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Geankoplis 2.6-4 2.7-4

This document contains the solutions to 5 homework problems from a heat transfer and fluid flow class. Problem 1 involves calculating the average velocity in a laminar flow between two parallel plates. Problem 2 uses mass and salt balances to determine the salt concentration in a mixing tank over time. Problem 3 calculates the average velocity in fully-developed laminar pipe flow. Problem 4 applies the first law of thermodynamics to a steam flow process. Problem 5 uses the mechanical energy equation to determine the pump work required to increase flow through a pipe.

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549 views7 pages

Geankoplis 2.6-4 2.7-4

This document contains the solutions to 5 homework problems from a heat transfer and fluid flow class. Problem 1 involves calculating the average velocity in a laminar flow between two parallel plates. Problem 2 uses mass and salt balances to determine the salt concentration in a mixing tank over time. Problem 3 calculates the average velocity in fully-developed laminar pipe flow. Problem 4 applies the first law of thermodynamics to a steam flow process. Problem 5 uses the mechanical energy equation to determine the pump work required to increase flow through a pipe.

Uploaded by

BenePicar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D.

Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

Homework Assignment Number Three Solutions


Assigned: Wednesday, January 27, 1999
Due: Wednesday, February 3 1999 BEGINNING OF CLASS.
Problem 1. Geankoplis, problem 2.6-4, page 106

v x ( y ) = v max 1

v=

vdA
A

dA

for y o < y < y o

yo

yo W

v x ( y )dzdy

yo 0
yo W

v x ( y )dy

yo

2y o W

dzdy

yo 0

y 3 o
y 2
v max 1 y dy v max y 3 y 2
o y o
yo
o =
v=
2y o
2y o
yo

y o 3

2v max y o
2

3 y o

= 2v max
v ==
2y o
3
Problem 2. Geankoplis, problem 2.6-6, page 107

If we consider a tank as shown in Figure 2..6-5 on page 54, we can write the total mass balance:

acc = in out + / gen / con


Draw the system. Define the control volume.
If we assume no reaction:
Constant flow rates in and out.

acc = in out
dm( t ) &
& out
= min m
dt
m( t
=t)

t
=t

m( t
= 0)

t
=0

& in
) = (m
dm(t

& out )dt


m

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

& in m
& out )t
m( t ) m( t = 0) = (m
& in m
& out )t + m( t = 0)
m( t ) = (m
For the problem specifications:

m( t ) = (900 600 )t + 500 = 300 t + 500 kg


Now look at the weight fraction of salt in the tank by writing a salt balance.

acc = in out

dm( t )w s ( t )
& in w s,in m
& out w s,out
=m
dt
w s (t )

dw s ( t )
dm( t )
& in w s,in m
& out w s,out
+ m( t )
=m
dt
dt

Substitute our result from above for the mass in the tank and the change in mass in the
tank.

dm( t ) &
& out
= min m
dt
& in m
& out )t + m( t = 0)
m( t ) = (m

& in m
& out )+
w s ( t )(m

[(m& in

[(m& in

dw ( t )
& out )t + m(t = 0)] s = m
& in w s,in m
& out w s,out
m
dt

& out )t + m( t = 0)] dw s ( t ) = [


(m& in w s,in m& out w s,out ) w s (t )(m& in m& out )]dt
m

[(m& in w s,in
w s (t
=t)

dw s ( t )
dt
=
& out w s,out ) w s (t )(m
& in m
& out )] [
(m& in m& out )t + m( t = 0)]
m

[(m& w
in s,in

w s (t
=0 )

=t
t
dw s ( t
)
dt
=
& out w s,out ) w s ( t
& in m
& out )] t = 0 [
m
)(m
(m& in m& out )t + m( t = 0)]

Assume tank is well mixed so:

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

w s, out = w s ( t
)
w s ( t
=t)
ws

t
=t
dw s (t
)
dt
=
[

&
&
(m& in m& out )t + m(t = 0)]
= 0 ) min w s,in w s ( t )min ] t
( t
=0 [

& m
& out )t + m( t = 0 )
(m
1 w s,in w s (t )
1
=
ln
ln in

& in w s,in w s ( t = 0 ) (m
& in m
& out )
m
m( t = 0)

& in
m

w s,in w s ( t )
& in m
& out )t + m( t = 0) (m& in m& out )
(m
ln

= ln

=
w

w
(
t
=
0
)
m
(
t
0
)

s
,
in
s

& m
& out )t + m( t =
(m
= in
m(t = 0)
w s ( t = 0)

w s,in w s ( t )
w s,in

& in
m
&
0) (min m& out )

& in
m
(m& in m& out )

m( t = 0)

w s ( t ) = w s,in (w s,in w s ( t = 0 ))
(m

&
&
)

+
=
m
t
m
(
t
0
)
in

out
From the problem specifications:
900

500
300
w s ( t ) = 0.1667 (0.1667 0.05 )

300 t + 500
3

5
w s ( t ) = 0.1667 0.1167

3t + 5

w s ( t = 2) = 0.1667 0.1167
= 0.1557 weight percent salt
+
3
(
2
)
5

Problem 3. Geankoplis, problem 2.7-2, page 107

v x ( y ) = v max 1

for y o < y < y o

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

2v
8v
v = max , v 3 = max
3
27
yo W

v3 =

dA
A

v x

dA

v x = v max

yo

dzdy

yo 0
yo W

v x

yo

2y o W

dzdy

yo

v x

dy
=

dy

yo

2y o

yo 0

2
4
6

y
y y
1 3
y
+ 3
y

y

3
3
5
7 o

v
3
y
3
y
1
y
v 3 = max y 2 + 4 6

2y o 3
y o 5 y o 7 y o

y o
3
3
5
7
yo
yo
v max
yo
1
3
3

= 16 v max 3
v =
+

y o
2
4
6

35
yo
3
y o 5 y o 7 y o

8 v max
3
v
35
27
=
=
=
3
54
v 3 16 v
max
35
Problem 4. Geankoplis, problem 2.7-4, page 107

v2

V
U
+
+
zg

v2

= vA H +
+ zg

t
2

in

v2
&

+ zg
vA H +
+ Q Ws +
2

out

Neglect Kinetic energy. Assume Steady state. Neglect friction.

& = v 1A 1 = v 2 A 2 = q = 1000
m
z 2 z1 = 15.24
Q = 704kW = 704,000J / s

kg
m3

0.189

m3
kg
kg
= 189
= 3.15
min
min
s

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

& = 1.49kW = 1490J / s


W
s
H1 = 390,582J / kg from steam table, linear interpolation
Overall energy balance becomes:

(H2 390582 + 9.8(15.24))] 704000 + 1490


0 = 3.15[
H2 = 167414
From the steam tables, linear interpolation, the outlet temperature is: T2 = 40.0
The enthalpy gain due to the work is: 1490 J/s
1490J / s
J
= 473
kg
kg
3.15
s
Problem 5. Geankoplis, problem 2.7-8, page 108
3

ft 3 m
kg

0.2
= 6. 513
3
s 3.2808 ft
s
m
&
m
6. 513
m
v1 =
=
=
0
.
8879
2
A 1
s

0.0254m
1150 3.548in

4
in

&
m
6.513
m
v2 =
=
=
2
.
616
2
A 2
s

0.0254m
1150 2.067in

4
in

& = v 1A 1 = v 2 A 2 = q = 1150
m

kg

Energy balance just around pump--nothing but pressure, kinetic energy, and work terms:

p v 2
+
+

2
v 2
p =
2 +

0=

& +
gz + W
s

&

W
s

Need the work. Solve mechanical energy balance around entire system:

p v 2

& +
0=
+
+ g z + W
s

2.616 0.8879
ft lbf
J / kg
m

&
0 = 0+
+ 9.8(75 ft )
2.9890
+ Ws + 18
ft lbf
2
lbf
3. 2808ft

lbf

& = 3.0275 224. 03 53.802 = 280.86 Joules/kg done on system.


W
2

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

&
W
280. 86
J
kg

&
&
&
Ws = Wp so Wp = s =
= 401.3 6.513
= 2613 Watts

0. 7
kg
s

& = 2613 Watts hp


W
= 3.50hp
p
745.70 W
Now, we can go back and determine what was the pressure developed across the pump:

2.616 2 0.8879 2

v 2 &

= 458013Pa

W
1150
401
.
3
=

p =
+
s

2
2

1atm
p = 458013Pa
= 4.52atm
101325Pa
Problem 6. Geankoplis, problem 2.7-9, page 108
(a) horizontal flow

& = v 1A 1 = 998
m
v2 =

&
m
=
A 2

m
0. 0254m
kg
1. 676
3. 068in
= 7.978
3
s 4
in
s
m

kg

7.978
2


0.0254m
998 2.067in

4
in

= 3.693

m
s

Energy balance, neglect friction, pipe is horizontal:

p v 2

& +
0=
+
+ g z + W
s

p
v 2
=

v 2
3.693 2 1. 676 2
= 68900Pa 998
= 63496
p 2 = p1
2
2

Pa

(b) vertical flow

0=

p v 2
& +
+
+ gz + W
s

p
v 2
=
gz

2
2
2
v 2

= 68900 998 3.693 1.676 + 9.8 0.457 = 59027 Pa


p 2 = p1
+
g

z
2

Problem 7. Geankoplis, problem 2.7-11, page 109

D. Keffer - ChE 240: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

& = v 1A 1 = v 2 A 2 = q = 1000
m

kg
m3

0.800

m3
kg
= 800
s
s

z 2 z1 = 5 89.5 = 94.5 m
p 2 p1 = 89600 172400 = 82800 Pa
2

v 2 v 1 = 0.0
& = 658000J / s = 739326 J / s
W
s
0. 89
p v 2

& + F
0=
+
+ g z + W
s

2
82800
739326J / s
0=
+ 0 + 9.8 ( 94.5) +
+
1000
800kg / s
F = 84.7 J/kg

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