OIL & GAS CONVERSION CHART

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OIL

--------------------------------------------------------------At 86F (30C)
----------- Approximation -----------------Liters
Liters
A.Gallons A.Barrels
Product
per
per
per
per
Europe.Ton M.Ton
M.Ton
M.Ton
--------------------------------------------------------------L.P.G
1,864
1,835
484.6
11.54
JP.4
1,355
1,333
352.4
8.39
Jet A-1
1,274
1,254
331.2
7.89
Premium
1,375
1,353
357.5
8.51
Regular
1,440
1,418
374.5
8.92
Kerosene
1,293
1,273
336.2
8.00
Gas Oil
1,197
1,177
311.2
7.41
Diesel Fuel
1,177
1,159
306.1
7.29
Fuel oil 80 CST
1,082
1,065
281.2
6.70
Fuel oil 180 CST
1,067
1,050
277.4
6.60
Fuel oil 230 CST
Fuel oil 280 CST
Bitumen

1,064
1,061
994

1,047
1,044
979

276.6
275.9
258.5

6.59
6.57
6.15 -

------------------------------------------------------------1 MMSCF of natural gas

1
1
1
1

= 172.3 barrels of crude oil equivalent

=
million cu.ft. of natural gas =
=
std.cu.feet of natural gas
=
m.ton of coal
=
m.ton of lignite
=

365 x 1,000,000 scf

18.91 tons liquid
1598.69 cu.ft.liquid
1000 BTU = 252 kilocalories
4.879 barrels of crude oil equivalent
2.053 barrels of crude oil equivalent

1 ltr of fuel oil 1500 sec

1 kg of LPG
1 normal cu.m. per day (Nm3/d)

= 38.9 cubic feet of natural gas

= 47.0 cubic feet of natural gas
= 37.33 standard cu.ft. per day (SCFD)

[flow rate of gas]

1 ton of LNG

= 1.14 1.4 x 103 normal cu.m.natural

gas (Nm3)

(LNG conversions)

= 52.3 x 103 standard cubic feet natural

gas (SCF)
= 55.0 x 109 joules (HHV)
1 ton of LNG
(Energy equivalents)

1 barrel per day (b/d)

1 barrel of oil equivalent

=
=
=
=
=
=

1.22 tone crude oil

0.80 tone heavy fuel oil
0.91 tone LPG (commercial composition)
1.91 tone coal
50 tones per year (approx.)
1 barrel of crude oil

= 5,487 cubic feet of gas

* Natural gas is converted to barrels of oil equivalent using a ratio of 5,487
cubic feet of natural gas per one barrel of crude oil. This ratio is based on
the actual average equivalent energy content of Totals natural gas reserves.
1 barrel of crude oil per day

= appr. 50 tons of crude oil per year

1 ton of crude oil

= 1 metric ton of crude oil

= appr. 7.3 barrels of crude oil (assuming
a specific gravity of 33 API)

1 ton of oil equivalent

MMSCF
CST
A.
E.

= 6.6-8.0 bbl. of crude oil with 7.333 bbl.

Taken as average
= 1.16 kl. of crude oil (average)
= appr,1,125 cubic meters of natural gas

Million standard cubic feet

Centi-Stroke
American
English

VOLUME 1 American barrel

=
=
=
=
=

158.984 liters
42 American (US) gallons
34.9726 Imperial (UK) gallons
5.6146 cubic feet
0.15899 cubic meter

= 3.78541 cubic decimeters (dm3 )

= 0.136 tone (approx)
1 American gallon

= 231 cubic inches

= 0.133681 cubic foot

= 3.7854 liters
= 0.0238095 American barrel

1 Imperial gallon

= 0.83268 Imperial gallon

= 0.0037854 cubic meter
= 277.42 cubic inches

1 liter

=
=
=
=
=
=

1.20094 American gallons

4.54609 liters
0.028594 American barrel
0.160544 cubic foot
0.004561 cubic meter
1,000 cubic centimeters

= 1 cubic decimeter (dm3)

= 0.035314 cubic foot
=
=
=
=
1 kiloliter
1 gross ton
(Shipping)
1 cubic meter

WEIGHT 1 oz.
1 lb.
1 kg.
1 cwt
1 metric ton

1 English ton
or long ton
1 short ton

61.024 cubic inches

1.7597 pints
0.219969 Imperial gallon
0.26417 American gallon

= 1,000 cubic decimeters (dm3)

= 6.28981 American barrels
= 100 cubic feet or 2.83 cubic meters of
permanently enclosed space
= 35.315 cubic feet
= 219.97 Imperial gallons
= 1,000 liters
= 6.2898 American barrels
= 264.17 American gallons
= 28.35 grams
= 0.453592 kilograms
= 0.009 cwt.
= 2.20462 lb.
= 0.01 quintal
= 112 lb.
= 50.802 kg.
= 0.98421 long ton or English ton
= 1.10231 short ton
= 2,204.6 lb
= 1.01605 metric tons
= 1.12 short tons
= 0.907186 metric ton
= 0.892857 long ton
= 2,000 lb.

These conversions are based on the assumption that all weights

Are weights in air, which is the correct basis for computing?
Bulk commercial quantities of petroleum
PRICE

1 US cent/AG

= 0.42 US$/BBL
3

1 US$/BBL

= 0.163 Baht/Liters
(Based on exchange rate of 25.9 Baht/US$)

PETROLEUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY VOLUME PER TON

---------------------------------------------Degree
Specific
Barrels *
Long tone
API
gravity
per metric
Tone
---------------------------------------------25
0.904
6.98
7.09
26
0.898
7.02
7.13
27
0.893
7.06
7.18
28
0.887
7.10
7.22
29
0.882
7.15
7.27
30
0.876
7.19
7.31
31
0.871
7.24
7.36
32
0.865
7.28
7.40
33
0.860
7.33
7.45
34
0.855
7.37
7.49
35
0.850
7.42
7.54
36
0.845
7.46
7.58
37
0.840
7.51
7.63
38
0.835
7.55
7.67
39
0.830
7.60
7.72
40
0.825
7.64
7.76
41
0.820
7.69
7.81
42
0.816
7.73
7.85
----------------------------------------------*
Approx. figures 60F
141.5
Specific gravity = -----------131.5 + API

POWER AND HEAT UNITS

1 HP (UK Horsepower)

=
=
=
=
1 PS (Pferdestaerke)
or CV (Cheval Vapeur) =
=

550 foot pounds per second

0.7457 kilowatt
1.014 PS (or Cheval Vapeur)
542 foot pounds per second
0.986 hp
0.736 kW

1 kW (Kilowatt)

1,000 watts
1,340 hp
1.359 PS or CV
737 foot pounds per second
0.00136 kilowatt

=
=
=
=
1 foot pound per second =

= 0.00182 hp
= 0.00184 PS or CV
1000 Btu
100,000 Btu
1 calorie (dieticians')
1 Therm

1000 kilocalories
(Large Calories)
1 kilowatt hour

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.293 kWh
1 therm
4.1855 kilojoules
100,000 Btu (British Thermal Units)
25,200 kilocalories
25.2 thermies
29.3 kilowatt hours
3,968 Btu
1.163 kilowatt hours
1 thermie
3,411 Btu
1.340 hp hours
859.6 kilocalories

LIQUEFIED METHANE
1 Ton of Liquefied
Methane

= approximately 16 barrels
= approximately 50,000 cubic feet
(1400 cubic meters) of natural gas,
Depending on methane content

PRODUCT SPECIFIC GRAVITY RANGES

--------------------------------------------------Spec.
Barrels per
Gravity
metric ton
--------------------------------------------------Crude oils
0.80-0.97
8.0-6.6
Aviation gasolines
0.70-0.78
9.1-8.2
Motor gasolines
0.71-0.79
9.0-8.1
Kerosines
0.78-0.84
8.2-7.6
Gas oils
0.82-0.90
7.8-7.1
Diesel oils
0.82-0.92
7.8-6.9
Lubricating oils
0.85-0.95
7.5-6.7
Fuel oils
0.92-0.99
6.9-6.5
Asphaltic bitumens
1.00-1.10
6.4-5.8
---------------------------------------------------

CALORIFIC VALUE OF FUElS

Rough gross values in Btu per lb
------------------------------------Crude oils
18,300-19,500
Gasolines
20,500
Kerosenes
19,800
Benzole
18,100
5

Ethyl alcohol
Gas oils
Fuel oils (bunker)
Coal (bituminous)
LNG

11,600
19,200
18,300
10,200-14,600
22,300

LPG (butane)
21,300
-------------------------------------

TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPORT STREAMS

---------------------------------------MIRI
Bintulu Labuan
---------------------------------------API Gravity
33
35
32
Pour Point
45F
15F
45F
Wt. % Sulphur
0.07
0.1
0.07
----------------------------------------

PRESSURE
1 Bar

1 kg force/sq cm
1 pound/sq inch

= 0.987 atmospheres
= 750.1 mm Hg
= 14.50 pound/sq inch
= 1.020 kg force/sq cm
= 14.22 pounds/sq inch
= 0.070 kg force/sq inch

HEAT AND ENERGY

1 megajoule

1 terajoule
1 kilocalorie

1 kilowatt hour
1 million Btu

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

238.8 kilocalories
947.8 British Thermal Units
0.278 kilowatt hours
0.00002388 Mtoe
3.968 Btu
4186 joules
1.163 x 10-3 kWh

= 859.8 kilocalories
= 3412 Btu
= 1055 megajoule

= 2520 megacalories
= 293.1 kilowatt hours
1 ton of oil equivalent = 10000000 kilocalories
(Ton)

= 41.868 gigajoules
= 40.047 x 106 BTU
= 42.244 GJ

INTER FUEL CONVERSION FACTOR

Whilst individual crudes, coals and gases vary widely in quality,
Certain standard qualities are often assumed for statistical
Purposes:
6

----------------------------------------------------------------Reference
Barrel Oil
Ton Oil
Ton Coal
1,000 Cubic
Fuel

Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

Feet Natural
Gas
----------------------------------------------------------------Calorific
5.8x106
43x106
7x106
1x106
Value

Btu gross

Btu gross

Kcal net

Btu gross

Conversion
Factors

1
7.41
4.71
0.17

0.14

0.21
1.57
1
0.04

5.8

1
0.64
0.02

43.0
27.3
1

----------------------------------------------------------------Based on these qualities, the following equivalent rates of

consumption can be used with reasonable accuracy:
----------------------------------------------------------------LNG
NG
OIL
OIL
COAL
t/y
106 mmcF/d toe/y
boe/y
tce/y
109 Nm3/y
-----------------------------------------------------------------1
1.41
1.22
25
1.9
0.71
1
0.87
18
39
0.82
1.15
1
20
1.55
0.04
0.056
0.049
1
0.076
0.53
0.74
0.64
13
1
-----------------------------------------------------------------

CALORIFIC VALUE
1 megajoule/cu m
1 megajoule per normal
Cubic meter

= 25.84 Btu/cu ft
= 25.368 BTU per standard cubic feet
(BTU/SCF)
= 2.388 x 102 kilocalorie per normal
cubic meter (kcal/Nm3 )

1
1
1
1

kilocalorie/cu m
megajoule/kg
kilocalorie
Btu/cu ft

1 Btu/pound

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.016 Btu/cu ft
429.9 Btu/pound
1.8 Btu/pound (exact)
37.38 kilojoules/cu m
9.410 kilocalories/cu m
2.326 kilojoules/kg
0.556 kilocalories/kg

ENERGY VALUES
Btu per lb:
Wood: green
Dry
Peat, sod
Lignite

4,400
7,310
6,200
9,000
7

Coke
Coal: bituminous

12,100
13,000

Anthracite
fuel
Gas

14,500
18,500
19,500

Oil:

==============================================================================

NATURAL GAS AND OTHER ENERGY EQUIVALENTS

The following are quick-reference equivalents. All figures are APROXIMATE
VALUES only for use where precision is not required. They are based on:
(i)

for natural gas:

1,000 Btu/ft3 = 9,500 kcal/m3 (Groningen gas 8,400 kcal/m3)

(ii)

(iii)

for LPG:
an assumed 50/50 propane/butane mixture with (r) or (p) indicating
That the LPG is either refrigerated or pressurized.
Calorific values, MMBtu (gross):
per tone
- LNG 51.8; LPG 47.3; oil 42.3; coal 27.3
per barrel
- LNG 3.8; LPG (r) 4.45; LPG (p) 4.1; oil 5.8
per cubic meter - LNG 23.8; LPG (r) 28; LPG (p) 25.8

Natural Gas: Cubic Meter Equivalents

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 mrd m3 Natural Gas per Year
per year =
=
=
=
=
per day =
=
=

0.04 Tcf gas (38 trillion Btu)

890 000 tones oil
800 000 tones LPG
725 000 tones LNG
1.4 million tones coal
100 million ft3 gas
17 800 barrels oil
23 200 barrels LPG (r)

= 25 200 barrels LPG (p)

= 27 200 barrels LNG
3
1 million m Natural Gas per Day
per year =
=
=
=
=
per day =
=
=
=

0.014 Tcf gas (14 trillion Btu)

325 000 tones oil
290 000 tones LPG
265 000 tones LNG
500 000 tones coal
37 million ft3 gas
6 500 barrels oil
8 500 barrels LPG (r)
9 200 barrels LPG (p)

= 9 900 barrels LNG

1 m

Groningen gas = 0.88 m3 (9 500 kcal)

8

1 m 3 (9 500 kcal) = 1.13 m3 Groningen gas

Natural Gas: Cubic Foot Equivalents

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Tcf Natural Gas per Year
per year = 27 mrd m3 gas (30 mrd Groningen)
= 24 million tones oil
= 37 million tones coal
per day

= 2 700 million ft3 gas

= 470 000 barrels oil

100 MMcf Natural Gas per Day
per year = 0.04 Tcf (37 trillion Btu)
= 1 mrd m3 gas (1.1 mrd Groningen)
= 860 000 tones oil
= 770 000 tones LPG
= 700 000 tones LNG
= 1.35 million tones coal
per day

=
=
=
=
=

2.7 million m3 gas (3 million Groningen)

17 250 barrels oil
22 500 barrels LPG (r)
24 400 barrels LPG (p)
26 300 barrels LNG

LNG: Volumetric Equivalents

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
million tonnes LNG per Year
per year = 77 million ft3 (liquid)
= 2.2 million m3 (liquid)
= 14 million barrels (liquid)
= 0.05 Tcf (gas)
= 1.4 mrd m3 (gas)
= 1.1 million tones LPG
= 1.2 million tones oil
= 52 trillion Btu
= 1.9 million tones coal
per day

= 140 million ft3 (gas)

= 4 million m3 (gas)
= 37 500 barrels LNG
= 31 900 barrels LPG (r)
= 34 600 barrels LPG (p)
= 24 500 barrels oil

1 million m3 LNG per Year

per year = 460 000 tones LNG
= 6.3 million barrels LNG
= 0.2 Tcf (gas)
= 0.6 mrd m3 (gas)

= 500 000 tones oil

= 560 000 tones oil
= 24 trillion Btu
= 870 000 tones coal
per day

= 65 million ft3 gas

=
=
=
=

14
15
17
11

700
900
200
200

barrels
barrels
barrels
barrels

LPG (r)
LPG (p)
LNG
oil

m3 = kilolitre

LPG & Ethane: Weight, Volume, Heat Conversions

------------------------------------------------------------------------------Barrels Per Tone
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
C3/C4 mix
Pressured
17.6
12.4
10.8
11.6
Refrigerated
11.5
10.8
10.4
10.6
Cubic Meters Per Tone
Ethane
Pressured
2.80
Refrigerated
1.83

Propane
1.97
1.72

n-Butane
1.71
1.66

C3/C4 mix
1.84
1.69

Propane
3.85
4.41

n-Butane
4.35
4.49

C3/C4 mix
4.10
4.45

Propane
24.2
27.7

n-Butane
27.4
28.3

C3/C4 mix
25.8
28.0

10 6 Btu Per Barrel

Pressured
Refrigerated

Ethane
2.79
4.27

10 6 Btu Per Cubic Meter

Pressured
Refrigerated

Ethane
17.6
26.9

10 6 Btu Per Tone

Pressured
}
Refrigerated}

Ethane
49.2

1 Barrel/Day = Tones Per Annum

Ethane
Pressured
Refrigerated

20.7
31.7

Propane
47.7

n-Butane
46.9

C3/C4 mix
47.3

Propane

n-Butane

C3/C4 mix

29.4
33.8

33.8
35.0

31.6
34.4

Natural Gas: Inter-Fuel Price Equivalents (US Currency)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ONE CENT per MMBtu
= 5.8 Cents per Barrel crude oil
10

= 6.4 Cents per Barrel fuel oil

= 5.2 Cents per Barrel naphtha
= 4.5 Cents per Barrel LPG (r)
= 4.1 Cents per Barrel LPG (P)
= 3.8 Cents per Barrel LNG
ONE CENT per MMBtu
= 0.42 Dollars per Tone crude oil
= 0.40 Dollars per Tone fuel oil
= 0.45 Dollars per Tone naphtha
= 0.47 Dollars per Tone LPG
= 0.52 Dollars per Tone LNG
ONE DOLLAR per BARREL
= 17 Cents per MMBtu crude oil
= 16 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil
= 19 Cents per MMBtu naphtha
= 22 Cents per MMBtu LPG (r)
= 24 Cents per MMBtu LPG (p)
= 26 Cents per MMBtu LNG
ONE DOLLAR per TONNE
= 2.4 Cents per MMBtu crude oil
= 2.5 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil
= 2.2 Cents per MMBtu naphtha
= 2.1 Cents per MMBtu LPG
= 1.9 Cents per MMBtu LNG
ONE CENT per US gallon LPG = 10 CENTS per MMBtu

Oil and Coal Equivalent

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
million tones Oil per Year
per year = 1.1 mrd m3 gas (1.3 mrd Groningen)
= 1.5 million tones coal
= 815 000 tones LNG
= 890 000 tones LPG
= 0.04 Tcf gas (42 trillion Btu)
per day

= 115 million ft3 gas

= 3 million m3 gas

= 30 500 barrels
= 26 000 barrels
= 28 300 barrels
= 20 000 barrels
1 million tones Coal per Year

LNG
LPG (r)
LPG (p)
oil

per year = 0.7 mrd m3 gas (0.8 mrd Groningen)

= 640 000 tones oil
= 525 000 tones LNG
= 580 000 tones LPG
= 0.03 Tcf gas (27 trillion Btu)
per day

= 75 million ft3 gas

11

= 2 million m3 gas
=
=
=
=
10 000 barrels Oil

19 700 barrels
16 800 barrels
18 200 barrels
12 900 barrels
per Day

LNG
LPG (r)
LPG (p)
oil

per year = 0.6 mrd m3 gas

= 500 000 tones oil
= 780 000 tones coal
= 0.02 Tcf gas (21 trillion Btu)
per day

= 58 million ft3 gas

= 1.5 million m3 gas

--------------------------------------------------------------------------Rich Gas = natural gas having a gross calorific value of 41,868 kJ/m3 .
This term is used particularly for the natural gas from the North Sea and
from Algeria.
Degree-days = the number of degree-days of a day is calculated on the basis of
a reference temperature set by experience at 16.5 C; it gives the difference
between that reference temperature and the daily mean temperature if the
latter is the lower. The number of degree-days of a year is the sum of the
degree-days registered for each day of that year.
G-factor = invoicing factor representing the average monthly cost of Natural
gas at the Belgian border in francs per gigajoule
1GJ

1Gcal

10-6 Btu

1toe

1kWh

1m3

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1GJ
1
0.239
0.948
0.024
277.778
23.884
1Gcal
10-6 Btu
1toe
1kWh

4.186
1.055
41.855
3.600 10-3

1m 3 rich gas 0.042

1
0.252
10
0.860 10-3

3.967
1
39.671
3.421 10-3

0.1
0.025
1
0.083 10-3

1,163
293.1
11,626
1

100
25.2
1,000
86.011 10-3

0.010

0.040

0.001

11.626

------------------------------------------------------------------------Gigjoule giga
British
ton oil
kilowatt
Calorie
thermal
equivalent - hour
Unit

12