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PLL 3

This document provides information about frequency modulation (FM) and demodulation using a phase-locked loop (PLL). It describes how to determine the FM constant Kf by plotting the VCO's output frequency versus input voltage. It also provides two methods to calculate the modulation index β using either the peak modulating tone amplitude or the maximum and minimum frequencies. The circuit shown can be used for FM demodulation using a PLL, with a VCO, phase detector, and low-pass filter.

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Umair Rauf
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58 views

PLL 3

This document provides information about frequency modulation (FM) and demodulation using a phase-locked loop (PLL). It describes how to determine the FM constant Kf by plotting the VCO's output frequency versus input voltage. It also provides two methods to calculate the modulation index β using either the peak modulating tone amplitude or the maximum and minimum frequencies. The circuit shown can be used for FM demodulation using a PLL, with a VCO, phase detector, and low-pass filter.

Uploaded by

Umair Rauf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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30

CHAPTER 7. FM MODULTION AND DEMODULATION USING PLL

Data Analysis
The FM constant, Kf , can be determined by plotting the VCOs output frequency v/s the
VCOs input voltage. This should give (approximately) a straight line, its slope is Kf in hertper-volt. You will want to conver it to radians/second-per-volt in order to write the expression
for the FM signal you generate. To find , use
= [peakmodulatingtoneamplitude/modulatingtonef requency(inHz)]kf .
An alternative method is given by
=

fmax fmin
fm

Use the following circuit for FM demodulation. It is not necessary to use the buffer and

Use the following circuit for FM demodulation. It is not necessary to use the buffer and output low pass filter.
. output low pass filter.
+10v

0.1uF
16

digital link

16

14

10k

3
CD4046

10k

10uF
Vin

V1

11
10k

C=1000pF

CD4046

4
5
8

VCO

Cx=100pF
Rx=8k

5k

VCO

5
8
11

Cx=100pF
Rx=8k

Figure 4. A frequency modulation and demodulation circuit.

Figure 7.4:

100pF

Vout

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