow meters, typically 6" and larger in diameter, used for the
measurement of natural gas. It is written in the form of a performance-based specification.
AGA Report Nr 10:2005 Natural gas -- Calculation of thermodynamic properties -- Part 1: Gas phase
properties for transmission and distribution applications. This report outlines a method for the
calculation of the speed of sound in natural gas and the individual components that make up
natural gas. It also calculates the entropy, enthalpy and C* coefficient for sonic nozzles. It also
provides computer codes for programming calculations of speed of sound.
Other relevant Standards
ISO 20765-1: 2005

Revision 2

Natural gas -- Calculation of thermodynamic properties -- Part 1:

Gas phase properties for transmission and distribution
applications

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ISO 20765-1:2005 Natural gas -- Calculation of thermodynamic properties -- Part 1: Gas phase
properties for transmission and distribution applications. This part of ISO 20765 specifies a
method of calculation for the volumetric and caloric properties of natural gases, natural gases
containing synthetic admixture and similar mixtures, at conditions where the mixture can exist
only as a gas. The method is applicable to pipeline-quality gases within the ranges of pressure and
temperature at which transmission and distribution operations normally take place. For
volumetric properties (compression factor and density), the uncertainty of calculation is about
0,1 % (95 % confidence interval). For caloric properties (for example enthalpy, heat capacity,
Joule-Thomson coefficient, speed of sound), the uncertainty of calculation is usually greater.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Coriolis Meters
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 5.2.2.3: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Meter
runs and header design.
Section 5.2.2.4: Sales and allocation measurement - Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Flow
meter designs.
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 10790:1999

ISO 10790:1999/Amd 1:2003

Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the

selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow,
density and volume flow measurements)
Guidelines for gas measurement

AGA Standards
AGA Report Nr 11: 2003

Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter

Abstract of standard
ISO 10790:1999 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection, installation
and use of Coriolis meters (mass flow, density and volume flow measurements) gives guidelines
for selection, installation, calibration, performance and operation of Coriolis meters for
determination of mass flow, density, volume flow and other related parameters of fluids. The
standard primarily concentrates on measurement of liquids. Amendment 1 (2003) extend the
standard to cover some aspects of gas measurement with Coriolis meters.

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AGA Report Nr 11:2003 Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter provides a performance-based
specification and test methods for Coriolis meters intended to use for flow measurement of
natural gas. It contains several appendices addressing such issues as theory, operation, accuracy,
research, test data, etc.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Turbine Meters
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 6.1.3: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Section 6.1.11: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Special consideration for fuel gas
system.
Section 6.2.2.4: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements- Mechanical part - Flow meter designs.
Section 6.2.4.7: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements - Computer part - Error handling.
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 9951:1993
ISO 9951:1993/Cor 1:1994

Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits -- Turbine meters

Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits -- Turbine meters

AGA Standards
AGA Report Nr 7: 2006

Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meter

Abstract of standard
ISO 9951:1993 Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits -- Turbine meters specifies dimensions,
ranges, construction, performance, calibration and output characteristics of the turbine meters.
Also deals with installation conditions, leakage testing und pressure testing and provides a series
of informative annexes A to E including recommendations for use, field checks, and perturbations
of the fluid flowing. In many countries, some or all of the items covered are subject to mandatory
regulations imposed by the laws of these countries. Where conflicts exist, the mandatory
regulations shall prevail.
AGA Report Nr 7:2006 Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meter provides information on the
theory of operation, performance characteristics, and installation and maintenance of turbine
meters. Also includes technique for flow computation, calibration and field checks.

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Other relevant Standards
ISO 6551: 1982

Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic

measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or electronic
pulsed data

ISO 6551: 1982 Petroleum liquids and gases - Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement - Cabled
transmission of electric and/or electronic pulsed data establishes guidelines for ensuring the
quantities stated, a main objective being to ensure the integrity of the primary indication. In order
to achieve different levels of security, criteria and recommendations for the design, installation,
use and maintenance of the relevant equipment are laid down. Regulatory requirements, including
those for safety, are not specifically covered in detail but certain general cautionary notes on
safety are included for guidance.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Pressure and Temperature Instruments
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 10: Reference conditions
Section 13: Requirements to the metering system in general
Section 15: The instrument part of metering system
Section 25: Operational requirement for flow meters
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Maintenance requirements
- Calibration
Section 5.1.8: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements Layout requirements
Section 5.2.2.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part Meter
run pressure setting/equalizing
Section 5.2.2.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part Thermal
insulation
Section 5.2.3.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part General
Section 5.2.3.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensors
Section 5.2.3.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Stability
for smart transmitters
Section 5.2.3.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Temperature loop
Section 5.2.3.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Thermowells
Section 5.2.3.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Direct
density measurement
Section 5.2.3.11: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Differential pressure transmitter
Section 5.2.3.13: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Local
pressure indication
Section 5.2.3.15: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Instrument tubing
Section 5.2.3.16: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Enclosures
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Section 5.2.4.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Calculations
Section 6.1.8: Fuel gas measurement Functional requirements Layout requirements
Section 6.2.2.2: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part - Meter run pressure
setting/equalizing
Section 6.2.3.5: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part - Temperature loop
Section 6.2.3.6: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part - Thermowells
Section 6.2.3.9: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part - Differential pressure
transmitter
Section 6.2.3.11: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part - Local pressure
indication
Section 7.1.3: Flare gas measurement Functional requirements Equipment/schematic
Section 7.1.6: Flare gas measurement Functional requirements Operational requirements
Section 7.2.1: Flare gas measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part
Section 7.2.2: Flare gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Section 8.1.3: Gas samplers systems Functional requirements Equipment/schematic
Section 8.2.6: Gas samplers systems Technical requirements Sample receiver
Section 8.2.7: Gas samplers systems Technical requirements Tubing and valves
Section 8.2.8: Gas samplers systems Technical requirements Back-pressure system
Section 9.1.4.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements Performance - Uncertainty
Section 9.1.5: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements Process/ambient conditions
Section 9.2.1: Gas chromatograph Technical requirements Sample handling system
Section 9.2.2: Gas chromatograph Technical requirements Analytical unit
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex D (Informative) Example of performance calculation of online gas chromatograph (OGC) result
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standard
ISO 15970: 2008
CEI 60751: 2008

Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Volumetric

properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression factor
Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum
temperature sensors

Abstract of standards
ISO 15970:2008 Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Volumetric properties: density, pressure,
temperature and compression factor gives requirements and procedures for the measurement of
the properties of natural gas that are used mainly for volume calculation and volume conversion:
density at reference and at operating conditions, pressure, temperature and compression factor.
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Only those methods and instruments are considered that are suitable for field operation under the
conditions of natural gas transmission and distribution, installed either in-line or on-line, and that
do not involve the determination of the gas composition. ISO 15970:2008 gives examples for
currently used instruments that are available commercially and of interest to the natural gas
industry. The density at reference conditions (sometimes referred to as normal, standard or even
base density) is required for conversion of volume data and can be used for other physical
properties. Density at operating conditions is measured for mass-flow measurement and volume
conversion using the observed line density and can be used for other physical properties. ISO
15970:2008 covers density transducers based on vibrating elements, normally suitable for
measuring ranges of 5 kg/m3 to 250 kg/m3. Pressure measurement deals with differential, gauge
and absolute pressure transmitters. It considers both analogue and smart transmitters (i.e.
microprocessor based instruments) and, if not specified otherwise, the corresponding paragraphs
refer to differential, absolute and gauge pressure transmitters without distinction. Temperature
measurements in natural gas are performed within the range of conditions under which
transmission and distribution are normally carried out (253 K < T < 338 K). In this field of
application, resistance thermometer detectors (RTD) are generally used. The compression factor
(also known as the compressibility factor or the real gas factor and given the symbol Z) appears,
in particular, in equations governing volumetric metering. Moreover, the conversion of volume at
metering conditions to volume at defined reference conditions can properly proceed with an
accurate knowledge of Z at both relevant pressure and relevant temperature conditions.
CEI 60751:2008 Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors
specifies the requirements and temperature/resistance relationship for industrial platinum
resistance temperature sensors later referred to as platinum resistors or "resistors" and industrial
platinum resistance thermometers later referred to as "thermometers" whose electrical resistance
is a defined function of temperature.
Other relevant Standards

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Gas Measurement Systems
Differential Pressure and Temperature Instruments
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 5.1.7.2: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Maintenance requirements
- Calibration
Section 5.2.3.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Stability
for smart transmitters
Section 5.2.3.11: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Differential pressure transmitter
Section 5.2.3.15: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Instrument tubing
Section 5.2.3.16: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Enclosures
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Most Significant Standards
Other relevant Standards
ISO 5167-1: 2003

ISO 5167-2: 2003

ISO 5167-3: 2003

ISO 5167-4: 2003

ISO 2186:2007

Revision 2

Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential

devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 1: General principles and requirements
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 2: Orifice plates
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full -Part 4: Venturi tubes
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Connections for
pressure signal transmissions between primary and secondary
elements.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Density
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 15: The instrument part of the metering system
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
Section 26: Operating requirements for instrument part
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 5.2.2.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part Thermal
insulation
Section 5.2.3.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part General
Section 5.2.3.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensors
Section 5.2.3.8: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Direct
density measurement
Section 5.2.3.9: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Calculated density
Section 5.2.4.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Calculations
Section 5.2.4.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Check
Section 6.2.3.7: Fuel gas measurement Technical requirements Instrument part - Density
Section 9.1.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements Performance - General
Section 9.1.4.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements Performance - Uncertainty
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex D (Informative) Example of performance calculation of online gas chromatograph (OGC) result
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 6976: 1995
ISO 6976:1995/Cor 2:1997
Revision 2

Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific values, density, relative

density and Wobbe index from composition
Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative
density and Wobbe index from composition

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ISO 6976:1995/Cor 3:1999
ISO 12213-1: 2006
ISO 12213-2: 2006
ISO 12213-3: 2006
ISO 15970: 2008
ISO 20765-1: 2005

Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative

density and Wobbe index from composition
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 1:
Introduction and guidelines
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 2:
Calculation using molar-composition analysis
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 3:
Calculation using physical properties
Natural gas - Measurement of properties -- Volumetric
properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression factor
Natural gas - Calculation of thermodynamic properties - Part 1:
Gas phase properties for transmission and distribution
applications.

AGA Standards
AGA Report Nr 8: 1994

Compressibility Factor of Natural Gas and Related Hydrocarbon

Gases

Abstract of standard
ISO 6976:1995 Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index
from composition Specifies methods for the calculation of the superior calorific value and the
inferior calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index of dry natural gas and other
combustible gaseous fuels, when the composition of the gas by mole fraction is known. Replaces
the first edition, which has been technically revised.
ISO 12213-1: 2006 Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 1: Introduction and
guidelines specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural
gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the
mixture can exist only as a gas. It is divided into three parts: this part, ISO 12213-1:2006, gives
an introduction and provides guidelines for the methods of calculation described in Parts 2 and 3.
ISO 12213-2: 2006 Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 2: Calculation using molarcomposition analysis specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural
gases, natural gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under
which the mixture can exist only as a gas. It is divided into three parts: this part, ISO 122132:2006, specifies a method for the calculation of compression factors when the detailed
composition of the gas by mole fractions is known, together with the relevant pressures and
temperatures. The method is applicable to pipeline quality gases within the ranges of pressure p
and temperature T at which transmission and distribution operations normally take place, with an
uncertainty of about +/- 0,1 %. It can be applied, with greater uncertainty, to wider ranges of gas
composition, pressure and temperature.
ISO 12213-3: 2006 Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 3: Calculation using physical
properties specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural
gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the
mixture can exist only as a gas. It is divided into three parts: this part, ISO 12213-3:2006,
specifies a method for the calculation of compression factors when the superior calorific value,
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relative density and carbon dioxide content are known, together with the relevant pressures and
temperatures. If hydrogen is present, as is often the case for gases with a synthetic admixture, the
hydrogen content also needs to be known. The method is primarily applicable to pipeline quality
gases within the ranges of pressure p and temperature T at which transmission and distribution
operations normally take place, with an uncertainty of about +/-0,1 %. For wider-ranging
applications the uncertainty of the results increases.
ISO 15970: 2008 Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Volumetric properties: density, pressure,
temperature and compression factor gives requirements and procedures for the measurement of
the properties of natural gas that are used mainly for volume calculation and volume conversion:
density at reference and at operating conditions, pressure, temperature and compression factor.
Only those methods and instruments are considered that are suitable for field operation under the
conditions of natural gas transmission and distribution, installed either in-line or on-line, and that
do not involve the determination of the gas composition. ISO 15970:2008 gives examples for
currently used instruments that are available commercially and of interest to the natural gas
industry. The density at reference conditions (sometimes referred to as normal, standard or even
base density) is required for conversion of volume data and can be used for other physical
properties. Density at operating conditions is measured for mass-flow measurement and volume
conversion using the observed line density and can be used for other physical properties. ISO
15970:2008 covers density transducers based on vibrating elements, normally suitable for
measuring ranges of 5 kg/m3 to 250 kg/m3. Pressure measurement deals with differential, gauge
and absolute pressure transmitters. It considers both analogue and smart transmitters (i.e.
microprocessor based instruments) and, if not specified otherwise, the corresponding paragraphs
refer to differential, absolute and gauge pressure transmitters without distinction. Temperature
measurements in natural gas are performed within the range of conditions under which
transmission and distribution are normally carried out (253 K < T < 338 K). In this field of
application, resistance thermometer detectors (RTD) are generally used. The compression factor
(also known as the compressibility factor or the real gas factor and given the symbol Z) appears,
in particular, in equations governing volumetric metering. Moreover, the conversion of volume at
metering conditions to volume at defined reference conditions can properly proceed with an
accurate knowledge of Z at both relevant pressure and relevant temperature conditions.
ISO 20765-1:2005 Natural gas - Calculation of thermodynamic properties - Part 1: Gas phase properties
for transmission and distribution applications specifies a method of calculation for the
volumetric and caloric properties of natural gases, natural gases containing synthetic admixture
and similar mixtures, at conditions where the mixture can exist only as a gas. The method is
applicable to pipeline-quality gases within the ranges of pressure and temperature at which
transmission and distribution operations normally take place. For volumetric properties
(compression factor and density), the uncertainty of calculation is about 0,1 % (95 %
confidence interval). For caloric properties (for example enthalpy, heat capacity, Joule-Thomson
coefficient, speed of sound), the uncertainty of calculation is usually greater.
AGA Report Nr 8:1994 Compressibility Factor of Natural Gas and Related Hydrocarbon Gases
presents information needed (including efficient FORTRAN 77 computer program listings) to
compute gas phase densities, and compressibility and super compressibility factors for natural gas
and other related hydrocarbon gases.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Energy (Calorific Value)
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measurement uncertainty
Section 11: Determination of energy content etc.
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
Section 26: Operating requirements for instrument part
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.2: General requirements Uncertainty
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Calculations
Section 9.1.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements General
Section 9.1.4.1: Gas chromatograph Functional requirements Performance - Uncertainty
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex D (Informative) Example of performance calculation of online gas chromatograph (OGC) result
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 6976: 1995
ISO 6976:1995/Cor 2:1997
ISO 6976:1995/Cor 3:1999
ISO 15971: 2008
ISO 15112: 2011

Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific values, density, relative

density and Wobbe index from composition
Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative
density and Wobbe index from composition
Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative
density and Wobbe index from composition
Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Calorific value and
Wobbe index
Natural gas -- Energy determination

AGA Standards
AGA Report Nr 5: 2009

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Abstract of standard
ISO 6976:1995 Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index
from composition Specifies methods for the calculation of the superior calorific value and the
inferior calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index of dry natural gas and other
combustible gaseous fuels, when the composition of the gas by mole fraction is known. Replaces
the first edition, which has been technically revised.
ISO 15971:2008 Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Calorific value and Wobbe index
concerns the measurement of calorific value of natural gas and natural gas substitutes by
non-separative methods, i.e. methods that do not involve the determination of the gas
composition, nor calculations from it. ISO 15971:2008 describes the principles of operation of a
variety of instruments in use for this purpose, and provides guidelines for the selection,
evaluation, performance assessment, installation and operation of these. Calorific values can be
expressed on a mass basis, a molar basis or, more commonly, a volume basis. The working range
for superior calorific value of natural gas, on the volume basis, is usually between 30 MJ/m3 and
45 MJ/m3 at standard reference conditions (see ISO 13443). The corresponding range for the
Wobbe index is usually between 40 MJ/m3 and 60 MJ/m3. ISO 15971:2008 neither endorses nor
disputes the claims of any commercial manufacturer for the performance of an instrument. Its
central thesis is that fitness-for-purpose in any particular application (defined in terms of a set of
specific operational requirements) can be assessed only by means of a well-designed programme
of experimental tests. Guidelines are provided for the proper content of these tests.
ISO 15112: 2011 Natural gas -- Energy determination provides the means for energy determination of
natural gas by measurement or by calculation, and describes the related techniques and measures
that are necessary to take. The calculation of thermal energy is based on the separate
measurement of the quantity, either by mass or by volume, of gas transferred and its measured or
calculated calorific value. The general means of calculating uncertainties are also given. Only
systems currently in use are described. ISO 15112:2011 applies to any gas-measuring station
from domestic to very large high-pressure transmission. New techniques are not excluded,
provided their proven performance is equivalent to, or better than, that of those techniques
referred to in ISO 15112:2011. Gas-measuring systems are not the subject of ISO 15112:2011.
AGA Report Nr 5: 2009 Natural Gas Energy Measurement provides methods of calculating heating
values of natural gas with different compositions. This revised version contains a program in
Excel Spreadsheet for heating values and other related calculations, both in Imperial and SI units.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Sampling
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 11: Determination of energy content etc.
Section 17: Requirements relating to sampling
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.3: Sampling and analysis equipment
Section 5.1.9: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Interface requirements
Section 5.2.2.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical require - Mechanical part - Thermal
insulation
Section 6.1.9: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Interface requirements
Section 8.1.1: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements - General
Section 8.1.3: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic
Section 8.1.4.1: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements Performance - General
Section 8.1.5: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements Process/ambient conditions
Section 8.1.6: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements Operational requirements
Section 8.1.9: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements Layout requirements
Section 8.2.1: Gas samplers systems - Technical requirements - Initial selection of automatic probe
location
Section 8.2.2: Gas samplers systems - Technical requirements - Design considerations for sampling
systems
Section 8.2.5: Gas samplers systems - Technical requirements - Sampler controller
Section 8.2.7: Gas samplers systems - Technical requirements - Tubing and valves
Section 9.1.3.2: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements - Equipment/schematic - Sample handling
system
Section 9.1.4.2: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Performance - Availability and reliability
Section 9.2.1: Gas chromatograph - Technical requirements - Sample handling system
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning

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Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 10715: 1997
Abstract of standard

Natural gas -- Sampling guidelines

ISO 10715: 1997 Natural gas - Sampling guidelines provides concise guidelines for the collection,
conditioning and handling of representative samples of processed natural gas streams. It also
contains guidelines for sampling strategy, probe location and the handling and design of sampling
equipment. It considers spot, composite (incremental) and continuous sampling systems. This
document gives consideration to constituents such as oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, air, nitrogen and
carbon dioxide in the gas stream. This document does not include sampling of liquid streams or
streams with multiphase flow. Traces of liquid, such as glycol and compressor oil, if present, are
assumed to be intrusive and not a part of the gas to be sampled. Their removal is desirable to
protect the sampling and analytical equipment from contamination. This document can be used
for custody transfer measurement systems and allocation measurement systems.
Other relevant Standards
ISO 8943: 2007

Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids -- Sampling of liquefied

natural gas -- Continuous and intermittent methods

ISO 8943: 2007 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids -- Sampling of liquefied natural gas -- Continuous
and intermittent methods specifies methods for the continuous and the intermittent sampling of
LNG while it is being transferred through an LNG transfer line.

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Gas Measurement Systems
Gas Chromatograph
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measuring uncertainty
Section 11: Determination of energy content etc.
Section 15: The instrument part of the metering system
Section 25: Operating requirements for flow meters
Section 26: Operating requirements for instrument part
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.3: Sampling and analysis equipment
Section 5.1.9: Sales and allocation measurement Functional requirements Interface requirements
Section 5.2.2.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Mechanical part - Thermal
insulation
Section 5.2.3.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Instrument part - General
Section 5.2.3.9: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Instrument part Calculated density
Section 5.2.4.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Computer part Calculations
Section 5.2.4.9: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements - Computer part - Reporting
of data
Section 6.1.9: Fuel gas measurement - Functional requirements - Interface requirements
Section 6.2.3.7: Fuel gas measurement - Technical requirements - Instrument part - Density
Section 8.1.1: Gas samplers systems - Functional requirements - General
Section 9: Gas chromatograph
Section 9.1.1: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements General
Section 9.1.3.2: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Equipment/schematic - Sample handling
system
Section 9.1.3.3: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Equipment/schematic - Analytical unit
Section 9.1.3.4: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Equipment/schematic - Computer unit
Section 9.1.4.1: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Performance - Uncertainty
Section 9.1.4.2: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Performance - Availability and reliability
Section 9.1.5: Gas chromatograph - Functional requirements Process/ambient conditions
Section 9.2.2: Gas chromatograph - Technical requirements - Analytical unit

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Section 9.2.3: Gas chromatograph - Technical requirements - Computer unit
Section 9.2.4: Gas chromatograph - Technical requirements - Calibration equipment
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
Annex D (Informative) Example of performance calculation of online gas chromatograph (OGC) result
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 23874: 2006
ISO 6974-1: 2000
ISO/FDIS 6974-1: 2011 (2)
ISO 6974-2: 2001
ISO/FDIS 6974-2: 2011 (2)
ISO 6974-3: 2000

ISO 6974-4: 2000

ISO 6974-5: 2000

ISO/NP 6974-5: 2010 (2)

ISO 6974-6: 2002

Natural gas -- Gas chromatographic requirements for

hydrocarbon dewpoint calculation
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 1: Guidelines for
tailored analysis
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 2: Measuring-system
characteristics and statistics for processing of data
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 3: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 4: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for
a laboratory and on-line measuring system using two columns
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 5: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for
a laboratory and on-line process application using three columns
Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined
uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 6: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to
C8 hydrocarbons using three capillary columns

ISO 6974-6:2002/Cor 1: 2003

ISO 10723:2002

Natural gas -- Performance evaluation for on-line analytical

systems
Natural gas -- Guidelines to traceability in analysis
ISO 14111:1997
(2): Under revision at time of edition.
Abstract of standard
ISO 23874: 2006 Natural gas -- Gas chromatographic requirements for hydrocarbon dewpoint
calculation describes the performance requirements for analysis of treated natural gas of
transmission or pipeline quality in sufficient detail so that the hydrocarbon dewpoint temperature
can be calculated using an appropriate equation of state. ISO 23874:2006 can be applied to gases
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that have maximum dewpoint temperatures (cricondentherms) between 0 C and - 50 C. The
pressures at which these maximum dewpoint temperatures are calculated are in the range 2 MPa
(20 bar) to 5 MPa (50 bar). The procedure given in ISO 23874:2006 covers the measurement of
hydrocarbons in the range C5 to C12. n-Pentane, which is quantitatively measured using ISO
6974 (all parts), is used as a bridge component and all C6 and higher hydrocarbons are measured
relative to n-pentane. Major components are measured using ISO 6974 (all parts) and the ranges
of components that can be measured are as defined in ISO 6974-1.
ISO 6974-1: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 1: Guidelines for tailored analysis gives guidelines for the quantitative
analysis of natural-gas-containing constituents within the application ranges given in Table 1.
Individual methods, as described in part 3 and subsequent parts of ISO 6974, may have more
restricted application ranges than those in Table 1, but in all cases they will fall within this overall
scope of the ranges given.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butanes
Pentanes
Hexanes and heavier

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 5
0,001 to 60
0,001 to 35
40 to 100
0,02 to 15
0,001 to 25
0,000 1 to 5
0,000 1 to 1
0,000 1 to 0,5

ISO 6974-2: 2001 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 2: Measuring-system characteristics and statistics for processing of data
describes the data processing for the tailored analysis of natural gas. It includes the determination
of the measuring system characteristics and the statistical approach to data handling and error
calculation with the aim of defining the uncertainty in the mole fractions of the component
measured. This part of ISO 6974 is only applicable in conjunction with part 1 of ISO 6974.
ISO 6974-3: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 3: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns describes a gas chromatographic method
for the quantitative determination of the content of helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples using two packed columns. This
method is applicable to determinations made in on-line processes or in the laboratory. It is
applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within the mole fraction ranges given
in Table 1 and which do not contain any hydrocarbon condensate. These ranges do not represent
the limits of detection, but the limits within which the stated precision of the method applies.
Although one or more components in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still
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be applicable. This part of ISO 6974 is only applicable in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO
6974.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Helium
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butanes
Pentanes
Hexanes to octanes

Mole fraction range %

0,01 to 0,5
0,01 to 0,5
0,1 to 0,5
0,1 to 40
0,1 to 30
50 to 100
0,1 to 15
0,001 to 5
0,000 1 to 2
0,000 1 to 1
0,000 1 to 0,5

ISO 6974-4: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 4: Determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+
hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line measuring system using two columns describes a gas
chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of natural gas constituents using a
two-column system. This method is applicable to determinations made in on-line processes or in
the laboratory. It is applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within the mole
fraction ranges given in Table 1. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection, but the
limits within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more components
in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still be applicable. This part of ISO 6974
is only applicable if used in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO 6974.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
n-Butane
neo -Pentane (2,2dimethylpropane)
iso -Pentane (2-methylbutane)
n-Pentane
Hexanes _ sum of all C6 and
higher hydrocarbons

Revision 2

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 15,0
0,001 to 10
75 to 100
0,001 to 10,0
0,001 to 3,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,2

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ISO 6974-5: 2000 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 5: Determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+
hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line process application using three columns describes a
gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of natural gas constituents using a
three-column system. This method is applicable to natural gases of limited range, on-line and
automatically calibrating on a regular basis for gas samples not containing any hydrocarbon
condensate and/or water. It is applicable to the analysis of gases containing constituents within
the mole fraction ranges given in Table 1. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection,
but the limits within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more
components in a sample may not be detected present, the method can still be applicable. This part
of ISO 6974 is only applicable if used in conjunction with parts 1 and 2 of ISO 6974.
Table 1 Application ranges
Component
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
iso-Butane (2-methylpropane)
n-Butane
neo -Pentane (2,2dimethylpropane)
iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane)
n-Pentane
Hexanes _ sum of all C6 and
higher hydrocarbons

Mole fraction range %

0,001 to 15,0
0,001 to 8,5
75 to 100
0,001 to 10,0
0,001 to 3,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 1,0
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 0,5
0,001 to 1,0

ISO 6974-6: 2002 Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas
chromatography -- Part 6: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons using three capillary columns describes a gas chromatographic
method for the quantitative determination of the content of helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples using three capillary columns.
This method is applicable to the determination of these gases within the mole fraction ranges
varying from 0,000 1 % to 40 %, depending on the component analyzed, and is commonly used
for laboratory applications. However, it is only applicable to methane within the mole fraction
range of 40 % to 100 %. These ranges do not represent the limits of detection, but the limits
within which the stated precision of the method applies. Although one or more components in a
sample may not be present at detectable levels, the method can still be applicable. ISO 69746:2002 is only applicable if used in conjunction with ISO 6974-1:2000 and ISO 6974-2:2001.
This method can also be applicable to the analysis of natural gas substitutes. Additional
information on the applicability of this method to the determination of natural gas substitutes is
also given where relevant.

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ISO 10723:2002 Natural gas -- Performance evaluation for on-line analytical systems. This
describes a method of assessing whether an analytical system for natural gas is
satisfactory provided that the analytical requirements have been clearly defined and
the analytical and calibration procedures have been fully described.
ISO 14111:1997 Natural gas -- Guidelines to traceability in analysis - provides general
guidelines on the implementation and application of traceability concepts in the
analysis of natural gas. Its purpose is to lay down the foundations for the development
of specific traceability protocols in other International Standards for natural-gas
analysis.
Other relevant Standards
ISO 19739: 2004
ISO 6326-1: 2007
ASTM D 1945-03: 2010

Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds using gas chromatography

Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds -- Part 1: General
introduction
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography

ISO 19739:2004 Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds using gas chromatography specifies
the determination of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, C1 to C4 thiols, sulfides and
tetrahydrothiophene (THT) using gas chromatography (GC). Depending on the method chosen
from those given in its annexes, the application ranges for the determination of sulfur compounds
can vary, but whichever of the methods is used, its requirements apply.
ISO 6326-1:2007 Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds -- Part 1: General introduction
gives a brief description of standardized methods that can be used for the determination of sulfur
compounds in natural gas. The principle of each method is described generally, the range of
concentrations for which the method is suitable is indicated, and the analytical range and
precision of each method is given. It should enable the user to select judiciously the proper
method for the application being considered. Sulfur analysis is performed in order to determine
total sulfur, sulfur contained in specific groups [e.g. thiols (mercaptans)], individual sulfur
compounds and specific groups of sulfur compounds. The available standardized methods in the
field of sulfur analysis are the Wickbold combustion method for total sulfur determination (ISO
4260); the Lingener combustion method for total sulfur determination (ISO 6326-5); gas
chromatography for determination of individual sulfur compounds (ISO 19739); potentiometry
for determination of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and thiol compounds (ISO 6326-3).
ASTM D 1945-03: 2010 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
covers the determination of the chemical composition of natural gases and similar gaseous
mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1. This test method may be abbreviated
for the analysis of lean natural gases containing negligible amounts of hexanes and higher
hydrocarbons, or for the determination of one or more components, as required. The values stated
in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Laboratory
Density
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measuring uncertainty
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
Section 4.4: General requirements Calibration
Section 8.1.1: Gas samplers systems Functional requirements General
Annex B: (Normative) Testing and commissioning
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.3: General requirements Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Section 5.1.6.1: Sales and allocation measurement - Functional requirements - Operational requirements
General
Section 5.2.4.1: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Location
of sensor
Section 5.2.4.7: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Instrument part Density
Section 5.2.5.2: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Computer
design
Section 5.2.5.5: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Calculations
Section 5.2.5.6: Sales and allocation measurement Technical requirements Computer part Check
Annex A: (Normative) Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 3838: 2004

ISO 12185: 1996

ISO 3993: 1984
Revision 2

Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products -Determination of density or relative density -- Capillarystoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer
methods
Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Determination of
density -- Oscillating U-tube method
Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons -- Determination
of density or relative density -- Pressure hydrometer method

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ISO 3675: 1998
ISO 15212-1: 1998
ISO 15212-2: 2002

Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products -- Laboratory

determination of density -- Hydrometer method
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 1: Laboratory instruments
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 2: Process instruments for
homogeneous liquids

API Standards
API MPMS 9.1: 2005

API MPMS 9.2: 2007

API MPMS 9.3: 2008

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific

Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Thermohydrometer Method

Abstract of standard
ISO 3838: 2004 Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products -- Determination of density or
relative density -- Capillary-stoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer
methods specifies methods for the determination of the density or relative density of crude
petroleum and of petroleum products handled as liquids. The capillary-stoppered pyknometer
method is also for use with solids and this method may also be used for coal tar products,
including road tars, creosote and tar pitches, or for mixtures of these with petroleum products.
This method is not suitable for the determination of the density or relative density of highly
volatile liquids having Reid vapour pressures greater than 50 kPa according to ISO 3007 or
having an initial boiling point below 40 degrees Celsius. The graduated bicapillary pyknometer
method is recommended for the accurate determination of the density or relative density of all
except the more viscous products, and is particularly useful when only small amounts of samples
are available. The method is restricted to liquids having Reid vapour pressures of 130 kPa or less
according to ISO 3007 and having kinematic viscosities less than 50 mm2/s (50 centistokes (cSt))
at the test temperature. Special precautions are specified for the determination of the density or
relative density of highly volatile liquids.
ISO 12185: 1996 Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Determination of density -- Oscillating Utube method gives a method for the determination, using an oscillation U-tube densitometer, of
the density of crude petroleum and related products within the range 600 kg/m3 to 1 100 kg/m3
which can be handled as single-phase liquids at the test temperature and pressure.
ISO 3993: 1984 Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons -- Determination of density or relative
density -- Pressure hydrometer method prescribed apparatus shall not be used for materials
having gauge vapour pressures higher than 1,4 MPa (absolute vapour pressure 1,5 MPa) at the
test temperature. Alternative calibration procedures are described, but only the one using a
certified hydrometer is suitable for the determination of density to be used in calculations of
qualities for custody transfer or fiscal purposes.

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API MPMS 9.1: 2005 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method describes
the methods and practices relating to the determination of the density, relative density, or API
gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products using the hydrometer method
(laboratory determination).
API MPMS 9.2: 2007 Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by
Pressure Hydrometer provides a guide for determining the density or relative density (specific
gravity) or API gravity of light hydrocarbons, including liquefied petroleum gases, using a
pressure hydrometer.
API MPMS 9.3: 2008 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude
Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method describes methods and
practices suitable for the determination of density or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid
petroleum products using thermohydrometers. The test method covers petroleum and liquid
petroleum products with Reid vapor pressure of 179 kPa (26 psi) or less.
Other relevant Standards
ISO 649-1: 1981
ISO 649-2: 1981

Laboratory glassware -- Density hydrometers for general

purposes -- Part 1: Specification
Laboratory glassware -- Density hydrometers for general
purposes -- Part 2: Test methods and use

ISO 649-1: 1981 Laboratory glassware -- Density hydrometers for general purposes -- Part 1:
Specification specifies the requirements for basic series and sub-series of glass hydrometers of
constant mass without built-in thermometer. They are graduated to indicate density at 20 degrees
centigrade and 15 degrees centigrade, respectively. Standard categories of surface tension are
tabled in annex A, recommended stem diameters in annex B.
ISO 649-2: 1981 Laboratory glassware -- Density hydrometers for general purposes -- Part 2: Test
methods and use specifies the determination of the density considering general procedures.
Apparatus and readings of the density and temperature are described and also the application of
the corrections. In drawings the construction and the dimensions of suitable vessels are shown.

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Laboratory
Water in Oil and Sediments
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
Section 8: Allowable measuring uncertainty
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
Section 4.1: General requirements General
Section 4.3: General requirements Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Section 6: Water in oil measurement
Section 6.1.1: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements General
Section 6.1.4.1: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance - Capacity
Section 6.1.4.2: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Performance Uncertainty
Section 6.1.5: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Process/Ambient conditions
Section 6.1.6: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Operational requirements
Section 6.1.7.3: Water in oil measurement Functional requirements Maintenance requirements
Layout requirements
Section 6.2.1: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Mechanical part
Section 6.2.2: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Instrument part
Section 6.2.3: Water in oil measurement Technical requirements Computer part
Annex D: (Informative) Water in oil calculations
Most Significant Standards
ISO Standards
ISO 9030: 1990
ISO 9029: 1990
ISO 10336: 1997
ISO 10337: 1997
ISO 6296: 2000
ISO 12937: 2000

Revision 2

Crude petroleum -- Determination of water and sediment -Centrifuge method

Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Distillation method
Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Potentiometric
Karl Fischer titration method
Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Coulometric Karl
Fischer titration method
Petroleum products -- Determination of water -- Potentiometric
Karl Fischer titration method
Petroleum products -- Determination of water -- Coulometric
Karl Fischer titration method

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API Standards
API MPMS 10.3: 2008
API MPMS 10.6: 2009
API MPMS 10.7: 2006
API MPMS 10.8: 2010
API MPMS 10.9: 2010

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by

the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric
Karl Fischer Titration
Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane
Filtration
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric
Karl Fischer Titration

Abstract of standard
ISO 9030: 1990 Crude petroleum -- Determination of water and sediment -- Centrifuge method
specifies a method for the laboratory determination. The precision data of this procedure have
only been determined for water contents up to 1 % (V/V). Includes principle, apparatus, reagents,
sampling, procedure, expression of results, precision and test report. A centrifuge tube is shown
in figure 1. The procedure for reading the volume of water and sediment is shown in figure 2. The
precision of the method is shown in figure 3. The sample handling is described in annex A.
ISO 9029: 1990 Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Distillation method. The precision data
of this procedure have only been determined for water contents up to 1 % (V/V). Includes
principle, apparatus, solvent, calibration and recovery test, sampling, procedure, expression of
results, precision and test report. The distillation apparatus is shown in figures 1 and 2. The
precision of the method is shown in figure 3. The sample handling is described in annex A.
API MPMS 10.3: 2008 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge
Method (Laboratory Procedure) describes a method of laboratory determination of water and
sediment in crude oil by means of the centrifuge procedure.
API MPMS 10.6: 2009 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge
Method (Laboratory Procedure) describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in
fuel oils in the range from 0 to 30 % volume by means of the centrifuge procedure.
API MPMS 10.7: 2006 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer
Titration describes the procedure for the determination of water in crude oils by Karl Fischer
titration (potentiometric.) This test method covers the determination of water in the range from
0.02 to 2 mass percent in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to
interfere with the method.
API MPMS 10.8: 2010 Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration
covers the determination of sediment in crude oils by membrane filtration. This test method has
been validated for crude oils with sediments up to approximately 0.15 mass %. The accepted unit
of measure for this test method is mass %, but an equation to convert to volume % is provided.
API MPMS 10.9: 2010 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5.0 percent in crude oils.
The test method presents two procedures for the direct determination of water content in crude
oils; weight and volume.
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Other relevant Standards
ISO 3734: 1997
ISO 3733: 1999

Revision 2

Petroleum products - Determination of water and sediment in

residual fuel oils - Centrifuge method
Petroleum products and bituminous materials -- Determination of
water - Distillation method

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STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

Multiphase Flow Regime
Multiphase Meters
NPD Regulations
Regulations relating to measurement of Petroleum for Fiscal purposes and for calculation of CO2 tax
(The Measurement regulation): 2009
No specific standards
NORSOK References
NORSOK Standard I-104: 2005 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas
NORSOK Standard I-105: 2007 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid
No specific standards
Most Significant Standards
NFOGM Documents
Handbook Revision 2: 2005

Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering

API Documents
API MPMS RP 86: 2005
API MPMS Publ 2566 : 2004

Recommended Practice for Measurement of Multiphase Flow

State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering

ISO Documents
ISO/PRF TR 11583: 2011 (1)

Measurement of wet gas flow by means of pressure differential

devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits

(1): Not published at time of edition.

NFOGM Handbook Revision 2: 2005 Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering is intended to serve as a
guide for users and manufacturers of MPFMs. Its purpose is to provide a common basis for, and
assistance in, the classification of applications and meters, as well as guidance and
recommendations for the implementation and use of such meters. The document may also serve
as an introduction to newcomers in the field of multiphase flow measurement, with definition of
terms and a description of multiphase flow in closed conduits being included. The so-called inline MPFMs that directly measure the oil, water and gas flow rates without any conditioning, as
well as the partial- and full separation MPFMs are the main focus of the Handbook. Conventional
two- or three-phase separators are not included here. It should be emphasized however that in
contrast to the previous Handbook, this version also covers wet gas meters and their applications,

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since wet gas is considered as a subset of multiphase flows. Even if the individual flow rates of
each constituent are of primary interest, often their ratios (Water-in-Liquid Ratio, Gas/Oil Ratio,
etc) are useful as operational parameters. Constituents other than oil, gas and water flow rates or
ratios of these are not dealt with here. The performance of a multiphase flow meter in terms of
uncertainty, repeatability, range, etc. is of great importance, as this enables the user to compare
different meters and evaluate their suitability for use in specific applications. Section 8 covers this
issue in detail and proposes standard methods to describe performance. The testing and
qualification of the meters is also related to performance. Guidance is provided to help optimise
the outcome of such activities. Since MPFMs measure at line conditions, the primary output is
individual flow rates and fractions at actual conditions (e.g. at the operating pressure and
temperature). Conversion of these actual flow rates to flow rates at standard conditions, requires
knowledge of composition and mass transfer between the liquid and the gas phases and may
involve multiphase sampling. The conversion from actual conditions to standard conditions is not
included here.
API MPMS RP 86: 2005 Recommended Practice for Measurement of Multiphase Flow addresses how
the user measures (multiphase) flow rates of oil, gas, water, and any other fluids that are present
in the effluent stream of a single well. This requires the definition not only of the methodology
which is to be employed, but also the provision of evidence that this methodology will produce a
quality measurement in the intended environment. Most often, this evidence will take the form of
a statement of the uncertainty of the measurement, emphasizing how the uncertainty statement
was derived.
API MPMS Publ 2566 : 2004 State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering provides information on
multiphase flow metering systems gleaned from more than 150 published documents that are in
the public domain. The documentation was prepared from information obtained through mid2002. It should be noted that the indicated performances data stated in these published documents
have not necessarily been verified by an independent body. The listing of these references in the
Appendix 2 is intended to provide a comprehensive source of data and information on multiphase
metering; the reader needs to carefully review the source of the data in the documents when
utilizing the information.

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National and International Organizations for Standardization & Regulation
Addresses and links
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse
Case Postale 56
1211 Genve 20
Switzerland
www.iso.org
API (American Petroleum Institute)
1220 L Street, Northwest
Washington DC 20005
USA
www.api.org
AGA (American Gas Association)
400 North Capitol Street, NW
Washington DC 20001
USA
www.aga.org
GPA (Gas Processor Association)
6526 E. 60th Street,
Tulsa OK 74145
USA
www.gpaglobal.org
ENERGY INSTITUTE
61 New Cavendish Street
London W1G 7AR
UK
www.energyinst.org
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Professor Olav Hanssens vei 10, PB 600
NO-4003 Stavanger
Norway
www.npd.no

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STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

Standards Norway
Strandveien 18
NO-1326 Lysaker
Norway
www.standard.no
OIML (International Organization for Legal Metrology)
11, rue Turgot
75009 Paris
France
www.oiml.org

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STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

List of Standards
ISO 91-1: 1992
ISO 91-2: 1991
ISO 1998-6: 2000
ISO 2186:2007
ISO 2714: 1980
ISO 2715: 1981
ISO 2909: 2002
ISO 3170: 2004
ISO 3171: 1988
ISO 3675: 1998
ISO 3733: 1999
ISO 3734: 1997
ISO 3735: 1999
ISO 3838: 2004
ISO 3993: 1984
ISO 4124: 1994
ISO 4257: 2007
ISO 4267-2: 1988
ISO 5024: 1999
ISO 5167-1: 2003
ISO 5167-2: 2003
ISO 5167-3: 2003
ISO 5167-4: 2003
ISO 5168:2005
ISO 6296: 2000
ISO 6326-1: 2007

Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15 degrees C and 60 degrees F
Petroleum measurement tables -- Part 2: Tables based on a reference temperature of 20 degrees C
Petroleum industry -- Terminology -- Part 6: Measurement
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary and
secondary elements
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by displacement meter systems other than dispensing pumps
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Volumetric measurement by turbine meter systems
Petroleum products -- Calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
Petroleum liquids -- Automatic pipeline sampling
Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method
Petroleum products and bituminous materials -- Determination of water - Distillation method
Petroleum products - Determination of water and sediment in residual fuel oils - Centrifuge method
Crude petroleum and fuel oils - Determination of sediment - Extraction method
Crude petroleum and liquid or solid petroleum products - Determination of density or relative density - Capillarystoppered pyknometer and graduated bicapillary pyknometer methods
Liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbons - Determination of density or relative density - Pressure hydrometer
method
Liquid hydrocarbons -- Dynamic measurement -- Statistical control of volumetric metering systems
Liquefied petroleum gases -- Method of sampling
Petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Calculation of oil quantities - Part 2: Dynamic measurement
Petroleum liquids and liquefied petroleum gases - Measurement - Standard reference conditions
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running
full -- Part 1: General principles and requirements
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running
full -- Part 2: Orifice plates
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running
full -- Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzles
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running
full -- Part 4: Venturi tubes
Measurement of fluid flow - Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties
Petroleum products -- Determination of water -- Potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method
Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds -- Part 1: General introduction

ISO 6551: 1982

Petroleum liquids and gases -- Fidelity and security of dynamic measurement -- Cabled transmission of electric and/or
electronic pulsed data

ISO 6974-1: 2000

Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 1: Guidelines for
tailored analysis

ISO/FDIS 6974-1: 2011

ISO 6974-2: 2001

ISO 6974-4: 2000

ISO 6974-5: 2000

Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 2: Measuringsystem characteristics and statistics for processing of data

ISO 6976: 1995

ISO/TR 7066-1: 1997
ISO 7066-2: 1988
ISO 7278-1: 1987
ISO 7278-2: 1988
ISO 7278-3: 1998
ISO 7278-4: 1999

Revision 2

23, 28
23, 26
48
37
37
43, 86
90
46, 90
46
42, 85
43, 85
23, 52
38
50
6
56,71
56, 71
56, 71
56, 71
15
88
84
26, 28,
30,
32, 67
15, 80

15, 80
80

Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 3: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 4: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line measuring system using
two columns
Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 5: Determination of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line process application using
three columns

ISO/NP 6974-5: 2010

ISO 6974-6: 2002

71

80

ISO/FDIS 6974-2: 2011

ISO 6974-3: 2000

23, 50
23, 50
22

15, 80
15, 80

15, 80
80

Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography - Part 6: Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons using three capillary columns
Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition
Assessment of uncertainty in calibration and use of flow measurement devices - Part 1: Linear calibration
relationships
Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices - Part 2: Non-linear calibration
relationships
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters -- Part 1: General principles
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement -- Proving systems for volumetric meters -- Part 2: Pipe provers
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters -- Part 3: Pulse interpolation
techniques
Liquid hydrocarbons - Dynamic measurement - Proving systems for volumetric meters - Part 4: Guide for operators of
pipe provers

16, 80
72, 75
16
16
35
35
35
35

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STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

ISO 8222:2002
ISO 8310: 1991
ISO 8943: 2007
ISO 9000: 2005
ISO 9001: 2008
ISO 9004: 2009
ISO 9029: 1990
ISO 9030: 1990
ISO 9300: 2005
ISO/TR 9464: 2008
ISO 9770: 1989
ISO 9951:1993
ISO 10005: 2005
ISO/TR 10013: 2001
ISO 10307-1: 2009
ISO 10307-2: 2009
ISO 10336: 1997
ISO 10337: 1997
ISO 10715: 1997
ISO 10723:2002
ISO 10790: 1999
ISO/PRF TR 11583:
2011
ISO 11631: 1998
ISO 12185: 1996
ISO 12213-1: 2006
ISO 12213-2: 2006
ISO 12213-3: 2006
ISO/DIS 12242 (1)
ISO/TR 12767: 2007
ISO 12937: 2000
ISO 13443: 1996
ISO/DTR 13587 (1)
ISO 14111:1997
ISO 14532:2001
ISO 15112: 2011
ISO 15212-1: 1998
ISO 15212-2: 2008
ISO/TR 15377: 2007
ISO 15970: 2008
ISO 15971: 2008
ISO/IEC 17021: 2011
ISO/IEC 17025: 2005
ISO 17089-1: 2010
ISO/DIS 17089-2
ISO 19011: 2002
ISO 19739: 2004
ISO 20765-1: 2005
ISO 20815: 2008
ISO 21748: 2010
ISO 23874: 2006
ISO/TS 29001: 2010
CEI 60751: 2008
ISO 80000-1: 2009
ISO/IEC Guide 28:
2004
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1:
2009
ISO/IEC NP Guide 982
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:
2008
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3
Sup1: 2008

Revision 2

Petroleum measurement systems - Calibration -- Temperature corrections for use when calibrating volumetric proving
tanks
Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids - Measurement of temperature in tanks containing liquefied gases - Resistance
thermometers and thermocouples
Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids -- Sampling of liquefied natural gas -- Continuous and intermittent methods
Quality management systems -- Fundamentals and vocabulary
Quality management systems - Requirements
Managing for the sustained success of an organization - A quality management approach.
Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Distillation method
Crude petroleum - Determination of water and sediment - Centrifuge method
Measurement of gas flow by means of critical flow Venturi nozzles
Guidelines for the use of ISO 5167:2003
3
Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Compressibility factors for hydrocarbons in the range 638 kg/m to 1 074
3
kg/m
Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits -- Turbine meters
Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality plans
Guidelines for quality management system documentation
Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 1: Determination by hot filtration
Petroleum products - Total sediment in residual fuel oils - Part 2: Determination using standard procedures for ageing
Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method
Crude petroleum -- Determination of water -- Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
Natural gas -- Sampling guidelines
Natural gas -- Performance evaluation for on-line analytical systems
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection, installation and use of Coriolis meters
(mass flow, density and volume flow measurements)

33
41
78
8
8
9
88
45, 88
58
58
23, 50
66
9
9
46
46
88
88
78
80
23, 30,
43, 64

Measurement of wet gas flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits

91

Measurement of fluid flow -- Methods of specifying flowmeter performance

Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube method
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 1: Introduction and guidelines
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis
Natural gas -- Calculation of compression factor -- Part 3: Calculation using physical properties
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for liquid
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices -- Guidelines on the effect of departure from the
specifications and operating conditions given in ISO 5167
Petroleum products -- Determination of water -- Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
Natural gas - Standard reference conditions
Three statistical approaches for the assessment and interpretation of measurement uncertainty
Natural Gas -- Guidelines to traceability in analysis
Natural Gas Vocabulary
Natural gas -- Energy determination
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 1: Laboratory instruments
Oscillation-type density meters -- Part 2: Process instruments for homogeneous liquids
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure-differential devices -- Guidelines for the specification of orifice plates,
nozzles and Venturi tubes beyond the scope of ISO 5167
Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Volumetric properties: density, pressure, temperature and compression
factor
Natural gas -- Measurement of properties -- Calorific value and Wobbe index
Conformity assessment -- Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas - Part 1: Meters for custody transfer and
allocation measurement
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas -- Part 2: Meters for industrial applications
Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing
Natural gas -- Determination of sulfur compounds using gas chromatography
Natural gas -- Calculation of thermodynamic properties -- Part 1: Gas phase properties for transmission and
distribution applications
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Production assurance and reliability management
Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty estimation
Natural gas -- Gas chromatographic requirements for hydrocarbon dewpoint calculation
Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Sector-specific quality management systems - Requirements
for product and service supply organizations
Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors
Quantities and Units Part 1 : General

22
43, 85
73
73
73
32
58
88
6
15
80
54
75
42, 86
42, 86
58
69, 73
75
12
11
62
62
9
84
62, 73
8
16
80
9
41, 69
6

Conformity assessment -- Guidance on a third-party certification system for products

12

Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 1: Introduction to the expression of uncertainty in measurement

14

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 2: Concepts and basic principles

15

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)

14

Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method.

16

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ISO/IEC NP Guide 984
ISO/IEC NP Guide 985
ISO/IEC Guide 99:
2007

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 4: Role of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment

15

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 5: Applications of the least-squares method

15

International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)

API MPMS 4.1: 2009

API MPMS 4.2: 2003
API MPMS 4.4: 2010
API MPMS 4.5: 2005
API MPMS 4.6: 2008
API MPMS 4.7: 2009
API MPMS 4.8: 2007
API MPMS 5.1: 2008
API MPMS 5.2: 2005
API MPMS 5.3: 2009

Proving system - Introduction

Proving system - Displacement provers
Proving system - Tank provers
Proving system - Master Meter provers
Proving system - Pulse interpolation
Proving system - Field Standard Test Measures
Proving system - Operation of Proving Systems
General Considerations for Measurement by Meters
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Displacement Meters
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters

API MPMS 5.4: 2005

Accessory Equipment for Liquid Meters

API MPMS 5.5: 2010

Fidelity and Security of Flow Measurement Pulsed-Data Transmission Systems

API MPMS 5.6: 2008

API MPMS 5.8: 2005
API MPMS 7: 2007
API MPMS 8.1: 2006
API MPMS 8.2: 2010

Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters

Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flowmeters Using Transit Time Technology
Temperature Determination
Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatiltiy Measurement
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
Products by Thermohydrometer Method
Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Determination of Sediment and Water in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration
Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane
Filtration
Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating
Oils
Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.3500.637 Relative
Density (60 F/60 F) and 50 F to 140 F Metering Temperature
Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350637 Kilograms per Cubic Meter Density (15 C) and 46 C to 60 C
Metering Temperature
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors, Part 1Introduction
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part
2-Measurement Tickets
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part
3-Proving Reports
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volume Correction Factors, Part 4Calculation of Base Prover Volumes by Waterdraw Method
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Section 2 Calculation Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric
Correction Factors, Part 5 Calculation of Base Prover Volume by Master Meter Method
Statistical Concepts and Procedures in Measurement
Statistical Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data
Guidelines for Use of the International System of Units (SI) in the Petroleum and Allied Industries.
Allocation Measurement
Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Turbine Meters

35
35
35
35
35
35
35
22
23, 28
23, 26
26, 28,
30, 32
26, 28,
30, 32
23, 30
23, 32
41
37
37

API MPMS 8.3: 2010

API MPMS 8.4: 2009
API MPMS 9.1: 2005
API MPMS 9.2: 2007
API MPMS 9.3: 2008
API MPMS 10.1: 2007
API MPMS 10.2: 2007
API MPMS 10.3: 2008
API MPMS 10.4: 2010
API MPMS 10.5: 2005
API MPMS 10.6: 2004
API MPMS 10.7: 2006
API MPMS 10.8: 2010
API MPMS 10.9: 2010
API MPMS 11.1: 2004
API MPMS 11.2.2:
2007
API MPMS 11.2.2M:
2007
API MPMS 12.2.1:
2009
API MPMS 12.2.2:
2010
API MPMS 12.2.3:
2009
API MPMS 12.2.4:
2009
API MPMS 12.2.5
:2009
API MPMS 13.1: 2011
API MPMS 13.2: 2011
API-MPMS 15: 2007
API MPMS 20.1: 2006
API MPMS 21.2: 2004
API MPMS TR 2570:
2010
API MPMS RP 86:
2005
API MPMS Publ 2566 :
2004

Revision 2

38
38
43, 86
43, 86
37, 79
46
46
45, 89
45
46
46, 89
46, 89
46, 89
46, 89
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
16, 38
16, 38
7
52
50

Continuous on-line Measurement of Water In Petroleum (Crude Oil and Condensate)

45

Recommended Practice for Measurement of Multiphase Flow

91

State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering

91

Page: 101 of 101

Date: 3/18/2012

STANDARDS RELATING TO MEASUREMENT OF PETROLEUM

AGA Report Nr 3-1: 2009

API MPMS 14.3.1
AGA Report Nr 3-2: 2006
API MPMS 14.3.2
AGA Report Nr 3-3: 2009
API MPMS 14.3.3
AGA Report Nr 3-4: 2006
API MPMS 14.3.4
AGA Report Nr 5: 2009
AGA Report Nr 7: 2006
AGA Report Nr 8: 1994
AGA Report Nr 9: 2007
AGA Report Nr 10: 2003
AGA Report Nr 11: 2003

Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 4: Background, Development Implementation Procedure

58

Natural Gas Energy Measurement

Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meter
Compressibility Factor of Natural Gas and Related Hydrocarbon Gases
Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters
Speed of Sound in Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases
Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter

75
66
73
62
62
64

ASTM D341-03
ASTM D 1945-03: 2010

Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography

48
84

NFOGM 2001
NFOGM 2003
NFOGM Handbook 2005
Handbook Revision 2: 2005

Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Ultrasonic Fiscal Gas Metering Station

Handbook of uncertainty calculation, Fiscal Orifice Gas and Turbine Oil Metering Station
Handbook of Water Fraction Metering
Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering

14
14
46
91

NS-EN 1776: 1999

Gas supply systems - Natural gas measuring stations Functional requirements

55

OIML R117-1: 2007

OIML R137-1: 2006
OIML R140: 2007

Dynamic measurement systems for liquids other than water

Gas meters Part 1: Requirements
Measuring systems for gaseous fuel

22, 52
54
54

Revision 2

Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 1: General Equations & Uncertainty Guidelines

58

Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 2: Specification and Installation Requirements

58

Orifice Metering of Natural Gas Part 3: Natural Gas Applications

58