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1 1 2 A Principles and Elements of Design Applied To Architecture

Visual Design Elements Six integral components used in the creation of a design: Line space color Texture Form and Shape Value Line Types Horizontal - Represents dignity, formality, stability, and strength. Color has an immediate and profound effect on a design. Incorporating the use of space in your design can enlarge or reduce the visual space.

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141 views

1 1 2 A Principles and Elements of Design Applied To Architecture

Visual Design Elements Six integral components used in the creation of a design: Line space color Texture Form and Shape Value Line Types Horizontal - Represents dignity, formality, stability, and strength. Color has an immediate and profound effect on a design. Incorporating the use of space in your design can enlarge or reduce the visual space.

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api-306590034
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Principles and Elements of

Design Applied to Architecture

Civil Engineering and Architecture

2010 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Visual Design Elements


Six integral components used in the
creation of a design:
Line

Space

Color

Texture

Form and Shape

Value

Line
Types
Vertical Represents dignity, formality, stability, and
strength
Horizontal Represents calm, peace, and relaxation
Diagonal Represents action, activity, excitement, and
movement
Curved Represents freedom, the natural, having the
appearance of softness, and creates a soothing feeling
or mood

Vertical Lines

Microsoft Office clipart

The Empire State


Building
Architect: Shreve, Lamb,
and Harmon

Brandenburg Gate
Berlin

Skyscraper
Madrid, Spain

Horizontal Lines
Microsoft Office clipart

Wikimedia.org

Community Christian Church


Kansas City, MO
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright, 1940

Diagonal Lines
Microsoft Office clipart

iStockphoto.com
iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Curved Lines

Microsoft Office clipart

iStockphoto.com

Sydney Opera House


Jorn Utzon

Color
Color has an
immediate and
profound effect on a
design.
iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart

Saint Basils Cathedral


Moscow

Color
iStockphoto.com

Warm Colors
Reds, oranges, yellows
iStockphoto.com

Cool Colors
Blues, purples, greens

Color

iStockphoto.com

Colors can affect how humans feel and act

Form and Shape


Form: (3D)The shape and structure of something as
distinguished from its substance or material.

Shape: (2D)The two-dimensional contour that


characterizes an object or area.

Form and Shape


iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Marie-Elisabeth-Lders-Haus
Berlin, Germany
Oriental Pearl Tower
Shanghai
Architect: Jiang Huan Cheng,
Shanghai Modern Architectural
Design, Co.

Space
By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce
the visual space.

Microsoft Office clipart

Types
Open, uncluttered
spaces
Cramped, busy
spaces
Unused vs. good
use of space

Microsoft Office clipart

iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Texture
The surface look or feel of something
Smooth Surface Reflects more light and
therefore is a more intense color.
Rough Surface Absorbs more light and
therefore appears darker.

Smooth Texture

iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Glass faade of a high


rise office building

Exterior metal faade of Disney Concert Hall


Los Angeles

Rough Texture

iStockphoto.com

Park Guell Barcelona, Spain


Architect: Antonio Gaud

iStockphoto.com

Value
The relative lightness or darkness of a color

Methods
Shade Degree of darkness of a color
Tint A pale or faint variation of a color

Value
iStockphoto.com

Downtown buildings in Bangalore, India

Visual Design Principles


Seven principles encompass an interesting
design.
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Proportion and scale
Movement
Contrast
Unity

Balance
Parts of the design are equally distributed to create
a sense of stability. Both physical and visual
balance exist.
Types
Symmetrical or formal balance
Asymmetrical or informal balance
Radial balance
Vertical balance
Horizontal balance

Balance
Symmetrical or Formal Balance
The elements within the design are identical in
relation to a centerline or axis.
iStockphoto.com

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum


Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

Balance
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Parts of the design are not identical but are equal
in visual weight.

Wikipedia.org

Chateau de Chaumont
Saone-et-Loire, France

Balance
Radial Balance
Design elements radiate outward from the center.
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart

Dresden Frauenkirche
Deresden, Germay

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II


Milan, Italy
Architect: Giuseppe Mengoni

Balance
Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.

Microsoft Office clipart

Balance
Horizontal Balance
The parts on the left and right sides are equal.
istockphoto.com

Hearst Castle
SanNunnery
Simeon, CA
Chi Lin Buddhist Temple and
Kowloon City, Hong Kong Architect: Julia Morgan

Microsoft Office clipart

iStockphoto.com

Building faade
Limberg, Germany

Balance

Wikipendia.org

Rhythm
Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture
or pattern
Types
Regular rhythm
Graduated rhythm
Random rhythm
Gradated rhythm

Rhythm
Regular Rhythm
An element is repeated at the same
repetition/interval each time.
Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart

Cube house design


Rotterdam, Netherlands

Microsoft Office clipart

Rhythm
Random Rhythm
The beats of the
element are random
or are at irregular
intervals.

Rhythm
Gradated Rhythm
The repeated element is identical with the
exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition.
Microsoft Office clipart

Left: Stack of rocks used


as focal point in
landscaping

Right: The Chinese Tower


English Gardens
Munich, Germany
www.wikimedia.org

Microsoft Office clipart

Wikipedia.org

Emphasis
The feature in a design that
attracts ones eye the
focal point
Emphasis can be
achieved through size,
placement, shape, color,
and/or use of lines

Ceiling mosaic in Park Gruell


Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart

Mosque - Egypt

Proportion and Scale


Microsoft Office clipart

Comparative
relationships between
elements in a design
with respect to size

3:5 ratio is known as


the Golden Mean

Movement
Microsoft Office clipart

Flow or feeling of action

Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart

Contrast
Noticeably different

Can be created with


Color
Proportion and scale
Shape
Texture
Etc.

iStockphoto.com

Unity
Unity is achieved by the consistent use of lines,
color, material, and/or texture within a design.

iStockphoto.com

iStockphoto.com

Unity
iStockphoto.com

iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Image Resources
Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from
http://office. microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx
Wikipedia. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org
iStockphoto. Retrieved January 7, 2009 from
http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php

References
The Empire State Building Official Internet Site (n.d.). Retrieved
January 7, 2009, from http://www.esbnyc.com/
Great Buildings. (2009). Retrieved January 7, 2009, from
www.greatbuildings.com.
Heart Castle Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument. (2009).
Retrieved January 7, 2009, from www.hearstcastle.org

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