STEP UP TO IELTS VANESSA JAKEMAN and CLARE McDOWELL tudent’s Book CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSListening Reading Writing Working cut the topic | Short-ansmer questions ‘Short-answer questions 2 “What's onthe menu? — Vern cat te stston i Understanding destin _ Step op to IELTS Section 1 Frm ling Inrducsion and toe of ters Sabin and endings of ters pening and closing ketrs Introduction to skiing and scaning ‘Skimming and scanning shor tracts Step op to ELIS Sht-answerquastins and motile matching g : 8 . : Cine Desi en ain | een rs rhs Stemi man es feo es St ELS Serres cophtn | terme ere eng pp | Understanding opinions an easons | ton Deseibing tables Using compaatvs to describ trends and highlight details tp up t IELTS Gonera ling Task 1 @ ea is bliss Went ends Maipe-coce graphs a @ “Fitas a fiddle | Listening for spe infaton Step pt LS Secion2 | fod | ene Faliowng a sequence of evens ‘Sta pt IELTS Flow chat / ote ‘ampletion Trends ad verb tnses Desenga bar chart using the caect tense / vet frm Step up to IELTS Academic Task 1 Describing a bar chart Forming ideas Brainstorming opposing ideas ting paregreps Deseing the data using noun | i phrases | | ‘Step up t ELIS Paragraph heatngs | yaasauey | * i | i | | seeveponeenenyesetnte anes aeeprnennenpestceeerse —__ Fecopising the stuctre of passage Step apo IELTS Tre Fas / Not Gen | Summary wth bor | Comparing data Describing bar charts Hihigningsigitcat features ‘Dealing winger passages ‘Step upto ETS Picking fom a ist Tue / False / Nat Given Global muti choice ‘Step opt LTS Seton 3 Saletng words from a ist Matching ‘Step upto IELTS Section 4 Nt competion Picture mutpl-chic questions entiyng in and supporting ideas in paragraphs ulpe-choie uestons Paragraph bling | Balancing our vows ‘Analysing the question ‘Step upt IELTS Academic and oneal Taning iting ask 2 fp Miorastcansee | ‘Short-answer questions Recognising feings and entiying Summary ‘Stop up ELIS Matching pope to statements Dealing wth research-based tds / | l jessie oneness Following te wite's argument Refering back ‘Step up toIELTS Locating information in| Checking an anser paragraphs i Task 2: For and against Organising you ansner | Witing a complete answer Understanding the writer's views ‘Step upto ETS Yes/No / Nat Given Si pecan penn ieLanguage / Grammar IELTS Test practice ntaducng yours ‘9 and ploy READING General ining Section 1 Talking abet your hobbies and interests ‘Advts and expressions of fequeney Shor-ansner questions Step up to IELTS Speaking Part 1 ng and -edacectves Matching information to paragraphs Agreeing and disareing i really, so, very Expressing likes and dislikes ‘too + for / to [READING Academic Section 1 Usha ical egress, sao an ward sess | s/c. that Sentence emgebon Giving @ full answer Past continuous for change of plans ‘Muitiple-choice questions: Shaner uss 3 Use oft passe UsTeMnSecn 1 1 Table and note completion 7 Expressing preferences Comparative and superlative adjectives WRITING Academic Task 1 i eters, on eter rd Desig a Bogan H Eien eng wo and yl oes |= ire ess RING Gen ing sk 1 WRITING Acad Task 1 Desrtinga graph and pie chat Tenses for Whiting Task 1 re = ii Pronunciation check ed endings aration and past tenses READING General ining Section 2 Tain fo one minute seo + ifitve Setece compton Paresh headings ‘Sip op ELS Speaking Pat 2 ‘il woud (adonas Vand 2) READING Academic Seton 2 can fou Paragraph beading Noun pases Summary Sto-ansnerqustins pang jour answer — gg eens Linkers so, because, because of as, since USTENING Secon 2 Part review ‘Supetatve forms Ne and tbl competon Likes ao, 25 wel, to, ower, srry soresing adjusting views Tense revson ‘WRITING Gea Taig Task 2 Part2revew Simpl ast present pact and presen perfect | (Tis also asutabe practice fr Academie continuous ia.) 25 bg as / rove that Sep pt ELTS Speaking Pat 3 ‘vet omaton and use SPEAKING Test Discussing abstract topes stop + ne LISTENING Secton3 Pronunciation check: / pe / and /¥/ stop | prevent rm + ing sting Tete competon Stort-ansver questions Campari and contasting WRITING Academic Task2 Supporting vew (iss ako a sual practice fo General = Protuciatin cack: cotrctins Tang Wing) 4 “7 Exressing etngs and oprons SPEAKING Test Fa Tahing about tere this tese + vom LISTENING Secbon 8 i "| Prec and speculating such (aan + noun Labeling diagan Pronunciation check: word sbass Note and diagram competion Language quiz Indirect iaiements with and whether READING Academic Secton 3 Expressing certainty or dub es /No / Not Gen lndect statements Classification Muliple-coiei Wake a break Part 1: Introductions At the start ofthe Speaking test, the examiner will ask you some questions about yourself. First, you will have to give your name and tell the examiner where you come from. Then you will have to talk about your homie town or what you do. @9 1 Find out where your partner comes from and why they are leaming English. Also, find out if they have any hobbies. Report your findings like this: a ? | ( Roberto tain. He enjoys fishing and basketball. > | QUuesriow staerees | Where do you Why are you | What hobbies do you . Ping comes from Beiing in China.) She's learning English because she wants to go to London to study engineering.) Talking about your hobbies and interests After you have introduced yourself, the examiner will ask you some general questions about yourself. These may include questions about your hobbies and interests. © 2 Look at the pictures a-h and name the activities €9 3 Decide which verb, go or play, goes with which activity. Can you explain why? Talk about how often you do each activity. Example: / usually go skiing in winter. | often play soccer with friends 4 Why can't you use go or play with activities i-n below? Name the activites. TS ed ADVERES never often rarely usually occasionally frequently sometimes regularly EXPRESSIONS every day/veek/month once a weel/month’year now and aga ©@9) 5 say how often you do activities a-n and if you enjoy them or not. Example: | use the computer every evening. | really love it.Unit 1 Take a break -ing and -ed adjectives 1 Complete the speech bubbies below. 5 and -ed adjectiv Adjectives ending in ~ing are often used to describe something, e.g, This TV programme is boring. Adjectives ending in -ed are often used to say how you feel, e.g. I'm bored. 2 Complete the table of -ing and -ed adjectives opposite. Then use some of the words to complete the speech bubbles below. boring a Professor Johnson is an (tm ) ee Pal lecturer. by dinosaurs.) _satshing - i interested £ intates revolting i 1 This food is (its when) [| you manage to find al (the answers - eee eee Right now Im watching Tv. tts 1m atraid fm not with this new phone. _ ) F You cannot use very with adjectives that already have Using really, so and very absolute meaning such as fascinating or revolting, You can add emphasis to your ~ed and -ing - adjectives by adding really, so or very. Do you enioy reading?) (% 0. | find | Example: | was really bored. The film was so \ itvery relaxing. ) ninteresting. ae se 9 3 talk about which of the activities on page 6 you enjoy and which ones you don't enjoy. Try using some of the adjectives above with very and really to give a reason. Example (Do you like playing \_ {computer games? ‘Not much. | find») them realy boringit 1 Toke a break Working out the topic In Section 1 of the Listening test, you will hear two people exchanging information on an everyday subject. The first thing you need to know when you do any listening exercise is what the talk or conversation is about. This is called the ‘topic’. You will need to listen out for details and basic facts. 1 Which hobbies do these pictures show? 2 Make list ofthe sports, games and hobbies that people in your class do or enjoy watching and the items or equipment that you use for these. 3 Look atthe list a-j in exercise 4 below and write down all the words you know associated with each hobby or pastime. (Don’t write on the table.) @® 4 tisten to seven short conversations. Decide what sport or hobby the speakers are talking about and write the number of each conversation in the appropriate box. There are more sports and hobbies listed here than you will need. conversation clues actives Stamp colectng Running Te Chess d_Tennis 1 court, opponent, match, sets exhausted t Football Water polo Gardening. h_ Fishing Surfing |__ Reading (® 5 tisten to the conversations again. In the column labelled clues, write the words that helped you to do the task. ® 6 Now tisten again and make a note of al the adjectives which describe how the speakers themselves feel about the activities OR how they describe these activities. (@ 7 tisten to a man on a radio programme talking about his hobby. [Answer the questions below using no more than three words and/or a number for each answer. 2 Name one ordinary hobby that the interviewer mentions. > What is the man’s hobby? - © What is the minimum age to start learnin 4 What does he most enjoy about it? © What does he compare himself to? ole:Unit 1 Take a break Sfato) IELTS SPEAKING pser: After you have introduced yourself in Part 1, the examiner will ask you some short questions about yourself based on different topics, for example, sport Follow these steps to help you prepare for this. Step 1 ©) Ask and answer the following questions about sport. Practise using some of the words from the question to help you phrase your answer. ‘© What's your favourite sport? # When did you first become interested in it? + How often do you participate in this sport? # What equipment do you need for this sport? * Where do you do this sport? Example: My favourite sport is tennis football/swimming. Sr | first became interested in it when | was at school / last year. Test tip | go/play every Sunday / once a week Iteften helps to use You don't need much equipment, just a racket / ball / pair of goggles. \, the same verb tense / As you listen, note any mistakes that your partner makes. ) Give them some feedback and then swap over. Record yourselves, if you can. — Step 2 In Speaking Part 1 you may be asked negative questions, for example What don't you enjoy? Be prepared to give a negative answer. You can also ty to vary your answers by ‘including information about things you don’t do. 9) Think of a sport that you don't enjoy. Answer this question: What don't you lke about it? Think of three negative answers to this question: What don't you doin your spare time? Example: | don't usually watch TV in my spare time. GRAMMAR | | | | don't get up before 10 o'clock on my day off. ‘4 | aed or do not / don't + verb I don’t go to work on Satu I don't like going on holiday on my own. Step 3 When the examiner has finished asking questions about the fst topic, he or she wil move on to anather general topic: Listen carefully so that you recognise the change in topic. 1 2) ins ig = | | Now, les move on to tak about hatdeys ..) OR (Lets tak about shopping @9) Here are some more questions to work on. Make sure you give a full answer. \ You may begin your answer with the words Yes or No but you must say [a os a ays something more so that you show the examiner what you can say. | personel and fier. } Abst tops are © Is there anything you don't like doi holiday? not discussed in this * Do you prefer to spend your holidays alone or with others? Why? # What is your favourite holiday activity? © How do you feel about going shopping? * Do you like buying clothes or goods on thie Internet? Why? / Why not? © What don't you like about shopping? Step 4 @ Listen to the recording of a model Part 1 of the Speaking test.Unit 1 Take a break Introduction to skimming and scanning -ademic or a General Train S Reading test in one hour. tan ide pic orto locate a particular. 2s and the general layout. For example, you scan a newspaper to find ar found it, you can skim the article to get an idea of what itis about able to skim and scan andidate, you need to b Whether you are an well in order to You can sean a text heading, pictu want. Once you hai 1 Look at the pictures below and decide whether you would skim or scan in these situations. jon. You do this by naticing ticle hat did the reviewer think ofthe fm? —_) Is this the section of the library where Id find English books? Where is that \ B Mozart cor ) —— oO Are there any twobedroom apartments for rent? /Z km | free on Tuesday 10th Juy? ) Te tastes too cooked in all that oil After a game of football I need a really drink Wow, this curry’s almost too That was such a be hungry again for a while. I'm afraid drinks just make me sneeze. Let's ask for for me meal, I don't think Il Ugh, this coffee is too They make these crisps so ~ then you ¢ €9 7 Ask each other questions about the food and drink below. Try to give additional information or a reason in your reply. Use intonation, word stress and facial expression to help you communicate. Weotten use the |) verb find to discuss opinion on fod. (How cit yo ym the box in exercise 5. that The meal was foo spicy for me (to eat too + adjective + for + someone (to + verb) too, so/such The meal was so spicy that I couldn’ eat it s0 + adjective + that It was such a spicy meal that I couldn't eat it such + article + adjective + noun + that drink m ‘QUESTION sranrERS TE Have youevertried 2 | Pigg pretty How was it / were they? | terribly fairly What dovdid you think of ..? (2h) me How do/did you find... | Sather Yeah - | had them once from a take-away restaurant Have you ever tried noodles? } | ponent | ile find them? ) (Erm, | wasnt very keen on them. They were so salty that! couldnt finish them. ) { were so salty that | couUnit 2 What's on the menu? Working out the situation The JELTS Listening test has four s section you need to work out the topic, where the speakers are and what the situat quickly as possible. Thi y answer the questio ©@9) 1 Ask and answer these questions. > When did you last eat a cooked > What did you have? » Who cooked it? > Where did you have it? ns. In 8a nis, as ore easily I? (@ 2 Listen to seven short conversations and decide where the speakers are. ‘iain oun vecnnaed Write the number of each Se ee i conversation in the appropriate box, | — =" Listen to the conversations again. abate Write the words that help you oo decide where the speakers are in peg Colegs content the column labelled clues. A i order, chefs (@® 3 Listen to a young woman talking to a friend on the phone about a meal that she ate recently. Answer the questions as you listen. When did she go out to dinner? Who was with her? Where did they go? 4) What did Martin eat? What did she eat for the first time? What did she drink? (@ 4 Listen again to the recording from exercise 3. As you listen, jot down all the verbs you hear. Then answer the questions, bd Test tip Sections 1 and 2 ofthe Lstenig test test your understanding of socia/ everday situations, while Sections 3 and 4 have an ‘educational context 2 Which tense is used most? Why? b Did they plan to go to the Italian café or the Japanese restau What tense does the speaker use to talk about her plan? What tense does she use to talk about what happened after that? < (® 5 Listen once more to the recording from exercise 3 and fill in the gaps below. 1 them to my favourite Italian café was fully booked so we yes, the Napoli ... but it _ the new Japanese restaurant 9 6 Now think of three diferent situations in your life when you planned to do one thing, but eventually did something else. Work with a partner and tell him/her about these situations like this: Iwas going to but | ended up instead.J = Unit 2 What's on the menu? ACADEMIC READING Section 1 You are advised 10 spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below Food for thought Nowadays, you not only are what you eat; you R&D* what you eat. 0 cajole nervous students into the chemistry Z laboratory, teachers used to say that the subject was like cooking. These days, itis truer to. say that cooking is ike chemistry. In a cutthroat ‘market, food companies are unwiling to leave | anything to chance. They must constantly | formulate new flavours, ingredients and | processing methods i they are to keep abreast of | their competitors As a result, their research laboratories have never been busier. A study published in November by a trade magazine showed that 42% of the 334 food manufacturers suveyed had plans to increase their RD budgets by atleast 15% in the coming year; only 3% said that their R&D budgets would drop. This money has spurred the development of new ideas in food technology To lower cost or improve texture, food manufacturers often have to replace one substance | | by another that tastes nothing like it. One popular substitution is soya protein for met. In addition to being cheaper than meat, soya has (atleast in America) the added advantage of being marketable. The country’s Food and Drug Administration, which regulates such matters, has recently decided that if a foodstuff contains more than 6.25g of soya per serving, manufacturers can state on is label that eating soya may reduce the risk of heart disease. That is a nice bonus. Uncogged arteries are not, however, the main point of eating hamburgers. Flavour is. So, to find out how far hamburgers can be ‘extended’ with soya, Keith Cadwallader of the University of llinois at Urbana-Champaign analysed differences between the aromas of pure beef hamburgers and those containing 25% soya protein. Surprisingly (and gratifingly), adcing a bit of soya to a hamburger may actually improve its flavour. The | mixed burgers had higher levels of certain sulphurcontaining compounds that are believed to augment the meaty notes’ in @ burgers aroma. (On the other hand, the research of Margaret Hinds at Oklahoma State University shows what a fine line there is between temptation and disdain. Using a group of 81 untrained testers, she conducted a comparison of five commercially available burgers made from soya | | (and one made from beef, as @ contol. The hue, the firmness and the chewiness of tie | | burgers correlated with how acceptable they were to consumers. Not surprisingly, consumers preferred burgers that had characteristics close to those of beef. Only one soya based burger was close enough to pass muster. Food, and its consumers, are notoriously subject to fads. This year, flavour makers are insisting that bolder tastes are in fashion. FitoLay, a snack food maker, has recently launched line of ‘gourmet’ crisps designed to appeal tothe more disceming consumer. The company's laboratory started by generating 300 flavours, inciucing Thai curry, biue cheese, | lemongrass and tandoori chicken. Eight ofthese flavours made ito the final round and, ater “shor for Research and Development (normaly @ company departmentUnit 2 What's on the menu? getting 400 consumers to sample them, Frito-Lay decided to mass-produce only four: cheddar ‘and jalapeno; garlic and herb; barbecue; and something referred to as ‘classic’. This quartet seemed to please the American palate most. That sort of market research, though, is both time-consuming and expensive. It would speed things up, and probably cut costs, if it could be mechanised. To a certain extent, it can be. Cheddar cheese, coffee and tea researchers are all exploring the use of electronic roses to rate their foodstuffs. Simple versions of such devices employ a set of sensors made of special polymers linked to electrodes. The volatile compounds that make up an aroma cause these polymers to change shape, which alters the resistance to the current passing through the electrodes. The result is an electrical fingerprint’ of an aroma. So far, the electronic noses developed by firms such as Alpha MOS, of Toulouse, France, have worked best for quality-control purposes. These machines compare products’ aroma- fingerprints with preprogrammed standards that are known to correspond with what people have said that they like. And the range of senses that can be substituted electronically has now been extended to include taste as well as smell. Recently, Alpha MOS has launched a second analyser — an electronic ‘tongue’ that can fingerprint the compounds dissolved in a sample of liquid. The machine is accurate enough to work out, for example, whether the vanilla extract in a sample originated in India or in Malaysia. Even in culinary matters, however, the proof of the pudding is not always in the eating The success of a food product also depends on the cleverness of its marketing. To this end McCormick, a flavouring company based in Maryland, has commissioned a ‘craveabilty’ study from Moskowitz and Jacobs, a market-esearch firm in White Plains, New York. The intention is to discover which descriptions of particular foods most induce craving in ‘consumers. The preliminary results show that for fastfood hamburgers, the descriptions rated as most enticing were ‘a grilled aroma that surrounds a thick burger on a toasted bun’ ‘and ‘lots of grilled bacon and cheese covering on a lightly toasted bun’. Other blurbs, such ‘as ‘with horseradish sauce’ and ‘when it’s cold outside and the burger is warm and inviting’ ‘actually put people off hamburgers. And thet was before they knew what was in them. Questions 1-3 Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer ‘The writer compares food production to 1 ‘Two of the aspects of food production that are regularly updated by food companies are 2 and 3 Questions 4-8 Choose the correct letter A, B, C oF D. | 4 What did the trade magazine study show about research into food? A It costs more than it used to, B It is more important than it used to be. | C Ithelps food manufacturers save money. D It is the most important area of food production. aUnit 2 What's on the menu? Keith Cadwallader’s research indicated that people A welcome a healthier type of burger. B have become used to cating less meat C cannot tell the difference between soya and meat D prefer the smell of bu 6 Which aspect of bu A their size B their texture C the benefits on health D the ingredients used 77 What does the writer say about Frito-Lay’s new types of crisp? A Each type appeals to different people. B Each type includes a mix of flavours. C They have a more unusual taste than other erisps. D They have replaced other, less popular crisps. x that contain some soya. ers did Margaret Hinds ask her testers to compare? 8 The company McCormick are most interested in A ways of describing food. B popular types of food. C producing more hamburgers. D win ng more customers, Questions 9-13 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 9 What food products are being explored using an electronic nose? 10 Which quality of a food product does the nose respond to? 11 In.which area of food production has Alpha MOS used electronic noses most successfully? 12 Which other mechanical aid has Alpha MOS developed? ea have Seema ra hree reading passages in one hou 13 What food product has been * You only have 20 minutes for e successfully tested using this aid? passage so you need to use yo Remember skimming and scanning skills well © You will get a variety of question types in each reading section. proach ‘© Read the article and sub-heading to get a good idea of what the passage is about * For these three question types underline key words in the questions and sean for e oF a similar word d around the key words carefully to find the answer to the question.Understanding description Listening for detail is an essential skill. It enables you to answer questions based on numbers, colour or shape, and to differentiate one object from “= @9 1 Ask and answer these questions. ee with the saying “Travel broadens the > Do you enjoy travelling? Why? / Why not? Tell me about the best place you've ever visited 2 Look at the useful words in the box and label Useful words iather. GS = the diferent parts of this sultcase. TYPES OF wGGAGE | Test tip hag. suitease case | InP 2 Selig shaw tet you maybe ated aoe oF describe an object or leather sameting tat you ova or would oom a exrrAs. | handle strap wheels pocket buckle zip name t plastic 3 Look at the luggage on the carousel below. Find examples of each of the following types of luggage: 1 suitcase 2 rucksack 3 A briefease 5 case ai What sort of person might own each of these bags? What kind of trip do you think they have been on? s 8 © 4 Describe some of the bags to your partner. Use the words in the bor without mentioning the colour. Did your partner know which bag you were describing? Example: It's a small plastic case with a handle and a shoulder strap. 9) 5 Do you have a travel bag? Say what it looks tke. @ 6 tisten to the recording. You will hear six conversations. Decide which bag on the carousel the speakers are talking about in each conversation. Write the key words which help you to decide.To get going €9) To practise writing names and numbers, ‘ask your partner for the following information and write down the answers. If you cannot spell something, ask them to spell it out for you. » today’s date > your partner’ full name > Your partner’s birthday > an important phone number for your partner >the name and date of an important festival in your partner's home country Step 1 ©) Take 1 minute to lok atthe Lost Lugage Claim Form and decide what kind of words you will need to listen for. Make a note of these in the far right column before you listen. Step 2 (@_ Listen to someone who has lost some luggage and complete questions 1-5. / Step 3 Now look at questions 6-10 on the Description of Lost Property form below. IELTS LISTENING secriow 1 There are ten questions in each section of the Listening test. In Section 1, you will often have to answer questions that test your understanding of numbers, names and factual descriptions. It is ‘important to be able to note these down quickly. Important names will be spelt for you on the recording. Remember that you will only hear the recording ONCE. Unit 3 On the road Test tip You wil nays \ hear an example fst Nin Section 1. IELTS LISTENING TASK =<" Questions 1-5 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE TH. WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer: LOST LUGGAGE CLAIM FORM. THREE type of word Example eg. @ name DeMrftMs Passenger's name ght no. ia Coming No. ofitems lost tho bags i roe b Test tip». [sou oot { ‘everything correctly. If you | Write a date wrongly (e.g. \\, 22th November), you wil femieny Draw an arrow to show the direction in which you should read the form. Also, look at the headings on the form so that you know what you have to listen out for. DESCRIPTION OF LOST PROPERTY lost item size colour made of additional information paral ad. Phagnn aint vs peste [7 bag 2 medium sized 8 9 10 Step 4 Sre Test ti tip (@)_ Listen to the second part of the conversation and complete the form. HELIS questions anays |, folio the orerin which |\ you hear the information / \\ on the recording.Unit 3 On the road A JOURNEY UP THE MEKONG RIVER By Brett Blai By the time the Mekong River flows into the South Chi it has been worshipped, poll for legitims way. The Himalayas and ends in the de Chi Minh City in Vietnam, which is where our jou began, We were headed first for a town called Can Tho, the biggest city in the delta area, Sea, it has crossed six countries. In the process «purified and used 2 as well as illegal commerce along the Mekong has its beginnings in the Tibetan 1 to the south of E To get there, our car had to cross the Mekong at a place called Binh Minh, where a line of vehicles a kilometre long waited to squeeze on board one of four Scandinavian-built ferries. The river was perhaps 800 ‘metres wide at this point and alive with traffic. On the awe the car behind and cross on the first available ferry and then \wait for the car on the other side advice of our driver, we decided t We spent most of the 10-minute journey gently trying to avoid the people selling um, drinks, fruit and other snacks. The ferry docked on the outskirts of ul as there was no sign of the ea, we set hotel on foot In the morning, we headed off for Chan Doe, the last major town before the Cambodian border. The delta had once been part of the great Khmer E: nd the last portion of Indochina to be incorporated into Vietnam. By mid morning the streets of every town were crammed with schoolchildren returning home — and blue uniforms, nt traditional primary students in their whi secondary schoolgirls in their ele Viet xyes in stately fashion ‘This was Teachers’ Day throughout Viet students attend school to thank their teachers with presents and festivities and then head home again. The major effect was to produce a huge blue and white traffic jam 1, when Getting the gist [tis important to do a quick read of the passage to get an overall idea ofits content To get going 9) 1 Discuss what you already know about the Mekong River. > Where is it? > Which coun ss does it flow through? First reading a ©) 2 Take 5 minutes to skim the text and answer these questions. Where would you find an article like this? What is th Who might ain purpose of the article? ad an article of this type? Whaat is the writer's overall impression of the Mekong delta? Second reading (2) 3 Take 3 minutes to scan the text for the following detail. The writer mentions five forms of ‘transport’. What are they? Chau Doc appeared to be a model town, Situated amoi vividly coloured rice fields with the Sam Mountain in the background, it was the perfeet market with the perfect produce in this amazing land Buddhism is one of the great religions of Vietnam and Mountain is a major pilgrimage centre. The road tain with its spectacular view over the fields to the Cambodian border is ste but ahvays busy with pedestrians. We sat on the wall of a pavilion at the summit n, and ‘enjoyed the sunset over the flooded rice fields below, listening to the distant sounds of life from a village at the foot of the mounta p and winding, When it was time to join the river again for the journey to Phnom Penh, there were only four passengers so instead of the leisurely ride I'd imagined, we climbed conto a speedboat and took our seats. At first we went slowly a als and there was time to enjoy the View of houses on stilts, sitting high and dry above the ‘mud, but as soon as we entered the Mekong again, the driver tured up the speed. No matter how wide the river ~ and in places it was more than a kilometre ~ we rushed headlong towards any oncoming vessel and then, at the last moment, veered to one side or the other! We were all very relieved to reach the border post at Vinh Xu ig. where we were able to disembark,Unit 3 On the road Step upto IELTS READING summary compterion There are two types of summary question in the IELTS test. Sometimes you have to find the answers in the passage and sometimes you have a box of answers to choose from. (See page 66.) TBE J Test tip / mall ELIS reading tasks, thampelsain bs \ pasag tt fom soo “impressions about the article and gs ae Ki \, Sal yo ay \\ wits view nthe topic. / — Step 1 © Take 5 minutes. Look at the handwritten notes in boxes Which relate to the first two questions in the summary. Skim the passage on page 24 to find the answers to these first two questions. Step 2 ©) Take 7 minutes. Now write a question in your own words for each of the remaining spaces 3 to 9. Step 3 fry © Take 5 minutes. Re-read the passage to find the words which answer your new questions and complete the summary. You must use words which are in the original passage. Step 4 Check your answers carefully. + Have you spelt all the words correctly? Look in the passage to check. + Have you used three words or less for each answer? Where did is Journey begin? Sirest tip. | Summaries often test | pra acest a the passage. / IELTS READING TASK Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer: SUMMARY Hos mary The Mekong River runs through 1 i, eee countries before it finally reaches the sea. The writer Yrreugh? describes his journey up the river, starting out from the city Pot 2 in the south of Vietnam. At first, they went by 3 before catching a ferry across the river. From there they travelled 4 and spent the night in a hotel before heading out the next morning for Chau Doe. The next day turned out to be a special day for 5 in Vietnam, so the town was full of 6 Not far from Chau Doc is the 7 which is a major centre for Buddhist pilgrims. The view from the top of the mountain was 8 and they could see the Cambodia border in the distance. The last leg of their river joumey proved quite frightening because of the 9 of the boat, so everyone was very relieved when they disembarked at Vinh Xuorbut you do need to begin Unit 3 On the road Academic Writing Task 1: Describing a process or diagram Jn Academic Writing Task 1 you may be asked to describe a process or explain how something works based on a diagram. You should write clearly and divide your answer into short paragraphs. 1 : a ee The pictures below show how someone can be tracked using an electronic tracking device. Write « report for a university lecturer | describing the Satellite monitors cage Iie . cas Fp Location shows up | -” ‘on Internet website. | | | eer oo 2 Think about how you will answer the question above. Decide how many stages ee the process includes, Test tip Do you need a separate paragraph for each stage? Write an opening aiaincaaraie paragraph stating what the diagram is about. You should say: (Siamese pesto ee =) > what the diagram illustrates |, dant copy word for > how many stages there are in the process 2 \, Word. Bess the ie in y GRAN ‘aiferen way Use of the passive ~~ The passive is commonly used when writing about a process or describing how something works, where the emphasis is on the subject or action, rather than on the person doing the action, For example: The tracking device is used to locate missing people. r GRAMMAR The messages are transmitted to a mobile phone. . ae ‘The device con bu RGSS AE cae > Forming the passive This technology has been adopted by walkers and explorers. | Verb be + past participle Auxiliary or modal verb + be + past participle 3 Now write the rest of the answer using this framework and the Notes to help you. | PARAGRAPH 2 The first stage in the tracking process is to hide the device (the 1 Look at picture A. 2&3 Use verb fo be + pas ‘ke te place such as a tracker) in an appropriate place such as a 1 eerense us The location of the device 2 by satellite verbs in the diagram. PARAGRAPH 3 4 Look ab picture B. Test tip A message 3 from the device toa 5 No need to repeat the ve Remember you do not have | - It is received and then to be here. to ive an opinion in Task, |, 6 Use the information in } as a text message to a iaane'cn ‘nd end yor wing | 6 indicating exactly where the person is. 7, 8 & 9 Picture D can help pete His or her location can also be picked upon 7 PARAGRAPH4 = The device is able to provide details such as the name of the Sus up by saying something 8 ‘or pinpoint a specific place on a 9 + | about the usefulness of su PARAGRAPH 4 a device, based only on wh you can see in the diagramUnit 3 On the road 1S Test prattions 5 LISTENING Section 1 Questions 1-6 Complete the table using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. | [tesa rie F Ji | Example | East Coast Bunkhouse $5.90... / night | Backpackers S minutes to beach 3 Cabins at $11.00 / night or package 1 with = 2 | air_conditioning Emu Park Weekly cost to share room Rooms overlooking Good for Hostel beach have 4 5 6 Questions 7-10 Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer East Coast Backpackers’ Hostel address: 7 Road. | Bus will have words 8 written on the front | Computer access costs 9 | Shop stocks things like 10 and | Remember! | * Listening Section 1 is always a dialogue. It may have two | parts with a short break between these | * The topic for Section 1 is social or general, with one speaker often seeking information from the other. + The questions here are table completion and note completion, but there are other types of questions. + There is always a sample answer at the start of Section 1 * You will never need to write more than three words for each answer. Approach + Before the recording begins, read the questions carefully and try to predict the type of words you will need. * You may be asked to spell a person's name or a place name in Section 1. You must do this accurately. Practise saying and writing the letters of the alphabet. + Be aware of expressions such as ‘double d’ as in middle or ‘capital $’ as in Singapore.ll at sea Expressing preferences In any par ofthe Speaking test you may need to talk about or discuss your preferences. 1 Try saying this well known tongue twister: = She sells sea shells on the sea shore. "== @9 2 Ask and answer these questions. > Do you live near the sea » How do you feel when you are near the sea? > What do you like/dislike about the sea? > Would you like to live on an island? Why? / Why not? 3 Look at the box of nouns opposite which are all related to the sea. 5 > Choose three words to be category headings. (The first is done for you.) dyeyedy > Decidl i, words belong to. Some words may f not sure of Make sure you can explain how you categorised the words, boat captain cargo ewerents dolphin lifeguard lighthouse — marine life oceans octopus ong » which category the rem: into more than one. Look up any words you plankton rocks sailor salt zed sand seaweed shark shell currents ship shipping shore — tide wave prefer When you use the verb prefer you can follow it with noun or an -ing verb, e.g, I prefer bicycles to cars I prefer cycling to driving ©9) 4 Ask and answer questions about some of the topics below. Give a reason for your preference. Example: Which do you prefer») going to a beach or going toa swimming pool? _y—S (Oh, | prefer the beac (E tts more exciting. ( Tprefer going to a swimming pool. | think i's safer and you can usually go all year round. Sint ip> a aseaside or mot holiday swimming in a river or the sea Try to give an extra ravelling by boat or plane snorkelling or scuba-diving piece of information in ee eee be ne - the sea or a alt Pat of the Specking sharks or dolphins eating on the beach or in a restaurant EES sabe!Skimming for main ideas Unit 4 Al at sea In the IELTS Reading test, you may be asked to recognise the main idea or ideas in a text You can do this by skimming the text quicily and forming a general overview of the ideas. 1 Take 20 seconds. Run your eyes very quickly over this text. Then close your book. What do you think the text is about? Where would you expect to find a text of this type? How many words can you remember? A Most of our planet is covered by water. The great basins between the continents, in which all this water lies, are actually more varied than the surface of the land. The highest mountain on earth, Everest, would fit into the deepest part of the ocean with its Peak a kilometre beneath the surface. On the other hand, the biggest mountains in the sea are so huge that. they rise above the surface of the ‘waters to form chains of islands. B ——— ‘The sea was first formed when the cearth began to cool soon after its birth and hot water condensed on its surface. This early water was not pure, like rainwater, but contained _ significant {quantities of chlorine, iodine and nitrogen, as well as other rarer substances. Since then, other ingredients have been added. As continental rocks weather and erode, they produce salts which are carried down to the sea by the rivers. So, over millions of years, the sea has been getting saltier and saltier. © 2 take 2 minutes. Read paragraph A again. Which of these facts isthe mi 2 The amount of water on planet Earth is increasing > Mount Islands are the tops of underwater mountains. D3 Take 2 minutes. Based on the m ife first appeared in this chemically rich water some 3,500 million years ago. We know from fossils that the first organisms were simple, single-celled bacteria and algae. Organisms very ike them still exist in the sea today and are the basis of all marine life. The biggest of them is about a millimetre across, the smallest about one-fiftieth of that. They exist in immense numbers ~a cubic metre of sea water may contain 200,000 ~ and they drift in the water. These minute organisms are able to harness the energy of the sun to build the molecules which form their tissues. ‘Among them float vast numbers of small animals which feed on them and which together are known simply as ‘the plankton, living soup which is the main diet of a multitude of other bigger creatures. Extract from The Living Planet by David Attenborough, idea in this paragraph? under the sea are taller than those on dry land. fea, but using your own words, write a heading for paragraph A. Your heading should attempt to summarise what the paragraph is about. 4 Take 3 minutes each. > Following the same procedure, decide on the > Write a heading for paragraphs B and C. > Now think of a title for the whole text. in idea in paragraphs B and C 5 Compare what you have written with a partner, Decide on the most suitable title and the best paragraph headings for the three paragraphs. 6 Skim the text again and find a word or expression which has a similar meaning to these definitions. a the top o animals c large amounts (2.words) —_g relating to the d extremely small h large areas of sea ‘a mountain e the outer face of something {ancient remains of a living thing Fa Ih; \ ]30 Unit 4 Al at sea IELTS READING sewrewce compcerion For this question type you need to skim the text to find the place where IELTS READING TASK the information is located. You may Lighthouses oceupy a special place inthe history of modern Austral also have to look for words which ‘They stand as monuments to the transformation of the nation from & rave a similar meaning to those used colonial outpost to a prosperous society. For millions of people, inthe qusstin. Tes scaled Tighthouses were the Bist sign af ciation aftr a long sea voyage to a panos Sleepers ts me Ft hey ae semis of te i competion, you may have to find the Pains sll ons espa penn Tey remind ws of eine when answers in the passage or you may ships nied the wale i have a box of answers fo choose fom. | Lights for navigation have extd for more than 3000 years. Their purpose hus been re they ar and to guide them into safe harbours orto cram them of rocks and refs that coukl destroy them, Although preventing loss of Stop Se eee ata ate oceanic ae pe * Read question 1. The key has been the real driving force behind lighthouse construction. words in the question have Lighthouses evolved from a fre ona hilltop to towers engineered to withstand baal indarined foe Fou any fore the sea could delve, with beams of ight that could be sen for 50k. ‘They reached th during the first half ofthe twentieth century but by the ‘+ Skim the first paragraph to find end ofthe same century ther future had become uncertain. Today satellite any similar words, structures avigaton technology is taking the place ofthe lighthouse as the safe, economic or ideas. These have been and reliable way to navigate the oceans ofthe world. ea “Te fist primitive lights were fires in bronze baskets and were used along suena Be. | Nile delta as early as 1000 BC. The oldest surviving lighthouse isthe Tower of + Note how the contrast between Hercules that stands on a hill on the north west coast of Spain. Built around 29 the third and the fourth BC by il the fifth century AD when it sentence in the text is wa aha asthe Romans eft the ae. 1a ot the Spanish n 182 represented by; bak [n/t Ttaly’ best-known lighthouse is i Geno. Built during the 12th century, it was paraphrase in question 1. demolished in 1544 and rebuilt as a two-section brick tower. In 1449 one of the keepers was Antonio Columbus, uncle of the more famous Christopher. The light Step 2 ‘at Meloria, also in Italy and built in 1157, was the first rock or wave-washed lighthouse. Although it no lo forerunmer to the many’ famous + Foliow the same procedure, houses of Britany in France an of Great rita, underlining the key words in “The next challenge in lighthouse construction was to find a way to build towers question 2 below. in shallow waters on a sandy seabed. This was achieved with the development of + Find three words in the second fil liste the seabed. The first tower ofthis type w paragraph which allow you to London's Thames River, But it was the USA which becam ans, it served as a lighthouse complete the paraphrase. type of lighthouse. REcate marine charts are nw availble for literally the whole ofthe earths Step 3 ‘watery surface. These charts have also been computerised and in conjunction with GPS" ean display the exact poston ofa ship onthe screen (©) + Take 10 minutes to do ‘When connected fo the controls of the ship it even allows th — questions 3-7, which are based ship to be sailed on anton over any predetermined Test tif ri the fast ok ts pase! Sov in any Kind of weather. The ature is here. Don't try to guess t a |, answer without find ‘% ‘the information in Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer SS 1 For people at sea, lighthouses are a welcome sight but also remind them of #e. Sea's dangers 2 The real reason for constructing lighthouses is to protect Z 3 Test tip » Copy the answer corecty ont your answer sheet. ou wil be marked wrong you ‘copy words incotecty or These days lighthouses are being replaced by 4 The oldest lighthouse still in operation is in 7 5 One of the former keepers of the lighthouse in Genoa was ‘The pile lighthouse was developed for construction on \ ‘Today's navigational systems rely on GPS and \ ee aa = = ansne.Unit 4 All at sea Making comparisons cae Adjectives: comparatives and superlatives * You add -er and -est to adjectives with only one syllable and to two-syllable adjectives ending in -y. high ~ higher the highest happy — happier — the happiest Negative adjectives ending in -y also have -er and -est. unhappy ~ unhappier ~ the unhappiest Some two-syllable adjectives with an unstressed final a chage maces 5 while, whereas, on the other hand id the most (or lest and the least) to We use these words to link ideas, facts and opinions that differ from each other: You add more a all longer adjectives with three or more syllables, prosperous — more prosperous ~ the most prosperous | While and whereas can come before the ideas significant — less significant ~ the least significant or between them. * Common exceptions are good — better — the best While has a similar meaning to although. Whereas introduces a marked contrast On the other hand comes between the two ideas and forms part of a new sentence bad — worse ~ the worst * You always need to use the with the superlative form. 1 Go back to the text on page 29 and make a list of all the comparative and superlative adjectives used. 2 Complete the sentences by adding the correct form of the adjective in brackets. You may need to include the or than. Example: The oceans are deeper. than. any river on earth. (deep! Electricity is one of discoveries of the last century. (significant b Tlike to do my shopping on the internet because it's than going to the shops, but its (convenient) (personal) Although its to drive to work, I prefer to walk whenever possible. (quick This is soup I have ever cooked. (spicy Her English pronunciation has got and she has almost no accent. (good) 3 Read the paragraph opposite and underline the expressions while, whereas and on the other hand. 4 Complete the sentences using while, whereas or on the other hand. = Paris is famous for the Eiffel Tower, 'ydney is Famous for both its bridge and its New York has its Statue of Liberty. See ween bo as appears to be curved, it is actually made only OF straight pecs of steel. On the other hon the Opera House is designed to look like the salsa ship on the harbour Whereas the bridge has been there since 1932, the Opera House was not completed ‘until 1973. b Not all capital cities are the largest cities of the country it is unusual for a capital city not to have a population of at least a quarter of a million. Ottowa is the capital of Canada, itis by no means the largest Canadian city Tam interested in I brother prefers mathematies and science. When I go to university I might study accounting T could do commerce I suppose. I haven't really decided yet lighthouses used to play an important role in maritime safety, they have now been superseded by satellites Most bears are carnivores and eat meat pandas only eat bamboo shoots I can swim ten lengths of the pool, I find it quite tiring,Unit 4 All at sea Academic Writing Task 1: Analysing charts 1 Cover the charts on water usage below and see if you can guess the answers to these questions. 2 Do Australians use more water for ooking or for washing clothes? b Do Australians use more water for washing themselves or for watering their gardens? ‘You will find the answers in the pie chart B below. Tact iD 2 Look at the charts below and answer these questions. Wiest tip a How isa bar chart (A) different from a pie chart (B)? Rea b In what way are these two charts related? Sean anead c What do the sections in the pie chart represent? | ei dats Hou 4 Ifyou were asked to summarise the information in these two charts, should ot interpret itr afer which of the charts would you deseribe first? Why? an pinion onthe acs in_/ © What, for you, is the significant piece of information in each chart? Qe i Distribution of water usage in Australia Average household water usage in Australia 07 — arens/svering eos 2 — —BBPeposes tor | : : lees 3 al ae | EE i etree GB Wasting cotes | | it is eed a slit) | amount ‘Ubon rigabon dst” Otter | ae | sage Dove: | 3 Complete the writing below using no more than three words for each answer. _ percentage = | purposes The two charts relate to different aspects of (a) ee in australia, hare A provides an overview of how water is used generally, whereas chart cNerview. B gives a breakdown of (b) breakdown. | From the bar chart we can see that a slightly (c) percentage of water goes on (d) sm than on urban usage, 45 per cent in Fact, while the proportion of water Used In (€) oe — ‘approximately 10 per cent, is far smaller than in either of these other areas. 4. Now write another paragraph to complete the description of the data. Begin with the words From chart B we can see ... Describing diagrams and pictures [ ‘The zones of the seashore Remember, most Task 1 questions are based on a graph, chart or | sandanes table, but sometimes you may be asked to describe a diagram. eb 5 Look at the diagram opposite, which is known as a cross ‘section. What does the diagram show? 6 Complete the paragraph below using no more than three words for each answer. _. of the different parts of the .. tide marks. The area in between _.. The area which is always is called the subtidal zone and dry land in this diagram ‘The drawing provides a (a) seashore illustrating the (b) these is known as the (C) (Osdanrttansl Appears a8 (2) eneUnit 4 A at sea ACADEMIC WRITING Task 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The diagrams below contain information about land and light penetration under the ocean. Write a report for a univers ty lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words. Remember! * In Academic Writing Task 1 you will alvays have to tum graphic information into written text * The information may not be presented as a graph or chart but wy be a diagram or picture, * The topic will be related to afield of stu * There may be more than one diagram. If so, you should attempt to link the information in some way ie. comparing, contrasting, finding similar information. * Ifthe chart contains text, do not copy the phrases or sentences straight from the diagram into your report. sulece tenoere * Ifyou do borrow any words from a diagram, make sure you spell them exactly as they are spelt in the Profile across the sea coast of a continent (not to scale or charts and consider the overall provide. E * Look for any common features which ink the two diagrams * Describe the information in away | which highlights the main ideas. | Support these with some relevant | details | * Leave time at the end to check your answer for errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation, Depth zones of the oceancome rain or Understanding opinions and reasons Jn any part of the Listening test, the speaker may express feelings or views about the topic. Understanding these will help you answer the questions. 1 Ask and answer these questions. > What is the worst weather 4 experience you have ever had? Wi > What effect does the weather (® 2 Listen to four people speaking on a radio phone-in programme about the weather. As you listen, match the pictures (a-g) to the people you hear talking (callers 1-4). Write the letter in the second column of the table below. caller picture a-g likes the rain main reason for this feeling X doesn't lke the rain (W 3 Now listen to the recording from exercise 2 again. Put a tick or cross in the table above to show __x. whether the calles like the weather or nat. What reasons do they give? Complete the table (©) 4 Listen to the radio presenter asking his ey questions again and answer in your own words. ‘® 5 In pairs, practise the dialogue. One of you can be the radio presenter while the other is the caller. Ask and answer questions like the people on the radio. Name? Caling from? A Weather? >\ Musical request? Helio! My name's In Section 2 of the Listening test, you will hear one speaker talking about a general \\ or social topic. “ 6 Listen to someone talking about umbrellas and complete the notes. Notes Don't use more than Unbrella. - from the word ‘umbra’ meaning three words for any answer. S Test tip \ Note aking is a common : | type of LTS question. Shown Youmaybeastedto | «1850 - unbrellas made with a complete notes in any \ pattofthe test.” Europears with umbrellas Ubth century - umbrellas re-introduced in Unbrellas then became large enough for 34Unit § Come rain or shine Expressing feeling — word and syllable stress 1 Say these words out loud stressing only the first syllable. Exaggerate the stress on this occasion. terrible terribly marvellous marvellously desperate desperately 2 Now listen again to the speakers on the radio programme and repeat what they say. The words and syllables to stress are in bold. Don't stress the other words - they are weak sounds here, Ilove the rain J Test tip Its driving me mad. The way you saya word in English wil depend on its pasion in the sentence umbrella, and the meaning you want We desperately needed the rain. Ican't stand it.I much prefer the sunshine Teouldn't use an umbrella. You look so stupid carrying, ‘ogre Agreeing and disagreeing 3 In pairs first say how you feel about what is shown in the pictures below and then ask your partner for their view. Use intonation, word stress and facial expression to help you communicate. Try to give additional information or a reason in your reply. Use the expressions on this page, or go back to Unit 2 page 16 for some other ideas. Example: love going to the beach. How do you feel about spending the day at the beach? | agree. | really love being out in the sun. It's great! AGREEING Lagree Yes, I really Absolutely. I ‘On the whole Yes, me too DisAcREEING I don't really know. I'm not so sure Personally, I tend to think Um... Factually think Possibly, but J Test tip In ode nt to appear rude, we tnd tobe less emphatic when we express cisagreement than when we agree wth someone. 35Unit 5 Come rain or shine Academic Writing Task 1: Describing tables 11 Look at the two tables below and answer these questions about them. Whaat is the purpose of the tables? What do you notice about the layout of the tables? How do these tables differ from a bar chart or a pie chart? Average yearly temperatures and rainfall for Brisbane and Melbourne in Australia Brisbane climate Jan April Max°C 2927 July 2. Rainfall mm mpg 7 Rainy days Melbourne climate Jan April July [Mx:c 26 | 2013 fica ecm reaiienia Test tip Toke a minute to absorb the = information inthe tables Rainy days 15 14 Making sense of the information || Donot begin wrtng your 2 Examine the data by first looking at the overall trends, Ta ‘Make four statements about the information in the tables, using comparative adjectives. to tables as awle._ drier wetter hotter colder warmer cooler oon Example: Brisbane has a hotter, wetter climate than Melbourne. 3 Now complete the sentences below to make some superlative statements about the information in the tables and then write two more statements of your own, based on this model. t— ~ Test tip Max °C The hottest month in Brisbane is _sanaang._._ ica iam eee ata a) In Melbourne —..— — | | Beam replaced. iis important Min °C (b) The coolest time of year in Melbourne is | tovary the words you use| (©) July is the coolest = when dsoting this hind of Rainfall mm (d) The wettest period in Brisbane is information or your writing The driest period in Melbourne is z wil become very Rainy days (f) Melbourne has the _ number of rainy days in epee, January. = ) Brisbane has : in January and the least rainy days in July. Including relevant data So far you have only described the overall climate pattems, without mentioning any specific details (eg, temperatures or the number of days). However, its important to include some of the data from the tables to illustrate the major trends, Itis also important not to overdo this by including too much 4 Look at the example sentence in exercise 3 and circle the relevant information in the table. Read this example and note how the data has been included. Example: The hottest month in Brisbane is January, when the average maximum temperature rises to 29°C. Re-write sentences a-g in exercise 3 above to include the relevant data from the tables. You can add the supporting data in a separate sentence if necessary.Unit § Come rain or shine Joining two different ideas When data is presented in two similar tables, it is useful to focus on information which can be compared or contrasted. To do this, you need to join your ideas. You can join ideas within one sentence using a conjunction. Alternatively, you can put each idea in its own sentence and join these with a linking expression. 5 Look at these examples which compare information from the two tables. Note how the two contrasting pieces of information are linked. Single. sentence: — ideas linked. by @ conjunction ~ ‘whereas’ The highest average temperature in Brisbane in summer is 29°C, whereas the Melbourne maximum is only 26°C. By contrast, the Melbourne maximum is only 26°C. serene ese lied: J ‘The highest average temperature in Brisbane in summer is 29°C. Enfomeetion’ dente. tubs ty a werd o phrase. | 6 Expand the following notes to make sentences. Use conjunctions or linking expressions. —July— Melbourne than Brisbane/ (ESUESUMIGUS January ~ Brisbane wetter than Melbourne Fetiepeeis bate emeet tees terrcarel ae October wette h Melbourne — January wettest | Yiie akthow month Brisbane / both average 14 rainy days [ville salting even tough Te en atame EG ¢ January rainfall Brisbane ~ greater than Melbourne / Sa a! six more days of rain On the other hand © difference of 8°C — maximum and minimum temperatures ~ Nevertheless ... Brishane ~ summer / Melbourne difference larger / difference decreases in winter — Writing a paragraph 7 Complete the paragraph below on temperature. Note how this paragraph includes two actual pieces of data. Brisbane and Melbourne have similar climates. However, we can see from the information provided that Brisbane is (a) than Melbourne although the differences in (b) are not Iti important to make sure huge. One interesting point is that the temperature in Brisbane never (Gat Be information you, : Peaetet ad drops below (c) .—-.---—--y even in winter in July. Melbourne, on gen eke siemens wick the other hand, experiences (4) . _- winters with average \._ a not factual caret, / minimum temperatures as low as 4°C. you may ose mks, / 8B Using the paragraph above as a model, write a paragraph comparing the average rainfall in the two cities. Start with a clear statement to introduce the topic. Then write at least two more sentences highlighting some of the information.Unit 5 Come rain or shine IELTS GENERAL TRAINING WRITING task 1 ‘In General Training Whiting Task 1 you will have to wnte a letter of 150 words. You must cover al three ofthe bullet points in your letter and begin and end your letter appropriately. You also need to wite in paragraphs and use the right tone. Ste S P 33 Step 1 You have recently heard that a friend of yours has had some problems Read the task opposite and as a result of some unusual weather. Write a letter to your friend. decide what type of letter is In your letter required, e.g. formal or informal, + express concern (ie. say you are sorry to hear what has happened) ‘and what the purpose of the + tell them about a similar experience that you once had letter is. Underline the key + give some advice or offer help. words that help you decide. _types of weather useful words _ possible damage Step 2 storm / gale roof blown oft house Brainstorm some ideas about ya: tod unusual weather and the fires damage it can cause. Complete the table to help you and note Srought were any other useful vocabulary. old ice / snow Step 3 Complete the following notes with * Shake to heart the) aa some ideas and words that you could damage to (t ae use in your letter. You have to write © Understand the feeling of (¢ at least 150 words so you need to Our house once use your imagination. Insurance covered cost of (f) now fully repaired & Test # Think positively \ opportunity to ( | Nate hon te tre happy to help (h) |_tullt pints tlp you \ eas iterio / * Clos Step 4 = = ©) The 15 minutes Expand the notes into a complete letter. Remember you are writing to a friend, so the letter can be quite informal and friendly in style. You could use the expressions in the boxes or go back to Unit 1 for some more ideas on ways to begin and end letters. TE Iwas very sorry to hear about T'm sorry to learn about Twas shocked by the news that Twas concemed/upset to hear d Step 5 J NB Do not say “What a pity!’ when Read your letter carefully to check the grammar, spelling and [eramaneer ill soles organisation. ae ee Summary i at | Remember to follow these steps when you do Writing Task 1. Let me know if I can ... «Brainstorm ideas for what to say. | Don't hesitate to get in touch if' you need «Note useful vocabulary. Thope things work out all right. ‘+ Make notes for each paragraph. ora ‘+ Expand your notes into a letter. ‘+ Check your letter carefully. 38Unit § Come rain or shine GENERAL TRAINING WRITING Task 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task You recently stayed in a hotel in a large city. The weather was very unusual for the time of year and the heating/cooling system in the hotel was quite inadequate. Write a letter to the manager of the hotel. In your letter *+ give details of what was wrong + explain what you had to do 10 overcome the problem at the time Ky . * say what action you would like the manager to take. You should write at least 150 words You should write at least 150 words Tatas ) You do NOT need to write your own address. | someting about each ae eR Te ae aint you wil se Begin your letter as follows: Say Dear , =a” Remember! * In GT Writing Task 1 you will always a situation and three main points which you must write about * The letter may be to someone you know, such as a friend or a teacher, or it tay be a formal letter to a stranger or an official. * The style you choose, and the opening and closing sentences, will depend on your relationship to this person. * The letter will have a particular purpose such as thanking someone / asking o do something / complaining / requesting infon asking for ur /offering to help someone. * You should take minutes for th and Task 2 carries more marks. So suggested for Task 1 e to write a letter. You will be given There are two tasks in the We portant to stick to the tn Approach + Read the question carefully to make sure you have fully understood the fianetion of the letter, ic. the reason for writing it Look at the three points and think of something to write about each of them. Expand your plan into a full answer, + Write a plan along the lines of the notes you wrote earlier in this unit. © Leave e-at the end to check your answer for errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation.Following a sequence of events ‘Some IELTS passages give a historical account of something as it ha pened over time. Recognising this type of passage will help you develop a mental picture of the overall content. First reading Look at the list of useful nouns which are all connected to money and the economy. Look up any words you don’t know in ji] 1 good dictionary. Read the article and choose a noun fromthe vl list to fill each gap, using the sentence to help you work out the meaning. Paper Money January 1st 2002 saw the biggest ever introduction of new banknotes on a single day. It went smoothly ~ but the history of paper money is littered with warnings. change banknotes, nthe last few months of 2001, 14 billion» brand ranging in (0) from 500 euros down to 5 euros, Were printed by the 12 countries that adopted Europe's single b ‘Old_-money continued 10 circulate for four to eight weeks afterwards, depending on the country, but department stores. and supermarkets quickly made the change tothe euro The search for a means of A= = is almost as old as mankind. Among the commodi that have been tried are chocolate ¢ Aatecs), shells (Pacific Islanders), bbutter and salt (from which the word. ‘lary’ was derived). In Europe after the Second World War cigarettes were used, and in Ttaly it was common as late as the 1970s to use sweets as small, @ ‘The dea of using paper as money Is almost as old as paper itself: The first people to do it were the Chinese, who made the exsliest banknotes over 1,000 years ago. However, they soon grew So fond of their invention that they printed far to much and this led t0 e The most famous issuer of paper money was ‘Kublai Khan, the Mongol who ruled the Chinese empire in the 13" century Kublai Khan also confiscated all gold and silver, even if i was brought in through foreig Though explorers like Marco Polo were impressed with the Chinese ‘stem, paper money did not succeed everywhere. In Persia, its introduction Jed to a total collapse of trade. By the 15 century even China had more or on paper money c, the firt issuer of paper ‘money was Sweden. In 1661, Johan Palmstruch’s Stockholm | Banco introduced the first banknotes. Other European countries soon followed the Swedish lead, One reason for ‘establishing the Bank of England in 1694 ‘was {0 print paper money s0 that the balance could be kept in a bank nnn The bak is now the longest continuous issuer of banknotes in the world In France, the Banque Royale was st up in 1718, Iwas very successful at first, bt when people Enos account prices banknotes enrreney exchange inflation trade realised that i had issued twice much z France’ total sippy of gold and sh confidence. went and the bank collapsed. Nowadays, national. banks realise thatthe quantity of paper money they issue hus to be regulated The real masters of paper money, however, were across the Atlantic in America, And the father of American paper currency is undoubtedly Benjamin Franklin, the man who features on today’s hundred dollar aieecciea ss: Hewes: printer who strongly believed in the benefits of paper mon ‘who has the best banknotes? Almost everybody would agree that America’s should be at or near the bottom. Top position depends, natunlly, on taste, although it is often the smaller countries, such as Guatemala, that print’ the most attractive notes, In Europe, some texperts praise the modern designs of countries such as the Netherlands and Finland. Australia is a pioneer in the use of plasti, rather than paper. Over the past decade, most of the countries fof Fastern Europe and the exSoviet Union have chosen to introduce new ‘The most stonia's and attractive are said to be Macedonia’ However, the best notes of all are, in many ways, those not printed by ‘central banks at all For years, the Hong, Kong and Shanghai Banking Company acted as the city's central bank. Even today, its notes are much admired In the collectors market old Hong Kong Bank notes fetch exceptionally igh one note from 1867 was sold in London recently for 485,000.Unit 6 Value for money mp0 IELTS READING Fow carr sore compLeTiON Completing a flow chart or set of notes is nat very different from completing a summary (see Unit 3). In a flow chart, the arrows indicate the links between points. Notes may be presented using bullets. St a ce . IELTS READING TASK ook atthe notes and questions opposite . : sede wheter het the ole’ Compete he noe wsng NO MORE THAN THREE passage or a section of the passage. Sram thereniing passes If they test a section, skim in Means ‘ld’ History of paper money order to find the right section, | an for Ancient forms of money: e.g. .checdlate both words. |v T and Step 2 ‘ai Decide what sort of factual information First banknotes printed by 2 you need to find for each question (e.g. (10th century) a person or country). Turn the notes into v questions using words like What, Where Over production of paper money and When. v 13th century ~ most famous producer of banknotes: Step 3 S (©) Take 8 minutes to answer questions v 1-6 opposite. First European banknotes issued in 4 v + Look at the words in the notes and 694 — bank accounts set up by the 5 think of similar words that might 1694 bankeceouts sey ae appens Inia sentence In ibe tee Most recent form of currency 6 + Scan the text to see if any of the words ae in the notes, or similar words that you S oN SS ee Olest tip + Read those sentences more closely to see ifthe answer you need is there, | Yoo wilbsemaris you |e dom your ancver and uaa Sore tno ong than tree woros (ERC ER and is spelt correctly. \\_ note completion questions / \ ort you spl the answers Each IELTS reading passage has 13 or 14 questions but they will not all be of the \ icaecty, same type. Here are some more questions on this passage. a Step 4 IELTS READING TASK oO Take 5 minutes to Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the do this set of passage for each answer secon penn + 1n2001,7 euro banknotes were printed. questions. Follow step 3 and check the length and spelling of your answers. + Atotal of 8 countries agreed to use the euro. + Kublai Khan prevented people from trading in 9... and Benjamin Franklin worked as a 10 es : The prettiest banknotes are often produced by 11 fotes made from a substance other than paper are used in 12 Banknotes from 13 are very popular among collectors.Unit 6 Value for money Identifying trends Jn the Whiting test, you may have to describe the trends on a graph. Also, in the Listening test (usually Section 3 or 4), you may have to identity trends in 2 multiple-choice or labeling task 1 Match the numbered parts of the graph to trends a-h. Share prices ... arose (by ... 10) b fell (by ... to) fluctuated (between) plummeted (to) stabilised (at) levelled off (at) peaked (at) dipped (to) 9 2 Describe the graphs below to your partner. Which graph is your partner describing? @ 3 Listen to three speakers and answer the questions. 1 Which graph shows the annual trend in public spending? "LAC Ae : a a2 3 ae a3! a a eae 2 Which chart illustrates the staff absentee rate? 7 98992000 ‘oF 96 99 7000 3% 99 2000 (@® 4 tisten to someone from a travel company talking about sales of different holidays. Match each holiday destination (1-5) with the correct line on the graph (a-e).Academic Writing Task 1: Trends and verb tenses 1 Read the description of students’ spending on books below, and underline the verbs. Draw a graph to illustrate the paragraph. spend on books has risen ears. Last year exch e of £100, whereas ‘The amount of money students dramatically over the past four yt student at our college spent an averags five years ago, they only spent £40.0n average. Over the next year, it is expected that the average personal spending on books will se to at least £120 per year Tenses When describing trends in the IELTS test it is best to use: the simple past to talk about ‘finished! time, e.g, yesterday, in 1997, last year the present perfeet to talk about ‘unfinished time, e.g. since 1997, ever, this month afuture tense to talk abont future time, e.g, next year, tomorrow, over the next week We often use the following express talking about future or predicted data, because the simple future is little too certain: arefis (unlikely to... arclis predicted to arelis expected to rhe number of people travelling to Pacific Rim countries next year is predicted to rise. OR we use a verb such as predict and a future tense. For example: For example: Tour operators predict that the number of people travelling to Pacific Rim countries will rise next year 2 Complete these predictions. 4 Global temperatures in the next decade. b Experts predict that more people pau, smoking in the coming year, © The birthrate in Italy next year. 4 —— 7 the number of visitors to London will deerease in the future, Unit § Value for money 3 Which tense would you use with each of the Phrases below? Write PS for past simple, PP for present perfect and F for a future tense. inthe 19th century PS b since 1995 © recently d between 1990 and 1992 © last summer { from 2005 to 2015, for the last ive years h over the next decade | ayear ago jin the coming year in 10 years’ time 1 aver the past ten years 4 Complete the gaps in the description below by using ‘an appropriate verb in the correct tense. ‘Over a barat Ferecastnreas in wold ol production - ion bares ore Ober Non Ditssecax Borec Bove 1980-2000 200-10 —-z010-20 ‘The graph gives past, present and future data concerning the production of the world’ oil in OPEC and non- OPEC countries. The figures (a) that while the production of oil in Middle Eastern OPEC countries (b) —....— to increase considerably, oil production elsewhere is likely © — ae Between 1980 and 2000, most of the worlds oil @) _.. non-OPEC countries; only ‘tvo million barrels per day (e) by OPEC countries. Since then, these figures ee considerably. Between 2000 and 2010 it is (g) ... that approximately 10 million barrels per day (h) from Middle Eastern OPEC countries, while a further 10 million barrels will be provided by other OPEC or non-OPEC countries. ~ Although forecasters predict that oil production. @— ~~ to stabilise between 2010 and 2020, a lot more of this oil ()) —. cies to come from the Middle Eastern OPEC countries, and under 5 million barrels per day from other areas.Unit § Value for money one IELTS ACADEMIC WRITING rsx 1 Step 1 ‘The bar chart below gives information about vehicle ownership in China. Read the mini exam-type task opposite. \Wiite a report for a university lecturer describing the information. + What does the chart show? aed + What does the vertical axis represent? eae oe ‘+ What does the horizontal axis represent? : + What trend does it show? . ‘+ What tense will you write in? : () Take 15-20 minutes to describe the : information in the chart in about 120 words. i Follow Steps 2-6. | eee spt esti spe wvains what the chart is | uaiscucuht te Start a new paragraph an illustrate the main stages Sbout. Be careful not to These sumbws sient tal ‘in the trend. In this case, write two sentences that copy the whole sentence | sumbessfpergle Youwil describe the trend between 1987 and 1991. Include from the task because the 1s marks ifyou mis-read / some figures. Then, write one or two sentences that earniact wil ak cats \\thechat. describe the trend between 1991 and 1999. Again, copied material. Think of include some figures. another way of saying ‘vehicle Step 5 ownership’. Also mention the period of time St€P ‘that the chart covers. Start a third paragraph and write a concluding sentence. Step 3 Step 6 Write a sentence that describes the overall Count the number of words you have written and check your trend, End your first paragraph here. work for mistakes, Now do the IELTS Writing task below. IELTS WRITING TASK You should spend about 20 minutes on this task Test tip 1 Don't ty to explain the data. The chart below gives information about global sales of games ‘You need only desrive what you see software, CDs and DVD or video. The examiner wil nore any explanations. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information, 2.Don't try to cover everything if you cannot do this inthe wod limit. Selec the mast significant You should write at least 150 words isis iat 3 Dont wit too much, You can write more ‘han 150 words but you wl ot et any extra marks for thst ou wit fewer ‘than 150 words, you may be penalised. (ee ee "approximately about | Just under/over | slightly fewer/more tha | alte Iess/more than 1ot ier ony eee eee = ACADEMIC WRITING Task 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola. shown below. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the informatio You should write at least 150 words, Alot of botties Fang (ocala unit case volume by region 2000, % of ttl Coca Col share price,$ North America. _- Nica sod 304 Mle East 79 | Asa 50 164 0 Late Aeneas — 257 Europe 208 196 979892000 twvo tasks in the Academie Writing test and Task 2 carries more marks. iportant to stick to the time limit suggested for Task 1. iy include graphs, charts, tables or other diagrams. There may be more than one diagram in the task. If this happens, the diagrams will be related in some way * You will lose marks if the content of your answer is inaccurate or irrelevant, or if | you leave important information out + You must link your points well. Dont write a list or use repetitive structures * Marks are awarded for vocabulary and grammatical accuracy so show the examiner the range of words and structures that you know and check your answer for errors Approach + Examine the diagrams carefully and decide what each one shows. * Look for any overall trends or features first. Then decide on the best way to illustrate these, (Decide what you should include and what you need not include.) Think in terms of two or three paragraphs, * Begin by stating clearly what the diagrams are about, but don't copy the instructions: + Next describe the key features/trends. (Yo according to the material presented.) apport these using the most interesting or significant details. Give some figures, nd by drawing any obvious conclusions * Leave time at the end to check your answer for errors in grammar, spelling and punetuation. may want to divide your answer(answer key Make a break rt 2-3 a (go) skiing € (go) swimming b (go) shopping £ (play) cards © (go) hiking & (go) (rock) climbing 4 (play) football/soccer h (go) (horse) riding Play is used for games that involve team players or opponents; go is used for more individual activities that often take place away from home i.e, you need to ‘go’ somewhere to do them. 4 Often there are no players and sometimes no movement is required. The emphasis is on the craft or skill, The activities are i cookin musi j singing K reading 1 sewi fn drawi he computer 5 Possible answers T never go hiking, but I sometimes play football I really enjoy playing football like playing cards. In fact, 1 usually play with friends every Friday evening, 1 a amazed b tiring 2 exhausting /exhausted boring / bored satisfied irritated relaxing / relaxed satisfying invitati interested fascinated revolting / revolt a. Professor Johnson is an interesting lecturer b This food is revolting. ¢ I'm fascinated by dinosaurs. d I nced a break. I'm exhausted. e I'mafraid I'm not satisfied with this new phone. f It satisfying when you manage to find all th g Right now I'm watching TV. It’ relaxin DST 1 a photography _b American football c numning painting e surfing f chess g table ten ish gardening 46 Conversation 1 ‘You look exhausted, Yes, I've just come off the court. Did you win? Yes ... finally... but my opponent was very strong. The match went to three sets Well done Conversation 2 oman: When did you learn to play? When I was a child. My grandia ¢ me the maves when T was only six years old, I never get bored ~ ever, her ‘a new challenge Really? Yes, we used to play every Sunday Tt must have helped to keep hi Conversation 3 Tt looks like a really tough sport. I don't know how you jernoon. He loved it mind active do it. Ob, Love it. But you've got to be a good swimmer I wouldn't want to be the goal keeper ‘Yes, that's hard. We usually put our very best player in goal It looks exhausting! Conversation 4 oman: Dont you ever get bored? No, never. I just love sitting here by the river, doing nothing. It's so releDo you ever catch anything? No, not often. But that doesn’t matter: Its not for me, I'm afraid. I need something teresting! Conversation 5 People often think it's a he it. It's very satisfying seeing things gruw. bit more by for old people. But [love Yes, but we live in an apartment. ots and window boxes, you know. You don't need a lot of space Perha Yes, you might find you have green finger Conversation 6 Would you like to jo Saturday? ‘Thanks, but I can't. I need to be ready for the marathon on You can grow things in I should give ita try afterall! us for dinner ‘Oh, OK. What distance do you have to cover? miles, 50 TH need to be in bed early 26 miles! That makes me fe! tr Conversation 7 Are you enjoying the latest Hi Oh, it’ great! It's really exc T thought the film was better, myself ust thinking about i! ing. I can't put it down, Thaven't seen the film yet Actually, L usually find I prefer the book to the film, but 7 a collecting model cars OR painti b (microlight) flying / flying smalVAight (aero)planes © 14 d (the) excitement e a bird OR drawing Good morning! Today on Hobby Horse we'll be hearing about some unusual hobbies. Maybe you had a hobby when you were a child, such as collecting model cars, or aint hobbies into our adult life. John Shipley is an exception drawing But not many of us continue with these however. He's on the Line to tell us about his rather unusual hobby that has taken him to high places Hello, k Tell us, when did you first become interested in planes? k When I was about seven years old. Tve always loved the idea of flying And what kind of planes do you fly? Very light planes, called microlights What age must you be before you can take up flying a microlight You must be at least 14 to have lessons. You do this With an instructor but you can’t ‘go solo’ — that’s fyin own, until you are 15, What is it that you like so much about this leisure activity? It sounds like it could be quite d Oh... lots of things. The sense of freedom ~ being ble to get away from everything, but I think, most ofall it's the excitement he Yes, it must be fantastic being up in the air like that. te +s like being a bird. Th nothing else like it! Answer key Step oT AT The Speaking test model was recorded by one of the authors and a native speaker to illustrate the format and content of Part 1. For the recording script please go to www.cambridge.org/elt/stepup Cs 1 sean: a,b, d skim: ¢, ¢ 2 a To inform readers about a new book To advertise the sale of some cheap socks To advertise an art auction, b Magazine or newspaper readers, students Newspaper reader, general public Art dealers, newspaper readers © Saturn / spacecraft / prepare yourself / book Sale / 8 / City Superstore / the general layout Modern and contemporary / Auction / On View the general layout 3a Cassini b July 2004 © $4.99 (for two pairs @ Monday 2 December 1b & To ask formal permission © To thank someone for something d ® To provide information © To give an official apolo, £ X To make an offi 2 Possible answers @ Dear (Rosemary); Lots of love ial complaint b Dear Dr/ Professor ...; Yours sincerely © Dear (Mr and) Mrs / Dear Rosemary: Kind regards / Best wishes d_ Dear Sir; Yours faithfully Dear Mr/Mrs ...: Kind regards / Best wishes f Dear Sir/Sirs; Yours faithfully 3av bi cii div eiii 4i10 4 ii8 WI v5,9,10 1 aerobics 2 twice a week 3 Olympic coaches 4 (on) public holidays 5 Any level / beginners to advanced 6 School programmes 7 at/from the centre / at/from The Edge 8E 9D 10F 11C 124 138Answer key oni = What’s on the menu? Ste > DORA 2 a Norway/Australia_b Queen Elizabeth II ¢ bees d McDonalds e apple, lemon IELTS task 1 1902 2 45kilograms 3 white 4 frostbite 5 fibre, vitamins, minerals 6C 7B 8G 9F 10E 1A 12A +H 13 D+F 14E+G RTs Exercise 2 I don' like vegetable T'm afraid I can't stand and I really hate cabbag that’s made with i Don't you think cold ¢ Brercise 3 getables, especially cabbag T really like c made with it T adore iced coffee -am and anything that it's delicious Tm afraid I just I just don't eat cheese at all Tean’t stand the smell of fish Thhate what ve does to my teeth, 5 tastefflavour juicy, salty, sour, spicy, sweet wally like sweet things bitter, bland, fatty, fizzy, greasy, hot, texture: chewy, creamy, crunchy, fatty, juicy, stodgy tougl smell/aroma: bitter, sickly, sweet the effect fe Thas on us: fattening, filling, refreshing 6 2 fattening b greasy ¢ refreshing d spicyhhot e filling f fizzy g bitter h salty DAT 2 conversation | cues Conversation 1 Yes. I'd like the steak, but can I have coder, sir? chips? Ofcourse, Anything to drink’ Just water, please Fine. It be about fifteen minutes, 'm afraid. One of our chefs is off sick Oh, don Conversation 2 Tm st wing. I think I'l get in the queue for the het food today. Til just have a sandwich, Ill be cooking tonight. Here's a tray 7 their table? (OK. It’s pretty busy in here today Conversation 3 Mmm. Thi Yes, and the onion dish really adds to the flavour, anks. Shall we go and sit with Bob and Tina at curry’ delicious, ian’ i Let's ask Mary for the recipe when shi kitchen Good idea! Conversation 4 Have you got a menu? Yes, here (OK. Well ha amed rice Sweet and sour pork is off fried prawns, beef in chili sauce and There's « 15-minute wait ‘OK. We'll come back later to collect it Conversation 5 Now, Ive got sausages, steaks and kebabs ... anything els? 12 people? salad to go with it That's it. Do you think it’s enough f ‘Oh sure. There's plenty Is the fite hot enough yet? I think so, What shall we cook first? Conversation 6 T don't feel very hungry at the moment Never mind, Eat what you can, Tt would taste much better if it wasn’t wrapped in plastic Just pretend you're at home wish I was, Fhate travelling. Conversation 7 Now where did I put the lemons that I bought yesterday? Here they are, Nick. Thanks. Oh dear, 1 D and got some more? ‘Yes, please, Our guests will be here in half an hour and | need to finish this dessert 3 a hast night / the previous ni b aunt and cousin. ¢ a Japa d chicken ft tea nvevening ese restaurant e sashimiI went out for dinner lastnight. ‘Cos my-aunt and my. ‘cousin had come to sce me for the evening s0 I decided to take Twas going to take them to my favourite Ita but it was fully booked s0 we ended up eating at. the new Japanese restaurant near the city centre Yes, that’s the one! It was really nice inside a Yes, well the one we chose was very good value for money... Wel, my soup ... and Martin, my cousin, had chicken. Yes ... and I chose the sashimi ~you know, raw fish. [d never eaten that before but I quite liked it. It has a very delicate flavour. My cousin had beer but my aunt and Ihad tea several set menus at a variety of prices int ordered uple past tense, because the event took place ‘last night b The Italian café. © The past continuous tense is used because the speaker is describing a plan that had to be ¢ 4 The simple past 2 )0n the road Answer key 5 Iwas going to take them to my favorite Italian café yes, the Napoli ... but it was fully booked so we ended up eating at the new Japanese restaurant 6 Possible answer Lwas going to study Biology but I ended up studying French instead, 1 chemistry 2 any two of: flavours / ingredients / processing methods 3 any two of: flavours / ingredients / processing methods 4B 5D 6B 7C BA 9 cheese, coffee, tea 10 smell 11. quality control (purposes 12 (an) electronic tongue 13 vanilla extract DST 2 a handle b name tag ¢ strap d wheels 3 Suitcase: b, gi, jk bag: fh rucksack: ¢, € briefease: d case: a 4 a Ita small plastic case with a handle and a shoulder strap, b [tsa suitcase made of fabric with a zip. ¢ Ita small rucksack with a pocket on the front. d Ita thin plastic briefease € Ita micksack with a pocket on the side and a sleeping bag on top. f Ita canvas bag with a zip fastening, a shoulder strap, and a name tag & [tsa set of three suitcases. h Its a bag with a zip, handles on top and a pocket with a buckle on the side 1 Its.an old suitcase with a nan stickers j_ Its. suitcase with two straps. k Itsa plas 1 Ita suitcase on wheels and it has a strap with a big buckle. © tag and lots of © suticase on wheels, © “conversation bag | key words yellow, pocket, sleeping bag 5, small one, othe Conversation 1 What kind of bag have you got? Its a rucksack, Isit that small, pink rucksack over there? No, mine's vellow with a front pocket. And it should have my sleeping bag tied on to the top. I hope they haven't lost it Oh good! There itis! Conversation 2 Mu fur! Tcan see our o ‘an you? Where are they? Over there! Look! They're all coming through together ‘You get the small one and I'l grab the other two. Conversation 3 can’t believe it takes this long to get the bags off the plane. arrive in a minute. Ah! es coming now ‘Just be patient, dear. The There's my green bricfease. But ... no sign of my bags. No, Isnt that your brown suitease coming through now? No. [can't see it anywhere.Answer key Conversation 4 ‘There's your bag, Chris. Can you grab it? No, Dad. That's not our bag. Ours is black. not brown. And t's bigger than that ‘Oh, you're right. They all look so similar, don’t they? Ah, Fean see it. I's coming now Conversation § ‘Oh, at last! They've flight, Here they come Look a old suitcase with all the stickers on i ‘That person has done some travelling. tarted loading the bags from our that dirt Yeah! That's my bag actually Oh, really? Conversation 6 ‘would you mind grabbing my suitease for me lke? the large, red suitense with the two Sure — what does it Its that one there xellow straps round the outside There you are Thanks so much Ste OA 1 International (Hotel) 2.0 3 QF2 4 London/UK 5 6 small 7 handle on top 10 with wheels 03 665 091 31 (st) (of) July 8B brown 9 leather on wheels Questions 1-5 Yes, can Lhelp you? Two of my bags seem to be missit ‘Where were you coming from, madam? via Bangkok. ave to get you to fill out this form From Lond OK-TnL Tm sorry. I don't have my glasses with me. Would you mind reading it to me? Right. Can I have your nan Mrs Mary G please, madam? wenleaf — that's G-R. Greenleaf EAE Address? Here, or in the UK? We live in Manchester, Here in Sydney. Where are you staying? Wee staying at the International Hotel And the phone number there? Til give you my hushand's mobile number. Its 0793 665.091 655 091 No ~ 665 091 Right. And which flight were you on? Flight QF2 ‘That's the flight from Bangkok, isn't it Well, we stopped briefly in loaded in the UK. We've come through from London And what date did you board the flight? We left London yesterday ~ that was the aid? kok, but the bags were st of July OK ... departed 31st July. Two bags, you Yes, that's right 116 Questions 6-10 Now - what sort of bags 1 looking for? Well - there's one that has all my make-up in it and you give me a thorou: Yes, its description of it, madam? nall, savare case, made of blue plastic ‘And does it have your name on it anywhere’ Not anywhere visible. I think my name is written inside Right ... and does it have a handle of any sort? Yes, it’s got a handle on top. ‘That's useful; it! help us find it. Well - that's a suit leather suitcase (OK. And the othe It’s a medium sized, brown, Brown leather, you said? Yes. Does it have a strap round it or anything No ... but its got its own wheels with swheels ‘You know, his has never happened to me before. I hope they tum up. Oh, they always turn up, madam, Chances are they'll be fon the next flight in from Bangkok. 1 The Mekong flows through China, Myanmar Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. 2 a Ina magazine or newspaper or travel magazine b To encourage people to visit the area To entertain. Tourists or travellers. d- He likes it very much. (A model town ... the perfect market ... in this amazing land 3 car, ferry, walking, bieycle, speedboat step 7 pO 1 Ghix 2 HoChi Minh 3 car 4 on foot 5 teachers/schools 6 schoolchildren schoolgirls/students 7 Sam Mountain B spectacular 9 speed ai i Sample answer The diagram illustrates how an electronic tracking device can be fitted to someone's clothing or hidden in 1 bag, in order to allow that person to be tracked and There are three basic stages to the process. 38 words located. 3.1 bagor on the person’ clothing 2 is monitored 4 a transmission tower 6 mobile phone 3 is sent /is transmitted 5 re-transmitted 8 street 7 computer / an internet website 9 map /sereenSample paragraph 4 A device of this nature could be very effective as a means of tracking and locating someone such as a school child. RA PA 1 $14 2 (has) swimming pool 3 (scuba) diving 4 $30 5 (own) bathroom 6 fishing 7 Shute Harbour 8 Golden Sands 9 $4 an hour / $4 per hour /$4/hour 10 soap and toothpaste Questions 1-6 Woman Good morning, Bast Coast Backpackers Tavellee Ob, hi. Fa like some information, please. Woman: Yes, sure Faveller: How much docs it cost to stay at your hostel? Woman: Well ~ ifyou stay in the bunkhouse, it's $5.90 a night — that’s sharing with five other people. Travole Right do you have anything else? We didn't really want to share with that many people Woman: Sure! We've got eabins for $11 a night on if you want air conditioning, then they're $14 Tvl: So... the eabins with air conditioning are $14? Woman: Correct. Traelet OK. Are you right on the beach? te oman It's a five-minute walk to the beach, and we also have a swimming pool Travellers What about diving? Can you do any seuba diving? Vioman: Sure. And we offer a special package for diving, Tinvllt: Great. I'l get back to you, Man: Hello, Emu Park Hostel Tiovller: Oh, hi, 'm just inquiring about the cost of staying at your hostel Non: Well... we've got a number of levels of accommodation. If you share with up to five others, it'll cost you $5 a night or $30 asweck. Do you have any individual rooms? Man: Yeah, we do, We've got rooms overlooking the beach with their own bathroom, Answer key Trowllet: How much are the rooms with the bathroom? Nan: $30 a night, but we're booked out forthe rest of the month. Tioveller Oh, I see. And is it possible to scuba dive? I mean, are there any diving facilities? Man: Not here, P'm afraid. But it's great for fishing. ‘oveller: OK. Not too keen on fishing, thanks. I might leave it, then Questions 7-10 Vioman: Hello, East Coast Backpackers, Trvelle Oh, hi. It's Sabine Thoma here again. T called you earlier. Woman Ob, yes. I remember. Tiovellt: Td like to make a reservation, if that's possible, for the bunkhouse. Woman: Fine. What dates were you looking at? Trowell: Wel .. from today, if possible for about a week. Woman Oh! OK.... well you're in luck beeause some people have just left this morning. jveller: Can you give me the exact address, please? Woman OK, well, it's the Backpackers’ Hostel, Shute Harbour Road - that’s $-H-U-T-E and another word, 3 5 REO. -AR-B-O-UR. Tiawllr. Shute Harbour Road, ... OK, got it. And how do we get there from the town? Well be arriving by coach, Vionan: Well, you'll need to take a loeal bus. Catch the number 25 tothe beach. It will have the words Golden Sands‘ on the front of the bus. Travels Right ~ let me just write that down ... Golden Sands. Womas: Just ask for the Backpackers’ Hostel. But it's only two kilometres from the centre of town, so you could walk it. uel: think we'll get the bus. Oh, and one last thing. Do rou have access to the internet? nan: Yes. We've got alittle internet café here, with five ‘computers. So you can send and receive emails. ‘revel: And how much does it cost to use the computers? Vioman: ‘That'll cost you $4 an hour. And we serve great coffee too! Towler, So... is there alittle shop where we can buy things? Worse: Yes, we sell a few essential things, you know, soap and toothpaste, that sort of thing. Traveller. Thanks. That sounds perfect. We'll ee you this evening. Woman: Right, Sabine, wel see you then, 117UNIT All at sea a7 Py} 7 4a Whereas e On the other hand oNVERE a ‘ b On the other hand f Whereas 3 ‘beach shipping marine life ¢ While & whereas iia h d_ whereas h While a 1 a for washing clothes b for their gardens mg 2 a A pie chart is an analogue chart. The segments i are percentages of the whole, ic. together they represent 100%. In a bar chart, the values ar given along one axis, and each bar represents - “ - what is being compared or measured alon| UCR other axis, They do not necessarily add up to 2b 100% b Both charts describe water us; but in different 3 Possible answer: The seabed 4 Para B Main idea: He would also be a poss Para © Main idea: The first sea life (this would also ssible heading Para B Possible headi Para © Possible heading: Origins of marine situations. B isa subsidiary of A the seas were formed (this ji B © The different ways in which water is used in heading households/homes. 4A, because it includes the information in B. e The fact that irrigation uses the most water and themical content of the sea the disproportionate amount of household water used in gardens and swimming pools. (Other Possib The sea / Origins of the sea answers are possible 6 a peak ©. surface 3 a water usage/consumption b creatures f fossil b houschold water usage/consumption € immense numbers /g marine ¢ higher/arger d irrigation e industry ast numbers h continents, absent d- minute /mar'njust From Chart B we can see that by far the la proportion of domestic water, well over 50% in fuct Step 5 pre ‘io, AYN goes into gardens and swimming pools. Drinking and P i. cooking aecount for a smaller volume of water 2 ships and cargoes consumption than personal hygiene and clothes atellite navigation technology washing, which together make up about 25% Spain A very small percentage of water is used for other a aerogenes Colasibes purposes which are not identified in the chart. When ae Ke Antonio read together, the two charts provide a useful sandy seabed / sand overview of water use in Australia computerised (marine) charts 5 The diagram is a cross section of the sea shore showing the different zones made by high and loy n 7 tides. 6 a cross section / profile low and high ¢ intertidal zone d_under water / subme e sand dunes Paragraph C: the biggest, the smallest, bi 2 a the most significant 4. the spiciest b_ more convenient; less personal e.better; better © quicker 118 22Maia Sample answer First paragraph explains what the diagrams showe and describes the first diagram The two diagrams illustrate the shape and formation of the land under the sea. The first profile provides a cross section of the coast of a continent beneath the surface of the sea, and illustrates that the continental shelf goes to a depth of approximately 200 metres helow sea level. The land then drops abruptly to the bottom of the ocean, which is known as the sea floor. Answer key Second paragraph describes second diagram The second ¢ and the amount of light that penetrates to the bottom. Sea level is shown as 0m and the first 200m below the surface is referred to as the sunlight zone. This is where the continental shelf ends. Below this is the twilight zone, which descends for $00m. The water tempera proximately 5°C in this zone. The area between 1000:m and 4000 m is known as the dark zone gram focuses on the depth of the ocean shown is with a water temperature of 1-2°C. Almost no light can penetrate this far down, 160 words) come rain or shine and secu Exercises 2 and 3 ‘And weleome to today’s phone-in! So let's go to our first caller who is... ane. Good morning, Jane Good morning. Now we've been having our fair share of rain this month, How do you feel about this wet weather? Oh, Its great! Llove the rain, Oh really? Why's that, Jane? Well, I just love the sound of it on the window. Especially se and secur And do you have a musical request this morn ‘Yes. Ti like to hear Stormy Monday Blues OK, Jane, Stormy Monday Blues coming up. when I'm tucked up in bed ... it makes me f ‘And our next caller is Bruno. Are you there, Bruno? Hi Bruno — where are you calling from? Melbourne The line’s not very clear, mate! ‘That's ‘cos I'm calling on my mobile and I'm stuck in the traffic let: What do you think of this weather we've been having? ‘Oh! It’s terrible. It’s driving me mad! The traffic always worse when it rai Well, we need it, you know! Yeah, but not this much OK ... so what would you like to hear thi So, Bruno didn't think much of this weather take another call. Mary! Hello Yes, we Let's an hear you, Where are you ealling from, Mary? From a property in the far west of Vietoria, We're on a sheep farm here ‘And what do you think of this rain? ‘Oh... Is marvellous! It's been dry as a bone here for months. We desperately needed the rain. We haven't seen decent rain for over two years. Yes - it's terrible for the farmers when there's a long drought. But that’s a familiar pattern in the bush. T rain or not enought Let’s play a little song about the rain. much Let's take another call, And this time its Liz from the suburb of Carlton in Melbourne Hello! Ar Melbourn No ... Lean't stand it. I much prefer the sunshine ‘Why's that, Liz? Its good for the garden ‘Yes, but when it rains this much, you get soaked going to school and then you have to spend the whole day sitting around in wet clothes. Have you thought of taking an umbrella or a rain coat? ‘Oh, no, I couldn't use an umbrella, You look so stupid ‘ou enjoying allthis rain we're having in carrying an umbrel (OK, Liz, And what would you like us to play for you a. No, Td rather get wet today? Brercise 4 OK, so let’ go to our first caller. Hello! And what's And where are you calling from? ‘And what's the weather like there today? Is it? And do you like that kind of weather? OK. And what would you like us to play for you today 11 SSAnswer key 6 a shade b the sun / the heat f steel frame ¢ the (ancient) Greeks g two (people d Italy € position in society d TONIC ee Presenter Well, with allthis rain about, we thought we'd doa bit of research into the origin of umbrellas. Where did umbrellas come from and why were they introduced? Let's go over to our resident specialist, Kerry MeCall. What have you got for us on ‘umbrellas, Kerry? Quite abit, actually, John, Well. the English word ‘umbrella’ comes from the Latin word ‘umbra’ which means ‘shade’. Ths is because the original umbrellas weren't used to protect you from the rain, bt they were used to protect you fram the sun in hot climates such as India, Exypt and China. Carrying an umbrella was seen as a sign that you were an important person. Ordinary people were expected to bake in the sunt Umbrellas were introduced into Burope by the ancient Greeks +o keop them cool, but it was the Romans who first thought to use them to keep themselves dry! Perhaps there wasn't v much rain i Not like here, ch? There isn't ‘much information available on umbrellas throughout the Middle Ages, but by the late 1500s we see umbrellas being used es As in earlier days, we find the important people using umbrellas because having an umbrella reflected your ‘your position in society. But by the 1600s umbrellas were xy were everywhere in ancient Gree common in France and a century later t Europe. In 1850, the traditional umbrellas, which were made ‘with umbrellas with a steel frame out of cane, were replac Because they were stronger, this meant that they could also be much bigger, and we see the first of the really large ‘man-size™ ‘umbrellas, big enough for two people In modern English, the word ‘umbrella’ usually indicates something you would use to keep yourself dry rather tl bbut we do also talk about a ‘beach umbrella’, which is obi not to proteet you from the rain Ca 1 a They provide information about the annual temperatures and rainfall in two Australian cities: Brisbane and Melbourne b The tables are exactly the same contain parallel information. © They do not provide percer raw data. 1 Jayout and. es. They provide 2 Possible answers Melbourne has a cooler, slightly drier climate than Brisba January isa warms Melbourne. month in Brisbane than in Melbourne has a colder climate than Brisban The months of April and July are colder Melbourne than in Brisbane. 3 a In Melbourne, the hottest month is January b The coolest time of year in Melbourne is in July ¢ July is the coolest time of year in Brisbane. 4 The wettest period in Brisbane is in January e The driest period in Melbourne is in January Melbourne has the least number of rainy days in January sbane has the most rainy days in January and east rainy days in July, 4 Possible answers a In Melbourne, the hottest month is January, when the average temperature goes as high as 26°C during the day b The coolest time of year in Melbourne is in July At this tin temperatures drop to as low as 4°C ¢ July is the coolest time of year in Brisbane, but rage temperature even then the minimum ave does not go below 11°C. 4 The wettest period in Brisba when they receive 169mm of rain. € The driest period in Melbourne is in January although the rainfall in that month is only Emm less than in July £ Melbourne has the least number of rainy days in puary — only 8 days. most rainy days in January and ily: that is 14 days and 7 ny days in days respectively: rossible answers a There are more rainy days in July in Melbourne Brisbane. However, in January Brisbane is the wetter of the two cities. b October is the wettest month whereas January is the wettest n They both have an average of 14 rainy days at these times ¢ July is the coldest month in both Brisbane and Melbourne, buv/however the maximum temperatures in considerably higher than in Melbourne 4. In January, the amount of rain that falls in Brisbane is much greater than in Melbourne although Brisbane has only six more days of rain, € There is a difference of only $°C between the nm and minimum temperatures in Brisbane in summer, whereas in Melbourne the difference is larger. On the other hand this difference decreases in winter in July © 11°C 4 colder felbourne onth in Brisbane isbane ar 7 a warmer b temperature8 Sample answer Both Melbourne and Brisbane have a good annual rainfall, Brisbane, however, receives almost twice as much rain as Melbourne, while it has fewer wet days. The wettest months in both cities are January and October, although neither city has a totally dry season, according to the data Scr MEATY Possible answers a storm/flood/hurricane b the root/house € frightening/annoying/distressing loss/anger/fe flooded / but down d e damaged f repairs & renovate the house h in the holidays / can come and paint i improve it drop me a line / give me a ring Sample answer Dear Anna and Leo ‘We were shocked to hear from Lara about the storm that hit your city recently and the damage done to your house. How awful to come home from your holiday to find the roof blown off the house! T understand how you must feel, as we had a similar experience a few years ago when there was a sudden electrical storm here in Sydney. I came home from work to find that a tree had fallen on top of the house and all the windows were broken. Fortunately the insurance covered the cost of the repairs, but it was still very upsetting Answer key I suppose you have to think positively in situations like this and look at the opportunity you have to improve your house ~ give it a new look. If we can do anything for you in the holidays, we'd be happy to help. Drop us a line and let us know Best wishes, 152 words) Sample answer Dear Sir Thave just returned home after spending three nights, at your hotel in Paddington. The staff were very friendly and the location is extremely convenient However, I feel I must express my disappointment about the room, As we all know, London is experiencing a very warm res around 30°C last summer this vear, with tempe week, which is quite unusual, As a result, it was very hot in my room on the sixth floor. Because of the extreme heat in the room, I had to leave the windows open all night and so it was very noisy, as the hotel ison a main road and the traffic never stops in London. Consequently, I got very little sleep over the three days T think it would be a good idea to install an air- conditioning system in the hotel. This could also be used as a heating system in the winter and would certainly make the rooms more comfortable. Perhaps you would consider giving me a discount if I come to your hotel again, Took forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, 185 words} 121Answer key oni Value for money a value xchange d change b currency ftrade g h paper money i bill j e inflation panknotes Kk prices step up tod 1 two of the following shells, butter, salt 2 (the) Chinese 8 12/twebe 3 Kublai Khan 9 gold, silver 4 Sweden 10 printer 5 Bankof England 11 smaller countries 6 (the) euro 12. Australia 7 \4billion 13 Hong Kong ‘You may think that people nt change very much over the year but, as you can see from this graph, it pending do does vary. There are two distinet periods when we spend more and th hese two peaks. Otherwise the pattern is fairly There rate, Its often affected by vi aff absentee and the offic re always fluctuations in ou coughs and colds, that sort of thing. They result in periods when a lot of staff may be off at the four months of this year, for example, the figures show that time, Over the first iderably more staff were off sick in January time for illness ~ but then numbers gradually declined and in April we had almost no-one absent from work. And what al 2 wur data shows that between 1997 and 2000 China's dramatically in comparison with ady but less signifieant growth s you ean see from this graph, international trade levels Jobal trade, which showed 4.1 US/Canada—b 2 Europe-a 3 South America—e 4 Pacific Rim ~d 5 India ~c -ompany has do over the year. This graph compares sales for most of our holiday destinations As you can see, sales of eruise holidays to Canada and the US ely well. They fluctuated throu, year, then there was a slight dip towards the end of did moder out most of the However, this set ended the year at an all-time high. After a disappointing start, interest in our European package holidays inereased in February and continued this trend, peaking in May. After that, there was a slight fall, after which sales ately, the months of the year saw a dramatic drop in sales, abilised for some time, Unforts last two Now ur biggest growth area last year was South America Sales of holidays to places like Brazil and Argentina rose rapil n the first half of the year and even though they levelled off mid-year, the sector remained stable until the end of the year we reason, the number of long-haul flights to Pacific Rim destinations plummeted at the start of the year. Then, things hit fairly low plateau until August, at which time they underwent a steep rise, ending the year at quite a high point, Lastly, India was a popular tourist destination and flight sal rose in the first few months of the year. However, this situa didn't last an her dramatically after that. This rend stabilised towards the end of the year, however, and ther ns th 1. spend, has risen, spent, spent, is expected, will rise it will improve next year. 2 Possible answers a. are predicted to rise b will take up / give up ¢ is expected to fall d Tour operators 3a PS bPP c PP hF iPS jF kF 4 Possible answers edict that d PS 1 PP ePS fF g PP a show/indicate have changed b is predicted g predicte ¢ to fall h will come came from i islikel e were produced jis expectedSte 7 Dp ONMA EAA Re Sample answer 1 Note: This answer is less than 150 words because this first Step-up task is not a full exam question. The opening paragraph states what the graph shows and describes the main trend. The graph is about the number of people in Cl own vehicles. It provides figures between 1987 1999 and it shows that the number of privately owned vehicles increased significantly over this period. (The next ttco paragraphs describe the trend in more jhlight it with data from the graph. Between 1987 and 1991, this rise was gradual. For example there were just under 500 vehicles per million of the population in 1987 and this figure rose to 1,000 in 1992, However, over the next eight years the increase was between 1992 and 1999, there was a sharp rise in vehicle ownership. By the end of 1999, there were just over 4,000 vehicles per million of the population much greater an The final sentence draws a simple conclusion from the data.) g from the data in this graph, the trend is likely ne in the future (122 words Sample answer 2 This is a full answer The first two sentences form the opening paragraph that states what the chart shows and describes the main trends. The chart shows the changes in the sales of video DVDs, g: \l CDs around the world in billions of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased, while the sales of CDs have s software gone down slightly (The next two paragraphs describe the trends in more detail and highlight them with data from the chart Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of videos and DVDs rose by approximately’ 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just Answer key under 20 billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars. The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales inereased from about 13 illion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from 35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003. (152 words) aaa Sample answer The furst sentence introduces the topic of the pie chart and graph. The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001 The second paragraph describes the pie chart. As there is not a lot of data in the pie chart, itis possible to mention ital In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide. The ner was North America, where 304 per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased 20,5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East largest const ined fairly small consu ers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales, The third paragraph describes the graph and outlines the trend over the five-year period. Note that not all the data is mentioned. No obvious conclusion can be drawn from the data, Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated, In that year, shares were valued at approximately 835, Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share. They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98, From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000. 166 words) 123ignorance is bliss en IELTS READING paracrapu Heanives ‘mn both the Academic and General Training Reading papers, you may be tested on your understanding of the main topics, themes or ideas in paragraphs. This 's done through the ‘Paragraph heading’ task To get going 1 Read paragraph 1, which is taken from a college handbook. Which of the topics below best fits as a heading? Group tutors ‘Tutorial sessions Student workload 2 The headings below focus on possible themes within paragraph 1. Which of these best fits? Looking after student welfare Creating the right learning situation Running compulsory courses ‘Some paragraphs are less factual than others. They offer opinions and discuss things. Paragraphs like these may have headings that ee ae the tateiah are Sodpee is responsible for t students solve problems and discuss any matters that concern them, Eh asa teacher, itis important to become aware of your students’ preferred learning styles. If you do this, you may be able to encourage students who do not respond to you as you would like them to. College students these days have often grown up with TV, video games and computers. They can interact well with machines and this may mean that they favour their use in the classroom and react badly to lectures and other more formal teaching methods are less obvious to spot. 3 Underline the main idea in paragraph 2, which comes from a teaching journal. 4 Which heading best fits? Why? Why students are failing courses Students’ over-dependence on computers Adapt to your students’ needs When you do a paragraph heading task, the paragraphs in the reading passage will be labelled, starting with A. Your task will be to match each paragraph to the correct heading. All the other headings willbe wrong and there will be some extra headings that you will not need, Step 1 ‘Skim through the list of headings first. Are there ‘any words that you have not seen before? If so, can you guess their meaning? Underline any key words. Step 2 Read paragraph A and underline the topic and main idea. Do any of the headings i-v match this? Repeat the procedure for paragraph B. 46 IELTS READING TASK Choose the correct heading i-v for each paragraph from the of headings below A. In order to be successful, students must be able to work alone. You eet ot Headey should make sure that you do this i Extra-curricula regularly, in addition to attending activities lectures and other activities on your i Independent timetable. You may choose to work study outside the college but there are also | ii: Who is es provided within the coll responsible for to help you. your learning? B In the Leaming Resource Centre, . J you will find staffavailable to give you Advice in using the facilities provided. ¢ from computer workstations and audio/video machines to spec for pri iv Using the coll v How to adapt | different teachiq styles alist journals, There are areas | study, group work and = tutorials if you need extra help,Narration and past tenses 1 Read this description that a student has written about a former teacher and underline all the past tense verb forms. 2 Which of the verbs that you have underlined ... a describes a past situation that is linked to the present time? » describes a completed past event? © describes a completed past event within another past event? 3 Match the verb tenses below (1-3) with the descriptions in exercise 2 (a-c). 1 simple past 2 present p 3 past pe 4 Use the notes opposite to write a description of ‘Mr Finn. 5 Complete these sentences. In each case, can you name the verb tense you used? Example: I heve always. wanted. (always) (want) to learn Japanese but unfortunately I have never had the time. present perfect It (take) my sister six months to learn to drive before she finally passed her driving test. Unit 7 Ignorance is bliss Whon I was a Fam 4 studort, my favourite feacher was Ms thodey ube taught Histary and Huey didn't bore us tke other teachers because She was 20 ontertanng, Alsy you cau ahuays te that she had dove a lot of preparation before each dass, uch made us Fed spacal Sree Z became a teachar myself, 2 have thought about Mes Huxley a lot. She has leFt the sched raw and wovter iF she realses that her od studorts haven't Foractton her! rm Fin rapnies, fine V4 clogs Weharer Souin Least Favourite: spouted A lot, lots of nomuwork fo. Byoupwork oF PUYsena LIP fo previews tanning cxpenienee - dull in Gyt for me sinee then fo inturest bit - (take) me six months to paint this pieture and I'm still working on it © How (come) to college this morning? ¢ The course was a lot harder than T (expected) before I started my degree. el (live) in London since 1 was a child and I don't think I could live anywhere els. ft (apply) for an extension for your visa yet? better be quick because today’s the last day! & By the time Michael got to the library, his sister 5 (already) (leave). 6 Find an example of used to + infinitive in the description used to + infinitive This structure is used to describe a past habit that does For example: Lused to be very hard working. (i.e. but now Lam not) used to wear glasses. (ie. but now I don't) I didn’t use to wear contact but now I do) I didn’t use to like learning English. (ie. but now T do) of Mrs Huxley in exercise 1. Write about three things that you used to do and three things that you didn't use to do. 't exist now.Unit 7 Ignorance is bliss Academic and General Training Writing Task 2: Forming ideas Cs You have to writ ark if you do not ADEECTIVES NOUNS ve enough will help you produce collaborative approach nd organise your ideas quickly, b a old-fashioned — course ‘ low-tech equipme: To get going optional lecturer ©) 1 For each adjective, choose its opposite from the box of useful words. practical learning Which noun(s) from the box can you use with each pair of adjectives? relaxed snellveds adjective opposite : Pie high-tech lensed equipment theoretical Srest tip» ou There isa lt of vocabulary modern lated othe topic of education and earning, tis strict ail very useful foc LTS and independent You shold lam as much as you can Using your imagination and experience 2 Read the sample task opposite. In order to write an answer to this, you need to compare formal and informal teaching are more reliable and produce better results than methods. Exercises 3-8 will help you work informal methods. towards the answer you will write in exercise 9. Do you agre Formal education methods, where the teacher instructs thi hole class and the students work alone, or disagre ©9 3 Look at the two pictures below. Use your own experience to say which picture is more familiar to you. + Discuss the similarities and differences between the two pictures. + Use your imagination to say which learning situation you would prefer. 4 Categorise the differences between pictures A and B by completing the table opposite. Use an adjective and support this with a ——_ some evidence. seeUnit 7 Ignorance is bliss 5 Complete the short paragraph below, which compares two different learning environments. Se ee IN ‘Twenty years ago, classtooms were (a)... places with desks f = \ es eae (= ces ee same cata | things are quite (c) _.... and students often sit in \> thoughts ints paragapts: @ a. ad WOHK (€) enn \\ one category = one / Paragraph. ©) 6 Take 15 minutes to write a short paragraph about ONE of the other categories — in exercise 4, Brainstorming opposing ideas or themes IELTS Writing tasks often ask you to discuss opposing viewpoints or to give your opinion on issues that have two or more sides to them. 7 Imagine that you have to discuss the question at the centre of the diagram below. Read the notes that a student has made and complete the ideas/themes with an opposite. # Active versus 4 Discovery and. research versus = tearing ye WOW 82 You rote learning © Visual versus & Greup versus raters 4 Practical approach versus “Aqgueicgd® Sc Continuous assessment versus 8 Choose two themes from the diagram above and develop them with further ideas/examples/reasons. An example has been done for you. How do | prefer to learn? rest tip . main ideas/themes reasons Wiest tip A groups. i lear from talking to. others /- youhave alot ofdeas, you can't writ about them al | z Pick the most interesting ones \\ and develop those, so that |, your paragraphs are coterent =a = \ and have a clear structure. fii working. adore. too_ dull (© 9 Read this paragraph that has been written using the notes above. Take 15 minutes to write two more paragraphs using the notes you made in exercise 8. An informal approach to learning often means that students lear in groups, rather than asa whole class with the teacher standing at the front. I think group learning is beneficial because you can leam from talking to other students. If you are alone all the time, you only have your ‘own ideas to work with, whereas group learning helps you expand your mind and appreciate a range of ideas. Generally, this is more interesting than working independently. eeUnit 7 Ignorance is bliss Part 2: Giving a talk In Part 2 of the Speaking test, you have to talk for one to two minutes on a topic that the examiner ‘gives you. Before you talk, you have one minute to write notes on a piece of paper. Remember that you can lose marks for poor pronunciation in any part of the Speaking test. Pronunciation check ‘To form the past tense of regular verbs in English, we add -ed but the -ed forms are not always pronounced in the same way. 1 First, listen to the examples in the table and repeat them. Then listen to the short conversations below and decide which column the verbs belong in. id no 1 USEFUL RULES After d and t use /1d/. ‘After vowels and voiced consonants, e.g. b, m, ot eoeeeessEFEseSi ee a —— After unvoiced consonants, e.g, p, f, sh, use A/. “attended played ne table) George promised to pick The waiter bumped into the table jeorge promi and then spilled the drinks ail over | me ‘up on time, but then, as ne of the customers. it was hilarious! usual, he turned up late. | expected the repairs to take two days, ) but they fixed the car straight away. A : : A Thank goodness! So you arrived ‘And | suppose everybody in time for the wedding after al in the restaurant laughed! ) But you enjoyed the ™ evening, didn't you? Talking for one minute 2 Select one of the following questions. Time yourself and see if you ‘can talk to your partner about it for one minute. ©) 2 Describe your old schoo! uniform, Describe a special ceremony that took place at your school © Describe a school assignment that you once did. mber well be a student you re be the sports or social facilities at your school. £ Describe a school trip that you went on. 3 Imagine that you have been given this topic: Describe a school you once attended You should say: = what the school classrooms looked like = what the teachers were Uke ~ how the subjects were taught and explain whether or not you fel it was @ good school. : oa 2 The card helps you organise your talk into thee points. + Read the card, then take one minute to write some key words for each point. + Now give your talk to your partner. * Record it if you can. Listen to your partner's talk. Are the past tenses used and pronounced correctly?GENERAL TRAINING READING Section 2 { | Thisis fest tip a seh You are advised to spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-13. Sitar ene Read this extract from a student handbook and answer: Questions 1-7. module. a Instructions for International Students Before you arrive ternational students have to ty 4.6500 deposi to the college before they ative. £350 of ‘this oes towards tuition fees and the remaining 8150 is used asa general deposit and end of the course, if tis not needed to cover costs that result from breakages or other accidents The Finance Office wil provide all students with a reference number and this must be given ‘when they contact the office about matters relating to their personal finances. ‘Tuition fees All tuition fees must be paid in advance and in full forthe complete year, apart from fees for Additional English which may be paid in instalments by semester. Semester fees should still he paid in advance Stade Refunds 1. full refund ofthe tuition deposit is only possible if the student writes to the college two weeks before the course starts. Letters that arive after this will be considered on a case-bycase basis but ‘deposit will only be refunded in very exceptional circumstances, I the full fees are not paid ater the student arrives at college, then the deposit s not refundable under any circumstances, 2. Students may Ie ‘of what remains of thir tuition fees In order to receive this, however. they must inform the college, in ‘writing, oftheir intention to leave and this letter must reach the Finance Office within the two-week ids are only possible for subsequent semesters and of wodation expenses goto th ‘with special circumstances’ may pay their fees as aranged prior to admission he college at any time during the ist two weeks and expect to receive a refund inance Office to collect cheques to cover the refund of their general deposit Ist week of the academic year. Any other book or equipment deposits may also be collected n. Students will lose their deposits if they fil to claim them within three months of leaving the college. This docs not apply if students have chosen to leave their deposits in the College account because they are returning to enrol forthe next academic year. Complete the sentences below with words taken from ‘Instructions for International Students’. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 1 The college may use up to yy for any damage caused by the student. 2 If you want to talk about finance with someone, you will need to know your = of the student deposit to 3 Students do not need to pay all the course fees for — at the same time. 4 Ifyou start your course and then decide to leav /ou must apply for a refund within of the starting date. 5 Ifa full fee refund is due to you, the college will first check that you do not owe anything for a 6 Students have up to to collect their & ip» depose eng es calle W Test tip 7 All deposits held by the college may be used to help cover costs in a new | Remember, you must use words from the ‘eather, own words. rot your /Unit 7 Ignorance is bliss GENERAL TRAINING READING Section 2 Now read the information on page 53 and answer Questions 8-13 below | The reading passage has 6 paragraphs A-F. | Choose the correct heading for each paragraph, from the list of headings below "List of Headings i Be prepared for di ds of assessment Mix with people from different count ili Make sure your work is your own iv Aim to be su sful on your course ¥ Attend lectures regularly vi Don’t believe everything you hear vii Feel free to discuss your education viii Don’t worry about having a smart appearance ix Don’t be afraid to speak up 8 Paragraph A 9 Paragraph B 10 Paragraph C 11 Paragraph D 12 Paragraph E 13. Paragraph F Remember! © There will be two texts in Section 2 and both will be related to education, training ‘or academic study. * You should spend about 10 minutes on each text and questions. «© The total number of words in the two texts will be about 750, ‘© The question formats may be any of the IELTS task types. | | | | | Approach | ‘+ Read the title of the passage. What do you expect the passage to be about? | + Do a quick read of the passage. Who do you think it has been written by and who | do you think it has been written for? | * Go straight to the list of headings and read through them, Underline any key | words that relate to topies or main ideas. | | | | J ‘+ Note the style of the set of headings. Are they testing facts or ideas? * Underline the topic and main idea in the first paragraph. Then, skim the list of headings to see if there is one that matches. Repeat this procedure with each paragraph, © Hyo uot find a heading, leave that paragraph and go on to the next. You can come back to it later and you will have fewer headings to choose from then.Unit 7 Ignorance is bliss | Test practice = STUDYING IN THE USA | A American films exaggerate things in order to excite audiences and so they present a rather odd picture of what life in the US is really like. Even if some ideas are true {or certain individuals, they may not be true in general. For example, although Americans tend to be louder than people from other cultures, many of the people you meet when you study in the US will be quiet and polite. B Americans are much more assertive than most international visitors. They use words as tools to give their views and to accomplish goals. It is expected that you will offer opinions and attempt to persuade someone to adopt your view. Take the initiative and volunteer information that will be of interest. In an interview, talk about your goals and accomplishments. Eye contact is also important. It is not a sign of disrespect, but instead an indication of openness, honesty and enthusiasm. © You will find that teaching styles in the US are very different from those in other countries. Teaching in the US is interactive and less dependent on rote learning, Professors prefer discussion and debate to passive silence and classes are often ‘organised in groups. Students regularly visit lecturers to ask questions about their courses and how they are doing. Your faculty will also have open office hours for students to come by and ask questions, D Americans tend to be more informal than people from other countries, Its common for Americans to wear casual clothing to school and to greet professors by first name. Nevertheless, good manners and politeness are always appropriate. If you are courteous and polite, and dress a tle more formally than your American friends, it will only reflect well on you. However, asin most countries, t would be inappropriate to wear a T-shirt and jeans to an interview, Unless the professor has indicated that collaboration is expected, you should produce your written work by yourself. Collaborating with {fellow students on individual assignments is considered cheating. Studying with others is fine, but assignments should be completed alone. Likewise, using someone else's ideas or quoting a text without properly acknowledging the source is plagiarism. Cheating and plagiarism are grounds for failing or even expulsion. | | F Your grade in most classes will be based on your scores on tests, quizzes, and assignments. Ifthe class has a recitation or discussion section, active participation can improve your grade. The better the professor and teaching assistants know you and your work, the better they will be able to judge your progress. Good luck in your first semester! iListening for specific information Many questions in IELTS test your understanding of details or specific information so learning how to extract details from a speech or dialogue is an important listening skill co at @9 1 Ask and answer these questions. >What are the best ways to keep healthy? > What is meant by the saying ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away’ 2 Match the words in the box to the correct parts of the body in the picture. ankle back elbow knee ribs neck shoulder throat toe wrist 3 Why are these parts of the body important? Can you say where they are and what their main function is? heart stomach b lungs brain (@ 4 Listen to six conversations, all of them related to accidents, and match the conversations to the pictures. There are some extra pictures that you will not need. a a a @® 5 Listen again and make a list of all parts of the body describing discomfort or pain the parts of the body the speakers 1 Feels lke a bad bun mentioned. What words did the speakers use to describe how they felt or to describe the pain? Complete the table.Step upto IELTS SPEAKING parrz In Part 2 of the Speaking test, you have to give a short talk lasting 1-2 Unit 8 Fit as a fiddle inutes. The examiner will explain what you have to talk about and then give you a minute to read a card. To get going Look at the conversation below in which someone is telling a friend about an accident he had. ((( tripped on the steps outside the colle yesterday, and twisted my ankle Have you ever hurt yourself? Ask and answer these questions, Then use the follow-up questions to find out more details. Have you ever When did it happen?) hurt yourself vr a How did you do it? ) Did it hurt?) Step 1 Take 1 minute to read the card below. Then turn it over and see if you can remember the things you have to talk about. Describe a minor accident that you had in the past. You should say: how the accident happened what you did about it how long you took to recover and explain how you felt about the accident. Step 2 Now take 5 minutes to prepare your talk by completing the notes opposite. Step 3 Give your talk to your partner. Get = your partner to time how long it takes. Try to stick to the 2 minutes allowed. If you go over 2 minutes, your partner should stop you. Accident: How it happened: What | did: How long | took to recover: Step 4 How | fet: Listen to the recording of a model Part 2 of the Speaking test. “Oh how awful think those steps are») \ quite dangerous. Did you hurt yourset? ) FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS What did you do then? How did you feel? Did you go to the doctor? Did you have to go to hospital? How long did it take to get better? How long did it take to Does it still hurt? m {opic otherwise you wl lose mars, Sirest tio Rasa ani prepare in the real test. However, it | is important to spend extra time in = |, the classroom practising your skill \, at noting down useful information, \\ This should provide the dey / DNS points for your tak A 55Unit 8 Fit as a fiddle Will/would, canfcould Conditional 1 Til go to the concert on Saturday, if I have enough money for a ticket. will + verb ...,if + present simple (The speaker intends to go.) Whether to use will or would Conditional 2 depends on the tense of the ver I'd go to the concert on Saturday, if I had enough money for a ticket. the subordinate if cl would + verb ..., if + past simple (The speaker is unlikely to go. What would you do if you won a luxury car in a competition? (The listener ts unlikely t0 win.) Td sell t and buy a second-hi \d one and keep the rest of the money. Complete the sentences below with will or would. Example: My grandfather ..would.__. be very surprised if he saw us now al definitely marry him if he asked me to. > People ive up smoking if they are told to by their doctor. ¢ Ifwe had on that be a nice change! day withe {Ifthe neighbours don't stop playing that music, I go completely mad IFT didn’t know you better, I say you were crazy GRAMMAR, The verb can There is no infinitive form of the modal can and there are only two real tenses. oi Note how the meaning changes according to the situation, (3 Present simple Past simple caniean't + verb couldicouldn’t + verb o My uncle can see well enough to drive, but he can't read without his glasses. He is able to drive but he is not able to read.) [bent down to pick up a box but then I couldn't stand up again. ‘Le. I wasn't able to stand up.) You can't drive in Australia until you are 17 years old. i.e. You are not allowed to drive. NB Could is often used in polite requests, e.g. Could you tell me the Don't confuse it with the past form. e? me 2 Re-write the sentences below with an appropriate form of can by changing the words in italics. Example: I wasn’t able to go to the concert on Friday I couldn't go to the concert on Friday. 2 [know how to play chess but I'm not a very good player. I got to the cinema early but I wasn’t able to get seats Men are not allowed to go to the Opera if they're not wearing a collar and tie. d Aren't you able to come this evening? What a pity! © Ididn’t know how to speak much English before I started this course. You aren't allowed to get a credit card until you've got a fulltime job. It’s so unfair! Because of the bad weather cond 1s, I was unable to see out of the car window:Unit 8 Fit as a fiddle Academic Writing Task 1: Using noun phrases ‘Noun phrases are often useful in Task 1 in order to provide information about the subject ofthe graph or chart. tis important that this information is clear and complete GRAMMAR Noun phrases eas Look at this noun phrase which has four pieces of informati § 20 number + overweight + people + the USA. It tells us what the Le graph is about. : = g iso The number of overweight people in the USA g 100 Here is a description of the overall trend on the graph: Big ade ako noun phrase verb adverbial phrase The number of overweight people in the USA + has increased’ + ‘over the past twenty years. 1 Underline the noun phrase in these sentences. . a Statistics show that the ageing population in Europe is growing steadily. lest ti b According to the data, children under the age of ten enjoy reading more than adults. Test tip © The number of births per 1000 of the population is falling in some countries. |. pases ae 4 In recent years, there has been an increase in the spread of malaria in Africa. \ ate ute oe! 2 Describe the overall trend in these graphs starting with a noun phrase of = at least five words. Use the word in brackets to help you decide on the tense you will use. ‘Theatre tickets (Deteen) ise increase improve ts go up (by/to) reach fall decrease decline drop |_—__——__—__ fluctuate go down (by/to) dip plummet® | thi verb fs strong that iis not + | used with an advers ADVERBS/ADJECTIVES: Female managers (snce) | slight(ly) - moderate(ly) sharp(ly) _steepily) dramatically ) considerable(-ably) | signifieant(ly) a paises remain stable level off 1390198019900 198 ~ eens 3 Another way of describing a trend is to use the noun form of the verb within the noun phrase, e.g. There has been an increase in the number of overweight people in recent years. Re-write your sentences from exercise 2 in this way, using There as the first word. Remember that the tense you use will depend on the adverb / time phrase. (See page 43.) oat ado 22 uA OW ) WiUnit 8 Fit as a fiddle Steg IELTS LISTENING secnow Section 2 is a talk by one speaker on a general topic. Most talks are divided into two parts and the questions will follow the order of information in each part. Before each part begins, you will be given some time to read through the questions To get going i 1 It is useful to consider what you know IELTS LISTENING Section 2 about the topic during the preparation Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN time. This may help you answer some THREE WORDS for each answer. of the questions. Jean Henri Dunant: » What is the Red Cross? — was a citizen of 1 > What does it do? — 1859 — Italy - helped wounded soldiers — > Where are its headquarters located? provided food and 2 2 Be prepared to hear words related to — 1864 organised a conference which was the First the topic. 3 Do you know the meaning of the words in the box? Use a good dictionary if you are uncertain. Make sure you know how they are pronounced. Red cross chosen as emblem to symboli their activities 5 of famine and — Misuse of the emblem is 5 — In Australia the colours used to indicate First Aid are 6 and emergency first aid injury wounded symbol emblem victim The aims of First Aid are to: conscious unconscious recover 7 preserve protect prevent Se Sao 8 the vietim Step 1 — prevent things from worsening Read questions 1-6. For each question, ~ promote recovery note what type of answer you need to Complete the chart below: Write NO MORE THAN THREE listen for. Use the words in the question VORDS for each answer to help you. For example, for question 1 you need to listen for the name of a city or country. Accidental injuries in Australia in 1992 | Step 2 @ Listen to the first part of the talk and answer questions 1-6. Step 3 Discuss what you think are the main aim of First Ald. Look at questons LSS Srest tip 7 and 8. | Remember that in the ‘\ eal test you will only / Step 4 \\ bear the recording _/ @ took at he br chart and questions 9 and 10. Decide what type of information i mltg, Then Ele Sood pet of the talk and answer questions 7-10. 58 Renn nn nnnUnit @ Fit as a fiddle LTS Test practice ACADEMIC READING Section 2 Questions 1-6 The red ling passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below List of Headings Brest tip. Mt: i Better area distribution of medicines ge There are always atleast three more headings inthis exercise | than you need. This actualy beips you because it allows you local enquiry | \, to get one answer wrong Time for a cha Research uncovers useful information f A checklist of procedures introduced Tackling the problem throt Excellent outcome gives hope to others without affecting al your Tanzania gripped by disease Sather answers Immunisation programmes lack effect ne a ix Aid package comes with conditions The vicious cycle ot porey id sew (=| zum oncers A Test tip Paragraph A x ‘in Units 4 and 7 about \ Example Answer 1 Par |, Tes hs wi hep you arse 2 Par sararagh heaing ts. Ut 1 3 Pax “aso contains sone flow-up 4 Paragraph E woken is 5 Par " - For 80 cents more Even a tiny health budget, if spent well, can make a difference A Delivering medicine to the world’s poorest People is a challenge. Hot, poor places such as Tanzania have many microbes but microscopic health budgets. Dangerous myths deter many sick rural folk from seeking medical help. Even if they do seek help, it is often unavailable, for they do not have the money to pay for it, and their government rarely has the money to give it to them for free. Because they cannot afford adequate health care, poor people are sick a lot of the time. And because they are sick a lot of the time, they find it hard to put in the long hours of productive labour that might make them less poor.Unit 8 Fit as a fiddle B All hope is not lost, however. A recent experiment in Tanzania has shown that 2 small health budget can go a long way, provided that the money is spent with care. With the help of a Canadian charity called the International Development Research Center (IDRC), the Tanzanian health ministry set up a health project in two rural ricts, to the west of the capital Dar es Salaam, with a combined population of about 700,000, Five years ago, annual health spending in Tanzania was about $8 a head. This figure included an estimate for the annual cost of trained staff and buildings devoted to health care. The IDRC added $2 a head to the pot, on condition that it was spent rationally. By this, the donors meant that the amount of money spent on fighting 2 particular disease should reflect the burden that disease imposed on the local population. This may sound obvious; however, in this region, no one had a clue which diseases caused the most trouble, so the first task was to find out. Researchers were sent out on bicycles to carry out a door-to-door survey, asking representative households whether anyone had been ill or died recently, and if so with what symptoms. These raw numbers were then crunched to produce a "burden of disease’ profile for the two districts. In other words, researchers sought to measure how many years of life were being lost to each disease, including the damage done to families when breadwinners! die. D They then compared their results with the amount spent by the local health authorities on each disease and found that it bore no relation whatsoever to the harm which the disease inflicted on local people. Some diseases were horribly neglected, such as malaria, which accounted for 30% of the years of life lost but only 5% of the health budget. A cluster of childhood problems, including pneumonia, diarrhoea, malnutrition and measles, constituted 28% of the disease burden, but received only 13% of the budget. Other conditions, meanwhile, attracted more than their fair share of cash. ‘Tuberculosis, which accounted for less than 4% of years of life lost, received 22% of the budget. Vaccinations also appeared to be over-emphasised though the low incidence of vaccine-preventable disease was probably a result of successful vaccination. E This tiny infusion of cash from the Canadians, in the form of an extra $2 a head, was enough to allow the district health authorities to make their spending reflect the disease burden and smoothed the transition to a more effective approach to health care. Health workers, mostly nurses or paramedics rather than doctors, were given a set of rules on how to treat common symptoms. For example, if a child arrives coughing, and with a running nose and a hot brow, the nurse is instructed to work through the checklist of other symptoms to determine whether it is merely a cold or something worse. If the child is breathing more than 50 times a minute, for example, he is assumed to have pneumonia, given an antibiotic and checked again after two days. In most cases, the cheapest treatments are offered first. Children with diarrhoea are given oral re-hydration salts, which cost a few cents. If the salts fail to work, the child is referred to a clinic for treatment. F Drugs are ordered according to what is needed; previously, the government had sent out the same package of pills to all areas. Non-malarial mountain villages received as many malaria drugs as mosquito-infected lowland ones, and areas where nfo one had ever suffered from asthma received asthma pills. In addition to the improved drug allocation, people are now encouraged to use bednets impregnated with Insecticide as protection from mosquitoes and even the Masai, a fiercely conservative tribe of nomadic cattle-herders, have started draping themselves in Insecticide-soaked bednets.Unit 8 Fit as a fiddle G The results of all this were stunning. Infant mortality fell by 28% between 1999 and 2000 and the proportion of children dying before their fifth birthday dropped by 14%. In nearby districts and in Tanzania as a whole, there is no evidence of a similar improvement over the same period, and anecdotal evidence suggests that better health has made the districts less poor. Could this success be repeated elsewhere? ‘The government is keen that the lessons learned be applied in other parts of the country. So keen, in fact, that it is pushing the organisers to move faster than they would prefer. Other countries could also copy the Tanzanian model and donors should pay heed that, while more money is certainly needed to tackle poor countries’ health problems, how it is spent is more important than how much is spent. Complete the summary below with words taken from the reading passage. Use THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER jor each answer: YO MORE SUMMARY Citizens of developing countries are often not wealthy enough to pay for medical treatment. In addition, 7. may prevent people from seeing ‘a doctor. When they do, there is limited money available for treatment. Srest ti The Sa head formery spent in Tanzania included an allocation for ined Test tip staff as well as for 8. . The IDRC offered to. || The Step-up activity on page increase this by 9. Scilla " as long as the money was { 25 focuses on summary allocated appropriately. \ ome This summary Research showed that the 10. in Tanzania had been unevenly distributed in previous years so strategies were implemented to help redress this. The project has shown that improvements in u appear to have brought improved prosperity to the districts where it took place. Questions 12-14 Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAD NUMBER fiom the reading passage. THREE WORDS AND/OR A | 12. What term is used to compare the relative effects of different diseases on a society? | mo | | 13 Which areas of the country suffer most from malaria? project? These questions ‘target smal factual ‘etaisin te tet.he driving fo Expanding your answer In Part 1 of the Speaking test, the examiner will expect you to give reasons for your answers. In Parts 2 and 3, he or she will expect you to expand more. This means that you will need to link your ideas and talkin longer sentences. @9 1 How do you prefer to travel? Why? GRAMMAR Linking words linking word So, because, as and since can be used | to link causes or reasons to their Llive in the eity so [ prefer a small car, outcomes, They help us to expand on te a a question or topic. For exa 2 Read this short speech and Pdr > underline the result in each sentence > draw a wavy line (—-~) under the reason. ; aaa ; | prefer traveling by bike as i's much easier. In my town \ well... its very dificult to park because of al the traffic and parking regulations. | hate wasting time driving ‘around looking for a place so | usually take my bike. J~ a 3 What is the difference in sentence order when YoU ure so and wen you we Because? is ea a ar ow missle) 4 Put a suitable linking word in each space. large, four-door car we can all get in! I'd prefer to have a sports car Tove them, but ( >\ Ihave so many other people to consider, | don't have much choice. L, RAMMAR Because links two clauses, whilst because of is followed by « noun or noun phrase. For example: ‘The drive to the ker now because the council has built a new highway The drive to the now beeause of the new highway Sometimes you can use either of these linking words to express an idea but they are not If you want to stress the action or process, it is best to use because Srest tip: Since is slightly formal and is more often used in written English.) ‘It you do not try to uste | vary of ning was 5 Link the sentences below in three ways using a different linking word each time. Le en If necessary, re-order the information. Check your punctuation when you have fir will lose mas. a I'ma vegeta I don't believe in killing animals for food. SSS b I'ma little short-sighted. Sometimes I need to w © I don’t like busy cities. I spent a lot of time in the countryside when I was a child ¢ Lhired a large car in Australia, ‘The distances are huge e I've lost my umbrella, Tl buy a new one, nd petrol is relatively cheap. Part 1 — Review @ @ answer reason linking word 6 Ask and answer the questions about = ee fast and cone ee car travel. As you listen, use a table —*—H#* ——f¥st end convenient. _becssg _ like this to note how your partner answers the questions. EV oycute) EX (owmsrint)) (‘are ofcar) El (Bnyou tin cars sat) (uovcitoyear) — (simgeteya) —(Govorermast) ("Boney sto) / 1’ 2Unit 9 The driving force Academic Writing Task 1: Comparing data Features: sun roof colour air bag stereo system air conditioning alarm 1 Make a table like the one opposite. Write all the mane aD features of the car above in the first column of your table. Next, in the ‘personal rating’ column number the features 1-6, using 6 for the most important feature and 1 for the least important when buying a car. Ignore 22" the ‘class total’ and ‘class rating’ columns for now. Exchange tables with a partner. features personal rating class total class rating To describe your partner's table you need to use expressions ike these: the most. second most, the third most, the least, a littleflot more ... than. I you are not sure how to use Petrol prices these phrases, do this small exercise first. 2 Look at the list of petrol prices and complete the sentences using expressions from the box above. Example: The most expensive day to buy petrol is Saturday The second most The third The expensive day to buy petrol is Tuesday On Wednesday, petrol prices go up, but they are only than on Tuesday. 3 Now write some sentences describing your partner's rating of the features above. Select the three most important features and the least important feature. a feature! When describing the choices or selections that people have made Si ee ee the following verbs are useful: ear state/say that ... ivare feeV/thinl/believe that ... is/are rate these features were & rhe least iny noun phrase (as) sur of the ear. consider/find + noun phrase (to be) prefer ... to 63Unit 9 The driving force 4. Add up the ratings of everyone in the class for each feature and write these totals in the ‘class total’ column of your table. Re-number them 1~6, using 1 for the lowest total (i.e. the least important feature) and 6 for the highest total (most important) and put these numbers in the ‘class rating’ column. (See the example in exercise 1.) 5 Draw a bar chart to show how your own ratings compare with those of the class. Start with the feature that you considered least important, as illustrated here. Example: key BH versnatrting clas rating also, as well, too, however, similarly Also can be used to introduce an idea that supports, or adds additional information to your main point. It can go before the verb: He also likes ... or between aan auxiliary verb and a participle: He has also been He is also coming If it comes at the beginning of the sentence, put a comma after it As well / too come at the end of the clause or sentence. However can be used to introduce a contrasting or surprising idea but it cannot be used to join two clan like the word but, [fit comes at the beginning of the sentence, put a comma after it. If, however, it comes in the middle of a sentence, put commas round it. nilarly is used at the start of a sentence to link two lar facts or ideas. ‘acon alarm "sun rect” eo’ atbag "stereo ©9) 6 How does your rating compare with the rest of the class? Discuss these questions with a partner. > Is anything generally true (e.g. the personal rating abways agrees with the class rating except for ...)? >What are the most significant features of your chart? — Are there any big differences? Use a contrast word/expression e.g, but, although, however, on the other hand, whereas — Are there any clear s bine ideas using similarly, also, as well or (oo. > Can you draw any conelusions from the data? Do they show anything interesting or surprising? 7 Before you describe your bar chart, |The bar chart compares. oy personal ratings of six car features with the read the description of the sample "St"4* of the whole clas hartancialithe spaces tii'a Garerally, the chart shows quite 4 lot of differences in our rating, linking word or phrase. A) nny Wb dO AgTEE On tro OF the Features. | rated colour” 7 s 45 the third most important feature and the cast did too ©) 8 Take 20 minutes to describe your eae atlas aah i he eel wl bar chart. Remember to use Ingertant Feature. © VL felt thet « stereo system was the paragraphs and . the dass rated ths as least > say what the chart shows my the east ngortant. feature > summarise any overall trends $0" mé was air conditioning, which the css considered « lot vere ing tant. > highlight the main features the dass rated seawrity and safety Atore cnet, > draw any relevant conclusions. Pico = SuCWrISingly, we All gave colour quite & lot of significance. ©) 9 Sometimes ratings are turned into percentages, as in the bar Wiatdiver rte mostatioat TPES chart opposite, In this case, i 300 the people who were Test tip a | Generally Interestingly Surprisingly interviewed ticked the » skills that they found [ recon aR ne a most difficult. eelietatatars | = Predictably Take 20 minutes to sted Dont inc ths categoy. | 10 describe this chart. \ Remember that‘ober isan / ajective. Decide what the reversing parking heenngto hil ober ‘oun is and then describe speed ent starts the statistic.Recognising the structure of a passage find the answers to que First reading Unit 9 The driving force ome IELTS passages have a clear structure and ifyou take note of this, it may help you to Take 30 seconds to skim the passage and decide what it’s about. The passage divides neatly into two halves. Where would ‘ou draw the line between these? Write a sentence explaining what the two halves are about ON THE Getting from A to B as quickly and easily as. possible is one of the pre-requisites of modern life, But how can this be reconciled with our need to give the planet a rest? unk, click, vroom ~ and away we go. Every day millions of us climb into our ears and set off on journeys to work, the shops or just to enjoy ourselves. ‘nd once inside our cars, few of usar inclined to spare a thought for the environmental impacts of driving Advertising consistently portrays cars 25 symbols personal status and freedom and sources of comfort and convenience. But behind the shiny commercials the costs of our car borne lifestyles are becoming increasingly serous. The lengthening traffic jams, demands for new roads, increasing air pollution and threat of climate change ate all issues we must tackle sooner rather than later Emissions from transport are the fastest-growing source of greenhouse-gas pollution ~ mainly in the form of C02 arising from the combustion of petrol and diesel About a fifth of UK greenhouse gases now comes from road transport, with the proportion set to rise as road trafic does (currently growing by about one per cent a year). The economic impact of congestion is costing. us billions, while transport pollution is estimated to lead annually to the premature death of more than 20,000 people. Controversial new road schemes, though fewer in number than during the 990s, are still an issue, with some threatening nationally important wildlife areas. But what about the solutions? The top priority in the short term is to avoid as much non-essential caruse as we can, At the same time, we need to introduce new technologies that wll reduce the impact ofcaruse. And Wwe need to introduce them soon ~ not least to assist those countries where road traffic is rapidly increasing, For example, if China was to have one or two cars in ‘most households and was to consume fuel atthe rate of US drivers, then there would be an additional demand: for oil of some 80 million barrels a day ~ more than the Present total global output. With these kinds of Projections in mind, it is clear that new vehicle technology is vita Vehicle designers are well aware that they need to come up with cars that have a low environmental impact. This won't solve congestion or lessen the Pressure traffic creates for new roads, but new transport technologies could make car use sustainable ‘and non-polluting and become important new industries. And as in the case of electricity generation, itis nota question of if we will make such a transition, it is more a question of how. The best solution is not to drive at all. Walking and cycling can be perfectly viable alternatives in many situations. Public transport is another option, and again results in clearer roads and cleaner air, But for those journeys where a car is indispensable, what are the options?Step - CE) Unit 9 The driving force IELTS READING reve/racseinor cen You may be asked to say whether a statement agrees with the information in the passage, whether it contradicts the information (i.e. itis the opposite) or whether = | ‘the writer says nothing about this. Step 1 Look at question 1 in the IELTS Reading task opposite and decide whether A Test tip “You may think that @ \ question is true but you } Saale | passage. fyou cannot, «the ane is key to be _/ NOT GIVEN’. you think it will be true from your first reading of the passage on page 65. Then ask yourself: 2 What are the key words in the statement? » Can you find something in the first paragraph that has the same meaning as the statement in question Step 2 Go on to question 2 and scan the passage for the key words, advertisers and other products, or something similar. a What does the passage say about ‘advertisers’? Express this idea in your own words. » Does the statement in questior sme, the opposite, or neither? missing? mean Step 3 2 What are the key words in question 3? b Is the question likely to be true? Find the answer. © Write True, False or Not Given depending on your answer. Step 4 Take 5 minutes to do questions 4-8. Step 5 Take 5 minutes to complete the summary, questions 9-13. IELTS READING TASK Questions 1-8 Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading passage? Write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE If the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 1 People use cars for a variety of purposes. 2. Advertisers prefer promoting cars to other products. 3 People have stopped asking for new roads. Cars produce fifty per cent of the UK’s greenhouse gases. More people are learning to drive every year. ‘There were more controversial plans to build new roads in the 1990s than now. The Chinese use as much petrol as the Americans 8 At present the world uses 80 million barrels of oil a day. ane Questions 9-13 Complete the summary using words from the box, There is now an 9 among car designers of the need to reduce the 10 problems caused by cars. The technologies required to do this could lead to the creation of new 11 ; However, one solution is to use 12 this would cut down on traffic and also result in cleaner 13 as buses agreement — congestion _lives damage bicycles. pollution awareness solution industries. roads air arrangement transport lifestylesUnit 9 The driving force LISTENING Section 2 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-5 Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN Remember! THREE WORDS. * You will only h ly hear the recording once, so you 5 ] must answer the questions as you listen ‘Firsts’ in the History of the Car | ¢ Section 2is always a monologue © The topic for Section 2 is always a social/general one. The situation may be | formal or informal + Word ‘automobile’ first used by | Italian painter in 14th century * ‘Car’ comes from a Latin word that * Section 2 is usually divided into two parts. means 1 * The questions here are sentence and table | or completion, but you may get any type of IELTS. {question in the Listening sections. + 1839 ~ first electric-powered road iB Sp hg Tete oot vehicle built in Approach | 2 * Before the recording begins, read the questions carefully and try to predict the type of answer * Late 1800s ~ electric 3 that first used in London * Ifyo on will need. ‘cannot do a question, ignore it and go on | + First cars called 4 | to the next one. Don't waste time worrying about the answer. © Spell all answer - correctly when you * Early 1900s ~ first cars sold in write them on the answer sheet. 8 sho} - Questions 6-10 Complete the table using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Biography of Henry Ford Event Details Bom Son of Irish 6 Built an interna-comtustion engine Used plans from a7 | 1896 Bult the Quad Raised capital for more creations | 1903 Founded the & Medel Acar cast $850 to buy | "1905 Lost money withthe Model twas 9 | 1914 Opened the first car assembly line for the It took 10 to | } Model T put together a carReading ahead In all parts of the Listening test itis important to keep reading ahead as you write. f you miss an answer, just go on to the next question. > Whic ) 1 Ask and answer these questions. > What was the last film that you saw? Did you enjoy’ actor do you like the most? Why? ? > What do yon know about Hollywood? > What does ‘the silver screen’ mean? 2 Answer the questions. a What is a biography? b What isthe difference between a biography and an autobiography? © What sort of information do you expect to find in a biography? (©) 3 Take 45 seconds to silently read through the questions below. ‘Then re-phrase each question in your own words, eg. QI the next answer S Test tip The answers to the questions will come in the same order on the recording You should have / time to write each answer while you ae listening for_/ = ‘Where was she born?’ * isten to two students talking about the actress Nicole Kidman and answer the questions as you listen. 4 ) - os red) I: SID cso (@ 4 Listen to the extract again and complete the responses. ((Boes she aivays star in the same type of film? ED (wer, we know tat {SPE neve in Australia from the age of four, but she... Honolui. she's Australian. ‘mind. in love with her in 1990. For each one, name the verb tense and explain why it has been used.Unit 10 The siver screen Expressing and justifying views ‘In Part 3 of the Speaking test, the examiner will ask you to raises. These will be thematically lined to your Part 2 topic. €9 1 Look at thelist of fim types. Think of the flms you have seen recently. Which types of film are they? lscuss some points that he or she Action Comedy Musical - Drama Fantasy Western aa Horror History Martial arts Romance Cartoon Teen movie Science fiction Crime Thriller 2 Which type of film are the people below talking about? The idea of life on Venus is so far-fetched! I laughed all through the film. The suspense had me on the edge of my seat I'm not very keen on love stories, I don't like films where the actors suddenly start singing loved the part where the cat played the piano and the mouse danced on the table The film ended when the sheriff shot the bad guy [couldn't look when the vampire caught his victim. ©9 3 Make some comparative and SENTENCE STARTERS superlative sentences about The best worst film I've ever se \ VAAL a films / actors / directors / THis besscene fn = special effects | is scenes, etc. and explain to your ay Inns Rare eof ERG character part | partner why you have these Towels asec teas scene scenery opinions, Use the Sentence This is because frightening starters to help you. 9) 4 Tell your partner what you think about some of the film types above, using words from the box below. ing exciting convincing like/dislike because (of) aslong as however at all find as provided that whereas really prefer so if even though too Becueae ; =e Srest tip ‘You must how that you have enough vocabulary to ‘iscuss non-personal {opis inthe test. TMAARLAVAVAAIEAT LLL toe Cena See ee nee #>_ believable. But some other martial arts films ... well, b as long as / provided that Siest tip In spoken English it is common to use as long as, providing or provided The examiner wil be checking tose if you can use complex sentences You wil get credit fortis, even ifyou make mistakes. / that) to express conditions relating to the present or future. For example don’t mind eating meat as long as its well cooked. (i. if it is well cooked, Tl finish this essay tomorrow provided (that) my computer's working, ie. if my computer's workingUnit 10 The silver screen Dealing with longer passages IELTS readin to have a good First reading sages are long (about 900 words). In order to answer the questions you frst need inderstanding of the overall conte (31 Take 3 minutes to do a quick read of the passage below and note down three interesting facts about Indian cinema. 2 Decide whether the passage is a adescriptive text b a chronological account c an analysis of research Second reading (9 3 Take 5 minutes to read the passage and underline the main idea in each paragraph. Bol coe BASICS has become a worldwide phenomenon Ingian fms are the most widely seen movies. inthe word. And the audiences are not found solely within India itself, where 12 millon people are said to go to the cinema every day. They are also found in Russia, China, the Middle East, South East Asia, Britain and ‘Arica. People from very diferent cutural and social worlds have a great love fr nian popular cinema, and many have been fans of Hind fms for over ity years Ingia releases a staggering number of fms, Recent sources estimate that around 800, fms a year are made in diferent cities including Madras, Bangalore, Calcutta and Bombay. However, of this astonishing ‘umber, the films made in Bombay, in both the Hind! and Urdu languages, have the widest distribution within India and Internationally. The two sister languages are spoken in sx nrthem states and understood by over 500 milion people. For this reason, they were chosen to become the languages of indian popular cinema when sound came to te nian siver screen in 1931. In the eary 1990s, there was an incredible Growth of cable, satelite and television channels in Asia. Man ofthese were beamed in from Hong Kong. At first, Indian fim ‘producers feared thatthe popula of Hind ‘lms would decrease because of the new mutt-channel_ competion. However, they soon relsed that television gave ther fis. an even greater reach, not only in India but throughout Asia. Hal-hour programmes showing fim songs, star interviews and the ‘movies themselves have become a major part of tlvision programming. As a resut. Hind cinema has never enjoyed as much influence as it has today, itis atthe heart of popuiar couture in inian big ces, intuencing music, fashion andthe word of entertainment. Recent the Hindi film industry has become ‘universally known as ‘Bolywood’ ~ some ‘people cam 2 journalist from the popuiar Indian film magazine Cinbit frst introduced the term inthe 1980s. The Bolywood name thas divided cri, filmmakers and stars, ‘many of whom refuse to use it. Tey belive it sels. up Hind! cinema against Holywood ‘movies in an overy simplified way. But ‘espite such valid protests, the term has ‘become common curency in both India and ‘elsewhere. Most people ind ita useful way of identtying Borbay productions, permaps ‘seeing Bolywvood movies as 2 product of large-scale entertainment much inthe same ‘way as Hollywood fms are regarded. ‘Any Bollywood film juggles several genres ‘and themes at the same time. However, ‘audiences are used to the sometimes extreme shifts in tone and mood. A violent ‘action scene can be folowed by a dialogue in which a mother telis her son never to be ishonest, and this exchange can then be followed by @ comic scene led by one of the films secondary characters. iis precisely this mix of genres that makes the Bollywood ‘im unique. The mut-gene fim was known, in the 1970s and 80s as the masala’ fim — ‘the term comes from the dea that, ke curry ‘cooked with different spices, or masala, the indi fi ofes a variety of favours. ‘The average Hind fim does rot pretend to coffer a unique storyine. Ifthe audience is looking for originality, they know it is ‘Principal tobe found in the music. The song ‘and dance sequences are the most important ‘moments ~even more so today. Fim musics ‘of such primary importance in today’s, Balynood that it more or less determines the bor-otfice fate of most movies. Leading ‘choreographer Faran Khan believes that, "What is saving Indian cinema from being ‘enguifed by Holywood is ou song and dance ‘outines, because they just can imitate that ‘Atinces know thatthe fms offer mae than just happy endings. The stores are full of ‘hope, showing that good ineitably tums ‘the poor man defeats the rin man; the rch heroine is able to marry below her cass and ‘continue to enjoy a god Ifestye; people Wve modem westemised lives and sbil respect ‘waditonal Indian values; the hero alvays beats the vilan and the dark side of ite is banished forevec The most famous of all Indian fim stars, Artabh Bachchan, sums it all up: Hind fms provide poetic justice in just ‘twee hours ~ a feat that none of us can achive in ifetime.Unit 10 The sitver screen Step upto, IELTS READING pickive From a ust eerie At frst’ shows their ‘Some JELTS questions ask you to select correct answers from a list. This isa bit like an extended multiple-choice question. Step 1 {In questions 1-3 take statements A-F one at a time. For A quickly scan the text to fin references to tls, Hn fins vu dea toe Then read that section more closely to see whether ‘hey goo realised that eis gave tier ‘statement A is the same as what is said in the ~~ films "an_even greater reach, not only in Passage or not. ‘India but throughout Asia. ‘cecal nee clirenclt ai p sihuili Ouseee a Marker that introduces the real effect of meaning. This and ‘even greater’ provide th Pogemnes Step 2 — Do the same for statement B IELTS READING TASK and then go on to the next statement. Questions 1-3 ee, Choose THREE letters A-E f< a According to the passage, which THREE of the following statements Srest tip are tre of Bolipood mons? A They have lost audiences since the growth of TV films. B Some Indian film stars dislike the name Bollywood. C The films have one clear main idea, D The plot is often well known. E Music is a secondary feature in the films. F Justice is an important element of the film story. || American words and splings ae aceptbl in ELIS. The | American words mowe, which | means fm’ o¢ moves which means ‘cinema’ are \cammonty used. Questions 4-9 Step 3 Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading At the end, check that you passage? have chosen the correct Write number of statements. If you TRUE if the statement agrees with the information have too many or not enough FALSE if the statement contradicts the information you should go back and NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this re-check your answers, Step 4 4 More people go to the cinema in India than in China, : 5 Bollywood films have only recently become popular internationally (©) Take 8 minutes to answer 6 Bollywood films are produced in six different languages. | questions 4-9. 7 Talking movies were first introduced in India in the 1930s, | 8 Bollywood films have a direct effect on Indian lifestyles. | Step 5 9 The popularity of Indian films increased the popularity of Indian Some IELTS passages end with a food. s/obal multiple-choice question ae that tests your understanding | Question 10 Ji ‘ of the overall content or the 10 What is the purpose of the passage? Test tip purpose of the passage. A to review the latest Bollywood films eee (2) Take 2 minutes to answer B to compare Hollywood and Bollywood films rust mean the oppaste question 10. C to explain what Bollywood films are al whats sai nthe D to predict the future of Bollywood films So passage,Unit 10 The sitver screen Part 2 review In Part 2 0 give a short tlk lasting 1-2 min and the at you have to talk a explain 1 Take 1 minute to read the card below. Then turn it over and see if you can remember the things you have to talk about. Describe a film that you particularly like. & Test tip ‘You must heap to the topic, there you wil lose marks. You should say: © what type of film it is and what it is about ‘@ what happens in the film © what sort of people you think would enjoy the film and explain why you particularly like this film. ) 2 Take 5 minutes to prepare your talk by making some notes similar to the notes below. Name of film: .The, Matrix Type of film: Science. fiction /. futur Storyline: Robots have made humans. in Who would like it: My reasons for liking it: ) 3 Give your talk to a partner and also record it, if possible. Begin your tall The film | have chosen is As you are speaking, practise looking at your notes to remind you of each main point and remember to look directly at your partner. ‘As you listen to your partner's talk, time them and see if they have covered everything on this checklist“IELTS Test practice GENERAL TRAINING WRITING Task 2 (This task is also suitable practice for the Academic Module. See page 91.) You should spend about 40 minutes on this task Write about the following topic: Some people warn that the eva of the silver screen is coming to an end and that people ill eventually lose interest in going to the cinema. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience. You should write at least 250 words. Remembe *+ Ifyou are asked to agree or disagree it does not matter whether you against a topic, as long as your arguments are clear. * The examiner should be able to identify yo nain ideas and your supporting points, You need to include some examples to illustrate your points. Tt often helps to discuss the topic in relation to your ovn culture or society * A short introduction and conclusion should be included * You will lose marks if you write fewer than 250 words + You will lose marks if your answer is irrelevant to the topic * Your handwriting should be clear. Approach * Take five minutes to plan your essay. Write in paragraphs and include a main point in each paragraph. Use a range of vocabulary and try to include phrases as well as words. Use a range of formal structures suitable for essay writ Try to link your ideas well using different words and phrases. Leave time at the end to check your answer for errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation. ng.Identifying main and supporting ideas The best overall preparation for IELTS is to read as widely as possible, so tha lop your vocabulary and your ideas about popular topics. This will help you in ALL parts of the test. When you read a passage for IELTS, itis important to note these things: the topic, the main idea and the development of the main idea. IELTS Reading questions often test your understand make. Ask them why they enjoy these. Then fiction / non plays ao textbooks poetry guidebooks journals manuals: magazines ‘each type of reading material above? ing of main ideas and supporting points. ask them what they most like to read. newspapers picture books cartoons/comies intemet material Look at the adjectives in the box. Which adjectives could you use with Example: fiction — light, imaginative, challenging, dull, relaxing, wel/badly written nes Srest tip | interesting challenging “ight dull /iejectives tel pone mre abort «=SS straightforward relaxing {your fetngs and opinions. They help realistic informative you describe these inthe Wrting and lfustrated. well/badly written the Speaing pars ote testend imaginative amusing \ they help you understand other E ‘people's opinions inthe Reading and Listening parts ofthe test. Buildup a lst of useul ___ ects. (©) 3 Take 10 seconds to skim paragraph A opposite and say what the topic is. 4 Read the paragraph again and underline the main idea. 5 What do you notice about where the main idea comes in the paragraph? 66 The main idea is developed through examples. List the examples: b Do you agree with the writer's view? A. The wonder of being on holiday is that you can read the things that you don't have to read for work or study. lawyer, for instance, may have 16 baxes of files to read before lunch on the collapse of a business. For doctors, its endless patients’ notes and medical journal, Literary journalist are surrounded by towers of books to review, or press cuttings on the next author to interview. This is not reading as i once was:it i information extraction. All year people read in a utilitarian fashion, thinking hhow best to use the words in front of them. On holiday, while the body begins to rest and recover, the mind can rediscover reading as it ought to be: as mental freedom.Unit 11 The writen word \) 7 Take 1 minute to skim paragraph B and note down the topic, main idea and development. 1 « Eb B Logophilia is the name given to the love of words. ‘Logo’ means word and ‘phil’ comes from the Greek = language and means love. Many people consider it an Cc illness and adults who suffer from it are very easy to aes recognise. They regularly ask you what books you are = reading; they lean over someone on a train in order Eas to discover what they are reading; they eagerly take up membership of every library in the area and they Linger in bookshops far longer than the average person. Is anyone you know a logophile? 8 In the development of the main idea, the same grammatical structure is repeated in lines 5, 6, 7 and 9. This is one way of including the supporting points in a paragraph. What effect do you think it has? Why is the present simple tense used? 9 Re-wrte paragraph A using the same technique of repeating grammatical structures. Does this improve the paragraph? ©) 10 Take 20 seconds to underline the five words which express the main idea in paragraph C below. © What is the connection between bestselling fiction and a bestselling drink? In a recent survey on the subject of things which can help you recover from flu, Lucozade (a well- known British health drink) and popular fiction came third and fourth. First and second places were taken by watching a morning TV show and tender loving care from a loved one. ‘The belief that books are good for you has existed for some time. Perhaps the doctor should say,"Here’s a prescription for a light romantic novel. Take it to your local library? What do you notice about the listing technique in this paragraph? What is the function of the last two sentences? (11 Take 2 minutes to answer the following multiple-choice questions. J ‘, Choose the cove tr 8 8, €or Test tip agraph A, o = a pain pose is that ‘There are two types of for-op6on nt people read different things. Rates eas sin B lawyers have little time to read for pleasure. ‘have to answer a question (2g. 03) C serious readers prefer informative reading material and in the ober you have to complete 3 D holidays provide an opportunity for relaxed reading. sentence (eg 0S | and 2) Yu ny eed owt he eter, 8, Cor Donor ver shee According to paragraph B, logophiles are easy to spot because they A look tired and ill, B try to read anything available. C prefer bookshops to other stores. D are too busy to see their friends. In paragraph C, why does the writer compare reading with Lucozade? A. becanse they both help people get better 8 because he prefers TV to both of them C to encourage people to read more D to make libraries more popularUnit 11 The written word Adverbs Adverbs tell us more about verbs (and they can also tell us more about adjectives and past particles). 1 Find the adverbs in paragraph B on page 75 that describe the verbs ask and take up. Do you think ‘they make the text clearer? Can you think of two adverbs to add to the other two verbs that are underlined? Forming adverb: © Most adverbs are formed by add adjective, e.g. gly to”an awful ~ awfully bad bright ~ brighily oan with-ly. IFit ends in -y, the with -ily, e.g, badly smart ~ smartly djective ends in -e, the is replaced is replaced simple ~ simply terrible — terribly happy ~ happily tidy —tidily * The need to lear, eg » are some irregular adverbs which you good ~ well fast — fast © Some adverbs are not formed from adjectives, e.g, very, t00, s0, etc These are often used with adjectives, €.g, Ito hot in this room, Or they modify other adverbs, e.g, The old man was driving too slowly. * To make a negative adverb, you may need to add a prefix such as uns, dis-, mis-, in-, im, ir-to the word, e.g ir + regular + ly * Some adverbs do not have a negative form n't say uncleverly) so you need to choose a word that has an opposite meaning to cleverly, such as stupidly. + Adverbs c also be used with past participles, e.¢. The picture was badly damaged. The * Certain adverbs go well with certain adjectives and others dont, e.g club is (very) well organised. I'm highly freezing. I'm absolutely freezing. 4 fant tip the best adver to use, 1b) how to form the adverb, ©) where to place it 7 yose sre wal tw improve your writing, but you need cond chs 2 Change these words into adverbs. Can you add a prefix to the adverbs to make negative adverbs? If not, can you think of another adverb that has the ‘opposite meaning? adverb opposite helpful helpfully warhelpfully expected rapid wide happy deliberate 3 Use adverbs from the table in exercise 2 to complete these sentences. 2 The hairdresser more hair than she meant to. » Amanda’ friends to drive her to the airport © The woman knew that her son was hiding something. 4 While writing her essay, Lily found that she was running out of ideas. cut off © Mark arrived at his cousins’ house and found that they weren't there. Peter's essay was not written. Mobile phones are used by young people. hy My brother was cheerful this morning! Note how the adverb comes before a single verb but between an auxiliary verb and its participle. 4 Describe each of these situations using a verb and an appropriate adverb. a ‘oF knock over ick Bez Sieg aeUnit 11 The written word Academic and General Training Writing Task 2: Paragraph building bette ervfonman than the writer who wore fom home When you write your answer to Task 2, \Wellrun offices can be supportive places where staff can give you need to write paragraphs that contain main ‘and receive feedback on their work. Ths kind of assistance ‘ideas and supporting points. ‘an be very comforting. In addition, as their colleagues are in the same field of work, there is a general appreciation of the 1 What is the topic and main idea of the paragraph __ stresses of the job. This leads to greater understanding when opposite? things go wrong. Overall, it seems itis healthier to write in 2 The writer of this paragraph gradually builds on {an office than its to write alone at hore. the main idea by ineluding supporting points. Can you identify the supporting points? 3 Look at this extract from a comic book. What are the advantages of reading about Einstein in this way? Discuss the question with a partner. 4 Follow the steps below and write one paragraph that answers the following question: ‘Why do people enjoy reading cartoons?” > Identify three reasons why you think people like reading cartoons > Then, think of an example that illustrates one of the > Write a sentence or two that explains the topic cartoons) and main idea (why people like reading them, > Give the three reasons for your main idea and, when appropriate, add your example > Write a final sentence that re-states your main idea in a different way Read your partner's paragraph. What approach has he or she taken to listing the supporting points? Supporting your main ideas In Writing Task 2 itis important to explain and give reasons forthe points in your paragraphs. Otherwise, your paragraphs will look like lists 5 Read this first draft of a paragraph. It contains no grammar mistakes but it could be better. Then answer the questions below. These days, there are many books for children to choose from and this has encouraged them to read for pleasure. Children enjoy reading because it is an independent activity. [*] In addition, it gives them a good opportunity to use their imagination. [*] Lastly, they use books to help them understand the world better. [*] All in all, children really like books. 2 What is the topic and main idea, and what are the supporting points? Improve the paragraph by adding another sentence after each asterisk. Can you improve the content of the final sentence 6 Write a paragraph with the main idea ‘Nowadays, People have no time for reading’. Include at least two supporting points, and try to write more than ‘one sentence on each of them. 77Unit 11 The written word Stefo. IELTS SPEAKING pxers Giving relevant answers After you have given your talk, listen carefully as the examiner introduces the first topic area. Make sure you have understood, and decide how the examiner is expecting you to respond. Step 1 Re-write the examiner's question below in your own words, in the thought bubbl Use one of these words: compare, describe, explain, predict, suggest, recommend. i ((She wants me to (“Let's talk about why people decide to 5) | write a book. What sort of reasons do (ye pork ve rw nom Step 2 Decide on your view. In this case, do you think there is @ one main reason? b more than one reason? © no particular reason? Step 3 Quickly think of some key vocabulary related to the topic and your focus. \ * Which of these words do you think would be useful in answering 0° Oo ‘ambition knowiedge sell experience financial boring \ tite personal bookshop) the question about writing novels? SEE OPENING THE DISCUSSION = © step 4 Well, in my view there’s one main Begin your answer with a clear statement that directly addresses yhink it depends on the! question an theo a ceed Its difficult to say because I've never / + Read these three responses and decide which is likely to lead Tdon't ... but into a discussion and allow a to use the vocabulary you know. I think there are oY; | think they need money \ so that why they dot} FB (you ask writers, they a) number of ... ED (‘con't know because | don't know anyone \ who's written a book. va say a iferent. ~~ aaa (“What personal qualities do you + In pairs, re-phrase each of the answers a, b, and c by ink a verter ? Using one of the ‘Opening the discussion’ phrases above. ca wrter needs fo have + Now try answering the question yourself by giving your own 8 Step 5 ‘The examiner will develop the topic by asking further questions that encourage you to support your ideas. ‘+ Ask your partner to support the view they gave in Step 4. 9 Step 6 Could you ever wri ‘The examiner will continue the discussion by asking some questions Do you thnk newspapers are a good ‘on another related topic. Here are some examples. Use the steps sore ema sine ‘i Why oat above to discuss these questions with your partner. shold {rote aa we (© Now listen to the recording of a model Part 3 of the Speaking test. Why? / Why not? 78 elPart1 e Ask and answer the following questions. ED (\Wnat are you studying atthe moment? How long have you been studying it? 1 you enjoy i Why? Are there any other subjects you would ke to study? 4 a Where did you go? How aid you get there? What did you enjoy most? Part 2 €9 Give 21-2 mite tak on ts ope Describe something that you have written that you are proud of. You should say = where and when you wrote it = why you wrote it ~ what it was about and explain why you were particularly proud of it. Part 3 ©9 Discuss the following topics. Writing versus technology What effect have computers had on the way we write? What are the advantages/isadvantages of emai? Wil writing remain an important skil in the future? | Writing and communication How would you compare written and verbal ‘communication? Ae they different? Why do many companies/organisations rely on writen ‘communication? What are the feature of good writing? ‘SPEAKING TEST ‘When did you last go on holiday? Unit 11 The written word ‘How did you first learn to read? What did you preter reading as a child? Have your reading habits changed since you were a child? ‘What is the most popular food in your country? Where do people buy it? How is it cooked? Do you think most people would like it? Why? Remember! * First, you will answer questions about yourself. Then, you will give a 1-2 minute talk on a topic chosen by the examiner. Third, you will discuss some more abstract topics related to your talk by giving y views and opinions. ‘© The examiner will be assessing your language your views but you should always stick to the topic. Approach + In the first part, try to add a little extra information to each answer, but don't overdo it and talk for too long, * In the second part, use the one-minute preparation time to note down the main points of your talk before you give it. Try to keep going but don't rush yourself and don't worry if you need to pause. The ‘examiner will wait for you to continue. * In the third part, try to develop your ideas and take the opportunity to show the examiner what you ean do, But keep to the topic. + Inall parts of the test: — speak clearly — not too fast or too slowly ~ and link your ideas — be adventurous with vocabulary and structures — pronounce words clearly and use intonation and facial expression,Answer key ‘WAgnorance is bliss Step, - before because he was so dull. Unfortunately, I upto eee haven’ taken any interest in Art since that time 1b 5 a took simple past (past event now 2a he | 3 The main idea is in the first sentence b has taken perfect (long past not finished) 4 The answer is ¢ because the paragraph is giving sire advice and recommends that teachers do this. € did you come simple past question d expected simple past / past perfect (the IELTS task had expected _ expectation came before the The key words in the headings are completed course ~ one past event srtra-ciirsioul preceding another past event) i extra-curricular (a common term meaning olhmetied 2 creedtpenae (ato ‘outside the normal curriculum Pauation related pessoa ndlependent ho / responsible / learning ' Have you present perfect (recent past iv resources (equipment/faclities supplied by the : Meat PP applied yateaching stiles 8 had already past perfect (one past event left preceding another) The answers are Paragraph A — headin; Paragraph B — heading € optional (course her d old-fashioned (methodvapproach/course 1 When Lwas a Form 4 student, my favourite te was Mrs Husley who taught History and English, 1 ioment) remember she ahvays wore very bright colours and € relaxed (approach/lecturer she used to make us laugh by acting out some of the £ collaborative (learning/approach/methods) scenes from the history books. Mrs Huxley didn’ & passive (students) bore us like other teachers because she was 50 entertaining, Also, you could always tell that she had ee pone B 1 lot of preparation before each class, which furniture old-fashioned modem us feel special. appearance teacher smart _ teacher casual | Since I became a teacher myself, { have thought sult and tie no ti about Mrs Huxley a lot. She has left the school now teachingy formal — whole informal and I wonder if she realises that her old students Tearning style class, lecture individual haven't forgotten her! friendly 2 a have thought / has left / haven't forgotten behaviour passive active b was / tanght / wore / used to make 5 a formal b rows ¢ different d groups didn't bore / could / made ¢ had done @ together/collaboratively 31b 2a 3¢ 6 Semple paragraph 4 Sample answer ‘The way teachers dress and the clothes they wear When L was a student at South College, my least have also changed a lot. Teachers used to be very favourite teacher was Mr Finn, who lectured in smart. Male teachers often wore a suit and a tie and Graphies and Fine Art. I emember he always gave us female teachers liked to wear suits sometimes too. lots of homework and he used to shout a lot. Mr Finn But trends have changed and many teachers seem to didn't believe in groupwork and he never gave us any dress quite casually. They even wear jeans personal help. I could tell that he had never taught sometimes, although many people still don’t like this 247 b independent / individual ¢ ¢ d theoretical e written 8 Possible answers exams ~ fairer passive more objective / sense of achievement discovery and research more meaningful to student / less passive / easier to remember 9 Sample answer Students can be assessed in a number of ways but I think the fairest form of assessment is testing, If students have to do examinations, they cannot easily cheat, whereas continuous assessment is difficult to mark and monitor fairly. Generally, examinations give more reliable results than other forms of assessment Some education systems emphasise discovery learning, while others tend to spoon feed their students. In my view, itis better to lear things yourself, through your own experiences, be are more likely to remember what you have learnt. Also, discovery learning is less passive than rote g and, therefore leari more enjoyable Answer key a ia arrived spilled umped 1 £150 2 reference number 3. Additional English 4 two2 weeks 5 accommodation 6 three/3 months 7 academic year 8 vi 9 ix 10 vii 11 viii 12 iii 13 1 LOul fiddl €:) it as a fiddle A 2a toe b ankle c¢ ribs dshoulder e throat Conversation 1 2 a heart single organ which pumps blood Ooh! That must've really hurt! What does it feel like now? through the body It feels like a bad burn. It's agony, sits next to the left lung in your chest Oh! You poor old thing! keeps the blood in circulation Conversation 2 b lungs the body's breathing organs ‘You, it does seem pretty stupid, doesa's it? ~ in the upper chest But I suppose young children are capable of anything and ensure the body gets oxygen their fingers are just small enough to fit into a power point. © stomach — large single organ They can get a lethal shock, you know. It's extremely ~ near the waist gerous and yery painful. digests food Conversation 3 speech, feeling and emotion ‘Well, doctor, I think I've slipped a dise in my back or in your head something. 41b 2d 3g 4h Se 6a How did you manage that? 5 fingers ~ very painful just couldn't move ... couldn't stand up. elbow ~ it really hurts, it’s killing me ankle ~ twisted my ankle, swelling, sore 6 throat ~ sore throat, feel a bit rough 3 disc, back — it feels stiff 4 And what does it feel like now? Well, I can just about walk, but it feels very stiff Conversation 4 Are you OK, Jack? Not really! That big bloke ~ Number 7 on the other team — he tripped me up and I fell on my elbow. IFT try to move my ‘arm it really hurts 125 ee126 Answer key and have a look. Let's get you off the fie looks as if you may have actually broken it Yeaht It feels as if I have! It's killing me! Conversation 5 Come in, Mr Fielder Hello, Mes Marks! Now, Me Fielder, as you know, all accidents ¢ work have to be reported to the supervisor. So ean you tell me exactly how this injury oceurred? Wel, I slipped, y for something and my ankle gave way and I just went flying. ‘And where did this happen? In the corridor. Outside the men's toilets! see. The floor must have been wet Any serious injury? Well, 've twisted my ankle and there's some swelling. Its pretty sore Conversation 6 ‘You're sneezing a lot today Yes... I think it's hay fever, And I've got a sore throat tither that or your immune system is weak. Yes. I feel abit ro Maybe I should take some sod idea, More vitamin C is what you need! You should look after yourself. POT up tod ACEO x script, pl wwweambr w/el/stepup UTE. aa g 1 a would b will ¢ would d will e would 2 acan b could not/couldn't ¢ can't d Can't yon...? @ could not / couldn't f can't g could not / couldn't i 1 a the ageing population b children under the age of ten ¢ the number of births per 1,000 of the population 4 an increase in the spread of malaria in Africa 2 a The cost of theatre tickets remained fairly stable between (the years) 2000 and 2003. b The number of hours of sunshine per day fluctuated between January and June € The amount of pollution caused by ears has fallen slightly over the past 35 years. 4 The percentage of women in managerial positions has risen steadily since 1995. 3 a There was little change in the cost of theatre tickets between 2000 and 2003. b There was some fluctuation in the number of hours of sunshine per day between January and June © There has been a slight fall in the amount of pollution caused by ears over the past 35 years. 4 There has be ly rise in the percentage of women in man: ‘oA upto ATL i 1 Switzerland 2 (basic 3 Geneva Convention serial positions since 1995 medical attention against the law white and green / green and white protect the victim fall poisoning/poisons 4 5 6 7 preserve life a £ iy/falls 0 Questions 1-6 Good afternoon, everyone. We're delighted to welcome today a representative from the Red Cross, Mr John Francis, who is going to talk to us about the work of the organisation and about some basic aspocts of First Aid. ‘Thank you, Mr Bloom, Wel, I like to start by siving you some background and then talk about what you ‘would learn on one of our courses. Er, is everyone familiar with the work of the Red Cr The Red Cross movement was started by a Henri Dunant who was a businessman from Switzerland. His ught up in war began in 1859 when he witnessed the effects of a very grim an called Jean interest in the condition of innocent people ¢ battle in Italy. At the time, he organised all the villagers to help the wounded soldiers and make sure they had food and asic medical attention. A few years late gentleman, together with four Swiss coll in 1864, the same ves, organised a conference which laid the foundations for the now famous organisation. This was the First Geneva Convention ‘So that Red Cross workers could always be recogni , they flag. “The Red Cross operates in just about every country of the mine and waar and the ‘emblem is internationally recognised as a symbol of protection their own emblem, rather like a country 1ey chose a red cross on a white background. world, helping people caught up in So concerned are the organisers of the Red Cross about the importance of their emblem that itis, in fat, protected by the laws of the Geneva Convention, Sometimes we find that the red cross has been used as a decorative symbol or to indicate first aid stations but this is actually wrong because using the emblem for anything other than the international organisation is actually against the law. Even though we tend to associate a red cross with hospitals and medical treatment way, isn't surprising, .. in Au recognised symbol for first which, in a ralia, as in many countries, the id and medical centres is not a red cross on a white background but, in fac, a white cross on ‘green backgroundQuestions 7-10 Now that’s the global picture. But what about the local scene? I work for the Australian Red Cross and my job to train people in basic first aid, which is the name we give to the ini of the sick or injured. © Ps, They are, first and foremost, to preserve life. That is the number one the second aim is st ally unconscious. The ‘There are four aims of First Aid, known as the objective of the first aider. The the victim especially ifthe third ‘P's to prevent the condition from getting worse and lastly to promote recovery. So that’s preserve life, protect the victim, prevent things from worsening and promote recovery And we'll be looking at all of those in some detail during the As a trained First Aider, you could be called upon at any time because aecidents invariably happen when they are least expected, Unfortunately, by far the most common cause of injury in our country is on the road, where motor vehicle accidents account for 45% of all accidents. This is followed ‘and you may be surprised to hear this ~ by people falling — falling out of windows or trees, falling off walls or simply falling over. Falls account for 214 of all accidents, Then there are accidents that happen at work where machinery is used. They account for 15% of the injuries. In Australia, water is unfortunately another big cause for concern. Each year many Answer key people droxen in swimming pools or at the beach and 7% of accidental injuries are related to water. Another cause of injury is poisoning. Our houses are full of products and chemicals for cleaning the floor or killing insects in the garden. Small children are particularly vulnerable here becai road the warnings on the bottles and so poisoning accounts for 5% of injuries. ‘Now, as a first aider you need a basic understanding of what they eannot the human body consi to start by looking at the or of and haw it works. So we are going 1 ix 7 (dangerous) myths 2v 8 buildings 3 ili 9 $2/two dollars (per/a head) 4 iv 10 health budget / money for health 5 i 11 health 6 vi 12 “burden of disease 13 lowland (areas 14 28(%) / twenty eight (per cent (2)Ihe driving force Ti 2 ‘Lprefer travelling by bike@it’s 1 In a wb Bee ook cre ‘place Lusually take my bike. well...it very diff yy town 1e wasting, 3. As and because clauses introduce a reason, while so clauses introduce the result 4ads bso c because d as/since 5 a T'ma vegetarian, so I don't believe in killing animals for food. As/since I'm a vegetarian, I don't believe in killing mals for food. I'm a vegetarian because I don't believe in killing animals for food. b I'ma litte short-sighted, so I sometimes need to Since/as P'm a little short-sighted, I sometimes need to wear my glasses. I sometimes need to wear my glasses because I'm a little short-sighted ¢ Tdon' like busy cities because I spent a lot of time in the countryside when I was a child As/since I spent a lot of time in the countryside when I was a child, I don't like cities I spent a lot of time in the countryside when 1 was a child, so I don't like cities. ai distances are huge and petrol is relatively cheap. The distances are huge in Australia and petrol is elatively cheap, so I hired a large car. As/since the distances are huge in Aust red a large car in Australia because the lia andl petrol is relatively cheap, I hired a large car: € I've lost my umbrella, so I'll buy a new one. Til buy a new umbrella, because I've lost my old one Avsince I've lost my umbrella, Ml buy a new one DT 2 a expensive day is Friday b_ most expensive day is Sunday © least d alittle more expensive / a little higher 7 a but b Similarly ¢ However whereas e Onthe other hand overall/generally predictably g although 1 SS128 Answer key 9 Sample answer The chart shows which driving skills a sample of drivers rated as most difficult Predictably, they found parking the most difficult driving skill. Almost fifty per cent of the drivers selected this. The second most difficult skill for them was reversing. Surprisingly, they also considered it hard to keep to the speed limit. Twenty-five per cent of drivers rated this as a difficult skill, whereas they found hill starts considerably less difficult Obviously there are many other driving skills, but overall the sample of drivers rated anything else as much less challenging than these four skills The passage divides at the end of the third paragraph. The second part starts “But what about the solutions? b The first part mentions the problems of pollution caused by cars, and the second part offers solutions. ‘po upto, READING pace 66 Step 1 a use and purposes b journcys to work, the shops or just to enjoy ourselves Step 2 a The passage says that advertisers present a glamorised view of cars b It means neither: there is no comparison with other products. Step 3 a stopped and new roads b No. demands for new roads c False IELTS Task iT 2NG 3F 45 5NG 6T 7F 8 NG 9 awareness 10 pollution 1 industries 12 bicycles 13 air TA 1 cart (or) wagon (both needed) 2 Scotland 3 taxis 4 horseless carriages 5 bicycle 6 farmers 9 bij oO 93/ninety-three minutes/mins g (and) expensive (both needed Questions 1-5 Today n mon sight around the world, But how did all this eome about? In our report today, Jeremy Pemberton gives us a brief ny people own a car and ears have become a the motor car Well, the first thing you should know is that no singl individual was responsible for the inventio ‘automobile’ as we cal it in the States. The impr history of the ear, or fant thing to remember is that the car developed slowly, ov hhundreds of people sought to produce a motorised vehiele. This ‘means that it's hard to say exaetly when the car originated. ‘The name ‘automobile’ dates back to a drawing of a carriage mounted on four wheels that was designed by a 14th-century Italian ned Martini. The name that he gave it, obile’, is half Greek Latin (‘mobile’ ~ meanin ‘au auto’ - meaning’self) and half ‘moving? Car’, on the other hand, comes from a Latin word, ‘carry wagon’. Add to that all the French words associated with ears, ‘chauffeur, ‘chassis’ and ‘garage’, and you ean start to see how complex the history is Its believed that the first electric-powered road vehicle was in about 1899, in Scotland, by « man called Robert Anderson The concept of an electrical engine that could start immediately and run quietly was very attractive at that time ~ as indeed itis now! The first designs were not very successful, hese and this though, Later, there were some improvements ti led to the appearance of electric taxis on the streets of London the late 1800s. But they too didn't last long because electric batteries were still heavy, unreliable, sing ing back to id needed red after a short run. It’s odd to think that we're just solving some of these problems no ‘The first real automobiles were very much like motorised versions of horse-drawn vehicles and were referred toa hharscless carriages’. However, there is a much stronger link and bicycles. Many pioneers in the car world were between people wh the best place to buy a really fine car in the early 1900s was at the local bicycle shop. were experienced in manufacturing bieyeles. Infact,Questions 6-10 Jeremy: There is a common belief that the car is an American invention, But the American car inventors came on the scene relatively late and, while some succeeded, most failed. Then, along eame Henry Ford. Ford was born in 1869. His parents were farmers who had travelled to America from Ireland, but their son disliked the rural lifestyle and in 1879, when he was sixteen years old, he left home and walked to Detroit to finda job. He worked as an apprentice in a machine shop and, in his spare time, he built an internal-combustion engine from plans he found in a magazine. It had bieyele wheels, and was steered by a tiller. It had no brake ‘Some years later, in 1896, he built his first vehicle that was bigger, more powerful, and much faster. It was ealled the ‘quadricycle. This proved more popular. He was actually able to sell it and raise money for further experiments. During the wveral years, Ford continued to refine his passenger vehicles. or reverse gear and was so noisy that the public hated it Answer key Finally, in 1903, he produced an automobile he was ready to market, and so he formed the Ford Motor Company. Ford first brought out the Model A: a small ear with an eight-horsepower engine, which sold for US$850. The next year, the Model B Ford was added, which sold for $2,000. In 1906, Ford added the Model K, which Ford lost money on because it was big and ‘expensive. At this point he decided to concentrate on a light, ‘simple model that could be sold inexpensively, ‘The new design was called the Model T’— easy to operate ‘and repair. Customers responded to the advantages of the Model T, and production increased. Gradually Ford found better, faster way to build cars and in 1914 he opened the ‘world’s first auto assembly line. Suddenly, a ear could be turned out in 93 minutes. By 1924, half of the ears in the world were Fords. The Model T sold for US$290 and profits piled up. Henry Ford did not ereate the automobile but it was he who Jed the manufacturing revolution, He said he would ensure that Jjust about everyone had a ear. He kept his word and life has never been the same since, vO The silver screen aH 3.1 H-ON-O-L-U-L-U 2 acting (and) dancing 6 Thunder 7 Best Actress 3 177m 8 divorced / got divorced 4 1983 from 5 thriller 9 singing KETO Hi, Miranda, Have you found a bigraphy of Miranda: Yeah, Stew, well Ive gota coupe of things here that 1 took ff the internet wo les ee if we can gt down some basic details about her it Stove: OK, well we knew that she's Australian, Hirata: Wel thats her nationality, but ook at what i aye he lived in Australia fromthe age of fur, but she was here born in Honolulu, Sieve: Thats interesting. That's in Hawaii, isn't it? So how do ‘you spell Honolulu? Wiranda: HeO-N-O-L-ULU, Sieve: OK, got that Wiranda: Tt says that she was very interested in acting as a child Although her parents were quite strict and worked in politics Stove: Mmm, Miranda: She had to talk about polities at home but her real love was acting and she went to dancing classes from a young age. Steve: OK. So Tl put those down as her childhood interests Miranda: Look, here it says ‘the red-headed schoolgirl felt awkward as a child’ Stove: Well, she's 1.77 metres tal Miranda: Wow, that is tll! ve: What about her films? Miranda: Well, her very first film was ealled Bush Christmas. Stove: When did she make that? Ive never heard of it. Miranda: In 1989. It was about some children looking fora stolen horse, I think. Sieve: But that wasn’t the film that made her famous around the world, was it? ‘No, not That was Dead Calm — the scary thriller about the boat. She was only 19 when she made it and she played the part of a woman in her 30s, It was very realistic ev: [think we should jot down some notes about her marriage to Tom Cruise. How did she meet him? Niranda: Wel, she was at a film festival in Japan when she heard that he wanted to meet her. He was starring in a romantic film and he wanted her to play the leading female role. ore: Did she get it? Wirenda: Yeah ~ its called Days of Thunder. Apparently, she was worried about her height. She was taller than Tom Cruise. But he didn't mind. He fell in love with her and they got married in 1990. Seve: Since then, she's just become more and more famous, hasn't she? Miranda: Ob, yeah, Sleve: Has she received any awards? Wiranda: Um. Let's see. Yes ~ she received the Golden Globe uss in the thriller called To Die For OK. We can note that down. Does she always star in the ‘same type of film? Wiranda: No, no, she’s performed in many different films. Sieve: So, coming up to the present ... she and Tom got divorced in.2001, didn't they? Wirende: Yeah, and since then she's been doing some singing. Oh, and she's won another Golden Globe Award for her film Moulin Rouge. 4 a lived; was bom b didn't; (simple past; passive) imple past neg; simple past; passive with gor € she'vshe has performed (present perfect) |; got married