gfiok 2.1: Resistances in Series and Parallel za) Reduce each of the networks shown in Figure — P2.1 toa single equivalent resistance by com- bining resistances in series and parallel, 30 ao » Figure P2.1 ‘A 20-9 resistance is in parallel with a series combination of a 12-@ resistance, and an unknown resistance R,. The equivalent resis- tance for the network is 10 2. Determine the value of Ry. Find the equivalent resistance between ter- minals a and b in Figure P23. aa, oo sak wd ‘oa . Figure P23 Find the equivalent resistance looking into terminals a and b in Figure P24. ent Solutions P25. P26, P27. P29, P2.10. P2.11. Problems 127 wo, na 9a 6a Figure P24 Suppose that we need a resistance of 4.5 k& and you have a box of 2-k2 resistors. Devise a network of 2-k2 resistors so the equivalent resistance is 4.5 k&. Repeat for an equivalent resistance of 8.8 k2. ‘a, Determine the resistance between termi- nals c and d for the network shown in Figure P26. b. Repeat after removing the short circuit between terminals a and b. Figure P26 ‘Two resistances Ri and Rp are connected in parallel. The value of Ry is 50 9, and the cur- rent through Rj is four times the value of the current through Ri. Find the value of Ro. Find the equivalent resistance between termi- nals a and b for each of the networks shown in Figure P28. What conductance in series with a 70 8 con- ductance results in an equivalent conduc~ tance of 20 8? ‘Two resistances having values of 2R and 3R are in parallel. R and the equivalent resis- tance are both integers. What are the possible values for R? ‘A network connected between terminals a ‘and consists of two parallel combinations in series. The first parallel combination has ‘Denotes that answers are contained inthe Student Solutions files. See Appendix E for more information about accessing the128 —Chapter2. Resistive Circuits P2.13(b), the equivalent resistance is same. Thus, working from Figure P2. ‘we can write an expression for Reg in 338 of Reg. Then, we can solve for Reg:) sa sa sa i: ua sa ooh wa oa isa R sa on na 0a. s | Figure P2.13, 0a P2.14, If we connect n 1000-2 resistances in pars what value is the equivalent resistance? oa woo P25. We are designing an electric space heater operate from 120 V, Two heating elemer with resistances R; and Rp are to be Figure P28 that can be operated in parallel, separate ‘or in series. The highest power is to be 9 ‘watts, and the lowest power isto be 180 watt ‘What values are needed for Rj and Ro? intermediate power settings are available? three resistances having values 10 2, 20 2, ' and 30 @ respectively. The second combina- tion has 2 resistances of 20 2 and 40 2 respec- tively. Determine the equivalent resistance, ‘P26. The equivalent resistance between termin and draw the network, a and b in Figure P2.16 is Ras = 60 & i 2.12. The heating element of an electric cook top Deterroine the value of X has two resistive elements, Ry = 40 2 and ; Ry = 100 ©, which can be operated sepa- rately, in series, or in parallel from voltages of either 120 V or 240 V. For the lowest power, Ry is in series with Ro, and the com- bination is operated from 120 V. What is | the lowest power? For the highest power, how should the elements be operated? What power results? List three more modes of operation and the resulting power for each. 2.13, Find the equivalent resistance for the infinite network shown in Figure P2.13(a). Because of its form, this network is called a semi- infinite ladder. (Hint: If another section is added to the ladder as shown in Figure FigureP2.16130 Chapter 2. Resistive Circuits Section 2.2: Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents 2.22, From memory. list the stepsin solving acircuit, by network reduction (series/parallel combi- nations). Does this method always provide the solution? Explain. **P2.23, Find the values of i; and iz in Figure P2.23 Figure P2.23 *P224, Find the values of iy and iz in Figure P2.24 Find the power for each element in the cir- cuit, and state whether each is absorbing or delivering energy. Verify that the total power absorbed equals the total power delivered. Figure P2.24 \d the values of v and i in Figure P2.25. sa 2a oa oa Figure P2.25 *P2.26. Find the voltages vi and v2 for the circuit shown in Figure P2.26 by combining resis tances in series and parallel asa Figure P2.26 2.27, Consider the circuit shown in Figure Suppose that the value of v, is adjusted vj = 10 V. Determine the new values for: and v,. (Hint: Start at the location of v2 ‘compute currents and voltages, moving to} right and left.) i 2.28, Find the values of v,,vj and iin Figure P2. 3A Figure P2.28 2.29. Determine the values of i and i in Fi P2.29. bo 30) 49 Figure P2.29 2.30, Find the voltage v and the currents iy an for the circuit shown in Figure P2.30. Figure P2.30 P231. Solve for the values of ij, i2, and the pos for the sources in Figure P2.31. Is the eu source absorbing energy or delivering it? I the voltage source absorbing energy or delit: cringit? Check to see that powers conser inthe circuit Figure P2.31"P7232. Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.32. . With the switch open, we have v2 = 10. On. the other hand, with the switch closed, we have vp = 8 V. Determine the values of Ry and Ry oa Te wv oi Ry Figure P2.32 | 2.33. Consider the circuit shown in Figure P2.33. Find the values of v1, v2, vab, Vie. and Vea peigs sa 40 Figure P2.33, P234. The 15-V source in Figure P2.34 delivers 4.5 W of power. All four resistors have same value R. Find the value of R. Figure p2.34 . Find the values of iy and ip in Figure P2.35. Figure P2.35 "Section 2.3: Voltage-Divider and Ci Circuits rent-Divider *P2.36. Use the voltage-division principle to calcu- late v1, v2, and v3 in Figure P2.36. Problems 131 Rea Figure 2.36 *P2.37. Use the current-division principle to calcu- late fy and ig in Figure P2.37, Figure P2.37 3A *P2.38. Use the voltage-division principle to calcu- late v in Figure P2.38, R=00 wv Figure P2.38 2.39. Use the current-division principle to caleu- late the value of is in Figure P2.39, rR, =100 Figure p2.39 2.40. We want to design a voltage-divider circuit to provide an output voltage v =5V froma9-V battery as shown in Figure P2.40, The current taken from the 9-V source with no load con- nected is to be 10 mA. a, Find the values of Ryand Ro. b. Now suppose that a load resis- tance of 1 k& is connected across the output terminals (e., in parallel with R2). Find the loaded value of vp. e. How could we change the design so the voltage remains closer to SV