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Stepper Motors

A stepper motor rotates its shaft in discrete steps by energizing electromagnets in a particular sequence. It has a toothed rotor and stator that interact to change the rotor's position as the coils are pulsed. The step angle is determined by the number of teeth on the rotor and stator. Variable reluctance stepper motors work by altering the magnetic reluctance between the rotor and stator teeth as the coils are energized in sequence, causing the rotor to align in discrete steps.

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manoj
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40 views

Stepper Motors

A stepper motor rotates its shaft in discrete steps by energizing electromagnets in a particular sequence. It has a toothed rotor and stator that interact to change the rotor's position as the coils are pulsed. The step angle is determined by the number of teeth on the rotor and stator. Variable reluctance stepper motors work by altering the magnetic reluctance between the rotor and stator teeth as the coils are energized in sequence, causing the rotor to align in discrete steps.

Uploaded by

manoj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stepper Motors

A stepper motor is a pulse-driven motor that


changes the angular position of the rotor in
steps
Define
= the step angle (per input pulse)
Resolution = the number of steps/revolution
= total angle traveled by the rotor
= X # of steps

n = the shaft speed = ( X fp) / 360


fp = # of pulses/second

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Toothed Rotor and Toothed Stator

Principle of Operation:
Reluctance of the magnetic circuit
formed by the rotor and stator teeth
varies with the angular position of
the rotor
Here, energize coils A and A
(Phase A)
Rotor steps to align rotor teeth 1
and 4 with stator teeth 1 and 5

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Energize coils B and B
(Phase B)
Rotor steps forward
Rotor teeth 3 and 6 align with
Stator teeth 1 and 5
Let Ns = # of teeth on the stator
Nr = # of teeth on the rotor
= Step Angle in space
degrees

Ns Nr
N s N r

360

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Energize Phase C
Rotor steps forward another 15

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Energize Phase D
Rotor steps forward another 15

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Repeat the sequence
Energize Phase A
Rotor steps forward again

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Switching Circuit for the
stepper motor
Close switches in order 1, 2, 3,
and 4 to turn the rotor clockwise
Close switches in reverse order 4, 3, 2, and 1 to change rotation to
the opposite (counter-clockwise)
direction

Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor


Typical Driver Circuit

F = filter block
C = Up/Down Counter
D = Decoder
S = Electronic Switch (transistor)

Typical Switching Circuit


Decoder provides logic
output to turn QA On/Off
Amplifier A conditions
the logic pulses
When QA turns On, it
conducts current in the
motor phase A winding
When QA turns Off, D
and RS conduct current
to discharge the phase
winding

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