Sa 82 BA a CHAPTER 25 Ll} Coulomb’s Law and Electric Fields COULOMB'S LAW OF ELECTROSTATIC FORCE Describe Coulomb's law and the SI units involved, suppose that two point charges, q and q', are a distance r apart in vacuum. Ifq and 4° have the same sign, the two charges repel each other if they have opposite signs, then they attract each other. The force experienced by one charge duc to the other i given by Coulomb's law, f= k(gq’/r*), where ki a postive Constant. Note that a postive F tends to inereser. Inthe SI, the unit of charge is the coulomb (C), To avoid ‘ery small numbers in practical work the microcoulomb (1 p= 10°*C) and the nanacoulomb (1 nC = 10-°C) ate frequently employed. In another commonly used system, Coulomb's aw is written as F'=(gq'Vir, with F in dyn, inom, and q in esu. The conversion to coulombs i given by 1 C=3% 10" esu, “The fundamental snallest charge tound in nate 8 Genoted €. Ns valUe Wy 1.002 19 x 10-""C. All oder charges are integer multiples of e. The electron has a charge, while the proton charge is +e In SI units, the Coulomb constant k has the following value for charges in vacuum: = 8.988 x 10" m'/C?= 9% 10 N= m'/C* Often k is replaced by 1/(4xe,), where €)=8.85 10°" C"/N mt scala the permittuny of free space, terms of it, Coulomb’ law becomes, for vacuum, 1 ag’ Ber is given by Haat kava Poe Tn veetor form, Fs, the force on charge q> due to charge 4. where «isthe vector deplacement from gy to 9: and P= e/r is the the direction of. ‘What effect does an isotropic homogeneous medium have on Coulomb's law for charges embedded init? I When the surrounding medium is not a vacuum, forces caused by induced charges in the material reduce the foree between point charges. Ifthe material hac a dieleciric constant K, then gin Conlomb’s law must he replaced by Ke, = €, where € is called the permicviry of the material. Then axe = 15 for air, K'= 1.0006, sn is thus often taken to be 1 with € = Key, For vacuum, ‘What is meant by the electric field (sometimes called elecric intensity) at @ point in space? I The electric field E at @ point isthe vector force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed ar that ‘point, The units of E are N/C or (see Chap. 26) V/m. “To find the electri field due to a point charge g, we make use of Coulomb's law. Ifa point charge q' is placed at a distance r from the charge q, it will experience a force 1 Flig. ae ane? F ‘This isthe electric field ata distance r from a point charge 4. ‘How many electrons are contained in ~1 of charge? What isthe total mass of these electrons? FF From Prob. 25.11 are n= 1.0/(1.6% 10" electron has charge —¢, where # = 1.6 X 10-""C. Therefore in ~1.0C of charge, there 2210" electrons. The mass of this many electrons, M, is just M =m, = 6x10" kg.388 0 CHAPTER 25 235 36 28 259 25.10 25.1 If two equal charges, each of 1 C, were separated in air by a distance of Lkm, what would be the force between them? HF = (kquga)ir’, where k= 9.0% 10°N-m'/C%, g,= 4.=1C, and r= km, Then F=[(9.0% 10700) 1000" =3.0KN (about 2000 ib). Note that even ata distance of 1 km, the repulsive force is substantial. This» indicative of the fact thatthe coulomb isa very large unit of charge Determine the force between two free electrons spaced 1A (01m) apart (atypical atomic dimension) 1 Fis sepubive aml F = (hay? with gu qs= ~1.6 x 10-"C, and r= 10 m. Then F = [19.0% 1091.6 x 10-"/(.0 % 10°97 = 2.3 x 10-"N=23 oN. ‘A copper sphere of mass 2.0g contains about 2X 10* atoms. The charge on the nucleus of each atom is 2 ‘What fraction of the electrons must be removed from the sphere to give it a charge of 4+2uC? The total number of electrons is 29(2 x 10") =5.8 x 10%. Electrons removed = (2x 10°°C)/ (1.6 10-" Cjelectron) = 1.25 x 10", so the ratio is 2.16% 10", ‘What is the force of repulsion between two argon nuclei when separated by I1nm (10°° m)? The charge on gon nucleus ia #100 BF =(eq?)/r* with g = 18 x1.6 x 10-" C, and r= 1.0% 10-7 m (=10). Then F= [09 107) 28.8 x 10-710 10") =75 aN. ‘The uranium nucleus containg a charge 92 times that ofthe proton. Ifa proton is shot at the nucleus, how large a repulsive force does the proton experience due to the nucleus when itis 1x 10-""m from the nucle. center? The nuclei of atoms are of order 10°'*m in diameter, so the nucleus can be considered a point charge. BF = (0 x10°¥92%1.6% 10-")(1.6% 10-)Y/C. WALCO N ‘Two equally charged pith balls are 3.cm apart in air and repel each other with a force of 4x 10-* N. Compr) the charge on each bal BF = (4q°)/r, with F=4x10-°N and 7 =0.03 m. Then 4X 10° = [(9 x 10)¢2)/0.0 g?= 410" C%, and finally q = £2 nC, 0x10" 4°, or ‘Two point charges Q, and Q; ate 3m apart, and their combined charge is 20 uC. (@) If one repels the oth with a force of 0.075, what are the two charges? (6) If one attracts the other with a force of 0.525 N, wh are the magnitudes of the charges? FQ, +0, = 20uC. Since force is repulsive, 0.075 = (9 x 10°)[(Q,0.)/3"], which yields Q,Q,: 75x10" C= 75 uC*, Substituting for Q;, 0,(20~ Q,)= 75 or Q?~ 200, +75 =0, 50 the Q's are S.and 15 uC. (b) Force is attractive, so one charge is negative. The force equation is ~0.525 (9x 10(0,02),/9], or 0,0, = ~525 uC’; again substitute Q, = 20 0,, giving Q?~ 200, ~ $25 = from which the Q's are 35 and —15 uC or 35 and 15 uC. A test charge Q = +2 uC is placed halfway between a charge Q, = +6yC and a charge Q,= +4 uC, which are 10cm apart. Find the force on the test charge and its direction, # Use Coulomb's law to find F, and F, and take the vector sum. 9 197 XIE 10°) = (9x 19) SA OCH) (4x 10°9@x 10 00st F=R-R=144N away from Q, ‘Taree +20-uC charges are placed along a straight lin, successive charges being 2m apart as shown in Fis 25-1. Calculate the force on the aneige om the sight end, 2N away from Q; R= 0x10) 288N toward Q: BeCompre COULOMB'S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELDS 7 380 9, a, o 1 FaR+h 7 10,01 O*1GOIOY gyn F=0.225+0.9=1,125N to the right 25.14 ‘Taree point charges are placed at the following points on the x axis: +2 uC at x =0, ~3uC at x = 40cm, Suc at x= 120em. Find the force on the ~3C charge. 1 Figure 252s «diagram of the setup with 9,2 HC, qs = -3 HC, and qy= ~5 4C. The force on qi the ‘ecto sum of two contributions, the attractive force due to q, (toward q), and the repulsive force du to gs {abo toward q_). The sum of thse two forces, taken algebraically, since they are elong the sume line, i panera rtloal ,~kaal i ay eF o-pero[ 2IEOGHIO 6x10 OBx10"°O) ]=s058 oe si8_out 40m Cam al @esiigian oe Fig. 25:2 In Prob, 25.14, what is the force on the ~S.uC change? Toe force on gs isan attractive force to the left de to gy and a repulsive force to the right due t0 4 nena e| ty lool renchoilamey* aes] none rf AXIOMS C10, 10-15 x10" Gxt ene) 0, or to the right ae oF 15N 015N_t0 Four equal point changes, +3 uC, are placed at the four comers of a square that is 40cm on a side. Find the force on any one of the charges. Mig. 253 1 Tre situation is depicted in Fig 253. We consider the torees acting on gy, depicted in the dagram ty RB, Fe where the labels ideniy the respective charges exerting the force. By symmetry = B= [(9 1053 * 10°") 10.40%, or F,= F,=0.51N. Since the directions of these forces are slong the edges, 28 Shown, their vector Sum wil Hie along the diagonal from q, to qy and have magnitude-F; cos 5" + F cos 45°= [2(0S1)V/V2= 0.72 N. The remaining force Fis also along this diagonal, and F, = [(9 x 10°¥3 10~*)'|/ (0140 x V3) = 025N. The resultant of al thee foees thus points long the diagonal and sway in the square, and has magnitude 0.97.390 0 CHAPTER 25 25.7 25.18 25.9 25.20 Four equal-magnitude point charges (34C) ae placed at the corners of x square that is 40cm on aside, Ts iagonally apposite each other, ae postive andthe other two sre negative. Find the force on either nezat charge. The new situation (Fig, 25-4) is identical to that of Prob, 25.16, except that now q,=g4= —3 uC. Ags ‘we calculate the resultant fore on g,. E and F have the sume magnitudes asin Pro. 25-16, but the directions are opposite, as shown, The vector sum of F and Fis now 0.72N pointed inward along the iggoal. Fis again repulsive and as before i 0.25. The rsutant ofall thee forces is now O72N~0.25N=047N pointed inward along the diagonal (oward 40). Fig. 255 ‘Charges of +2, +3, and ~8 uC are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 10 em. Caleulate the magnitude of the force acting on the —Ry1C charge due ta the other two charges. |The situation is as shown in Fig. 25, with 9; = 2uC, q2=34C, and q)=-8 uC. For definiteness we let the side from q, to q, be our x axis. The net force on q, isthe vector sum of F, and F,, the forces due to q and qs: As shown these are attractive forces. In magnitude, F, = (9 10)2 x 10"*C)(8 x 10° C)/(0.10m), ‘or R= 14.4N. Similarly THAN ~21.6N 605 0 [email protected])°+ (18.7) = 31.4 [9 x 10°\3 x 10-*)8x 10-)/0.10 = 21.6N. Let B= Fy + Fy then HB2N, R= Ay + hy 0+ LON SNOT = IKIN. P= VE+ Fle Refer to Fig. 25.6, Find the force on the 4-yC charge due to the other two charges. We label the forces by the magnitude of the charge exerting the force. Note that in Fig, 25-6 the hypotenuse = 5/(sin 30°) = 10cm and the base is 8.66 cm, Then F, = (—(9% 10°93 4x 10 *)/0.087}] ($14.3) and F,= (9x 10°)[(2% 4 x 10°)/0.10"] = 7.2 at ~30°, P= By + Fy= (14.3 + 7.2c08 304 — (7.2sin30)j = -8.11-3.4N, or . (00-0 TC Fig. 25.6 hr a ‘One charge (+5 uC) is placed at x =0, and a second charge (+7 uC) at x= 100.em. Where can a third be placed and experience zero net force due to the other two? We assume thatthe appropriate location for out test charge is at postion x as shown in Fig. 25-7 It the test charge q is negative, q, and g, will attract qin opposite directions; if its positive, q, and g, will repel ¢ tn opposite directions. In either case the condition for gto experience no net fore i that f=, ot (qas)ls* = (kqq3)/(.0~ 2), where we convert distance to meters. Dividing out k and q, we have ‘ila = qu/(1.0~ x). (Note that our result, as might be expected, does not depend on q.) Substituting in numbers and cross-multipiyng, we get S(L~2)' = 7x, ox 2x*+ 10x ~$~=0. Solving, == (10:4 V100 + 40)/4 = (0.46m, ~5.46 m). Since x for our case must ie between the two charges, our answer is bem, (Atx= 546m the two torces are equal in magnitude and direction.)25.21 COULOMB'S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELDS 9 391 Discuss the nature of the equilibrium of Prob. 25.20 11 qs positive, a small displacement from x = 46 cm along the x axis results in a net force on q tending to return itt the equilibrium position. But a small displacement parallel to the y axis sets up a force that accelerates q away from the equilibrium postion. If q is negative, the opposite is true: now iti the x displacement that fails to provide a restoring force. In either case, then, the equilibrium is unstable. (This ilustrates @ general theorem to the effect that stable equilibrium is impossible in an electrostatic fel.) ‘Two identical tiny metal balls carry changes of +3nC and ~12nC. They are 3em apart. (a) Compute the force of attraction. (b) The balls are now touched together and then separated to 3cm. Describe the forces on them now. FG At first the force between them is atractive with magnitude F = [(9 x 10°)(3 x 1012 x 10") /0.03 3.6 10-MN. (0) Sinco the two balls are metalic and identical, when they are touched the charges rearrange ‘themselves to a new equilibrium distribution which must have a like charge on each ball. Since the total available charge is ~9 nC, each ball has ~4.5 nC of charge. When they are moved 3.cm apart, the new force is repulsive and has magnitude F = [(9 x 10°)(4.5 x 10-)( 4.5 x 10°)|/0.03" =2.0 x 10*N, “Tue (wo Valls sows it Fig. 29-6 have idewtcal masses uf 0204 cout, When suspeunted (rom O-ring, strings, they make an angle of 37° to the vertical. Ifthe charges on each are the same, how large is each charge? Fig. 258 I Since the system is at rest, we can apply the conditions for equilibrium tothe ball onthe left. Note that thre forces act onthe ball: its weight mg: the tension Tin the string; and F, the repulsive foree due t the charge on the other ball. We have the wsual conditions for equilibrium: IF, =0, from which F ~0.67 find © EO, which gives OAT ~ (0.2 10"? ‘obtain F = 1.47% 10" N. This isthe force obeying Coulomb's lw. ‘Substituting in Coulomb's law, we have 1.47 10 ‘where all units are SI units. Solving for q, we find that q ~2.4 x 10°" In the Bohr model, taking the radius of the hydrogen atom as r = 5.29 10°" m, find the strength of the force on the electron, its centripetal acceleration, and its orbital speed, From Coulomb's law, 0.9010 OF (529 10" m) 1 Jalal =(8.99 x 10'N- m'/C2) F_ 823«10N in 9.11% 10g “The ombital speed is given from the expression a = "/r for centripetal aceleration; thus, its y= ar)! = (0.03 10% m/s? x 5.29 10 m= 219 «10 m/s * Since this speed is less than 1 percent of the speed of light, the nonrelativistic form of Newton's second law, a= Fim, was appropriate. 03 10 mst392 0 CHAPTER 25 2.25 Two positive point charges a distance b apart have sum Q. For what values of the charges is the Coulomb foree between them a maximum? Hatt the two charges gy and qu then F gigs But 0 (q,~43)"= 43 +42~2asas. Add dos to both sides to obtain 4q.q2=(q; + 42)", OF 442 (Q/2)". This shows that the force is greatest when q, = 3 = (2/2 28.2, THE ELECTRIC FIELD, CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS, MOTION OF ae CHARGED PARTICLES IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD, 4 25.26 A charge, +6 UC, experiences a force of 2mN in the +x direction at a certain point in space. (a) What was | the electri field there before the charge was placed there? (b) Describe the force a ~2-yC charge would experience if it were used in place of the +6 uC. FF We, of course, assume that the charges giving rise to the electric field are stationary and not affected by the charge brought into the field. (@) Since F'—gE,, we must have Ein the +x direction with magoituse 2x 10" N)/(6 x 10-*C) = 333 N/C. (b) F’ = q'E and since q’ is negative, Fis along the In magnitude, F' = (2x 10-* C333 N/C) =0.67 aN. 25.27 Find the electric field at a distance of 0.1 m from a charge of 2nC. In magnitude, (@x10y2x 10") Oy 200 NIC 25.28 A point charge, —30C, fs placed at the origin of coordinates. Find the electric eld at the point x=5mis the x axis. e B= (kgt)/¢ for point charge. Let q = —3 x 10-"C placed atthe origin. Ata point x =5m along ther axis, = &. Then B= (9.0% 10°N - m)/C°I(~3 x 10° C)/(Sm)]} = 1O.8KN/CK=3). 25.29 A 5.0-uC point charge is placed at the point x= 20cm, y = 30cm. Find the magnitude of E due to it (a) i: os. the origin and (6) atx = 1.0m, y= 1.0m, ” Fig. 25.9 a Ha) See Fig. 25.9(a). r,= 0.36 and 8, = tan"! 1.5 = $6.3, so B= [(9x 107Y(S x 10-)Y/r2 at (1804563) 01 0.346 MN/C at 236° (6) See Fig, 25-9(6). For 7~1.06m and 8, = tan"*(0.70/0.80), find E = q NICS 25.30 point charge, ~3 uC, is placed at the point (0,2) m, while a charge +2uC is placed at (2,0)m. (a) Find 3538 the eect ed at he origin. (0) What would e the magnitude ofthe force experienced bya proton ate > omen? a F(a) By due to the ~3 uC = {[(9> 1013 « 1 ([-(9 10) % 10-)1/4}1 = ~4.5UKN/C. Hence (1,6 10-)(8.1 % 10") = 1.30 x 10" N at 124° "/A}§ ~ 6.75) KN/C and B; due to the 2 4C— a 4.51 6.15) = 8LKN/C at O= 128". (b) F =e = : 25.31 Find the electric field at point P in Fig. 25-10(a) due to the charges shown, i tne neids due to these point charges obey the superposition principle. The fields due to each charge are82 3533 3M 2538 COULOMB'S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELDS 0 393 Fig. 25.10 shown in the figure. Using E = (kg)/?" for each charge we get Ey=TLKN/C By=288KN/C E432 KN/C We tererore nna at F tat E=461 EN/C at = 141", 360 KN/C and Z ~ 280 N/E (see Fig. 25-10(6)). From thie, Four equal-magnitude (4-nC) charges are placed at the four corners of a square that is 20cm on each side (Fig. 25-11). Find the electric-ield intensity atthe center of the square, if the charges are all positive B Bae, +B, +B, + Es, where B= (kga)iri, 121, 2, 3, 4 (6 = 10V2em, i= 1, 2, 3, 4.) With q= a= 4s=4.= 4 HC, we have, at the center, Ey =~E,, E;=—E,. Therefore Rework Prob. 25.32 ifthe charges alternate in sign around the perimeter ofthe square fo HEj f=, 0 Ese. AKC: f= qs 4 UC. Again, at the et, By Rework Prob, 23,32 for the sign sequence plus, plus, minus, minus, q.= ~44C. Now E;= E since both have the same magnitude and point in the siya =F. pointing along, For the magnitudes, E, = (qi, we have 5 [2 10")(4 10-)]/(0.10 x V3)" = LAD MN/C. Then E = (3.60 MN/C)E, + GGOMN/C,, From the diagram its clear that E points downward from the postive ro negative side with magnitude (3.60) c0s 45° + (3.60) 0s 45° = S.1 MN/C. suc auc vem ig. 25-1 Fig. 25.12 ‘Three charges are placed at three comers of a squate as shown in Fig. 25-12, Find the electric-eld strength at point A (magnitude and direction) Draw a vector diagram showing the fields produced at A by each of the three charges. Then find the vector sum E, kQ_ (x WV4x 10% P (0.207 (9x 10)(-4 10) : “ = PIONS 10) gas Mn REE =| ‘away from the negative charge. E Ox O45MN/C E,=£* +E =0.82 MN/C away from the negative char E QMNIC Et = VORIOT + OX OY = VIGIXIO™ = 1.27 MNIC394 0 CHAPTER 25 25.36 Two charges of +1 uC and —1 1C are placed at the corners of the base of an equilateral triangle. The I: ‘of aside of the triangle is 0.7m, Find the electrc-fild intensity atthe apex of the triangle Use the equation for electricield intensity after drawing a vector diagram (Fig. 25.13). In magnitude: x10 ny E,= Ecos" + Ecos" E, = E,sin@— E, sin 60" E. = (18.4)(0.5) + (18.4)(0.5) = IRARN/C 10 the eight HIRAKNIC sie =Te ig. 2513 Fig 25:4 2837 (a) Thee pont charges are fied rigidly atthe vertices of an isosceles triangle, s shown in Fi. 25-14, Find the electric field & atthe midpoint P ofthe base ofthe tangle. () A point charge = ~400 uC moved to P. What electric force F ats on ths charge? 1 (2) in vector form where, from Fig. 25-14, x, = (0.200 m)g, t= (0.200 m)(—&), and r, : cof #.0010-*C Ba (G99. 10 Nom ic[ EE as cal (99 1071058 ~ 33.39) wN/C=0.74MNIC at Oe = =23.9" » F(a) B= (4.00%10 *C(0.14 x 10°N/C)=296N ‘The direction of F is opposite to the direction of , since q has a negative value. 25.38 An elect dipole consists of two equal charges 4 of opposite sign separated by a small distance as shown in Fig. 25-15. (a) Show thatthe electric field at Ps [(1/4ne,)(ga/r3)} it 7, >a. (b) Show thatthe field at Ms ~[A/2eNgalrA) Wit 14 >a 254 Fig. 25-15 # (@) At P, vertical components cancel; only an x component exists; E, = {(2g)/(4xe,r°}] sin. Substituting for sin and rE, = 2a(a/2)/(Szealr; + (a/2)'P*). I r,>>4/2, then a/2 can be neglected in the denominator and we have the desired result. (6) At point M the —g charge fs closer, which causes Ey to be in the — Aicceton. Lay = [ye] 3/ m= 612) = Um a/2) = (QUCSREOFEIUCL ~ a/ 200 YC + a/2r0) 254| COULOMB'S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELDS 2 395 For, >a/2, (I~ a/2n) t= 1 +a/ra and (144/214) ?= ‘equation give the answer. ~ ar. These inserted into the Eu 25.9% Find the electric field atthe center of a uniformly charged semicircular arc, i.., at point P in Fig. 25-16. Fig. 25-16 I We assume the charge per unit length of arc to be a and the radius of the arc to be a. Splitting the are into small segments As,, we have that the essentially point charge on each is A As,. The electric field due to the As, shown is, from Coulomb's law, Each little portion ofthe arc will give a AE, in a diferent direction, We must therefore take components in ‘order to find the total field at point P. ‘Before doing that, though, we note that E, will be zero at point P. This is the result ofthe fact that the {AE,, shown in Fig. 25-16 will be canceled by the contribution from a symmetrically placed As on the left half of the are. As a result, we need only compute E, at point P in order to find the total E. We have AE, =A A c08 8 Fre “The negative sign arises because AE,, shown in Fig, 25-16 is in the ~y direction If we now sum over the whole are and replace the sum by an integral in the uswal way, we find thet cos Jone "The integrand involves two variables, @ and s. We can express sin terms of @ by recalling that an angle d@ subtends an arc length ds =a d@ along a citee of radius a. Therefore, wl rads 208 8 d8 = ss Frecn Lan! Tet & 180" Repeat Prob. 25.39 ifthe charge distribution A along the arc is nonuniform and is given by A= asin 6, with @ measured as shown in Fig, 25.16 I Now F, =0 at P, since the charge distribution is antisymmetric about the y 8x ‘component, we have For the incremental x a ~ AB a= geengsbssin 8 and 30 aes i_[@_sin20"* __ te ica 8 08a LS Lies S841 A long thin rod is bent into a ciel of radius 6. Iti uniformly charged along its length, Find the electric feld atthe center of the circle # 2er0, by symmetry.396 0 CHAPTER 25, 25.42" A rod lies along the « axis with one end at the origin and the other at x, It carties a uniform charge ‘A.Cim. Starting from Coulomb's law, find the electric field atthe point x = —2 on the x axis, I Because of the location of feld point, E= E(—i) with ae Pagal aria latal, "ares 25.43" For the situation given in Prob. 25.42, find E, and E, for the point on the y axis where y = b. I From Fig. 5-17, dE =2.dx/(4xear?) and dE, = dE cos 0 and dE, = dE sin 0. Also note x =btan 6, s0 dx =b sec 00; r= /cos 8 =b sec 0... dE, then becomes dE, = (Ab sec’ 0 d0/(4zxeqb*sec*8)} cos 8. Then E, = [Ai(4nesb)]f% cos @d0 = A/(Ameyb) directed upward. Similarly E, = [W/(Sreb)f&" sin 6d = Al(axecb) to the let. Tete rod were infinite in hath directions, the answers would ohvioutly hecome F,=0, F, =2/(?aeh) ae . A « Fig. 25.17 Fig. 25:18 25.44° A rod of length L carries a uniform charge 2 per unit length. Find the electric field at a distance b from the rod on its perpendicular bisector. Show that in the limit of 6/1. <1 this expression reduces to the value one ‘obtains from a very long rod. Asis clear from Fig 25-18, E, because of symmetry. To find E,, dE, = [1/(4€q)|A.cos @ de /(x" +h Be [Ab /(Axe,)] de/(x? + bY. Integrate from ~L/20, sin Q5-»1 and E,—» A/(2e,b), in agrecines' ‘with the final result of Prob, 25.43. 5, sapsin zl eoew 2 25.45 Determine the acceleration of a proton (q = +e, m= 1.67% 10-* kg) in an electric field of intensity SOON/C How many times is this acceleration greater than that due to gravity? BF = 9B = (16 x10" CSOON/C) = 8.0% 10°" N. a= Flim = (8.0% 10-" N)/(1.67 10°" kg) = 4.8 10" m/s a/g = (4.8 x 10")/9.8= 4.9 x 1, 25.46 A tiny 0.60+g ball caries a charge of magnitude 8 uC. Iti suspended by a thread in a downward electric fi! ‘of intensity 300 N/C, What isthe tension in the thread ifthe charge on the ball is (a) postive, (B) negative? The ball i presumably in equilibrium under the action of three forces: the tension in the thread, 7: the pull of gravity on the ball, w= : ‘charge, g, on the ball i positiy 25-19, and upward if q is negative. (a) F = gE (8x 10-* C\300N/C) =2.4 x 10-°N downward. Then 7 - 0, of T=5.9X10°N+24x 106 8.3 107N. (6) Fe (8 10°C) (200 N/C) = 2.4 x 10°*N in magnitude, but points upward. Then T+E-w=0, or T= w= R= 59X10 N-24 x 107N, T=3.SK10N, 25.87 The tiny ball at the end of the thread shown in Fig. 25-20 has @ mass of 0.60 g and is in @ horizontal electric