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Chapter 02

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Chapter 02

algebra 2 book

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bo jon
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What You'll Learn. in Chapter 2 ¢ How to use equations to solve problems * How to solve inequalities, compound inequalities, and absolute value equations ¢ How to prove some statements and their converses CHAPTER > ; cS Skills & Concepts You Need for Chapter 2 1-1 Write the correct symbol =, <, or >. 1. -8.090 -8.11 2 0010-5 3 -30$ 11 Add 4, 38 + (-38) 5. 48 +12 HL Subtract. 7. 8 (-5) 8, -182-47 12, Multiply. 10. 3+ (-8) a. -47+10 14 Factor. 13, 3-18 14, Sx — 10y +15 15, dx — 8 + 6y 16. 12ab + 4ac ~ 16ad 1-4 Multiply. 17. 5(y~ 4) 18. a(2 ~ b) 19, ox + y= 2) 20, -3(x - y +1) 1-4 Collect like terms. 21, x + 3x - Sx 22, 2y +34 5y—1 —— Rs Rae. Equations and Inequalities ying is one of many sports that require specialized equipment. Some bals have the holes, led tof the bowie’ hand precisely, thus adding to the cost ofthe bal. In Lesson 2-2 you il find the original cost of a discounted bowing bal What You'll Learn | Y tos0¥ve equations containing fractions or decimals Y To solve equations containing parentheses To use the principle of zero products «++ And Why To solve more difficult equations | More on Solving Equations ‘When an equation contains fractions or decimals, we can use the multiplication property to eliminate them. The process is called elearing the equation of fractions or decimals. TEESE sove. i ‘We multiply both sides of the equation by the least common denominator, in this case 4. hed age +9) = 4} mutupying bya Check: 4+} 44-4=4-3 using the distributive property 3x4+2=6 Simplifying ar=4 xaf The solution's. BEIM sore. 12d = 36tr = 148 ‘We multiply both sides of the equation by a power of ten. 100(124 ~ 3.64x) = 100-148 Multiplying by 100 1240 — 364x = 148, Bax = 148 + (-1240) 364x = 1092 x=3 Since 12.4 3.64(3) = 1.48, the solution is 3. Try This soWve a-fy=4 b. 63x — 9. 62° Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities Objective: Solve equations containing parentheses. ‘When an equation contains parentheses, we first use the distributive property to remove them. Then we proceed as before, TEED soive. 3(7 = 2x) = 14 ~ 8x 1) 21 Gr =14~ 8x +8 Using the distributive property 21 ~ 6x = 22 ~ & 22+ (-21) Using the addition principle Collecting like terms and simplifying The number checks, so the solution is}. Guidelines for Solving Equations 1. Use the distributive property to remove parentheses, if necessary. 2. Clear fractions or decimals, if necessary. 3. Collect like terms on both sides of the equation. 4. Use the addition and multiplication properties to solve for the variable. Try This sowve. e.3(y - 1) -1=2-5(y +5) Writing Math ‘Objective: Use the principle of zero products to solve equations. | pat ee eamnn aad When we multiply two numbers, the product will be zero if one of the factors | 2bbreviated “iff. is zero. Furthermore, if a product is zero, then at least one of the factors must be zero. A statement that A and B must be both true or both false can be abbreviated as if and only if B. This is equivalent to if A then B, and if B then A, Theorem 2-1 ] ‘The Principle of Zero Products For any real numbers a and b, ab if and only if@ = Oorb = 0, 21 Moreon Solving Equations 63 ey Extra Help Sie” On the Web Look for worked-out examples at the Prentice Hall Web site. ‘www.phschool.com STEREE | soive. (e+ 4)(e-2) =0 X4+4=0 or x-2=0 Using the principle of zero products x=-4 or — x=2 Solving each equation separately Check: Cae a(-4=2) 0+ (-6) 0 ov ‘There are two solutions, ~4 and 2. We can show the solutions as a set by listing them inside braces. The solution set is {~4,2}.. | EXAMPLES Bn Tx(4x + 2) Tx=0 or 4x+2=0 Using the principle of zero products Oo 4r=-2 x=0 oF x =~] Solving each equation separately ‘The solutions are 0 and —}. The solution set is {0, ~J}. | EXAMPLE 6 BESTS (“2+ 95x41) =0 224520 or Srti=0 Sor Sx=-1 8 ‘The solution setis {5-2}. Try This soe. d. (x — 19)(x +5) =0 e x(3x-17)=0 f. (9x + 2)(-6x +3)=0 Pa 2-1 Exercises ' A Solve. uitpe} abede 3. -fr+}=-s 4.09y-07=42 5. 08 -031=65 6 14x + 5.02 = 04x 7. 2x + 6) = 8x 8. 3(y +5) = By 9. 80 = 10(31 + 2) 10, 27= 9(S5y-2) UL, 180(n~ 2) = 900 12, 210(x ~ 3) = 840 64 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities 13, Sy ~ (2y'- 10) = 25 14, 8x ~ (3x = 5) = 40 1S. 0.73x +6) = 11 -(x+2) 16, 0.9(2x + 8) = 20- (x + 5) 17, (iby + 8) - 17 = f(y - 16) 18. Lc12e + 48) - 20 = -L(24r - 144) 19. a+ (a3) = (a +2) ~ (a 1) 20, 08 - 4(6 - 1) = 0.2 + 3(4 - b) 2, (x + 2(x-5)=0 22. (x + 4)(x = 8) 23. (y- 8)(y- 9) =0 24 (¢-3)(@-7)=0 28. (2x - 3)(3x-2)=0 26. p(p - 5) =0 27, m(m-8)=0 2% (By 4)(4y- 1) =0 . B Solve, 29, x(x - I(x +2) =0 30, y(y - 4)(y + 2) = 0 31. Ha 3)(7a + 4) =0 32, u(¥- 3) = 2-24 33, 0S(x = 2) = 2x ~ 5) = O4(x ~ 5) - 5(x - 2) Solve for x. MB +3=0 38. l6x-4=f 36. cx + 3h= Sa 37. 7x-3=axr+5b 38. ax ~ bx = 12 39, Sx + ax=19 40. Contrast solving 08y ~ 1.2 = ~1.6y by first clearing decimals with solving without first clearing decimals. Which would you do using a calculator? Why? 41. Critical Thinking Write an equation that has both 7 and —8 as solutions. Challenge Solve, : a2oxex= @pezexz * 4 xe = 43, (8 ~ 1) = atx +1) 46, What is the solution set for each equation? a x(x 1(e-2(e-3)r =O : Be (X= DK = 2X3) =O (e+ (e+ 2K +3) 4. x(x = (x= A(x Hee =O e, x(x — 10)(x — 20)(x — 30)++» =0 fever (x + 3)(x + 2)(x + Dale — D(x - (x - 3) =O : Mixed Review Simplify. 47, 4648+ 2° 48, (yy? 49. Pex? 50. Be? 1718 Convert to scientific notation. St. 390,040 52. 0.000421 53. 24.072 1.9 Convert to standard notation, $4, 403 X 10 $5, -822 x 10° 1.9 21 Moreon Solving Equations 65 What You'll Learn PY Jo translate problems to equations ‘And Why To solve problems algebraically Using Equations Objective: Solve problems by translating to equations. PROBLEM-SOLVING GUIDELINES UNDERSTAND the problem Develop and carry out a PLAN lt Find the ANSWER and CHECK ‘Many problems can be solved by translating them into mathematical language. Often this means translating a problem into an equation, When appropriate, drawing a diagram usually helps us to understand the problem. PENNS «4 28-11 rope is cut into two pieces. One piece is 3 ft longer than the other. How long are the pieces? | UNDERSTAND the problem Question: What are the lengths of the ‘two pieces of rope? Clarifying the question Data: The total length of the rope is 28 ft, Identifying the data One piece of rope is 3 ft longer than the other piece. ‘A diagram can help translate the problem to an equation, awe ———— Drawing a diagram ‘One piece 23 felonger piece 1 Develop and carry out a PLAN Here is one way to translate. Length of one piece plus length of other is 28. Translating to an equation x + (+3) 2x +3 2x = 28 Using x for the length of one ag Piece and x + 3 forthe other 25 x = 38,0112} solving the equation it Find the ANSWER and CHECK ‘One piece is 125 ft long, and the other piece is 3 ft longer, or 15} ft long. ‘The sum of the lengths is 28 ft. 66 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities The answer checks in the problem. Try This A 23-ft cable is cut into two pieces, one three times as long as the other. How long are the pieces? FEEEXNTIISED Five plus twice a number is seven times the number ‘What is the number? Plus twice a number is seyen times the number. Translating s+ 2x =7 : x We have used x to represent the unknown number, S+2x S=Tx- 2x 5 . ‘Twice 1 is 2. If we add 5, we get 7. Seven times 1 is also7. Checking ‘This checks, so the answer to the problem is 1. Try This b. If seven times a certain number is subtracted from 6, the result is five times the number. What is the number? ¢. Chris bought a bascball card in 1975, By 1985, the value of the card had tripled. Since 1985, the value has increased by another $30. The card is now worth 5 times its original value. How much was the card worth when Chris bought it? CSEAMIAESEN The price of a mobile home was cut 11% to a new price of $48,950. What was the original price? Original price minus 119% of original price is new price. x = 1% + x = 48,950 Translating We have used x to represent the original price. X= O11 + x = 48,950 Replacing 11% by 0.11 The first factory-buit mobile home was made in 1926, By 1943, the average traler was 8 ft wide by 22 ftlong, Now some double-wide modular homes are 24 ft wide by 50 ft long. How ‘many times as great as the ‘area of the average 1943 trailers the area of a current double-wide ‘modular home? Lx = 0.1L = 48,950 (1 = 0.11)x = 48,950 0.89x = 48,950 55,000 Factoring ‘The solution of the equation is 55,000. Check: 11% of 55,000 is 6050. Subtracting from 55,000 we get 48,950. The number checks, so the original price was $55,000. pbbePeRtaE Journal {Find a newspaper ad that gives — [a sale price and the percent off. — [Show how to find the original [rig 22 Using Equations 67 Try This 4. A clothing store drops the price of a suit 25% to a sale price of $93. What was the original price of the . An investment is made at 12% simple interest, It grows to $812 at the end of 1 year. How much was invested originally? (Hint: Recall the expression P + Prt regarding the return on a principal of P dollars.) TEEZEZE the sum of two consecutive integers is 35.What are the integers? = 35 7 35 Translating, First integer + second integer ze + (+t) Since the integers are consecutive, we know that one of them is 1 greater than the other. We call one of them x and the other x + 1. x +(x +1) = 35 Solving the equation 2x +1 = 35 2x = 34 xel7 Since x is 17, then x + 1, the second integer, is 18. The answers are 17 and 18. ‘These are both integers and consecutive. Their sum is 35,50 the answers check in the problem. Guidelines for Writing Numbers in Algebraic Problems 1.If two numbers are consecutive, call one x and the other x + 1. 2. If two numbers are consecutive even numbers, call one 2x and the other 2x + 2. 3. If two numbers are consecutive odd numbers, call one 2x + 1 and the other 2x + 3. 4. If a number x is increased by 2%, the new number can be written 1 xt hyn Try This £. The sum of two consecutive odd integers is 36. What are the integers? g. Field goals in basketball count two points each. In one game, Harold had one less field goal than Gunther. Together they scored 46 points, on field goals. (1) How many points did each player score on field goals? (2) How many field goals did each player make? 68 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities ston, i - 9 Extra Help a 2-2 Exercises © On the Web Look for worked-out A sane rte ore Hall Web site. 1, A 12cm piece of tubing is cut into two pieces. One piece is 4 em longer www phschool.com than the other. How long are the pieces? A piece of rope 5 m long is cut into two pieces so that one piece is three fifths as long as the other. Find the length of each piece. 3. The product of 6 and nine timés a number is the same as the difference of ten times the number and 2.(What is the number? 4. Find three consecutive odd integers such that the sum of the first, two times the second, and three times the third is 82 A pro shop in a bowling alley drops the price of bowling balls 24% to a sale price of $134.20. What was the original price? 6. An appliance store drops the price of a certain type of TV 18% toa sale Price of $410. What was the original price? 7. Money is borrowed at 11% simple interest. After 1 year, $721.50 pays off ‘the loan. How much was borrowed originally? 8 Money is borrowed at 12% simple interest. After 1 year, 896 pays off the loan, How much was borrowed originally? For Exercises 9 and 10, remember that the sum of the measures of a triangle is 180°. 9. ‘The second angle of a triangle is three times the first and the third is 12° less than twice the first. Find the measures of the angles. 10, The second angle of a triangle is four times the first and the third is 5° more than twice the first. Find the measures of the angles. For Exercises 11 and 12, remember that the area of a rectangle is 1 X w (the product of the length and the width), and the perimeter is 20 + 2w. 11. The perimeter of a college basketball court is 96 m and the length is 14 m more than the width. What are the dimensions? 12, The perimeter of a certain soccer field is 310 m. The length is 65 m more than the width. What are the dimensions? 13, A 20% raise in salary gives a new salary of $18,000, What was the old salary? 14, A 7.5% raise brings a salary to $46,225. What was the salary before the raise? 15. EERE Error Analysis The sentence “Given two consecutive even integers, two times the first plus three times the second is 76.” is ambiguous. Which of the following equations could NOT represent the sentence? A. (2[2x + 3))(2x + 2) = 76 B. 2(2x) + 3(2x + 2) = 76 C. 2(22)(2x + 2) = 76 D.2(2x + 3[2x + 2]) = 76 16. Write a Convincing Argument Write an argument to convince a classmate of your answer to Exercise 15. 2, 2-2 Using Equations 69 17. The total cost for tuition plus room and board for one quarter at Southern State University is $6584. Tuition costs $704 more than room and board. ‘What is the quarterly tuition fee? 18. The cost of a private pilot course is $4250. The flight portion costs $1500 more than the ground school portion. What is the cost of each? 19, A student's scores on five tests are 93%, 89%, 72%, 80%, and 96%. What ‘must the student score on the sixth test so that the average will be 88%? 20, The yearly changes in the population of a city for three consecutive years are, respectively, 20% increase, 30% increase, and 20% decrease. What is the total percent change from the beginning to the end of the third year? 21, Three numbers are such that the second is the difference of three times the first and 6 while the third is the sum of 2 and § the second, The sum of the three numbers is 172. Find the largest number. 22, An appliance store is having a sale on 13 VCR models. They are displayed left to right in order of increasing price. The price of each VCR differs by $60 from that of each adjacent VCR. For the price of the VCR at the extreme right, a customer can buy both the second and the sixth models. ‘What is the price of the least expensive VCR? 23, Multi-Step Problem A tank at a marine exhibit contains 2000 gallons of sea water. The sea water is 7.5% salt. How many gallons, to the nearest gallon, of fresh water must be added to the tank so that the mixture contains only 7% salt? 24, Is it sometimes, always, or never true that the sum of two consecutive odd integers is an odd integer? 25. The perimeter of a square is 12.om greater than that of another square. Its area exceeds the area of the other by 39 em, Find the perimeter of each square. 26. Critical Thinking Rewrite the problem of Example 1 so that in the solution the shorter piece of rope has a length of 163 feet, Challenge 27. Diophantus spent one sixth of his life as a child, one twelfth as a young man, and one seventh asa bachelor. Five years after he was married he had a son who died 4 years before his father at half his father’s final age. How long did Diophantus live? Mixed Review Collect like terms. 28. 22 + 3 + (2x) +4 29.44 xy + 2x! + 2yx? — xy? 30, a'b + 24° ~ 6ab? ~ 3a%b + 2ab? ~ ab 31, 3x ~ [2x ~3 - (-x~ 4)] Batt B+ - (a= B= C) 14 Factor, 33. 2x? + 2x 34, 30°b? — Sab? 35, 30x"y + Gry? ~ 12x¢y Multiply. 36. (82 x 10°)(2 x 10) 1-9 70 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities Solving Formulas Rasa What You'll Learn jective: if ‘To solve a formula for Objective: Solve a formula for a specified letter. parce vaisble A formula is a rule for doing a specific calculation, Formulas are often given ‘as equations. A formula for finding wattage is W = EJ where E represents . And Why voltage and I represents resistance. Suppose we know the wattage and voltage and want to find the resistance. We can solve the formula for a Co ea rmulas in various ways specific variable, following the same steps we use to solve an equation. TECMUSEM Solve the formula W = Ef for I. WEI We want the letter / alone. feW=h- Er Multiplying both sides by } Multiplying both sides by 3 Jasz0-6 ‘Adding 20 to both sides Try This solve. a, A= 4bh, forb b. P= Xe + 10), fore eH = 2r + 3m,form 4. Q = 3r + Sp,for p | EXAMPLE!3 BROoga A=P+Pn ‘An interest formula A= PU +r) Factoring Ar pha = PUL + 1) +7 Multiplying on both sides by tq page simplifying Try This solve. eT = 0+ Qiy,forQ fx =G-Grp,forG 23° Solving Formulas 71. f eS @& “) Extra Help > . z Ss On the Web 2-3 Exercises Look for worked-out examples at the Prentice = A Hall Web site. Solve, ‘www.phschool.com “1. A= ho, fort (an area formula) : 3. W = El, for I (an electricity formula) 3. F = ma, for m (a physics formula) 6. F = ma, fora 7. 1 = Prt, fort (an interest formula) & 1 = Pri,for P +9 E = mc for m (a relativity formula) ’ UL, P = 21 + 2w, for! (a perimeter formula) 13. = at + BF for a? (a geometry formula) 15. A = nr}, for 7 (an area formula) LAT. C = $(F ~ 32), for F (a temperature formula) 18. W = 4h ~ 40), for h 19. V = 42r°, for P (a volume formula) 20, V = $xr, fore = 21. A= dha + 4nb, for h (an area formula) 22, A= Sha + $hb,forb 23, F = M2, for m (a physics formula) B Solve, 28, 3 = ut + Jar fora 26, A= ars + Pfors 27. In Exercise 7, you solved the formula I = Prt for. Use it to find how long it will take a deposit of $75 to earn $3 when invested at 10% simple interest. 28, In Exercise 8, ou solved the formula J = Prt for P. Use it to find how much principal would be needed to earn $6 in two thirds of a year at 12% simple interest. 29, Critical Thinking In Exercises 13 and 19 you solved for a? and °, respectively. Tell how you could use a calculator to find a and r. Challenge Sra ae 30. A gas formula from physics is 4 = 4. solve it for V,. 31. Solve the gas formula of Exercise 30 for T,. Mixed Review . Simplify, 32, (x2)? 33. 6)? 34, mn)? 38. (87) 18 36, 04n+27=51 37. 945=3 38. Ym—3= 3 30, -brt d= 40, 4n ~ (3n + 6) = -1 41 (4x +5) = 0 15,20 72 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities ‘number is a solution of an inequality and graph the solution set. ‘The order of the real numbers is often pictured on a number line, 2-10 12345678 ‘Ifa number occurs to the left of another on the number line, the first number is fess than the second, and the second is greater than the first. We use ‘the symbol < to mean “is less than” and > to mean “is greater than.” ‘The symbol = means “is less than or equal to,” and the symbol = means is greater than or equal to.” Mathematical sentences containing <, > =, or = are called Inequalities. A solution of an inequality is any number that makes it true. The set of all solutions is called the solution set. When we have found all solutions of an inequality, we say we have solved the inequality. FEEWTEEA Determine whether the given number is a solution of the inequality. DM -+3<65 We substitute and get 5 + 3 <6, 0r8 < 6,2 false sentence, Thus, Sis not a solution, BAM 2x-3>-31 We substitute and get 2(1) ~ 3 > -3, or ~1 > -3,a true sentence. Thus 1 is a solution. EM ax-153r+2;3 We substitute and get (3) ~ 1 = 3(3) + 2, or 11 = 11, a true sentence. Thus, 3s solution, Try This Determine whether the given number isa solution of the inequality a3ox<24 b3y+2>-1-2 e 3xt2s4r-3,5 A graph of an inequality is a drawing that shows all of its solutions on a ‘number line, The graph is a picture of the solution set. What You'll Learn WY To determine if a number is a solution of an inequality, and graph the solution set To solve inequali using the addition Property To solve inequalities using the multiplication property To solve inequali using both the addition and ‘multiplication Properties +++And Why ‘To solve more difficult inequality problems 24 Solving Inequalities 73 ia PERE Graph x <2 on a number fine. ‘The solutions consist ofall numbers less than 2, 0 we shade all numbers less than 2, Note that 2is not a solution. We indicate this by using an open circle at 2 “2 ‘The solution set graphed in Example 4 can be written {x|x <2}. This is called set-builder notation, The notation is read “the set of all x such that x is less than 2.” Set notation of this type is written using braces. The symbol | is read “such that.” WCE Graph x = -3 on a number ine, We draw a picture of the solutions {x|x = ~3}. ‘This time the solution set consists of all the numbers greater than ~3, including3, We shade all numbers greater than ~3 and use a solid circle at 3 to indicate that it is also a solution. Try This Graph ona number line. » arc exe fxs oF, Objective: Solve and graph inequi Property. using the addition ‘There is an addition property for inequality similar to the one for equality. | Theorem 2-2 Addition Property of Inequality Ifa < bis true, then a + ¢ , ,and =. | $a If any number is added to both sides of a true inequality, another true inequality is obtained. To solve an inequality using the addition property, we transform the inequality into a simpler one by adding the same number to both sides, as we do in solving equations. 74 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities EEEQTE soe. Then graph. x+4>7 i x +44 (8) 57+ (-4) Using the addition property, adding ~4 x33 ‘The solution set is {x|x > 3). . “The graph sas follows | Se : eet 0 t 2 8 4 & 6 7: Quick Review: Remember that ifa < b, In Example 6, every number greater than 3 was a solution. Because there are jt is siso true that b > a, many solutions to an inequality, we cannot check all the solutions by substituting into the original inequality as we do for equations. We can check our calculations by substituting for the variable in the original inequality at least one number from the proposed solution set. Try This solve. Then graph. Bx+6>9 hi0zx+7 Bx - 12x - co LS) Telnet Objective: Solve inequalities using the multiplication property. Consider the true inequality 4 <9, If we multiply both numbers by 2, we get the true inequality 8 < 18, If we multiply both numbers by ~3, we get the false inequality 12 < -27. If we reverse the inequality symbol, we get the true inequality -12 > —27. If we multiply both sides of a true inequality by a positive number, we get another true inequality. If we multiply by a negative number and reverse the inequality symbol, we get another true inequality, Theorem 2-3 ‘Multiplication Property of Inequality Ita beis true for any negative real number ¢ Similar statements hold for >, s,and = When we solve an inequality using the multiplication property, we,can multiply by any number except zero. 2-4 Solving Inequalities. 75 [Egg — L EXAMPLES JEOIS MH 3y<} 4 oe Jeayc-} muting by} yh ‘Any number less than Js a solution. The solution set is {oly < - 4 DB pac -}-(-4n>-]-4 ultying by —4 ad eveing the inequality sign 1 xo} 1 i i a Any number greater than —is a solution. The solution set is {x}x > -J}. Try This solve yeh kaye} Lqrent Objective: Solve inequalities using both the addition and multiplication properties. We use addition and multiplication properties together in solving inequalities in much the same way as for equations. TEXXEIGED soe. 16 - Ty = 10y- 4 “16 +16-Ty=-16 + 10y-4 Adding -16 “Ty 2 10y - 20 “l0y - Ty = -l0y + 10y- 20 Adding ~10y -ITy = -20 Jay <= -20) Mutipying by 4 and sonesinetimanusliy gs 2 The solution set is {yly = 23}. ys Try This sowe. m, 6 -Sy=7 m 3x4 5x<4 0.17 ~ Sy S8y~5 16 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities : : m ; 7 Hely 2. 2-4 Exercises € / Te Web Lokforworkedout 79 v ‘examples at the Prentice | | Mental Math Determine whether the specified number is a solution of Hall Web site. Hy the inequality, www.phschool.com 1 2y-5>-10;3 2 Sy-2>3y +88 3 6-y<9-3 Graph. 4x4 8 y<-l 6 x>5 x23 Solve. Bxt8>3 %xtS>2 Wy t3<9- Were dEd Wx-9510 I y-B>-14 Beem — 15 05r< 25 : 16-92-81 17-8532 18 -r=-J 19, $y = -3 20. 2 +7<19 2 Sy+13>28 2, Sy +2ys-21 2B. -9x+34=-24 24 2y-7<5y-9 28, Be -9<3¥- 1 26, 04x +5<12x-4; 21, 0.2y + 1>2ay ~ 10 28. Error Analysis _adranko says the solution to y ~ 9 > ~18is y < ~9.What error has he made? 2 B Solve. 29, 3x- fs ¥3x 30. 2x -3.< Bx + 10 ~ 125% BL. 4(3y — 2) = 9(2y + 5) 32. 4m + 5 = 14(m - 2) 33. Critical Thinking Find two different inequalities whose solution sets contain all real numbers less than ~5, Challenge Solve, 34 (y+ 3)(¥- 3) <0 35. yy +5)>0 364 2*3>0 37,252 <0 38. Determine whether the statement is true I false, give a counterexample, a, For any real numbers a,b, ¢, and d, ita < band ¢ < d, then a-c Income from Plan B “Translating to an inequality 1600 + 0.04x > 1800 + (x ~ 10,000)0.06 Recalling that % means 1600 + 0.04x > 1200 + 0.063 times 0.01 400 > 0.02x 20,000 > x i Find the ANSWER and CHECK For total sales between $10,000 The answer checks and makes ‘and $20,000, Plan A is better sense in the problem. than Plan B. ie Rev: Quisk Review If the scores on § tests total 400 points, the average test score is 400 = g0, 2-5. Using Inequalities 79 Handymen are sometimes paid by the job and sometimes by the hour S00 Try This b. Pp >: xtra Help ) On the Web Look for worked-out examples at the remtce Hall Web site. www.phschool.com Try This b. A painter can be paid in two ways. Plan A: $500 plus $45 per hour Plan B:$55 per hour Suppose the job takes m hours. For what values of mis Plan A better for the painter? Zz. 5 Exercises 5 A car rents for $23.95 per day, plus $0.10 per mile. You are on a daily budget of $76.00. Within what mileage must you stay to remain within budget? , You are taking a history course, There will be four tests. You have scores of 89,92, and 95 on the first three. You must earn a total of 360 points to get an A. What score on the last test will give you an A? ‘You are going to invest $25,000, part at 14% and part at 16%. What is the most that can be invested at 14% to make at least $3600 interest per year? 4, You are going to invest $20,000, part at 12% and part at 16%. What is the most that can be invested at 12% in order to make at least $3000 interest per year? In planning for a school dance, you find that one band will play for $250, plus 50% of the total ticket sales. Another band will play for a flat fee of $550. In order for the first band to produce more profit for the school than the other band, what is the highest price you can charge per ticket, assuming 300 people attend? 6. Multi-Step Problem On your new job, you can be pai two ways. Plan A:A salary of $500 per month plus a commission of 4% of total sales Plan B:A salary of $750 per month plus a commission of 5% of total sales over $8000 For what amount of total sales is Plan B better than Plan A, assuming that total sales are always more than $8000? 7, Multi-Step Problem A chauffeur can be paid in two ways. Plan A: $500.00 plus $9.00 per hour Plan B: $14.00 per hour ‘Suppose that the job takes n hours. For what values of nis Plan A better for the chauffeur than Plan B? Estimation A mason can be paid in two ways. Plan A: $300.00 plus $24.40 per hour Plan B: $38.80 per hour ‘Suppose that the job takes m hours.To the nearest 10 hours, estimate for ‘what values of n plan B is better for the mason than Plan A. 3 one of 8 80 Chapter? Equations and Inequalities 9. An investment of P dollars made at the simple interest rate r for t years will grow toa total T = P + Prt, For an investment of $10,000 to grow to at least $12,000 in two years, what is the minimum interest rate at which it can be invested? Ina science course, you must average 89 for an A. Your first three tests were 75,95, and 91. 10. Ifyou have only one test remaining, what score do you need for an A? 11, If you have two tests remaining, what do you need to average on the two tests to receive an A? 12, After the first three tests, you find that you must average 90 or better on your remaining tests for an A. How many tests do you have left? 13. Critical Thinking Suppose that a machinist is manufacturing boxes of various sizes with rectangular bases. The length of a base must exceed ; the width by at least 3 cm, but the base perimeter cannot exceed 24 cm. What widths are possible? Challenge The formula S = —1617 + uy + 5, tells the height at time of a projectile fired vertically from height 5, with initial velocity v,. ‘Suppose a projectile is fired vertically from ground level at an initial velocity ‘of 448 ft per second, 14, When will the projectile be higher than 30721? 15. When, if ever, will the projectile’s height exceed 10,000 ft? A carpenter makes either a certain hourly rate of r dollars per hour, or a special rate that is $5 per hour less if a fee of f dollars is paid first. 16. For what number of hours is the hourly rate cheaper? 17. Next year the fee will be doubled, but the discount will be $7.50 per hour. For what number of hours will the special rate be cheaper? 18. Error Analysis A student gave “2,4, 6” as the answer to the problem “Find three consecutive even integers such that 10 times the largest value exceeds the product of the other two by more than 40.” Explain why the student's answer is not entirely correct. Mixed Review Solve. 19. 2a +b = ¢,fora 20, x = fore 21. ab + cd + ef = g fore 22, A= 2nr + 2arh forr 23 25. Using Inequalities 81 i What You'll Learn | WY Tosoive and graph | conjunctions of inequi W to solve and graph disjunctions of inequalities «+ And Why ‘To solve more complex inequality problems Reading Math {x]x < 3} is read “the set of real numbers x such that xis less than 3.” Compound Inequalities In mathematics and elsewhere, a compound statement may be composed of several shorter statements, each connected by the word and or the word or. A statement such as The moon is red and the night is cold may be true, depending upon whether the individual statements are true. Similarly, the compound inequality x <2 or x > 0 may be true for a value of x, depending upon the truth of the individual statements. Objective: Solve and graph conjunctions of inequalities. ‘When two or more statements are joined by the word and, the new ‘compound statement is called a conjunction, Here are some examples. ‘The moon is red and the night is cold. x+y=S and r-y=2 -2~6 26 Compound Inequalities 83 a Obj ive: Solve and graph isjunctions of inequalities. ‘When two or more statements are joined by the word oF to make a ‘compound statement, the new statement is called a disjunction. Here are some examples of disjunctions. Itis raining or the wind is blowing. yisaneven number or yisa prime number x<-3 or x>3 For a disjunction to be true, atleast one of the individual statements must be true. Let's look at the solution sets and graphs of a disjunction and its individual statements. x3 (ele< 3} Het ttt ttt tt {rlx>3} ott Ifa number is in either or both of the solutions sets, it is in the solution set of, the disjunction. The solution set of the disjunction is the set we get by joining the other two sets. felx <—3orx> 3} “S$ 4-3 2-1 0:1 2 8 4 8 ‘The set obtained by joining two or more sets is called their unton. For two sets A and B, we can name the union AU B. The solution set of x<—3orx > 3is the union. {ale < Sore > 3} = (xlx <-3}U (2lx > 3} WSCUTSEN Graph xs 20rx = 5. ‘The graph consists of the union of their individual graphs. Try This Graph. exs-2orx>4 x<-4orx=6 84 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities TETANUS Solve -2x - 5 = -20rx -3>2, We solve the individual inequalities separately, but we continue writing the word or W2x-S455-245 of x-343>243 2x53 or x>5 ra-} or 255 The solution set is {xx = ~Jor x > 5} Try This sowe. Bx -4<-30rx-423 h, -2x +45 -30rx+5<3 sein, f 2_2-6 Exercises e j Extra tien ‘eae? On the Web A Look for worked-out Graph. hanweiste ASec6 LOMYRE R-DAySE APs | mneghatiocim Solve. S -2 -247>-7 10, -5 = 3x - 20> -35 Graph. 1 etelote?2 1 x<-2orz>0 1h 2<-Borr> -2 14 t= Wore = ~5 15, EEZIARLSA Which pair of numbers belongs to the solution set of 3<5r +358? Acoands mand? Cand and Solve. I rtT<-2oret7>2 x4 94 Mde-8<-3orr-823 W758 -2orde-T22 20. 3x -9<-Sorx-9>6 2. 4x -4< -Borx-4> 12 B Soive 22, x= 2andx>5 23. x2=3andx<-1 24 x2=4orx>1 28. r-1 6 (2 9)andz<0 2-6 Compound Inequalities 85 sy, @ Self-Test Sat? On the Web ‘Check your progress. Look for a self-test at the Prentice Hall Web site. www.phschool.com Solve. 2. da-2 6m + SorSm—8< 2 wo. -2skr-3 eatery Ea 0 ari BL 3x <4 Sx <5 3x 32. (x + Ox 4) > (+ X= 3) Identify the following as sometimes, always, or never true for all real numbers a,b and, 33. Ifb > cthenb #. 34, If-b < a, thena b,thena 12] QR xt4} Examples 8-10 illustrated three cases of solving equations and inequalities with absolute value, The following theorem gives the general principles for solving, 2-7 Absolute Value 89 Reading Math, | teorem2s | Read *-b" as “the | opposite of b* or “the negative of b* or “the | additive inverse of by" not | fminus b* or “negative b." Principles for Solving Absolute Value Sentences For any positive number 6 and any expression | V| A. The solutions of |V| = b satisfy N = -bor N = 6. B. The solutions of || b satisfy N < —bor N > b. | EXAMPLES! BOUL Ga |sx-4) = |N| = b, where Wis 5x ~ 4 and bis 11. Sx-4=11 or Sx—4=~—11 Using Theorem 2-5A Sx=15 or Sx= Adding 4 to both sides Multiplying both sides by 3 x=3 or x The solution set is {3, 3}. Here is the graph of the solution set. o 12 3 4 5 GM [sx - 2) <4 |iv| 7 90 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities Extra Help Zz. 2-7 Exercises @} On the Web Look for worked-out examples at the Prentice Mental Math —Simply.leavng sie posible inside absolute valuesigne fies www.phschool.com 1, [3x] 2 [4x] 3 I'l 4 [| 5. [oxy] 6. |100°6?| 2. [| 9. |=16m| 10, |= a. |e] 12. |p| Find the distance between the points having the given coordinates. 13. -8, -42 14, -9, -36 15. 26,15 16. 54,18 17, -9,24 18. -18, -37 19. -5,0 20. 0,23 Solve. Then graph, we |xl=3 2 |x]=5 2B |x] <3 4, [x SS 28. |x] =2 26 [yl >8 2% || =55 2B [mi >0 29, |x - 3) =12 30. [3x - 2) 31 [2x - 3] <4 32, |Sr+2/<3 33, [2y-7/>10, 34 [3y-4] >8 38. |4x-9] 214 36, 9-2) >17 - 37. [10x +8] >2 4 B Solve. 38, m+ 5| +916 L038, |e 4324 40, |g+7| 413 =4 41. 22x = 7/ +L = 25 : 42. Critical Thinking Determine whether the absolute value of a difference is sometimes, always, or never the same as the difference of the absolute values. Challenge Solve. 43, [3r—4]>-2 44 [x - 6] =-8 46.1 + 8|>3 47, |xt5)>x 49, \7x-2) = x44 $0. [x1] -2= [2x-5] Sh |x +1] s[x-3] | Mixed Review — rte nt 3, ee =S6w* Simplify. 52 m+n? 83,2 84 2555, SEE Solve, 56, 18= -36 57. 12c+6= 9c 58. Sa~ (3a - 10) Use the commutative and associative properties to write three eq expressions foreach. 5% ab+(c+d) 60. °(yzX xy) 13 27 Absolute Value 91 What You'll Learn WY To prove conditional Satements YW to write and prove converses of Statements To solve algebraic sentences by proving a statement and its converse an operation will produce equivalent statements +++ And Why To justify solutions of algebraic sentences Quick Review = The consequent is also called the conclusion. ing Equations Objective: Prove conditional statements. It-then statements are important in mathematics. Here are some examples, Ifx = Lthenx +1=2 Ix <5, then x <10. Ifa figure is a square, then it has four sides, Ina statement If B, then Q, Pisa sentence that follows if, and Q is a sentence that follows then. The sentence P is called the antecedent, and the sentence Q is called the consequent. If-then statements are also called conditionals. To prove the conditional, we suppose or assume that the antecedent P is true. ‘Then we try to show that it leads to Q. That allows us to conclude that the statement If P, then Q is true. Solving equations provides a good example of proving conditionals. EQUI Prove the statement: fx + 4 = 24, then x = We first assume that Sx + 4 = 24 i true, We call such an assumption a hypothesis. Then we use equation-solving principles to arrive at x = 4. We use a column proof tolist each statement and the theorems or axioms that allow us to make this statement. 1 Srt4=24 1. Hypothesis (assumed true) 2. 5x=20 2. Using the addition property Bxe4 3. Using the multiplication property 4. IfSx + 4 = 24,then x = 4. 14. Statements 1-3 Here is a proof written in paragraph form, called a narrative proof, ‘Suppose that Sx + 4 = 24s true. Then, by the addition property, adding ~4 to both sides, it follows that Sx = 20. By the multiplication property, multiplying both sides by 4, we obtain x = 4. Therefore, if x + 4 = 24, then x = 4, which was to be shown, Try This Prove the following statements. . a. If3x +5 = 20, then x = 5. b. If-3x +8 > 23,then x <-5, 92 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities Write and prove converses of statements. From a statement /f P, then Q we can make a new statement by interchanging the antecedent and consequent, We get If, then P. The two statements are called converses of each other. TEEMNIE write the converse of each statement. FEM itr = 2,then x +3 =5. The converse is: If x + 3 = 5,then x = 2, FEM tx <5,thenx<10. — Theconverse is: If x < 10, then x <5. HA ican animal is a cat, then it has four legs The converse is: Ifan animal has four legs, then itis a cat. | Try This write te converse of each statement. ¢. If3x +7 = 37, then x = 10. a. Ix > 15, then'z > 12. . ‘Antecedent_| Consequent What does an if-then statement tell us? Consider the statement z[ x<5 x<10 If x <5, hen x < 10. This statement is true. It tells us that any replacement for x that makes the antecedent true, also must make | 3| 3 23, then x < ~5, (2) Prove the converse. 2) Describe the solution sets of the antecedent and consequent. ‘lve equations and inequalities by proving a statement and its converse. When we solve an equation or inequality, in effect we write a proof. We start with the sentence to be solved, using it as a hypothesis. From that hypothesis, wwe try to obtain a very simple statement with an obvious solution set. TEE soive. 6x-2=28 — Hypothesis 6x =30 Using the addition property 5 Using the multiplication property ‘The statement x = 5 has an obvious solution set, 5}. What about the solution set of 6x ~ 2 = 287 We can prove the converse or we can check by substituting, For inequalities, we cannot check by substituting because the solution sets are infinite, EEEMUENA sove 3x +5 <29 y proving statement andits converse. (a) We prove this statement: f3x + 5 < 29, then x <8, We abbreviate the writing as we ordinarily do in solving, 3x+5<29 Hypothesis 3x <24 Using the addition property X<8 Using the multiplication property 94 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities (b) We prove this statement: If x < 8, then 3x + 5 < 29, also abbreviating the writing, x<8 Hypothesis 3x<24 Using the multiplication property 3x +5<29 Using the addition property ‘Since we have proved a statement and its converse, we know 3x'+ 5 < 29 and x <8 have the same solution set. Therefore, the solution set of 3x + 5 < 29is (lx <8). Try This & Solve 7x ~ 1 > 34 by proving a statement and its converse. hh Solve 9x - 5 = 103 (1) by proving a statement and its converse. 2) by proving a statement and then substituting. equivalent statements. Equivalent equations or equivalent inequ: solution set. If in solving we know which manipulations give us equivalent statements, we can cut down on the work of proving converses. Theorem 2-6 ‘The use of the addition and multiplication properties of equality and | inequality produce equivalent statements under the following conditions, | A. The expression added or multiplied must be defined for all replacements. | B.The expression by which we multiply must never have the value 0. | According to Theorem 2-6, whenever we add any constant or multiply by any nonzero constant, we obtain equivalent statements. Thus when solving simple ‘equations or inequalities, we can depend on Theorem 2-6 and need not actually prove a converse. [SEESEN To show that muttiplying by 0 can be troublesome, “prove” that x = Land x? = x are equivalent. rel vex Multiplying both sides by x ‘The solution set of x = 1 is {1}. The solution set of x? = xis {0,1}. The statements are not equivalent. 28 Proofs in Solving Equations 95 @ Extra Help Sig On the Web Look for worked-out tramples at the Prentice FailWeb ste, — FSEAMEST] which of the following will be certain to produce an equivalent equation or inequality? FED adding 410 both sides, No, x cannot be zero, TEEN adding 3x - 3xtoboth sides Yes TEEN muttiplying both sides by x + 2 No, the expression could have the value 0. THEA nuttiplying both sides by x? + 1 Yes, the expression will always be nonzero. TEEW multiplying both sides by3 + 2 No, the expression could be undefined. Try This Which of the following will be certain to produce an equivalent equation or inequality? i. multiplying both sides by 5 J. multiplying both sides by 3x ~ 3x k. adding ¥ — x to both sides 1, adding 7 to both sides 1m, multiplying both sides by x + 5 _n. multiplying both sides by } + 27 2-8 Exercises A Prove the following, L If7x—12=37,thenx=7. 2 If'Sy + 16 = 88 ~ 3y, then 3, If 15x — 5 = 11 ~ 2x, then x = 46, 4, If 13x + 12 < 15x - 7,thenx > 2 Write the converse of each statement. 5, If3y = 5, then 6y = 10. 6. IfSx +3 =17,then2x +5 = 14, 7. Ix <12,thenx <20. 8 If3y +5>17~ y,then dy +2<8y +1. Write the converse of each statement, and then prove it. Compare with Exercises 1-4 9, If7x—12=37,thenx=7. 10, IfSy + 16 = 88 ~ 3y, then y = 9. AL, If 15x — 5 = 11 ~ 2x, then x =f. 12. If 13x + 12 < 15x - 7, then x > Solve by proving a statement and its converse. 13, 3x-2<5x+7 14 dy #52 7y-2 1S, 16x +3= 24-5 16, 6y ~ 12 = By +2 96 Chapter? Equations and Inequalities Solve by proving a statement and then substituting, 17, 14x ~ 12 = 16x +5 18, -Sy +7-= ly - 14 Which of the following will be certain to produce an equivalent equation or inequality? 19, multiplying both sides by.x* 20, adding 3 ~ 2 to both sides 21. adding $+ to both sides 22, multiplying both sides by wa B 23, Prove the addition property of equality. 24, Prove the multiplication property of equality 25, Prove the property of zero products. 26. Critical Thinking Write a conditional statement that has a true converse; a false converse. Challenge To prove the addition property and the multiplication property of inequality, wwe need another definition and an additional axiom for real numbers. We may also need to use the fact that a > b and b 0 a= 0 ea<0 27. Prove the transitive property of inequality. (For any real numbers a, b, and ,ifa < band b <¢,thena <<) 28. Prove the addition property of inequality 29, Prove the multiplication property of inequality, For each statement, rewrite in if... hen form and then write the converse. 30, Integers are rational numbers. 31. Quitters never win, 32, Use the addition property to prove that a > b and ~a < -b are equivalent. | Mixed Review Evaluate form =}, 33m? 34m—-$ 35% 36. 443m 13 Solve, 37. 16n + 8n=312 38 -16= 4c +6 3 r~ 16r= 645 27 28 Proofs in Solving Equations 97 Reasoning Strategies vy SF (ea Tess REE To solve problems ‘Objective: Solve problems using the strategy Try, Test, Revise using the strategy Tor test Revise and other strategies. What You'll Learn Some problems can be solved by And Why PROBLEM-SOLVING GUIDELINES | Ci oosing a possible solution, To increase efficiency in UNDERSTAND the problem testing it, and, if necessary, using solving problems by Develop and carry outa PLAN | _ information gained from the tes to applying reasoning skills DW Fnd heANSWER and CHEGK | TVi86 the possible solution. This find thi an strategy for solving problems is called Try, Test, Revise. WEEMS use the 7, Test, Revise strategy to solve this problem. ELECTRIC BILL ‘A company received an electric bill of $109 for one month. The bill is, shown at the left. The manager of the company told the employees that the electric bill needed to be cut exactly in half the next month. How many kilowatt hours did they need to use to have a bill half as large? 1st 600 kWh @ 4g each = $ 24 Next 850 kWh @ 10¢ each = $ 85 TOTAL = $109 ‘You can see that the number of kilowatt hours used must be greater than 600, since $24.00 is less than half of $109.00. Half of $109.00 is $54.50 (109 + 2 = 54.5). “Try: 800 kWh 600 kWh @ 4g each = 600(0.04) = 24.00 200 kWh @ 10¢ each = 200(0.10) = 20.00 TOTAL = $44 ‘Since $44.00 is less than $54.50, the possible solution of 800 kWh was too low. ‘The next try should be higher. ‘Try: 1000 kWh 600 kWh @ 4g each = 600(0.04) 400 kWh @ 10g each = 400(0.10) TOTAL = $64 \ce $64.00 is greater than $54.50, the possible solution of 1000 kWh was too high. The next try should be less than 1000 but greater than 800. If you continue this process of trying, testing, and revising, you can quickly find that the correct number of kilowatt hours used is 905. Example 1 shows an important fact about solving problems in mathematics. ‘The missing number in this problem was found using the Try, Test, Revise strategy. The missing number could also have been found using equation- solving techniques. Many problems in mathematics can be solved correctly in more than one way. 98 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities For some problems, there may be no solution. For others, several solutions are possible, In the following example, the strategy Try, Test, Revise is used to show that no solution is possible. [SEAMEN the cost of 3 different sandwiches on a menu are roast beef $3.25, cheese $2.75, and Reuben $3.75. Carola bought 2 sandwiches with a $10 bill and received $4.25 change. Which sandwiches did she buy? Try: 2cheese sandwiches _-2 x $2.75 = $5.50, $10 ~ $5.50 = $4.50 $4.50 is too much change. The next most expensive sandwich is roast beef. ‘Try: 1 cheese sandwich, 1 roast beef sandwich $3.25 + $2.75 = $6, $10 - $6 = $4 $4 is not enough change. Every other combination of sandwiches is more expensive, so less change than $4 is returned. Thus there is no solution. Reasoning Strategies Write an Equation DrawaDiagram ‘Try Test, Revise Make an Organized List Make a Table ‘Look for a Pattern Use Logical Reasoning Simplify the Problem Work Backward od Extra Help 2-9 Problems e De2:9 Problems ae? On the Web Solve using one or more of the strategies presented so far. Look bd worked-out 1. Solve Example 1 ebove using the strategy Write an Equation. examples a the Prentice 2. Three computers were on sale. Model E computer was priced at § the ‘www.phschool.com price of Model C, and Model P was priced at } the price of Model E. One business bought one of each type of computer on sale and paid a total of $1800, not including tax. What was the sale price of each computer? 3. The number of cable television subscribers ina particular city has been increasing at a rate of about 15% every 2 years. The company expects this rate to continue for atleast the next 10 years. There are 275 subscribers in the city this year. About how many subscribers does the company predict there will be in 4 years? 4. Write a Convincing Argument — Write an argument to explain toa classmate how to determine the greatest numberof pieces into which a pie can be cut with four straight cuts. (The pieces may not be stacked.) ‘Two friends planned an 80-km walk/bike-a-thon. They wanted to start and arrive at the same time. The bike would only carry one person at a time. ‘They decided that one of them would ride a certain distance, then leave the bike for the other and continue walking. Both walk at the same rate of speed and both ride at the same rate of speed. At what distances should the bicycle be left so that each person walks twice and rides twice? 2-9 Reasoning Strategies 99 Application Helicopter Flight Time Tis United States Const Guard re2oue helcoptr can cay a fet of cargo. For what stances 's external loading preferabie the interal loading tne fe} rand the «external lading tine is fhe? A load of me Some helicopters can carry cargo internally, inside the body of the aireraft, or externally, strapped beneath or to the side of the body. When the cargo is carried externally, the airspeed is decreased because of drag on the helicopter. However, loading and unloading for cargo carried externally is much faster. ‘Suppose that cargo can be loaded by either of the two methods, but not by a combination. When transporting cargo, how can delivery time be minimized? al equipment is to be carried a distance of 80 miles and delivery time is to be minimized. Assume the following data. ‘Average Speed (mi/h) | Loading Time (hr) [Unloading Time (hr) Internal Load 140 } 4 External Load 100 b t ‘The average speed when carrying the load internally is 140 mi/h. Thus it will take #4 hours to travel 80 miles with only an internal load. ‘The total delivery time for an inside load is loading time + flight time + unloading time = 1 4 mo 4, 1 a. 1k Hf torke ‘The ayerage speed when carrying the load externally is 100 mi/h. Thus it will take ‘The total delivery loading time + 1 2 hours to travel 80 miles with only an external load. for an outside load is ight time + unloading time = 0 + + b= B~oorm ‘Therefore, to ship this cargo 80 miles, external loading is preferable, ‘Suppose we want to ship this same cargo 200 miles. We then have the following. 100 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities Loading Time + Flight Time + Unloading Time = Delivery Time on fi 2 1 0 Internal a. Ge i = WP 19br 1 200 External oo. 4 Barbe ‘Therefore, to ship this cargo 200 miles, internal loading is preferable. Problems 1. Determine the preferable loading for shipping this cargo 140 miles. 2, Determine the preferable loading for shipping this cargo 110 miles. 3. Determine the preferable loading for shipping this cargo 118 miles. ‘Suppose the helicopter is to carry this cargo D miles. For which distances is internal loading preferable? For which distances is external loading preferable? Total delivery time for external load Total delivery time for internal load a+ Bed 142 13+ 00+ a+ +4 ‘Therefore, external loading is preferable to internal loading whenever de Pahl se Dal 12 * 100 + 12 <4 t+ ia +4 Solving this inequality we have Pale Dal i+ 8 x-9 dee —9 16, ~9y = -45 17, -}x = -20 18, 3x-857x+5 2-5 Use the Problem-Solving Guidelines to solve problems involving inequalities, 102 Chapter2 Equations and Inequalities FP 19, Find all sets of three consecutive positive odd integers whose sum is less than 20 but greater than 10. 2-6 For a conjunction to be true, all of its individual statements must be true. For junction to be true, at least one of its statements must be true. Graph on a number line. 20, -33 Solve. Then graph. 22, -7<2x-1<3 23.x+1<-lorxt+1>2 Simpity. 24. |y'| 25, [yl 26, [3 Find the distance between points having these coordinates. 27, —9 and 17 28, —23 and —40 29, -18 and3 27 ‘The solutions of |N| = b satisfy N = ~b or N = b, the solutions of |N| b satisfy N < ~bor N > b. Solve. Then graph. 30. |x| 3h yl <4 32, |x| =2 33, |x-3) 25 34. [3x +5] <7 | I b Chapter Assessment - Solve, Lr-17=20 2 ~9n = 450 3 3y + 10=16 4 -2+5=7 $.08%-37=03 6 hy-F=6 7. 8x +9) = 112 8 8y- (Sy-9) = -160 9. Bx + 5)(2x-6) = 0 We y+S=8 11 4B 28 2. -8y = ~40 1 4+7y539 14, 2-95 944 4S. ~4x - 6 > 72-14 16. A 14-m piece of cable is cut into 2 pieces. One piece the other. How long are the pieces? 17, Solve Q = P ~ Prt, for P. 18, Simplify |2*y‘]. 19. You have made scores of 81,76, and 82 on three quizzes. What is the least you can make on the fourth quiz to have an average of at least 80? 20. Find the distance between points with coordinates 33 and —12, Solve. Then graph. Ma -3

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