ASSEMBLY OF SHELL

PLATING
By:-

JOPHIN JOSEPH

NOUFAL P.NAJEEB
SACHIN KUMAR

SUBHENDU KUMAR SINGH

SHELL PLATING ASSEMBLY

Identify the individual shell plates by lettering of
strake(starting from keel plate) around the girth
to the shear strake.
Individual plating have coding related to eraction
unit of which they are a part.
Particular shell plates may in some cases referred
by name as example outer plate.
A plate having double curvature immediately
below the transom floor and running into the fore
side of the sternpost.
Shaping is mandatory after furnace heating
Coffin and stealer plate used at ends.

PLATE AND SECTION PREPARATION

PANEL LINE ASSEMBLY

Plate fitting:-Plates are moved by rollers and chain conveyors to
the fitting station, where they are fitted together manually and
tack welded.
Standard size runoff tabs are added at the seams.
Plate Welding: The panel is then conveyed to the seam buttwelding station where adjustable copper backup bars are
positioned according to the width of the plates. A line of
magnets on each side of the backing bar holds the plate down on
the conveyor bed. The backing bar is forced against the seam by
air pressure. Flux is automatically supplied by the welding
machine and removed manually after the welding is completed.
The machines can weld up to three seams simultaneously, in
plates up to one inch (2.5 cm) thick, with one pass.

One side SMW by flux copper back process used

Marking and Cutting: Plate is marked and cut

to size at station. Marking of panels is done after
welding to allow for neat cutting (i.e., to exact
dimensions) of the panel.
After a panel has been welded, stiffener locations
are marked. Cutting of deck openings, etc., is also
carried out at this stage using semiautomatic
and manual flame cutting equipment. The panels
are then moved to the next station along the
assembly area by crane.

SHELL PLATING
1.Deck plating
2.Bottom plating
3.Side shell plating

SIDE SHELL EXTENDS FROM TURN OF

THE BILGE TO TOP OF SHEER STRAKE

Side

shell mainly consist of :

1.plates
2.stiffeners

FRAMING ARRANGEMENTS OF
SIDE SHELL
There are three type of framing arrangement:
1.Longitudinal framing system
2.Transverse framing system
3.Combined framing system

The side shell along with bottom shell plating

provide the water tight skin and contribute to the
longitudinal strength of the ship structure.
Because of the huge area the shell plating is
composed of many strakes or plates arranged in
fore and aft direction and welded together .
The several strakes are joined together as a part
of unit by horizontal welds(seam) and vertical
weld(butt)

The final structure must be capable of

withstanding the many dynamic and static loads
up to the hull
Internal strengthening of the shell plating both
in longitudinal and transverse direction is
designed to prevent collapse of the plating under
various loads to which it is subjected.

LONGITUDINAL FRAMING SYSTEM

- SHELL

TRANSVERSE FRAMING SYSTEM SHELL

COMBINED FRAMING SYSTEM SHELL

JOINING TECHNIQUES IN SIDE

SHELL PANELING
Welding is predominantly used joining
techniques in ship building
Types of welding used in side shell paneling are
1.Butt
2.Fillet
3.Lap
In welding the shell platings forms a flush skin
with lesser resistance to motion through the
water and also greater strength joining is
possible using welding.

In modern ship construction methods adopted in

shipyards are the possibility of shell butts to run
in continuous lines across the strakes of plating.

FEATURES OF THE ASSEMBLY AND

WELDING OF THE SHELL PLATING
Special attention should be paid for fitting up
and welding of the side shell plating so maximum
amount of welding is done with automatic
machines .
The principles followed is that subdividing the
panel of entire sections into separate parts .
Automatic welding is possible only in those areas
where the inclination of weld does not exceed 15
degree or where the bed can be tilted so that
automatic welding can be done.

Sometimes special reversable beds on composite

moulds have to be used as opposed to the normal
type of bed those reproduce the internal lines of
the structure being assembled.
After they have been welded the sub sections are
all laid on the same bed and fitted up for welding
the butt joints and strake joints between them. In
cases in which it is not possible not to use
automatic welding they are fitted up for manual
welding.

SIDE SHELL PLATE WITH 3D

CURVATURE

PART OF SIDE SHELL ERECTED

ASSEMBLY CONTINUED
The outer plating of sections with complex
contours is fitted up for manual welding
observing the correct gaps
The edges are bevelled according to thickness of
the plates and the position in which the weld will
be made
When each plate laid on the bed has been
accurately positioned they are pressed by means
of buckles against the supporting edges of the
moulding bed and then tack welded to the plates
which have already been placed in position.
As a rule the plates are not tack welded to rigid
moulding plates.

ASSEMBLY CONTINUED
The upper hand plates are first laid in position
and the position of their butt joints checked; the
positions of the strakes edges over the halfbreadth are also checked.
The plates making up adjoining regions are laid
in position and assembly continues on both sides.
The edges are at same time are prepared for
welding.
To ensure that the gap is uniform very thin
strips, their thickness equal to the prescribed
manual welding gap(for instance 2 mm)are
sometimes inserted into joints between plates
the dimension of which have been adjusted.

ASSEMBLY CONTINUED
In order to secure the strake edges of sections to
the bed during welding screw clamps are
used;these prevents the edge from bending inside
section when frame is welded.
When shell plating is being assembled turn
buckles and assembly bars are used,also fishtails
and various types of screw and wedge clamps for
proper alignment of butt joint.
To improve weld quality all tack weld made
during fitting up must be of high quality done by
highly qualified welder.

ASSEMBLY CONTINUED
The gaps are checked after proper edge
preparation by means of special templates.
When framings has been welded in position
sections are removed from the bed and
overturned and the weld roots are dressed and
the backing runs deposited in the shell plating.
These operations are only performed in the
overhead position.
The weld root can be dressed and the edges
prepared for depositing the reverse side head
with pneumatic hammers, by flame planing with
special blowpipes or by air.

BOTTOM SHELL PLATING

Thickness and width of flat keel plate is constant
throughout length.
Greater thickness than adjacent bottom strake
Strakes of bottom plating to the bilges have
reatrct thickness over 40% of length amidships.
Bottom plating tapers towards end.
Panting/pounding allowances provided
Thickness of shell plating depends on length &
also on frame spacing

SIDE SHELL PLATING

Greater thickness over 40% length amidships.
Tapering also provided towards end.
Provide enough increase in thickness at the stern
frame connection at any shaft bracket and in way
of hawse pipes where canidreace chefing occurs
Further increase the thickness in panting region
and in increased probability of shear load
reason.
Special consideration for ice class vessels.

SIDE SHELL PLATING(CONTD.)

Shear strake is provided with greater thickness
because of its distance from neutral axis.
Special attention is required for welding and
cutouts.
In case of rounded gunwale arrangement the
welding is permitted on the shear strake because of
the high stress exposure which may result in
formation of cracks.
Butt welding is adopted to prevent crack
propagation (in the case of fillet weld).
All openings in the shell plating must have rounded
corners and some form of composition to avoid
discontinuity of strength

In every case the lenological process for

fabricating block sections are precisely analogues
with the standard building birth process.
In shell plating installation we have to consider
the structural component associated with the
shell plating and for this the framing system
adopted and requirements should be known.

FRAMING SYSTEM
Bottom shell may be transversely or
longitudinally framed.
Longitudinal framing being preferred for vessel
having length greater than120 m.
The side shell framing may also be transversally
or longitudinally framed, transverse framing is
adopted in many cases :GC(optimum bale
capacity needed)
When deep transverses are fitted bale capacity is
considerably reduced.
In transverse framing the spacing should not be
more than 1000 mm

FRAMING SYSTEM

Between collision bulkheads and over 20% of ships length aft of the two
perpendiculars where where the ships depth exceeds 8.9 m,it should not
be greater than 700mm.
But if depth is less than 8.9 m the frame spacing in this forward region
will be decresed.within the cruise stern the frame spacing doesnt exced
610mm.
Scantlings of main frames are primarily dependent on their depth and to
some extent the rigidity of end connections.
In case of oil tankers/cargo deep tanks the side framing size will be
increased except where supporting side stringers are fitted within tank
spaces

Frame supporting hatch end beams and those in the way

of transversers where the deck is frmaed longitudinally
also have increased scantalings.
Very deep web frames are usualy fitted in the machinary
space.
Web frames consisting of plate web and faceflat where the
web is considerable deeper than conventional transverse
frame are fitted in cargo holdes where top side wing tanks
are fitted.here where tha top side wing tanks are fitted
the web frame in the hold is in the line with the plate
webs supporting the longitudinal in the top side tank.
In the tween decks above the after peak tank,web frames
are required at every fourth frame space abaft the peak
bulkhead

If the side shell is longitudinally framed offset bulb

sections will be employed with the girder section
scantlings at the lower side shell.
Direct continuity of strenght is to be
mentioned,the upper longitudianl have the reast
scantling and a uniform increase in size occurs
down
The side shell untill the bilge is reached.the bilge
longitudinals approaches that of the bottom
shell.transverse webs are fitted to support the
longitudinals.these being spaced not more than 3.7
m apart and increased strength if top side tanks
are fitted