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Inclination Calculations in Percent & Degree

This document discusses calculating inclination in percent and degrees. It defines inclination as the angle of gradient and provides formulas to convert between percent and degrees. For small angles, the percent can be approximated as the ratio of height to length multiplied by 100, and degrees can be approximated as the inverse sine of the ratio of height to length. An example calculates the height for an incline of 5% over a length of 200 meters. A table provides conversions between common percentage and degree values for inclination.

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Christos Chatzis
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17 views

Inclination Calculations in Percent & Degree

This document discusses calculating inclination in percent and degrees. It defines inclination as the angle of gradient and provides formulas to convert between percent and degrees. For small angles, the percent can be approximated as the ratio of height to length multiplied by 100, and degrees can be approximated as the inverse sine of the ratio of height to length. An example calculates the height for an incline of 5% over a length of 200 meters. A table provides conversions between common percentage and degree values for inclination.

Uploaded by

Christos Chatzis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inclination Calculations in Percent & Degree

1. Definition:
The angle of gradient can be written in percent (%) or degree .

D

x
1.1 Percent %:

D in % is the ratio of the height y to the distance x:
D [%] =

y
100
x

1.2 Degree :
D [] = arc tan

y
x

D [] = arc sin

y
l

y = l sin D 

100% = 45

2. Conversion of degree and percent of small angles:


With very small angles D is l | x respectively y is much smaller than x, its valid:

D [%] |

y
100
l

y |

D l
100

With angles less than 10% is the error less than 0,06% respectively 0,03

D [%] |

y
100
l

and

D [] = arc sin

y
l

D [%] | 100 sin D []


D [] | arc sin

D [%]
100

111 Canfield Ave., Bldg. A, Unit 14 Randolph, NJ 07869 866.9ENVIRO 973-252-6700 Fax: 973-252-1176 www.envirosight.com

Inclination Calculations in Percent & Degree


3. Example:
the incline is 5% , the length is 200m

y |

D l
100

D [] | arc sin

5 200
= 10m
100
y
10
= arc sin
= 2,866
l
200

4. Table :
Conversion from % in

Conversion from in %

D [%]

D []

D []

D [%]

0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
5,50
6,00
6,50
7,00
7,50
8,00
8,50
9,00
9,50
10,00

0,00
0,29
0,57
0,86
1,15
1,43
1,72
2,01
2,29
2,58
2,87
3,15
3,44
3,73
4,01
4,30
4,59
4,88
5,16
5,45
5,74

0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
5,50
6,00
6,50
7,00
7,50
8,00
8,50
9,00
9,50
10,00

0,00
0,87
1,75
2,62
3,49
4,36
5,23
6,10
6,98
7,85
8,72
9,58
10,45
11,32
12,19
13,05
13,92
14,78
15,64
16,50
17,36

* the conversion is valid if l = x !

111 Canfield Ave., Bldg. A, Unit 14 Randolph, NJ 07869 866.9ENVIRO 973-252-6700 Fax: 973-252-1176 www.envirosight.com

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