Problem 14.

41
R
= 2 f c
L
R = 2 f c L = ( 2 )(10 5 )(40 10 -3 ) = 25 .13 k
c =

Problem 14.42
1 = 2 f 1 = 20 10 3
2 = 2 f 2 = 22 10 3
B = 2 1 = 2 10 3

0 =
Q=

0 21
=
= 11.5
B
2

0 =

L=

2 + 1
= 21 103
2

1
LC

L=

1
20 C

1
= 2 .872 H
(21 10 ) (80 10 -12 )
3 2

R = BL
L
R = (2 10 3 )(2 .872 ) = 18 .045 k
B=

Problem 14.43
o =

Therefore,

1
1
=
= 10 krad / s
3
LC
( 25 10 )(0.4 10 6 )

B=

R
10
=
= 0 .4 krad / s
L 25 10 -3

Q=

10
= 25
0 .4

1 = o B 2 = 10 0 .2 = 9.8 krad / s

or

2 = o + B 2 = 10 + 0.2 = 10.2 krad / s

or

1.56 kHz < f < 1.62 kHz

9 .8
= 1 .56 kHz
2
10 .2
f2 =
= 1.62 kHz
2
f1 =

Problem 14.44
(a)
From Eq 14.54,
R
R
sRC
L
H (s ) =
=
=
2
1
R
1
1 + sRC + s LC
R + sL +
s2 + s +
sC
L LC
s

Since B =

R
and 0 =
L

H (s ) =

(b)

1
LC

sB
s + sB + 20
2

From Eq. 14.56,

1
LC
H (s) =
=
1
R 1
R + sL +
s2 + s +
sC
L LC
sL +

H (s) =

1
sC

s2 +

s 2 + 20
s 2 + sB + 20

Problem 14.45
(a)
Consider the circuit below.
I

I1

1/sC
+

Vs

1/sC

1
1
R +
1
1
sC
sC
Z(s) = R +
|| R + = R +
2
sC
sC
R+
sC
Z (s ) = R +

Z(s) =

I=

Vs
Z

Vo

1 + sRC
sC ( 2 + sRC )

1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C2
sC (2 + sRC)

Vs
1 sC
I=
2 sC + R
Z ( 2 + sRC)

I1 =

Vo = I 1 R =

H (s ) =

Vo
Vs

R Vs
sC ( 2 + sRC )

2 + sRC 1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C 2
=

sRC
1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C 2

3
s
1
RC
H (s ) =
3
1
3 2
s +
s+ 2 2

RC
R C

Thus,

(b)

1
or
R C2
3
B=
= 3 rad / s
RC
02 =

0 =

1
= 1 rad / s
RC

Similarly,
Z (s) = sL + R || (R + sL ) = sL +
Z (s ) =

I=

R (R + sL )
2 R + sL

R 2 + 3sRL + s 2 L2
2 R + sL

Vs
,
Z

Vo = I 1 sL =

I1 =

R Vs
R
I=
2 R + sL
Z (2 R + sL)

2 R + sL
2 R + sL R + 3sRL + s 2 L2
sLR Vs

1 3R
s
Vo
sRL
3 L
H (s) =
=
=
3R
R2
Vs R 2 + 3sRL + s 2 L2
s2 +
s+ 2
L
L
Thus,

R
= 1 rad / s
L
3R
B=
= 3 rad / s
L
0 =

Problem 14.46
1
=
LC

(a)

0 =

(b)

R 2 10 3
B= =
= 2 10 4
L
0.1
Q=

(0.1)( 40 10 )
-12

= 0 .5 10 6 rad / s

0 0 .5 10 6
=
= 250
B
2 10 4

As a high Q circuit,
B
= 10 4 (50 1) = 490 krad / s
2
B
2 = 0 + = 10 4 ( 50 + 1) = 510 krad / s
2
1 = 0

(c)

As seen in part (b),

Problem 14.47

Q = 250

Consider the circuit below.

Ro
+
1/sC
+

Vi

Vo
sL

1 R (sL + 1 sC )
Z(s) = R || sL + =

sC R + sL + 1 sC
R (1 + s 2 LC)
Z(s) =
1 + sRC + s 2 LC
H=

Vo
Z
R (1 + s 2 LC)
=
=
Vi Z + R o R o + sRR o C + s 2 LCR o + R + s 2 LCR

R (1 + s 2 LC)
Z in = R o + Z = R o +
1 + sRC + s 2 LC
Z in =

R o + sRR o C + s 2 LCR o + R + s 2 LCR

1 + sRC + s 2 LC

s = j

R o + jRR o C 2 LCR o + R 2 LCR

1 2 LC + jRC

Z in =

( R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR + j RR o C)(1 2 LC j RC )

Z in =
(1 2 LC ) 2 + ( RC) 2

Im( Zin ) = 0 implies that

- RC [ R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR ] + RR o C (1 2 LC ) = 0
R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR R o + 2 LCR o = 0

2 LCR = R
1

0 =

H=

LC

(1 10 -3 )( 4 10 -6 )

= 15.811 krad / s

R (1 2 LC )
R o + j RR o C + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR

H max = H (0 ) =

or

H max

R
Ro + R

R 2 LC
R

= H( ) = lim
=
R + R
RR o C
o
+j
LC ( R + R o ) R + R o
2

At 1 and 2 , H =

1
H
2 mzx

R (1 2 LC)
=
R o + R 2 LC ( R o + R ) + jRR o C
2 (R o + R )
R

1
2

1
=
2
0=

(R o + R )(1 2 LC)
( RR o C) 2 + (R o + R 2 LC (R o + R )) 2

10 (1 2 4 10-9 )
(96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2
10 (1 2 4 10 -9 )
(96 10 ) + (10 4 10 )
-6

-8 2

1
2

(10 2 4 10 -8 )( 2 ) (96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = 0

( 2)(10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = (96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2
(96 10 -6 ) 2 (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = 0

1.6 10 -15 4 8 .092 10 -7 2 + 100 = 0

4 5.058 10 8 + 6 .25 10 16 = 0

2.9109 108
2 =
2.1471 108
Hence,
1 = 14.653 krad / s
2 = 17.061 krad / s
B = 2 1 = 17.061 14.653 = 2 .408 krad / s
Problem 14.48
V+ =

(a)

1 j C
V,
R + 1 j C i

V = Vo

Since V+ = V ,
1
V = Vo
1 + j RC i
Vo
1
=
Vi 1 + jRC

H () =

V+ =

(b)

R
V,
R + 1 jC i

V = Vo

Since V+ = V ,
jRC
V = Vo
1 + j RC i
Vo
jRC
=
Vi 1 + jRC

H () =
Problem 14.49

This is a highpass filter.

H () =

j RC
1
=
1 + jRC 1 j RC

H () =

1
,
1 j c

H () =

1
1
=
1 j f c f 1 j1000 f

c =

1
= 2 (1000 )
RC

(a)

H (f = 200 Hz ) =

Vo =

(b)

120 mV

= 23.53 mV

H (f = 2 kHz ) =

Vo
1
=
1 j0.5 Vi

120 mV

= 107.3 mV

Vo =

(c)

1 j5

Vo
1
=
1 j5 Vi

1 j0 .5

H (f = 10 kHz ) =

Vo =

120 mV
1 j0 .1

Vo
1
=
1 j0 .1 Vi

= 119 .4 mV

Problem 14.50
Z f = R f ||

Rf
1
=
jC f 1 + j R f C f

Zi = R i +

1 + j R i C i
1
=
jC i
jC i

Hence,
H () =

Vo - Z f
- jR f Ci
=
=
Vi
Zi
(1 + jR f Cf )(1 + jR i Ci )

This is a bandpass filter. H () is similar to the product of the transfer function of a

lowpass filter and a highpass filter.
Problem 14.51
V+ =

V =

R
jRC
Vi =
V
R + 1 j C
1 + j RC i
Ri
Ri + Rf

Vo

Since V+ = V ,
Ri
j RC
Vo =
V
Ri + Rf
1 + jRC i
H () =

R f j RC

= 1 +
R i 1 + jRC
Vi

Vo

It is evident that as , the gain is 1 +

Rf
Ri

and that the corner frequency is

Problem 14.52
(a)
Proof
(b)

When R 1 R 4 = R 2 R 3 ,
H (s) =

(c)

R4
s

R 3 + R 4 s + 1 R 2C

When R 3 ,
H (s) =

- 1 R 1C
s +1 R2C

Problem 14.53
DC gain =

Rf
Ri

1
4

Corner frequency = c =

R i = 4R f

1
= 2 (500) rad / s
Rf Cf

If we select R f = 20 k , then R i = 80 k and

1
C=
= 15.915 nF
( 2)( 500)( 20 103 )
Therefore, if R f = 20 k , then R i = 80 k and C = 15.915 nF
Problem 14.54
Rf

R f = 5R i
Ri
1
Corner frequency = c =
= 2 ( 200) rad / s
R i Ci
High frequency gain = 5 =

1
.
RC

If we select R i = 20 k , then R f = 100 k and

1
C=
= 39.8 nF
( 2)( 200)( 20 10 3 )
Therefore, if R i = 20 k , then R f = 100 k and C = 39 .8 nF
This is a highpass filter with f c = 2 kHz.

Problem 14.55

c = 2 f c =
RC =

1
RC

1
1
=
2 f c 4 10 3

10 8 Hz may be regarded as high frequency. Hence the high-frequency gain is

R f 10
or
=
R f = 2.5R
R
4

If we let R = 10 k , then R f = 25 k , and C =

1
= 7 .96 nF .
4000 10 4

Problem 14.56
(a)

H (s ) =

Vo (s )
Vi (s )

Y1 Y2
Y1 Y2 + Y4 ( Y1 + Y2 + Y3 )

1
1
where Y1 =
= G1 , Y2 =
= G 2 , Y3 = sC 1 , Y4 = sC 2 .
R1
R2
H (s ) =

(b)

G 1G 2
G 1 G 2 + sC 2 (G 1 + G 2 + sC1 )

G1G 2
= 1,
H ( ) = 0
G1G 2
showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter.
H(0) =

R = 50 , L = 40 mH , C = 1 F

Problem 14.57
L =

Km
Kf

1 =

Km
Kf

(40 10 -3 )

25K f = K m
C =

C
Km Kf

(1)

1 =

10-6
Km Kf

10 6 K f =

1
Km

(2)

Substituting (1) into (2),

106 K f =

1
25K f

K f = 0 .2 10 -3
K m = 25K f = 5 10 -3
Problem 14.58
L C =

K 2f =

LC
K f2

K 2f =

LC
L C

(4 10-3 )(20 10-6 )

= 4 10-8
(1)( 2)

K f = 2 10 -4
L L 2
= K
C C m

K 2m =

K 2m =

L C

C L

(1)(20 10-6 )
= 2.5 10 -3
(2)( 4 10 -3 )

K m = 5 10 -2
Problem 14.59
R = K m R = (12 )(800 10 3 ) = 9 .6 M

Km
800
L=
( 40 10- 6 ) = 32 F
Kf
1000

L =

C
300 10-9
C =
=
= 0 .375 pF
K m K f (800)(1000)
Problem 14.60

L and C are needed before scaling.

B=

R
L

0 =

1
LC

L=

R 10
=
= 2H
B
5

C =

1
1
=
= 312.5 F
2
0 L (1600)(2)

(a)

L = K m L = (600)( 2) = 1200 H
C
3 .125 10 -4
C =
=
= 0 .5208 F
Km
600

L
2
= 3 = 2 mH
K f 10
C 3.125 10 -4
C =
=
= 312 .5 nF
Kf
103

(b)

L =

(c)

L =

Km
(400)( 2)
L=
= 8 mH
Kf
105
C
3.125 10-4
C =
=
= 7 .81 pF
K m Kf
(400)(105 )